From db0855dbeb41ecb8a51dde8587d43e5d7e83620f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Stephen Lee Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2015 16:53:23 +0530 Subject: add books --- Electronic_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/Chapter_01.ipynb | 1016 ++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1016 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Electronic_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/Chapter_01.ipynb (limited to 'Electronic_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/Chapter_01.ipynb') diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/Chapter_01.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/Chapter_01.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..550ebd64 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_by_K._C._Nandi/Chapter_01.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:146b2a737d67bfa0a93cceee1f0df7461bc034ad0becba42baf98a47d6983e5d" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter : 1 - Energy Bands & Charge Carriers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.7.1 - Page No : 1-21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "# Given data\n", + "E_g = 0.75# in eV\n", + "E_g = 0.75 * 1.6 * 10**-19 # in J\n", + "h = 6.63 * 10**-34 # in J\n", + "c = 3 * 10**8 # in m/s \n", + "# hv = E_g\n", + "#E_g = (h*c)/lambda\n", + "Lambda=(h*c)/E_g # in m\n", + "Lambda=Lambda * 10**10 # in A\u00b0\n", + "print \"The wavelength at which germanium starts to absorb light = %0.f A\u00b0 \" %Lambda" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The wavelength at which germanium starts to absorb light = 16575 A\u00b0 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.7.2 - Page No : 1-22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "h = 6.625 * 10**-34 # in J\n", + "c = 3 * 10**8 # in J\n", + "lambda_Gr = 17760 * 10**-10 # in m\n", + "lambda_Si = 11000 # in A\u00b0\n", + "lambda_Si = lambda_Si * 10**-10 # in m\n", + "E_g = (h*c)/lambda_Si # in J\n", + "E_g = E_g /(1.6*10**-19) # in eV\n", + "print \"The energy gap of Si = %0.3f eV \" %E_g\n", + "E_g1 = (h*c)/lambda_Gr # in J\n", + "E_g1 = E_g1/(1.6 * 10**-19) # in eV\n", + "print \"The energy gap of Germanium = %0.2f eV \" %E_g1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The energy gap of Si = 1.129 eV \n", + "The energy gap of Germanium = 0.70 eV \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.18.1\n", + " - Page No : 1-51" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "del_E = 0.3 # in eV\n", + "T1 = 300 # in K\n", + "T2 = 330 # in K\n", + "# del_E = K * T1 * log(N/N_c) where del_E= E_C-E_F\n", + "# del_E1 = K * T2 * log(N/N_c) where del_E1= E_C-E_F at T= 330 \u00b0K\n", + "del_E1 = del_E*(T2/T1) # in eV \n", + "print \"The Fermi level will be \",round(del_E1,2),\" eV below the conduction band\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Fermi level will be 0.33 eV below the conduction band\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.18.2\n", + " - Page No : 1-52" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "# Given data\n", + "N_c = 2.8 * 10**19 # in cm**-3\n", + "del_E = 0.25 # fermi energy in eV\n", + "KT = 0.0259 \n", + "f_F = exp(-(del_E)/KT) \n", + "print \"The probaility in the condition band is occupied by an electron = %0.2e\" %f_F\n", + "n_o = N_c * exp(-(del_E)/KT) # in cm**-3\n", + "print \"The thermal equilibrium electron concentration = %0.1e cm**-3 \" %n_o" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The probaility in the condition band is occupied by an electron = 6.43e-05\n", + "The thermal equilibrium electron concentration = 1.8e+15 cm**-3 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example :1.18.3\n", + " - Page No : 1-54" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "T1 = 300 # in K\n", + "T2 = 400 # in K\n", + "del_E = 0.27 # Fermi level in eV\n", + "KT = (0.0259) * (T2/T1) # in eV\n", + "N_v = 1.04 * 10**19 # in cm**-3\n", + "N_v = N_v * (T2/T1)**(3/2) # in cm**-3 \n", + "p_o = N_v * exp(-(del_E)/KT) # in per cm**3\n", + "print \"The thermal equilibrium hole concentration = %0.2e per cm**3 \" %p_o" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The thermal equilibrium hole concentration = 6.44e+15 per cm**3 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.21.1 - Page No : 1-65" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Mu_e = 1500 # in cm**2/volt sec\n", + "Mu_h = 500 # in cm**2/volt sec\n", + "n_i = 1.6 * 10**10 # in per cm**3\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "Sigma = n_i * (Mu_e + Mu_h) * e # in mho/cm\n", + "print \"The conductivity of pure semiconductor = %0.2e mho/cm \" %Sigma" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The conductivity of pure semiconductor = 5.12e-06 mho/cm \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.21.2 - Page No : 1-65" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Rho = 10 # in \u03a9-cm\n", + "Mu_d = 500 # in cm**2/v.s.\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19 \n", + "n_d = 1/(Rho * e * Mu_d) # in per cm**3\n", + "print \"The number of donor atom must be added to achieve = %0.2e per cm**3 \" %n_d" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The number of donor atom must be added to achieve = 1.25e+15 per cm**3 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 33 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.21.3 - Page No : 1-66" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data\n", + "AvagadroNumber = 6.02 * 10**23 # in atoms/gm.mole\n", + "at_Ge = 72.6 # atom weight of Ge\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "D_Ge = 5.32 # density of Ge in gm/c.c\n", + "Mu = 3800 # in cm**2/v.s.\n", + "C_Ge = (AvagadroNumber/at_Ge) * D_Ge # concentration of Ge atoms in per cm**3\n", + "n_d = C_Ge/10**8 # in per cc\n", + "Sigma = n_d * Mu * e # in mho/cm\n", + "print \"The conductivity = %0.3f mho/cm \" %Sigma" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The conductivity = 0.268 mho/cm \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.21.4 - Page No : 1-66" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "Rho = 0.3623 * 10**-3 # in Ohm m\n", + "Sigma = 1/Rho #in mho/m\n", + "D = 4.42 * 10**28 # Ge density in atom/m**3\n", + "n_d = D / 10**6 # in atom/m**3\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "Mu = Sigma/(n_d * e) # in m**2/V.sec\n", + "print \"The mobility of electron in germanium = %0.2f m**2/V.sec \" %Mu" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The mobility of electron in germanium = 0.39 m**2/V.sec \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.21.5 - Page No : 1-67" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "AvagadroNumber = 6.025 * 10**26 # in kg.Mole\n", + "W = 72.59 # atomic weight of Ge\n", + "D = 5.36 * 10**3 #density of Ge in kg/m**3\n", + "Rho = 0.42 # resistivity in Ohm m\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "Sigma = 1/Rho # in mho/m\n", + "n = (AvagadroNumber/W) * D # number of Ge atoms present per unit volume\n", + "# Holes per unit volume, H = n*10**-6%\n", + "H= n*10**-8 \n", + "a=H \n", + "# Formula sigma= a*e*Mu_h\n", + "Mu_h = Sigma/(a * e) # in m**2/V.sec\n", + "print \"Mobility of holes = %0.4f m**2/V.sec \" %Mu_h" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mobility of holes = 0.0334 m**2/V.sec \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.21.6 - Page No : 1-68" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "n_i = 2 * 10**19 # in /m**3\n", + "Mu_e = 0.36 # in m**2/v.s\n", + "Mu_h = 0.17 # in m**2/v.s\n", + "A = 1 * 10**-4 # in m**2\n", + "V = 2 #in volts\n", + "l = 0.3 # in mm\n", + "l = l * 10**-3 # in m\n", + "E=V/l # in volt/m\n", + "Sigma = n_i * e * (Mu_e + Mu_h) # in mho/m\n", + "# J = I/A = Sigma * E\n", + "I= Sigma*E*A \n", + "print \"The current produced in a small germanium plate = %0.2f amp \" %I\n", + "\n", + " " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The current produced in a small germanium plate = 1.13 amp \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.21.7 - Page No : 1-68" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "D = 4.2 * 10**28 #density of Ge atoms in atoms/m**3\n", + "N_d = D / 10**6 # in atoms/m**3\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "Mu_e = 0.36 # in m**2/vs\n", + "Sigma_n = N_d * e * Mu_e # in mho/m\n", + "Rho_n = 1/Sigma_n # in ohm m\n", + "print \"The resistivity of drop Ge = %0.3e ohm m \" %Rho_n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The resistivity of drop Ge = 4.134e-04 ohm m \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.21.8 - Page No : 1-69" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "n_i = 1 * 10**19 # in per m**3\n", + "Mu_e = 0.36 # in m**2/volt.sec\n", + "Mu_h = 0.17 # in m**2/volt.sec \n", + "A = 2 # in cm**2\n", + "A = A * 10**-4 # im m**2\n", + "t = 0.1 # in mm\n", + "t = t * 10**-3 # in m\n", + "V = 4 # in volts\n", + "Sigma_i = n_i * e * (Mu_e + Mu_h) # in mho/m\n", + "J = Sigma_i * (V/t) # in Amp/m**2\n", + "I = J * A # in Amp\n", + "print \"The current produced in a Ge sample = %0.3f Amp \" %I" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The current produced in a Ge sample = 6.784 Amp \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 39 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.21.9 - Page No : 1-70" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "Mu_h = 500 # in cm**2/V.s.\n", + "Mu_e = 1500 # in cm**2/V.s.\n", + "n_i = 1.6 * 10**10 # in per cm**3\n", + "Sigma_i = n_i * e * ( Mu_h + Mu_e) # in mho/cm\n", + "print \"Conductivity of pure silicon at room temperature = %0.2e mho/cm \" %Sigma_i" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Conductivity of pure silicon at room temperature = 5.12e-06 mho/cm \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.1 - Page No : 1-74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data\n", + "l= 0.50*10**-2 # width of ribbon in m\n", + "d= 0.10*10**-3 # thickness of ribbon in m\n", + "A= l*d # area of ribbon in m**2\n", + "B = 0.8 # in Tesla\n", + "D = 10.5 #density in gm/cc\n", + "I = 2 # in amp\n", + "q = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "n=6*10**28 # number of elec. per m**3\n", + "V_H = ( I * B * d)/(n * q * A) # in volts\n", + "print \"The hall Voltage produced = %0.2e volts \" %V_H" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The hall Voltage produced = 3.33e-08 volts \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.2 - Page No : 1-74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "l = 1 # in m\n", + "d = 1 # in cm\n", + "d = d * 10**-2 # in m\n", + "W = 1 # in mm\n", + "W = W * 10**-3 # in m\n", + "A = d * W # in m**2\n", + "I= 1 # in Amp\n", + "B = 1 # Tesla\n", + "V_H = 0.074 * 10**-6 # in Volts\n", + "Sigma = 5.8 * 10**7 # in mho/m\n", + "R_H = (V_H * A)/(B*I*d) # in m**3/c\n", + "print \"The hall coefficient = %0.1e m**3/c \" %R_H\n", + "Mu = Sigma * R_H # in m**2/volt.sec\n", + "print \"The mobility of electrons in copper = %0.1e m**2/volt-sec \" %Mu" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The hall coefficient = 7.4e-11 m**3/c \n", + "The mobility of electrons in copper = 4.3e-03 m**2/volt-sec \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example :1.23.3 - Page No : 1-75" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "n_i = 1.4 * 10**18 # in /m**3\n", + "n_D = 1.4 * 10**24 # in /m**3\n", + "n=n_D # in /m**3\n", + "p = n_i**2/n # in /m**3\n", + "R = n/p \n", + "print \"The ratio of electrons to hole concentration = %0.1e\" %R" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The ratio of electrons to hole concentration = 1.0e+12\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 43 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.4 - Page No : 1-76" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import atan, pi\n", + "# Given data\n", + "B = 0.48 # in wb/m**2\n", + "R_H = 3.55 * 10**-4 # in m**3/c\n", + "Rho = 0.00912 # in ohm-m\n", + "Sigma = 1/Rho # in (ohm-m)**-1\n", + "theta_H = atan( Sigma * B * R_H)*180/pi # in degree\n", + "print \"The hall angle for a hall coefficient = %0.4f\u00b0\" %theta_H" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The hall angle for a hall coefficient = 1.0704\u00b0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.5 - Page No : 1-76" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data\n", + "R = 9 * 10**-3 # in ohm-m\n", + "R_H = 3.6 * 10**-4 # in m**3\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "Sigma = 1/R # in (ohm-m)**-1\n", + "Rho = 1/R_H # in coulomb/m**3\n", + "n = Rho/e # in /m**3\n", + "print \"Density of charge carriers = %0.5e per m**3 \" %n\n", + "Mu = Sigma * R_H # in m**2/v-s\n", + "print \"Mobility of charge carriers = %0.2f m**2/V-s \" %Mu" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Density of charge carriers = 1.73611e+22 per m**3 \n", + "Mobility of charge carriers = 0.04 m**2/V-s \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 48 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.6 - Page No : 1-76" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "R_H = 0.0145 # in m**3/coulomb\n", + "Mu_e = 0.36 # in m**2/v-s\n", + "E = 100 # in V/m\n", + "n = 1/(e * R_H) # in /m**3\n", + "J = n * e * Mu_e * E # in A/m**2\n", + "print \"The current density of specimen = %0.3e A/m**2 \" %J" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The current density of specimen = 2.483e+03 A/m**2 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.7 - Page No : 1-77" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "#Given data\n", + "Mu_e = 7.04 * 10**-3 # in m**2/v-s\n", + "m = 9.1 * 10**-31 \n", + "E_F = 5.5 # in eV\n", + "n = 5.8 * 10**28 \n", + "e = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "Torque = (Mu_e/e) * m # in sec\n", + "print \"Relaxation Time = %0.3e sec \" %Torque\n", + "Rho = 1 /(n * e * Mu_e) # in ohm-m\n", + "print \"Resistivity of conductor = %0.3e ohm-m \" %Rho\n", + "V_F = sqrt((2 * E_F * e)/m) # in m/s\n", + "print \"Velocity of electrons with fermi-energy = %0.4e m/s \" %V_F" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Relaxation Time = 4.004e-14 sec \n", + "Resistivity of conductor = 1.531e-08 ohm-m \n", + "Velocity of electrons with fermi-energy = 1.3907e+06 m/s \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 52 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.8 - Page No : 1-77" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import log\n", + "# Given data\n", + "E= 5.95 # in eV\n", + "EF= 6.25 # in eV\n", + "delE= 0.01 \n", + " # delE= 1-1/(1+exp((E-EF)/KT))\n", + "K=1.38*10**-23 # Boltzman Constant in J/K\n", + "T = ((E-EF)/log(1/(1-delE) -1)*1.6*10**-19)/K # in K\n", + "print \"The temperature =\" ,int(T),\"K\"\n", + " " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The temperature = 756 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 57 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.9 - Page No : 1-78" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Given data \n", + "N_V = 1.04 * 10**19 # in cm**-3\n", + "T1 = 300 # in K\n", + "T2 = 400 # in K\n", + "del_E = 0.27 # in eV\n", + "N_V = N_V * (T2/T1)**1.5 # in cm**-3\n", + "KT = (0.0259) * (T2/T1) # in eV\n", + "P_o = N_V * exp(-(del_E)/KT) # in cm**-3\n", + "print \"The thermal equilibrium hole concentration in silicon = %0.2e cm**-3 \" %P_o" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The thermal equilibrium hole concentration in silicon = 6.44e+15 cm**-3 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.10 - Page No : 1-78" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data\n", + "N_c = 2.8 * 10**19 \n", + "N_V = 1.04 *10**19 \n", + "T1 = 550 # in K\n", + "T2 = 300 # in K\n", + "E_g = 1.12 \n", + "KT = (0.0259) \n", + "n_i = sqrt(N_c *N_V *(T1/T2)**3* exp(-(E_g)/KT*T2/T1)) # in cm**-3\n", + "# n_o = N_d/2 + sqrt((N_d/2)**2 + (n_i)**2)\n", + "# 1.05*N_d -N_d/2= sqrt((N_d/2)**2 + (n_i)**2)\n", + "N_d=sqrt((n_i)**2/((0.55)**2-1/4)) \n", + "print \"Minimum donor concentration required = %0.3e cm**-3 \" %N_d" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Minimum donor concentration required = 1.396e+15 cm**-3 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.11 - Page No : 1-79" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data\n", + "T = 300 # in K\n", + "n_o = 10**15 # in cm**-3\n", + "n_i = 10**10 # in cm**-3\n", + "p_o = 10**5 # in cm**-3\n", + "del_n = 10**13 # in cm**-3\n", + "del_p = del_n # in cm**-3\n", + "KT = 0.0259 # in eV\n", + "delta_E1= KT*log(n_o/n_i) # value of E_F-E_Fi in eV\n", + "delta_E2= KT*log((n_o+del_n)/n_i) # value of E_Fn-E_Fi in eV\n", + "delta_E3= KT*log((p_o+del_p)/n_i) # value of E_Fi-E_Fp in eV\n", + "print \"The Fermi level for thermal equillibrium = %0.4f eV \" %delta_E1\n", + "print \"The quase-Fermi level for electrons in non equillibrium = %0.4f eV \" %delta_E2\n", + "print \"The quasi-Fermi level for holes in non equillibrium = %0.3f eV \" %delta_E3\n", + "print \"The quasi-Fermi level for electrons is above E_Fi while the quasi-Fermi level for holes is below E_Fi\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Fermi level for thermal equillibrium = 0.2982 eV \n", + "The quase-Fermi level for electrons in non equillibrium = 0.2984 eV \n", + "The quasi-Fermi level for holes in non equillibrium = 0.179 eV \n", + "The quasi-Fermi level for electrons is above E_Fi while the quasi-Fermi level for holes is below E_Fi\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 63 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.12 - Page No : 1-79" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data\n", + "n_i = 1.5 * 10**10 \n", + "n_o = 10**17 \n", + "KT = 0.0259 \n", + "P_o = (n_i)**2/n_o # in cm**-3\n", + "del_E = KT * log(n_o/n_i) # in eV\n", + "print \"equilibrium hole concentration = %0.3f eV \" %del_E" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "equilibrium hole concentration = 0.407 eV \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example : 1.23.13 - Page No : 1-79" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given data\n", + "Mu_n = 700 #in cm**2/v-s\n", + "n_o = 10**17 # in /cm**3\n", + "q = 1.6 * 10**-19 # in C\n", + "l = 0.1 # in cm\n", + "A = 10**-6 \n", + "V = 10 # in V\n", + "Sigma = q * Mu_n * n_o # in (ohm cm)**-1\n", + "Rho = 1/Sigma #in ohm cm \n", + "R = Rho * (l/A) # in ohm\n", + "I = V/R # in A\n", + "print \"The value of current = %0.2f mA \" %(I*10**3)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + " " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of current = 1.12 mA \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 65 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file -- cgit