From fba055ce5aa0955e22bac2413c33493b10ae6532 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hardythe1 Date: Tue, 5 May 2015 14:21:39 +0530 Subject: add books --- Elements_of_Electric_drives/Chapter3.ipynb | 1133 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1133 insertions(+) create mode 100755 Elements_of_Electric_drives/Chapter3.ipynb (limited to 'Elements_of_Electric_drives/Chapter3.ipynb') diff --git a/Elements_of_Electric_drives/Chapter3.ipynb b/Elements_of_Electric_drives/Chapter3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..ed18a8f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Elements_of_Electric_drives/Chapter3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1133 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:d7bcb2cff24daf3bf697643c2949d172c753aada733ca26e5769ceae0bfe8259" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 3 - Thyristor control of electric motors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1 - pg 215" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Efficiency, Form Factor, Ripple Factor, Transformer Utilisation Factor and Peak Inverse Voltage\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "V=120.;#in Volts\n", + "V_dc=40.5;#in volts\n", + "V_rms=76.1;#in volts\n", + "R=10.;#in ohms\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "I_dc=V_dc/R;#in Amperes\n", + "I_rms=V_rms/R;#in Amperes\n", + "P_dc=V_dc*I_dc;#in watts\n", + "P_ac=V_rms*I_rms;#in watts\n", + "Eff=P_dc/P_ac;#in per unit\n", + "K_f=V_rms/V_dc;#in per unit\n", + "Y=sqrt(K_f**2-1);\n", + "T_f=P_dc/(V*I_rms);\n", + "P_iv=sqrt(2)*V;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print '(a) Efficiency (in Per Unit=)',round(Eff,3)\n", + "print '(b) Form Factor (in Per Unit=)',round(K_f,3)\n", + "print '(c) Ripple Factor (in Per Unit=)',round(Y,2)\n", + "print'(d) Transformer Utilisation Factor=',round(T_f,2)\n", + "print '(e) Peak Inverse Voltage (in volts)=',round(P_iv,1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) Efficiency (in Per Unit=) 0.283\n", + "(b) Form Factor (in Per Unit=) 1.879\n", + "(c) Ripple Factor (in Per Unit=) 1.59\n", + "(d) Transformer Utilisation Factor= 0.18\n", + "(e) Peak Inverse Voltage (in volts)= 169.7\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2 - pg 216" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the field current, firing angle and power factor of the converter\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "alpha_f=0;\n", + "R_f=250.;#in ohms\n", + "K_f=0.8;#torque constant\n", + "R_a=0.2;#in ohms\n", + "V_const=0.8;#in volt/Amperes-radian/sec\n", + "N=1000.;# in rpm\n", + "T_d=50.;#In Newton-meter\n", + "V_rms=220.;#in volts\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_f=int(V_rms*sqrt(2.)*(1+math.cos(alpha_f*math.pi/180.))/math.pi);# Feild Circuit Voltage (in volts)\n", + "I_f=V_f/R_f;#in Amperes\n", + "I_a=T_d/(K_f*I_f);#in amperes\n", + "w=2*N*math.pi/60;# in radian/sec\n", + "E_b=V_const*w*I_f;#Back emf (in volts)\n", + "V_a=E_b+(I_a*R_a);#armature voltage (in volts)\n", + "alpha_a=math.acos(((V_a*math.pi/(V_rms*sqrt(2))))-1)*180/math.pi;\n", + "P_o=int(V_a*I_a);#in watts\n", + "I=52.66;#in amperes\n", + "pf=P_o/(V_rms*I);\n", + "#Results\n", + "print '(a) Field Current (in Amperes)=',I_f\n", + "print '(b) Firing angle of the converter (in degrees)=',round(alpha_a,2)\n", + "print '(c) Power factor of the converter=',round(pf,2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) Field Current (in Amperes)= 0.792\n", + "(b) Firing angle of the converter (in degrees)= 99.83\n", + "(c) Power factor of the converter= 0.56\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3 - pg 217" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Speed of Motor and Motor Torque\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "alpha_a=45.;#in degrees\n", + "V=230.;#in volts\n", + "K=1.668;#K_a*Phy (in volt/radian/second)\n", + "R_a=0.2;#in ohms\n", + "I_a=30.;#in amperes\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_a=2*V*math.sqrt(2)*math.cos(alpha_a*math.pi/180.)/math.pi;#in volts\n", + "E_b=V_a-(I_a*R_a);# in volts\n", + "w=E_b/K;#in radian/seconds\n", + "N=math.ceil(w*60./(2*math.pi));\n", + "T=K*I_a;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print '(a) Speed Of Motor (in rpm)=',N\n", + "print '(b) Motor Torque (in Newton-meter)=',T" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) Speed Of Motor (in rpm)= 804.0\n", + "(b) Motor Torque (in Newton-meter)= 50.04\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4 - pg 217" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Firing angle\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "R_a=0.06;#in ohms\n", + "N1=875.;# in rpm\n", + "N2=750.;#in rpm\n", + "V_rms=220.;#in volts\n", + "V_dc=200.;#in volts\n", + "I_a=150.;#in amperes\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E_b1=V_dc-(I_a*R_a);#Back emf (in volts)\n", + "E_b2=E_b1*(N2/N1);# in volts\n", + "V_a=E_b2+(I_a*R_a);#armature voltage (in volts)\n", + "alpha_a=math.acos((V_a*math.pi/(2*V_rms*math.sqrt(2))))/math.pi*180.;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print 'Firing angle (in degrees)=',round(alpha_a,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Firing angle (in degrees)= 29.31\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5 - pg 217" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Average Load Voltage, Current and Input Power Factor\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "alpha=30.;#in degrees\n", + "V=230.;#in volts\n", + "R=2.;#in ohms\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_avg=2*V*math.sqrt(2)*math.cos(alpha*math.pi/180.)/math.pi;#in volts\n", + "I_avg=V_avg/R;#in amperes\n", + "I_rms=I_avg;#in amperes (as ripple free)\n", + "P=V_avg*I_avg;#in watts\n", + "Q=2*V*math.sqrt(2)*I_avg*math.sin(alpha*math.pi/180.)/math.pi;# in VAR\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(Q/P));\n", + "#Results\n", + "print '(a) Average Load Voltage (in Volts)=',round(V_avg,2)\n", + "print '(b) Average Load Current (in Amperes)=',round(I_avg,3)\n", + "print '(c) Input Power Factor (lagging)=',round(pf,3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) Average Load Voltage (in Volts)= 179.33\n", + "(b) Average Load Current (in Amperes)= 89.665\n", + "(c) Input Power Factor (lagging)= 0.866\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6 - pg 218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the motor Armature Current and motor Speed\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "alpha=60.;#in degrees\n", + "V=250.;#in volts\n", + "T=140.;#in Newton-Meter\n", + "K_a=2.5;#motor voltage constant (in Volt/radian/sec)\n", + "R_a=0.2;#in ohms\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_a=2*V*math.sqrt(2)*math.cos(alpha*math.pi/180.)/math.pi;#in volts\n", + "I_a=T/K_a;#in amperes\n", + "E_b=V_a-(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "w=E_b*I_a/T;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print '(a) Motor Armature Current (in amperes)=',I_a\n", + "print '(b) Motor Speed (in radian/sec)=',round(w,3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) Motor Armature Current (in amperes)= 56.0\n", + "(b) Motor Speed (in radian/sec)= 40.536\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7 - pg 218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the firing angle in both cases\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "V_dc=220.;#in volts\n", + "V=230.;#in volts\n", + "I_a1=10.;#in amperes\n", + "N1=1500.;#in rpm\n", + "N2=500.;#in rpm\n", + "N3=-1000.;#in rpm\n", + "R_a=2.;#in ohms\t\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E_b1=V_dc-(I_a1*R_a);#in volts\n", + "E_b2=E_b1*(N2/N1);#in volts\n", + "I_a2=I_a1/2;#in amperes\n", + "V_a1=E_b2+(I_a2*R_a);#in volts\n", + "alpha_a1=math.acos((V_a1*math.pi/(2*V*math.sqrt(2))))*180/math.pi;\n", + "E_b3=E_b1*(N3/N1);#in volts\n", + "I_a3=I_a1;#in amperes\n", + "V_a2=E_b3+(I_a3*R_a);#in volts\n", + "alpha_a2=math.acos((V_a2*math.pi/(2*V*math.sqrt(2))))*180/math.pi;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print '(a) Firing angle (in degrees) at half the rated torque=',round(alpha_a1,2)\n", + "print '(b) Firing angle (in degrees) at rated motor torque=',round(alpha_a2,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) Firing angle (in degrees) at half the rated torque= 68.27\n", + "(b) Firing angle (in degrees) at rated motor torque= 123.18\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8 - pg 219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Torque developed and motor Speed\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "alpha_f=0;#in degrees\n", + "alpha_a=30.;#in degrees\n", + "V=220.;#in volts\n", + "I_a=40.;#in amperes\n", + "R_a=0.2;#in amperes\n", + "K_t=1.12;#motor voltage constant (in Volt/radian/sec)\n", + "R_f=200.;#in ohms\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_f=2*V*math.sqrt(2)*math.cos(alpha_f*math.pi/180.)/math.pi;#in volts\n", + "I_f=V_f/R_f;#in amperes\n", + "V_a=2*V*math.sqrt(2)*math.cos(alpha_a*math.pi/180.)/math.pi;#in volts\n", + "E_b=V_a-(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "T_d=K_t*I_a*I_f;\n", + "N=E_b*60/(2*math.pi*K_t*I_f);\n", + "#Results\n", + "print '(a) Torque developed (in N-m)=',round(T_d,3)\n", + "print '(b) Motor Speed (in rpm)=',math.ceil(N)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) Torque developed (in N-m)= 44.368\n", + "(b) Motor Speed (in rpm)= 1408.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9 - pg 221" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Firing Angle\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "R_a=0.2;#in ohms\n", + "alpha_f=0;#in degrees\n", + "V=400.;#in volts\n", + "R_f=250.;#in ohms\n", + "K=1.3;#Volts/Ampere-radian/second\n", + "N=1200.;#in rpm\n", + "I_a=60.;#in amperes\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_f=3*sqrt(3)*V*sqrt(2)/(sqrt(3)*math.pi);#in volts\n", + "I_f=V_f/R_f;#in amperes\n", + "E_b=K*I_f*2*math.pi*N/60;#in volts\n", + "V_a=E_b+(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "alpha_a=math.acos((V_a*math.pi)/(3*V*sqrt(2)))*180/math.pi;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print'Firing Angle (in degrees)=',round(alpha_a,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Firing Angle (in degrees)= 47.49\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10 - pg 221" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the No-Load Speed and Firing Angle\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "alpha_a=45.;#in degrees\n", + "R_a=0.2;#in ohms\n", + "K=0.25;#in volts/rpm\n", + "V=400.;#in volts\n", + "I_ao=5.;#in amperes (no load armature current)\n", + "N=1500.;#in rpm\n", + "I_a=100.;#in amperes\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_ao=3*sqrt(3)*V*sqrt(2)*(1+math.cos(180/math.pi*alpha_a))/(sqrt(3)*math.pi*2);#in volts\n", + "E_bo=V_ao-(I_ao*R_a);#in volts\n", + "N_o=E_bo/K;\n", + "E_b=N*K;#in volts\n", + "V_a=E_b+(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "alpha_ao=math.acos(((V_a*math.pi*2)/(3*V*sqrt(2)))-1)*180/math.pi;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print'No-Load Speed (in rpm)=',int(N_o)\n", + "print 'Firing Angle (in degrees)=',round(alpha_ao,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "No-Load Speed (in rpm)= 436\n", + "Firing Angle (in degrees)= 62.45\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11 - pg 222" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the speed-torque characteristics\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import warnings\n", + "warnings.filterwarnings(\"ignore\")\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "import matplotlib\n", + "from matplotlib import pyplot\n", + "Vm=400. #V\n", + "alp=90 #degrees\n", + "Ia=([5,10,20,30,40])\n", + "Ra=0.8\n", + "Kt=2.\n", + "n=len(Ia)\n", + "Ta=numpy.zeros(n)\n", + "Eb=numpy.zeros(n)\n", + "RPM=numpy.zeros(n)\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "Va=3*math.sqrt(2)/2./math.pi *Vm*(1+math.cos(alp*math.pi/180.))\n", + "for i in range (0,n):\n", + "\tTa[i] = 2*Ia[i]\n", + "\tEb[i] = Va-Ia[i]*Ra\n", + "\tRPM[i] = round(Eb[i] /Kt *60./2/math.pi,0)\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "print RPM\n", + "pyplot.plot(Ta,RPM)\n", + "pyplot.xlabel('Ta')\n", + "pyplot.ylabel('RPM')\n", + "pyplot.title('speed-torque characteristic curve')\n", + "pyplot.show()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[ 1271. 1251. 1213. 1175. 1137.]\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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mzvGslKSOpIRxe0TckzVX1GsAiIh3SOfXDKZy4v8q8E1JL5N+Ke4l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\nAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n", + "text": [ + "" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12 - pg 226" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Average Load Voltage, thyristor current, Diode current, Effective input resistance\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "alpha=0.4;#duty cycle\n", + "V_dc=200.;#in volts\n", + "R=10;#in ohms\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_a=alpha*V_dc;\n", + "I=V_a/R;\n", + "I_d=0;\n", + "R_eff=R/alpha;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print '(a) Average Load Voltage (in volts)=',V_a\n", + "print '(b) Average thyristor current (in amperes)=',I\n", + "print '(c) Diode Current (in amperes)=',I_d\n", + "print '(d) Effective input resistance (in ohms)=',R_eff" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) Average Load Voltage (in volts)= 80.0\n", + "(b) Average thyristor current (in amperes)= 8.0\n", + "(c) Diode Current (in amperes)= 0\n", + "(d) Effective input resistance (in ohms)= 25.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 13 - pg 228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the average load Current and Firing Angle\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "V_dc=220.;#in volts\n", + "V_a=250.;#average load voltage (in volts)\n", + "R=10.;#in ohms\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "alpha=1.-(V_dc/V_a);\n", + "I=V_a/R;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print 'Average Load Current (in amperes)=',I\n", + "print 'Firing Angle (in degrees)=',alpha" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Average Load Current (in amperes)= 25.0\n", + "Firing Angle (in degrees)= 0.12\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14 - pg 229" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Frequency of Switching pulse\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "V_dc=125.;#in volts\n", + "V_a=200.;#average output voltage (in volts)\n", + "T_on=1*10**-3;#in seconds\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "alpha=V_a/(V_a+V_dc);#duty cycle\n", + "f=alpha/T_on;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print'Frequency Of Switching pulse (in hertz)=',round(f,1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency Of Switching pulse (in hertz)= 615.4\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 15 - pg 234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Frequency\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "alpha=0.25;#duty cycle\n", + "V=400;#in volts\n", + "L=0.5;#in henery\n", + "I=10;#ripple current (in amperes)\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_a=alpha*V;#in volts\n", + "T_on=L*I/(V-V_a);#in seconds\n", + "T=T_on/alpha;#in seconds\n", + "f=1./T;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print 'Frequency (in hertzs)=',f" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency (in hertzs)= 15.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16 - pg 234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Range of Speed Control and duty cycle\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "V_a=120.;#in volts\n", + "I_a=20.;#in amperes\n", + "R_a=0.5;#in ohms\n", + "K=0.05;#Motor constant (in volts/rpm)\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E_b=V_a-(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "N=E_b/K;#in rpm\n", + "E_bo=0;#in volts\n", + "V_a1=E_bo+(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "alpha=V_a1/V_a;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print 'Range of Speed Control is :'\n", + "print 'Lowest Speed (in rpm) = 0'\n", + "print 'Highest Speed (in rpm)=',N\n", + "print 'Range of duty cycle is :'\n", + "print 'lowest value of duty cycle=',round(alpha,3)\n", + "print 'Highest value of duty cycle= 1'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Range of Speed Control is :\n", + "Lowest Speed (in rpm) = 0\n", + "Highest Speed (in rpm)= 2200.0\n", + "Range of duty cycle is :\n", + "lowest value of duty cycle= 0.083\n", + "Highest value of duty cycle= 1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 17 - pg 235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Duty Cycle of the Chopper\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "V=200;#in volts\n", + "I_a=100;#in amperes\n", + "R_a=0.02;#in ohms\n", + "N1=940;#in rpm\n", + "N2=500;#in rpm\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E_b1=V-(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "E_b2=E_b1*N2/N1;#in volts\n", + "V_a=E_b2+(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "alpha=V_a/V;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print 'Duty Cycle Of The Chopper=',round(alpha,4)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Duty Cycle Of The Chopper= 0.5366\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 18 - pg 235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the power input, motor speed, Torque developed, Minimum and Maximum speed\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "alpha=0.6;#duty cycle\n", + "alpha1=0.1;#duty cycle\n", + "alpha2=0.9;#duty cycle\n", + "V=400.;#in volts\n", + "R_a=0.1;#in ohms\n", + "K=4;#Motor Constant (in Volts/radians)\n", + "I_a=150.;#in Amperes\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "P_in=alpha*V*I_a/1000;\n", + "V_a=alpha*V;#in volts\n", + "E_b=V_a-(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "N=60*E_b/(2*math.pi*K);\n", + "T=E_b*I_a*60/(2*math.pi*N);\n", + "E_b1=(alpha1*V)-(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "N1=60*E_b1/(2*math.pi*K);\n", + "E_b2=(alpha2*V)-(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "N2=60*E_b2/(2*math.pi*K);\n", + "#Results\n", + "print '(a) Power input (in Kilo-Watts)=',P_in\n", + "print '(b) Motor Speed (in rpm)=',int(N)\n", + "print '(c) Torque developed (in Newton-meter)=',T\n", + "print '(d) Minimum Speed (in rpm)=',math.ceil(N1)\n", + "print ' Maximum Speed (in rpm)=',math.ceil(N2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) Power input (in Kilo-Watts)= 36.0\n", + "(b) Motor Speed (in rpm)= 537\n", + "(c) Torque developed (in Newton-meter)= 600.0\n", + "(d) Minimum Speed (in rpm)= 60.0\n", + " Maximum Speed (in rpm)= 824.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 19 - pg 236" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Average Voltage, Power Dissipated and Speed\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "alpha=0.4;#duty cycle\n", + "R_b=7.5;#in ohms\n", + "R_a=0.1;#in ohms\n", + "I_f=1.5;#in amperes\n", + "K=1.6;#Voltage Constant (in V/A-rad/sec)\n", + "I_a=150;#in amperes\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_b=(1-alpha)*R_b*I_a;\n", + "P_b=I_a**2*R_b*(1-alpha);\n", + "E_g=V_b+(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "N=60*E_g/(K*I_f*2*math.pi);\n", + "#Results\n", + "print'(a) Average Voltage (in volts)=',V_b\n", + "print'(b) Power Dissipated (in kilo-watts)=',P_b/1000.\n", + "print'(c) Speed (in rpm)=',int(N)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a) Average Voltage (in volts)= 675.0\n", + "(b) Power Dissipated (in kilo-watts)= 101.25\n", + "(c) Speed (in rpm)= 2745\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 20 - pg 236" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Firing Angle and Power Supplied\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "E_g=-163.53;#in volts\n", + "I_a=40.;#in amperes\n", + "R_a=0.2;#in ohms\n", + "V=220.;#in volts\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_a=E_g+(I_a*R_a);#in volts\n", + "alpha_a=math.acos(V_a*math.pi/(2*V*math.sqrt(2)))*180/math.pi;\n", + "P=V_a*I_a*(-1);\n", + "#Results\n", + "print 'Firing Angle (in degrees)=',round(alpha_a,2)\n", + "print 'Power Supplied (in Kilo-Watts)=',P/1000." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Firing Angle (in degrees)= 141.74\n", + "Power Supplied (in Kilo-Watts)= 6.2212\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 21 - pg 236" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Pulse Width\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "E_b=100;#in volts\n", + "I_a=25;#in amperes\n", + "R=0.2;#(R_a+R_se) in ohms\n", + "V=220.;#in volts\n", + "f=200.;#in hertz\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_a=E_b+(I_a*R);#in volts\n", + "T_on=V_a/(V*f);\n", + "#Results\n", + "print ' Pulse Width (in mili-seconds)',round(T_on*1000,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Pulse Width (in mili-seconds) 2.39\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 22 - pg 244" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Armature Current and Motor Torque\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "N=1000.;#in rpm\n", + "V=240.;#in volts\n", + "w=2*math.pi*N/60.;#in rad/sec\n", + "alpha=30*math.pi/180.;#in radians\n", + "R=0.25;#in ohms\n", + "K=0.025;#in Nm/A**2\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_a1=math.sqrt(2)*V*(1+math.cos(alpha))/math.pi;#in volts\n", + "I_a1=V_a1/(R+(K*w));\n", + "T_1=K*I_a1**2;\n", + "V_a2=2*math.sqrt(2)*V*math.cos(alpha)/math.pi;#in volts\n", + "I_a2=V_a2/(R+(K*w));\n", + "T_2=K*I_a2**2;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print 'When controlled through semiconverter'\n", + "print 'Armature Current (in Amperes)=',round(I_a1,1)\n", + "print 'Motor Torque (in N-m)=',round(T_1,2)\n", + "print 'When controlled through full converter'\n", + "print 'Armature Current (in Amperes)=',round(I_a2,2)\n", + "print 'Motor Torque (in N-m)=',round(T_2,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "When controlled through semiconverter\n", + "Armature Current (in Amperes)= 70.3\n", + "Motor Torque (in N-m)= 123.53\n", + "When controlled through full converter\n", + "Armature Current (in Amperes)= 65.25\n", + "Motor Torque (in N-m)= 106.43\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 23 - pg 244" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Average Motor Current and Speed\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "V=230.;#in volts\n", + "K_t=0.3;#torque constant (in N-m/A^2)\n", + "T_L=30.;#in N-m\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_dc=sqrt(2)*V*2/math.pi;#in volts\n", + "I_a=sqrt(T_L/K_t);\n", + "w=(207.-I_a)/(K_t*I_a);# in rad/sec\n", + "N=w*60./(2*math.pi);\n", + "#Results\n", + "print 'Average Motor Current (in Amperes)=',I_a\n", + "print 'Speed (in rpm)=',round(N,0)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Average Motor Current (in Amperes)= 10.0\n", + "Speed (in rpm)= 627.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 28 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 24 - pg 245" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Armature current and Firing angle\n", + "#Initialization of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "I_a1=36;#in amperes\n", + "N1=400;#in amperes\n", + "N2=600;#in amperes\n", + "alpha_1=100*math.pi/180.;#in radians\n", + "V=675;#in volts\n", + "R=0.4;#in ohms\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V_a1=sqrt(2)*V*(1+math.cos(alpha_1))/math.pi;#in volts\n", + "E_b1=V_a1-I_a1*R;#in volts\n", + "I_a2=I_a1*N2/N1;#in amperes\n", + "E_b2=E_b1*I_a2*N2/(I_a1*N1);#in volts\n", + "V_a2=E_b2+21.6;#/in volts\n", + "alpha=math.acos((V_a2*math.pi/(sqrt(2)*V))-1)*180/math.pi;\n", + "#Results\n", + "print 'Armature current (in Amperes)=',I_a2\n", + "print 'Firing angle (in degrees)=',round(alpha,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Armature current (in Amperes)= 54\n", + "Firing angle (in degrees)= 34.54\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file -- cgit