From c7fe425ef3c5e8804f2f5de3d8fffedf5e2f1131 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hardythe1 Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2015 15:58:05 +0530 Subject: added books --- Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1.ipynb | 773 ++++++++++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11.ipynb | 64 ++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11_1.ipynb | 64 ++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1_1.ipynb | 773 ++++++++++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2.ipynb | 904 +++++++++++++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2_1.ipynb | 904 +++++++++++++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3.ipynb | 727 +++++++++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3_1.ipynb | 727 +++++++++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_4.ipynb | 100 +++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_4_1.ipynb | 100 +++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_5.ipynb | 696 ++++++++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_5_1.ipynb | 696 ++++++++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6.ipynb | 458 +++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6_1.ipynb | 458 +++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7.ipynb | 287 +++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7_1.ipynb | 287 +++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8.ipynb | 677 +++++++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8_1.ipynb | 677 +++++++++++++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9.ipynb | 155 ++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9_1.ipynb | 155 ++++ Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/README.txt | 10 + Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/2.png | Bin 0 -> 47514 bytes Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/3.png | Bin 0 -> 46273 bytes .../screenshots/6_6.png | Bin 0 -> 218197 bytes 24 files changed, 9692 insertions(+) create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_4.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_4_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_5.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_5_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9_1.ipynb create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/README.txt create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/2.png create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/3.png create mode 100755 Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/6_6.png (limited to 'Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits') diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d1e6834d --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,773 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter No.1: Special Diodes" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.1, Page No. 9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Reverse Saturation current of diode\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "I=40*10**-3 #forword bias current in A\n", + "V=0.25 #forword bias voltage in Volt\n", + "T=20 #junction temperature in degree C\n", + "T=T+273 #junction temperature in degree K\n", + "ETA=1 #For Ge\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #in Coulamb(electronic charge)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23 #in J/K(Boltzman Constant)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#Formula : I=Io*(exp(e*V/(ETA*k*T))-1)\n", + "x=math.ceil((e*V/(ETA*k*T)))\n", + "Io=I/(math.exp(x)-1)\n", + "Io=math.ceil(Io*10**8)/10**8\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Reverse saturation current in micro Ampere : %.2f \"%(Io*10**6))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Reverse saturation current in micro Ampere : 1.82 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 1.2, Page No. 9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of forword voltage\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Io=10*10**-6 # reverse saturation currrent in A\n", + "I=1 # forword current in Ampere\n", + "ETA=2 # For Si\n", + "T=27 # room temperature in degree C\n", + "T=T+273 # room temperature in degree K\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 # in Coulamb(electronic charge)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23 # in J/K(Boltzman Constant)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#Formula : I=Io*(exp(%e*V/(ETA*k*T))-1)\n", + "V=(ETA*k*T/e)*math.log(I/(Io)+1)\n", + "V=math.floor(V*100)/100\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Forward Voltage across the diode in Volt :%.2f\"%V)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Forward Voltage across the diode in Volt :0.59\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 1.3 , Page No. 23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#DC Current, DC Voltage, Ripple Factor\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "RL=1 #load resistance in kOhm\n", + "#rf<1.5mW)\")\n", + "print(\"Hence Photourrent can not be calculated.\")" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i)\n", + "Power of incident light 1mW, Photocurrent in mA is :0.90\n", + "\n", + "(ii)\n", + "Here IP is not proportional to Pop(for Pop>1.5mW)\n", + "Hence Photourrent can not be calculated.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 74 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 1.14, Page No. 39" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ETA=70.0 #in %\n", + "Eg=0.75 #in eV\n", + "Eg=Eg*1.6*10**-19 #in Joule\n", + "h=6.63*10**-34 #Planks constant in J-s\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light in m/s\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #in coulamb\n", + "\n", + "#Calcualtions\n", + "lambda1=h*c/Eg #in meter\n", + "R=(ETA/100)*e*lambda1/(h*c) #in A/W\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Wavelength in nm :%.1f\"%(lambda1*10**9))\n", + "print(\"Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode in A/W :%.3f\"%R)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Wavelength in nm :1657.5\n", + "Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode in A/W :0.933\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 78 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 1.15, Page No. 41" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Equilibrium contact potential\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "W1=2.5 #in eV\n", + "W2=1.9 #in eV\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "ContactPotential=W1-W2 #in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Contact potential in Volts :%.1f \"%ContactPotential)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Contact potential in Volts :0.6 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 80 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..68c49a6c --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter No.11: Multivibrators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.1, Page No.323" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Frequency of Oscillators\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=15 #in kohm\n", + "R2=15 #in kohm\n", + "C1=0.005 #in uF\n", + "C2=0.005 #in uF\n", + "R=R1; #in Kohm\n", + "C=C1 #in uF\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "T=0.69*(R*10**3*C*10**-6+R*10**3*C*10**-6) #in second\n", + "f=1/T #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Frequency of oscillators in KHz : %.2f\"%(f*10**-3));" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of oscillators in KHz : 9.66\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..68c49a6c --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter No.11: Multivibrators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.1, Page No.323" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Frequency of Oscillators\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=15 #in kohm\n", + "R2=15 #in kohm\n", + "C1=0.005 #in uF\n", + "C2=0.005 #in uF\n", + "R=R1; #in Kohm\n", + "C=C1 #in uF\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "T=0.69*(R*10**3*C*10**-6+R*10**3*C*10**-6) #in second\n", + "f=1/T #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Frequency of oscillators in KHz : %.2f\"%(f*10**-3));" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of oscillators in KHz : 9.66\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d1e6834d --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,773 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter No.1: Special Diodes" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.1, Page No. 9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Reverse Saturation current of diode\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "I=40*10**-3 #forword bias current in A\n", + "V=0.25 #forword bias voltage in Volt\n", + "T=20 #junction temperature in degree C\n", + "T=T+273 #junction temperature in degree K\n", + "ETA=1 #For Ge\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #in Coulamb(electronic charge)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23 #in J/K(Boltzman Constant)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#Formula : I=Io*(exp(e*V/(ETA*k*T))-1)\n", + "x=math.ceil((e*V/(ETA*k*T)))\n", + "Io=I/(math.exp(x)-1)\n", + "Io=math.ceil(Io*10**8)/10**8\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Reverse saturation current in micro Ampere : %.2f \"%(Io*10**6))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Reverse saturation current in micro Ampere : 1.82 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 1.2, Page No. 9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of forword voltage\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Io=10*10**-6 # reverse saturation currrent in A\n", + "I=1 # forword current in Ampere\n", + "ETA=2 # For Si\n", + "T=27 # room temperature in degree C\n", + "T=T+273 # room temperature in degree K\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 # in Coulamb(electronic charge)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23 # in J/K(Boltzman Constant)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#Formula : I=Io*(exp(%e*V/(ETA*k*T))-1)\n", + "V=(ETA*k*T/e)*math.log(I/(Io)+1)\n", + "V=math.floor(V*100)/100\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Forward Voltage across the diode in Volt :%.2f\"%V)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Forward Voltage across the diode in Volt :0.59\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 1.3 , Page No. 23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#DC Current, DC Voltage, Ripple Factor\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "RL=1 #load resistance in kOhm\n", + "#rf<1.5mW)\")\n", + "print(\"Hence Photourrent can not be calculated.\")" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i)\n", + "Power of incident light 1mW, Photocurrent in mA is :0.90\n", + "\n", + "(ii)\n", + "Here IP is not proportional to Pop(for Pop>1.5mW)\n", + "Hence Photourrent can not be calculated.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 74 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 1.14, Page No. 39" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ETA=70.0 #in %\n", + "Eg=0.75 #in eV\n", + "Eg=Eg*1.6*10**-19 #in Joule\n", + "h=6.63*10**-34 #Planks constant in J-s\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light in m/s\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #in coulamb\n", + "\n", + "#Calcualtions\n", + "lambda1=h*c/Eg #in meter\n", + "R=(ETA/100)*e*lambda1/(h*c) #in A/W\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Wavelength in nm :%.1f\"%(lambda1*10**9))\n", + "print(\"Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode in A/W :%.3f\"%R)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Wavelength in nm :1657.5\n", + "Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode in A/W :0.933\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 78 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 1.15, Page No. 41" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Equilibrium contact potential\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "W1=2.5 #in eV\n", + "W2=1.9 #in eV\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "ContactPotential=W1-W2 #in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Contact potential in Volts :%.1f \"%ContactPotential)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Contact potential in Volts :0.6 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 80 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b6f3fd83 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,904 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter No.2: Bipolar junction Transistors(BJTs)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.1 , Page No. 63" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Current amplification factors\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "deltaIB=50.0 #in uA\n", + "deltaIC=1.0 #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltaIC=deltaIC*10**3 #in uA\n", + "Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB #unitless\n", + "Alfa=Beta/(1+Beta) #unittless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Current Amplification Factor,Beta :%.0f\"%Beta)\n", + "print(\"Current Amplification Factor,Alfa :%.3f or 20/21\"%(Alfa))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current Amplification Factor,Beta :20\n", + "Current Amplification Factor,Alfa :0.952 or 20/21\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.2, Page No.63" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of IE\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable Declaration\n", + "IB=25.0 #in uA\n", + "Beta=40.0 #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "IC=Beta*IB #in uA\n", + "IE=IB+IC #in uA\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"The value of IE : %.0f micro Ampere\"%IE)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of IE : 1025 micro Ampere\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 127 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.3, page No.63" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Change in collector current\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "alfa=0.98 #unitless\n", + "deltaIB=0.2 #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Beta=alfa/(1-alfa) #unitless\n", + "deltaIC=Beta*deltaIB #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Change in collector curent :%.0f mA \"% (deltaIC))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Change in collector curent :10 mA \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 128 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.4, Page No.64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#nput current in CE and CB configuration\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Beta=45 #unitless\n", + "RL=1.0 #in kOhm\n", + "deltaVCE=1 #in volt\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "#(i)\n", + "IC=deltaVCE/(RL*1000) #in Ampere\n", + "#Formula : Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB\n", + "IB=IC/Beta #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#(ii)\n", + "IC=deltaVCE/(RL*1000) #in Ampere\n", + "#Formula : Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB\n", + "IE=IB+IC #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Part (i) : CE coniguration\\n\")\n", + "print(\"Input Base Current, IB in mA :%.3f \"%(IB*10**3))\n", + "print(\"\\nPart (ii) : CB coniguration\\n\")\n", + "print(\"Input Emitter Current, IE in mA :%.3f \"%(IE*10**3))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part (i) : CE coniguration\n", + "\n", + "Input Base Current, IB in mA :0.022 \n", + "\n", + "Part (ii) : CB coniguration\n", + "\n", + "Input Emitter Current, IE in mA :1.022 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.5, Page No.64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Current gain and base current\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Ileakage=12.5 #in uA\n", + "ICBO=12.5 #in uA\n", + "IE=2 #in mA\n", + "IC=1.97 #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#Formula : IC=alfa*IE+ICBO\n", + "alfa=(IC-ICBO/10**3)/IE #unitless\n", + "IB=IE-IC #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Current Gain : %.3f\"%(math.floor(alfa*1000)/1000))\n", + "print(\"Base current in mA : %.2f\"%IB)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current Gain : 0.978\n", + "Base current in mA : 0.03\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 130 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.6, Page No.64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Input resistance of transistor\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "deltaVBE=200.0 #in mVolt\n", + "deltaIB=100 #in uA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ri=deltaVBE*10**-3/(deltaIB*10**-6) #in Ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Input resistane of transistor in kohm :%.0f\"%(ri/1000))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input resistane of transistor in kohm :2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 131 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.7, Page No.64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Dynamic input resistance\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "deltaVEB=200.0 #in mVolt\n", + "deltaIE=5.0 #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ri=deltaVEB*10**-3/(deltaIE*10**-3) #in Ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Input resistane of transistor in Ohm :%.0f\"%ri)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input resistane of transistor in Ohm :40\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 132 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.9, Page No.72" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Current gain input resistance and voltage gain\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Ri=500.0 #in Ohm\n", + "RL=1.0 #in kOhm\n", + "hie=1.0 #in kOhm\n", + "hre=2.0*10**-4 #unitless\n", + "hfe=50.0 #unitless\n", + "hoe=25.0 #micro mho\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Part (a) :\n", + "Ai=-hfe/(1+hoe*10**-6*RL*10**3) #unitless\n", + "#Part (b) :\n", + "Rin=(hie*10**3)-(hre*hfe/((hoe*10**-6)+1/(RL*10**3))) #in Ohm\n", + "#Part (c) :\n", + "Av=Ai*RL*10**3/Ri #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"(a)\\nCurrent Gain :%.1f \"%Ai)\n", + "print(\"(b)\\nInput Resistance in Ohm :%.2f\"%Rin)\n", + "print(\"(c)\\nVoltage Gain :%.1f \"%Av)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a)\n", + "Current Gain :-48.8 \n", + "(b)\n", + "Input Resistance in Ohm :990.24\n", + "(c)\n", + "Voltage Gain :-97.6 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 133 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.10, Page No.78" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Collector emitter saturation voltage\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "alfaF=0.99 #unitless\n", + "alfaR=0.20 #unitless\n", + "IC=1.0 #in mA\n", + "IB=50.0 #in micro Ampere\n", + "T=300 #in kelvin\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23 #Boltzman constant\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #in cooulamb\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Vth=k*T/e #in Volt\n", + "VCEsat=Vth*math.log(((IC*10**-3*(1-alfaR)+IB*10**-6)*alfaF)/((alfaF*IB*10**-6-(1-alfaF)*IC*10**-3)*alfaR))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Collector-Emitter saturation voltage in volt :%.3f\"%VCEsat)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Collector-Emitter saturation voltage in volt :0.121\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 134 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.11, Page No.78" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Relative size of collector junction\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "IES=10**-14 #in A\n", + "alfaF=1 #unitless\n", + "alfaR=0.1 #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Formula : alfaF*IES=alfaR*ICS\n", + "ICS=(alfaF/alfaR)*IES #in Ampere\n", + "RelativeSize=ICS/IES #unitless\n", + "BetaR=alfaR/(1-alfaR) #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Collector base junction saturation current in Ampere : %.1f * 10^-12\"%(ICS*10**12))\n", + "print(\"\\nCollector is %.0f times larger in size than emitter\"%RelativeSize)\n", + "print(\"\\nValue of BetaR :%.2f \"%BetaR)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Collector base junction saturation current in Ampere : 0.1 * 10^-12\n", + "\n", + "Collector is 10 times larger in size than emitter\n", + "\n", + "Value of BetaR :0.11 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 135 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.12, Page No.87" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#DC load line and operating point\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Beta=100 #unitless\n", + "VCC=6 #in volt\n", + "RB=530 #in kOhm\n", + "RC=2 #in kOhm\n", + "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "IC1=0 #in A\n", + "VCE1=VCC-IC1*RC #in volt\n", + "#If VCE=0 #in volt\n", + "VCE2=0 #in volt\n", + "IC2=VCC/RC #in Ampere\n", + "################------------PLOT------------#############\n", + "t = arange(0.0001,6 , 0.0005)\n", + "t2 = arange(0.0001, 4, 0.0005)\n", + "a=arange(0.001,1,0.0005)\n", + "x=(4*a)/a\n", + "plot(t2,1*t2/t2,'--')\n", + "plot(x,a,'--')\n", + "plot(t,(3-0.5*t),'b')\n", + "text(4,1.1,'Q(4,1)')\n", + "text(0.1,3.05,'A')\n", + "text(6.05,0.1,'B')\n", + "xlabel('VCE(in volts)')\n", + "ylabel('IC(in mA)')\n", + "title('DC load line')\n", + "#########---------------------------------------##########\n", + "#Formula : VCC=VBE+IB*RB\n", + "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "IC=Beta*IB;#in Ampere\n", + "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3 #in volt\n", + "print(\"Q point coordinates are :\");\n", + "print(\"IC=%.1f mA and VCE=%.1f Volt.\"%((IC*10**3),(VCE)))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Q point coordinates are :\n", + "IC=1.0 mA and VCE=4.0 Volt.\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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CIDcXSEwEhgxpejwX0SMiQXGtJOOjr3kPojaGjIwM9OnTB71798bq1au1jlm0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\nBjYGIiLSwMZAREQa/h97CqXc/zL3NgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n", + "text": [ + "" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 178 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.13, Page No. 88" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#RB and new value of IC\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n", + "IC=1.0 #in mA\n", + "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n", + "VBE=0.3 #in volt(For Ge)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "IB=IC/Beta #in mA\n", + "#Formula : VCC=VBE+IB*RB\n", + "RB=(VCC-VBE)/(IB*10**-3) #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#part (ii)\n", + "Beta=50 #unitless\n", + "IB=(VCC-VBE)/RB #in Ampere\n", + "IC=Beta*IB #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Resistance RB in kOhm : %.0f\"%(RB/10**3))\n", + "print(\"Zero signal IC in mA:%.1f\"%(IC*10**3))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistance RB in kOhm : 1170\n", + "Zero signal IC in mA:0.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 137 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.14, Page No.88" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Set the operating point\n", + "import math\n", + "print(\"To set the required operating point, value of RB will be find out.\")\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "IC=1.0 #in mA\n", + "VCE=8.0 #in volt\n", + "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n", + "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n", + "VBE=0.3 #in volt(For Ge)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "RC=(VCC-VCE)/(IC*10**-3) #in ohm\n", + "IB=IC/Beta #in mA\n", + "RB=(VCC-VBE-Beta*(IB*10**-3)*RC)/(IB*10**-3) #in Ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "Beta=50 #unitless\n", + "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB+Beta*RC) #in mA\n", + "IC=Beta*IB #in Ampere\n", + "VCE=VCC-IC*RC #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Value of RB in kOhm : %.0f\"%(RB/1000))\n", + "print(\"New operating point is %.1f V,%.1f mA\"%(VCE,IC*10**3))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "To set the required operating point, value of RB will be find out.\n", + "Value of RB in kOhm : 770\n", + "New operating point is 9.6 V,0.6 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 138 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.15, Page No. 93" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of IC\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=50.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=10.0 #in kohm\n", + "RE=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#calaculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "VBE=0.1 #in volt\n", + "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n", + "IC1=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*1000) #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "VBE=0.3 #in volt\n", + "IC2=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*1000) #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"At VBE=0.1V, Value of IC in mA : %.1f\"%(IC1*1000))\n", + "print(\"At VBE=0.3V, Value of IC in mA : %.1f\"%(IC2*1000))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "At VBE=0.1V, Value of IC in mA : 1.9\n", + "At VBE=0.3V, Value of IC in mA : 1.7\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 139 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.16, Page No.94" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Operating point and stability factor\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=10.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=5.0 #in kohm\n", + "RE=2.0 #in kohm\n", + "RC=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n", + "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n", + "VBE=0.7 #in volt\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "#Formula : VBE=VBBdash-IB*RBdash-IE*RE\n", + "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n", + "IE=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "IC=IE #in mA\n", + "#Formula : VCC=IC*RC+VCE+IE*RE\n", + "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-IE*RE*10**3 #in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "RBdash=(R1*R2/(R1+R2)) #in kOhm\n", + "S=(Beta+1)/(1+Beta*(RE/(RBdash+RE)))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"IB is ver small : VBE=VBBdash-IE*RE\")\n", + "print(\"As base current is very small IC=IE\\n\")\n", + "print(\"Operating point is %.3f V, %.3f mA\\n\"%(VCE,IC*10**3))\n", + "print(\"Staility factor S is : %.2f\"%(S))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IB is ver small : VBE=VBBdash-IE*RE\n", + "As base current is very small IC=IE\n", + "\n", + "Operating point is 7.050 V, 1.650 mA\n", + "\n", + "Staility factor S is : 2.62\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.17, Page No. 97" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#IC and VCE\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=200.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=100.0 #in kohm\n", + "RE=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "RC=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "VCC=9.0 #in volt\n", + "he=2.0 #in kohm\n", + "hfe=100.0 #unitless\n", + "hoe=0.0 #unitless\n", + "hre=0.0 #unitless\n", + "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "RB=R1*R2/(R1+R2) #in kohm\n", + "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n", + "#Applying Kirchoff Law \n", + "IB=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RB*10**3+RE*10**3*(1+hfe)) #in Ampere\n", + "IC=hfe*IB #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "#Applying Kirchoff Law \n", + "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-RE*1063*IB*(hfe+1) #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Value of IC in mA : %.2f\"%(IC*10**3))\n", + "print(\"VCE in volt :%.3f\"%VCE)\n", + "#Note : Ans of VCE is wrong in the book as VCC=10 V has been taken instead of 9 volt." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of IC in mA : 1.37\n", + "VCE in volt :6.155\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.18, Page No.99" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Region of Q point\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "RB=50.0 #in kohm\n", + "RC=3.0 #in kohm\n", + "VCC=10.0 #in volt\n", + "VEE=5.0 #in volt\n", + "hfe=100.0 #unitless\n", + "VCEsat=0.2 #in volt \n", + "VBEsat=0.8 #in volt\n", + "VBEactive=0.7 #in volt\n", + "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "\n", + "#Applying : Kirchoff 2nd Law : VEE-RB*IB-VBE=0\n", + "IB=(VEE-VBE)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "IC=hfe*IB #in Ampere \n", + "#Applying Kirchoff 2nd Law to collector-emitter loop: VCC-IC*RC-VCB-VBEactive=0\n", + "VCB=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-VBEactive #in volt:\n", + "IB=(VEE-VBEsat)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "IC=(VCC-VCEsat)/(RC*10**3);\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Collector to base voltage, VCB :%.1fV\"%VCB)\n", + "print(\"\\nThis shows that the base collector junction is forward biased. This implies that the transistor is in saturation region.\")\n", + "print(\"\\nValue of IB in mA :%.3f\"%(IB*10**3))\n", + "print(\"\\nValue of IC in mA :%.2f\"%(IC*10**3))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Collector to base voltage, VCB :-16.5V\n", + "\n", + "This shows that the base collector junction is forward biased. This implies that the transistor is in saturation region.\n", + "\n", + "Value of IB in mA :0.084\n", + "\n", + "Value of IC in mA :3.27\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 142 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.19, Page No.100" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Voltage across RE\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "VCC=20.0 #in volt\n", + "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n", + "Beta=50.0 #unitless\n", + "RE=200.0 #in ohm\n", + "R1=60.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=30.0 #in kohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "V2=VCC*R2/(R1+R2) #in volt\n", + "VEO=V2-VBE #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Voltage across RE in volt : %.2f\"%VEO)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage across RE in volt : 5.97\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b6f3fd83 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,904 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter No.2: Bipolar junction Transistors(BJTs)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.1 , Page No. 63" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Current amplification factors\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "deltaIB=50.0 #in uA\n", + "deltaIC=1.0 #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltaIC=deltaIC*10**3 #in uA\n", + "Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB #unitless\n", + "Alfa=Beta/(1+Beta) #unittless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Current Amplification Factor,Beta :%.0f\"%Beta)\n", + "print(\"Current Amplification Factor,Alfa :%.3f or 20/21\"%(Alfa))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current Amplification Factor,Beta :20\n", + "Current Amplification Factor,Alfa :0.952 or 20/21\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.2, Page No.63" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of IE\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable Declaration\n", + "IB=25.0 #in uA\n", + "Beta=40.0 #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "IC=Beta*IB #in uA\n", + "IE=IB+IC #in uA\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"The value of IE : %.0f micro Ampere\"%IE)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value of IE : 1025 micro Ampere\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 127 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.3, page No.63" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Change in collector current\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "alfa=0.98 #unitless\n", + "deltaIB=0.2 #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Beta=alfa/(1-alfa) #unitless\n", + "deltaIC=Beta*deltaIB #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Change in collector curent :%.0f mA \"% (deltaIC))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Change in collector curent :10 mA \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 128 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.4, Page No.64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#nput current in CE and CB configuration\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Beta=45 #unitless\n", + "RL=1.0 #in kOhm\n", + "deltaVCE=1 #in volt\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "#(i)\n", + "IC=deltaVCE/(RL*1000) #in Ampere\n", + "#Formula : Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB\n", + "IB=IC/Beta #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#(ii)\n", + "IC=deltaVCE/(RL*1000) #in Ampere\n", + "#Formula : Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB\n", + "IE=IB+IC #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Part (i) : CE coniguration\\n\")\n", + "print(\"Input Base Current, IB in mA :%.3f \"%(IB*10**3))\n", + "print(\"\\nPart (ii) : CB coniguration\\n\")\n", + "print(\"Input Emitter Current, IE in mA :%.3f \"%(IE*10**3))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part (i) : CE coniguration\n", + "\n", + "Input Base Current, IB in mA :0.022 \n", + "\n", + "Part (ii) : CB coniguration\n", + "\n", + "Input Emitter Current, IE in mA :1.022 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.5, Page No.64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Current gain and base current\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Ileakage=12.5 #in uA\n", + "ICBO=12.5 #in uA\n", + "IE=2 #in mA\n", + "IC=1.97 #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#Formula : IC=alfa*IE+ICBO\n", + "alfa=(IC-ICBO/10**3)/IE #unitless\n", + "IB=IE-IC #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Current Gain : %.3f\"%(math.floor(alfa*1000)/1000))\n", + "print(\"Base current in mA : %.2f\"%IB)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current Gain : 0.978\n", + "Base current in mA : 0.03\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 130 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.6, Page No.64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Input resistance of transistor\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "deltaVBE=200.0 #in mVolt\n", + "deltaIB=100 #in uA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ri=deltaVBE*10**-3/(deltaIB*10**-6) #in Ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Input resistane of transistor in kohm :%.0f\"%(ri/1000))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input resistane of transistor in kohm :2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 131 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.7, Page No.64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Dynamic input resistance\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "deltaVEB=200.0 #in mVolt\n", + "deltaIE=5.0 #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ri=deltaVEB*10**-3/(deltaIE*10**-3) #in Ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Input resistane of transistor in Ohm :%.0f\"%ri)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input resistane of transistor in Ohm :40\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 132 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.9, Page No.72" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Current gain input resistance and voltage gain\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Ri=500.0 #in Ohm\n", + "RL=1.0 #in kOhm\n", + "hie=1.0 #in kOhm\n", + "hre=2.0*10**-4 #unitless\n", + "hfe=50.0 #unitless\n", + "hoe=25.0 #micro mho\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Part (a) :\n", + "Ai=-hfe/(1+hoe*10**-6*RL*10**3) #unitless\n", + "#Part (b) :\n", + "Rin=(hie*10**3)-(hre*hfe/((hoe*10**-6)+1/(RL*10**3))) #in Ohm\n", + "#Part (c) :\n", + "Av=Ai*RL*10**3/Ri #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"(a)\\nCurrent Gain :%.1f \"%Ai)\n", + "print(\"(b)\\nInput Resistance in Ohm :%.2f\"%Rin)\n", + "print(\"(c)\\nVoltage Gain :%.1f \"%Av)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(a)\n", + "Current Gain :-48.8 \n", + "(b)\n", + "Input Resistance in Ohm :990.24\n", + "(c)\n", + "Voltage Gain :-97.6 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 133 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.10, Page No.78" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Collector emitter saturation voltage\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "alfaF=0.99 #unitless\n", + "alfaR=0.20 #unitless\n", + "IC=1.0 #in mA\n", + "IB=50.0 #in micro Ampere\n", + "T=300 #in kelvin\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23 #Boltzman constant\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #in cooulamb\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Vth=k*T/e #in Volt\n", + "VCEsat=Vth*math.log(((IC*10**-3*(1-alfaR)+IB*10**-6)*alfaF)/((alfaF*IB*10**-6-(1-alfaF)*IC*10**-3)*alfaR))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Collector-Emitter saturation voltage in volt :%.3f\"%VCEsat)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Collector-Emitter saturation voltage in volt :0.121\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 134 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.11, Page No.78" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Relative size of collector junction\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "IES=10**-14 #in A\n", + "alfaF=1 #unitless\n", + "alfaR=0.1 #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Formula : alfaF*IES=alfaR*ICS\n", + "ICS=(alfaF/alfaR)*IES #in Ampere\n", + "RelativeSize=ICS/IES #unitless\n", + "BetaR=alfaR/(1-alfaR) #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Collector base junction saturation current in Ampere : %.1f * 10^-12\"%(ICS*10**12))\n", + "print(\"\\nCollector is %.0f times larger in size than emitter\"%RelativeSize)\n", + "print(\"\\nValue of BetaR :%.2f \"%BetaR)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Collector base junction saturation current in Ampere : 0.1 * 10^-12\n", + "\n", + "Collector is 10 times larger in size than emitter\n", + "\n", + "Value of BetaR :0.11 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 135 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.12, Page No.87" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#DC load line and operating point\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Beta=100 #unitless\n", + "VCC=6 #in volt\n", + "RB=530 #in kOhm\n", + "RC=2 #in kOhm\n", + "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "IC1=0 #in A\n", + "VCE1=VCC-IC1*RC #in volt\n", + "#If VCE=0 #in volt\n", + "VCE2=0 #in volt\n", + "IC2=VCC/RC #in Ampere\n", + "################------------PLOT------------#############\n", + "t = arange(0.0001,6 , 0.0005)\n", + "t2 = arange(0.0001, 4, 0.0005)\n", + "a=arange(0.001,1,0.0005)\n", + "x=(4*a)/a\n", + "plot(t2,1*t2/t2,'--')\n", + "plot(x,a,'--')\n", + "plot(t,(3-0.5*t),'b')\n", + "text(4,1.1,'Q(4,1)')\n", + "text(0.1,3.05,'A')\n", + "text(6.05,0.1,'B')\n", + "xlabel('VCE(in volts)')\n", + "ylabel('IC(in mA)')\n", + "title('DC load line')\n", + "#########---------------------------------------##########\n", + "#Formula : VCC=VBE+IB*RB\n", + "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "IC=Beta*IB;#in Ampere\n", + "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3 #in volt\n", + "print(\"Q point coordinates are :\");\n", + "print(\"IC=%.1f mA and VCE=%.1f Volt.\"%((IC*10**3),(VCE)))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Q point coordinates are :\n", + "IC=1.0 mA and VCE=4.0 Volt.\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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CIDcXSEwEhgxpejwX0SMiQXGtJOOjr3kPojaGjIwM9OnTB71798bq1au1jlm0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\nBjYGIiLSwMZAREQa/h97CqXc/zL3NgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n", + "text": [ + "" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 178 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.13, Page No. 88" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#RB and new value of IC\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n", + "IC=1.0 #in mA\n", + "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n", + "VBE=0.3 #in volt(For Ge)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "IB=IC/Beta #in mA\n", + "#Formula : VCC=VBE+IB*RB\n", + "RB=(VCC-VBE)/(IB*10**-3) #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#part (ii)\n", + "Beta=50 #unitless\n", + "IB=(VCC-VBE)/RB #in Ampere\n", + "IC=Beta*IB #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Resistance RB in kOhm : %.0f\"%(RB/10**3))\n", + "print(\"Zero signal IC in mA:%.1f\"%(IC*10**3))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistance RB in kOhm : 1170\n", + "Zero signal IC in mA:0.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 137 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.14, Page No.88" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Set the operating point\n", + "import math\n", + "print(\"To set the required operating point, value of RB will be find out.\")\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "IC=1.0 #in mA\n", + "VCE=8.0 #in volt\n", + "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n", + "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n", + "VBE=0.3 #in volt(For Ge)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "RC=(VCC-VCE)/(IC*10**-3) #in ohm\n", + "IB=IC/Beta #in mA\n", + "RB=(VCC-VBE-Beta*(IB*10**-3)*RC)/(IB*10**-3) #in Ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "Beta=50 #unitless\n", + "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB+Beta*RC) #in mA\n", + "IC=Beta*IB #in Ampere\n", + "VCE=VCC-IC*RC #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Value of RB in kOhm : %.0f\"%(RB/1000))\n", + "print(\"New operating point is %.1f V,%.1f mA\"%(VCE,IC*10**3))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "To set the required operating point, value of RB will be find out.\n", + "Value of RB in kOhm : 770\n", + "New operating point is 9.6 V,0.6 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 138 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.15, Page No. 93" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of IC\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=50.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=10.0 #in kohm\n", + "RE=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#calaculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "VBE=0.1 #in volt\n", + "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n", + "IC1=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*1000) #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "VBE=0.3 #in volt\n", + "IC2=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*1000) #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"At VBE=0.1V, Value of IC in mA : %.1f\"%(IC1*1000))\n", + "print(\"At VBE=0.3V, Value of IC in mA : %.1f\"%(IC2*1000))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "At VBE=0.1V, Value of IC in mA : 1.9\n", + "At VBE=0.3V, Value of IC in mA : 1.7\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 139 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.16, Page No.94" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Operating point and stability factor\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=10.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=5.0 #in kohm\n", + "RE=2.0 #in kohm\n", + "RC=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n", + "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n", + "VBE=0.7 #in volt\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "#Formula : VBE=VBBdash-IB*RBdash-IE*RE\n", + "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n", + "IE=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "IC=IE #in mA\n", + "#Formula : VCC=IC*RC+VCE+IE*RE\n", + "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-IE*RE*10**3 #in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "RBdash=(R1*R2/(R1+R2)) #in kOhm\n", + "S=(Beta+1)/(1+Beta*(RE/(RBdash+RE)))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"IB is ver small : VBE=VBBdash-IE*RE\")\n", + "print(\"As base current is very small IC=IE\\n\")\n", + "print(\"Operating point is %.3f V, %.3f mA\\n\"%(VCE,IC*10**3))\n", + "print(\"Staility factor S is : %.2f\"%(S))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IB is ver small : VBE=VBBdash-IE*RE\n", + "As base current is very small IC=IE\n", + "\n", + "Operating point is 7.050 V, 1.650 mA\n", + "\n", + "Staility factor S is : 2.62\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.17, Page No. 97" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#IC and VCE\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=200.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=100.0 #in kohm\n", + "RE=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "RC=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "VCC=9.0 #in volt\n", + "he=2.0 #in kohm\n", + "hfe=100.0 #unitless\n", + "hoe=0.0 #unitless\n", + "hre=0.0 #unitless\n", + "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "RB=R1*R2/(R1+R2) #in kohm\n", + "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n", + "#Applying Kirchoff Law \n", + "IB=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RB*10**3+RE*10**3*(1+hfe)) #in Ampere\n", + "IC=hfe*IB #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "#Applying Kirchoff Law \n", + "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-RE*1063*IB*(hfe+1) #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Value of IC in mA : %.2f\"%(IC*10**3))\n", + "print(\"VCE in volt :%.3f\"%VCE)\n", + "#Note : Ans of VCE is wrong in the book as VCC=10 V has been taken instead of 9 volt." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of IC in mA : 1.37\n", + "VCE in volt :6.155\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.18, Page No.99" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Region of Q point\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "RB=50.0 #in kohm\n", + "RC=3.0 #in kohm\n", + "VCC=10.0 #in volt\n", + "VEE=5.0 #in volt\n", + "hfe=100.0 #unitless\n", + "VCEsat=0.2 #in volt \n", + "VBEsat=0.8 #in volt\n", + "VBEactive=0.7 #in volt\n", + "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "\n", + "#Applying : Kirchoff 2nd Law : VEE-RB*IB-VBE=0\n", + "IB=(VEE-VBE)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "IC=hfe*IB #in Ampere \n", + "#Applying Kirchoff 2nd Law to collector-emitter loop: VCC-IC*RC-VCB-VBEactive=0\n", + "VCB=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-VBEactive #in volt:\n", + "IB=(VEE-VBEsat)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "IC=(VCC-VCEsat)/(RC*10**3);\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Collector to base voltage, VCB :%.1fV\"%VCB)\n", + "print(\"\\nThis shows that the base collector junction is forward biased. This implies that the transistor is in saturation region.\")\n", + "print(\"\\nValue of IB in mA :%.3f\"%(IB*10**3))\n", + "print(\"\\nValue of IC in mA :%.2f\"%(IC*10**3))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Collector to base voltage, VCB :-16.5V\n", + "\n", + "This shows that the base collector junction is forward biased. This implies that the transistor is in saturation region.\n", + "\n", + "Value of IB in mA :0.084\n", + "\n", + "Value of IC in mA :3.27\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 142 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 2.19, Page No.100" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Voltage across RE\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "VCC=20.0 #in volt\n", + "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n", + "Beta=50.0 #unitless\n", + "RE=200.0 #in ohm\n", + "R1=60.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=30.0 #in kohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "V2=VCC*R2/(R1+R2) #in volt\n", + "VEO=V2-VBE #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Voltage across RE in volt : %.2f\"%VEO)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage across RE in volt : 5.97\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d59f3fb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,727 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 3:Transistor Amplifiers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 3.1, page No.117" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Gain Impedence and ac load\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "ib=10.0 #in uA\n", + "ic=1.0 #in mA\n", + "ic=ic*10**3 #in uA\n", + "vi=0.02 #in Volt\n", + "RC=5.0 #in kohm\n", + "RL=10.0 #in kohm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "Ai=-ic/ib #unitless\n", + "Beta=Ai #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "Rie=vi/(ib*10**-6) #in Ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Part (iii)\n", + "Rac=RC*RL/(RC+RL) #in kohm\n", + "\n", + "#Part (iv)\n", + "Av=-Rac*10**3*Beta/Rie #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Part (v)\n", + "PowerGain=Av*Ai #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"(i)\\tCurrent gain : %.2f\"%Ai)\n", + "print(\"(ii)\\tInput impedence in kohm :%.0f\"%(Rie*10**-3))\n", + "print(\"(iii)\\tAC load in kohm : %.1f\"%Rac)\n", + "print(\"(iv)\\tVoltage gain :%.3f\"%Av)\n", + "print(\"(v)\\tPower Gain is : %.3f\"%PowerGain)\n", + "#Note : Ans of Av and Power gain is wrong in the book." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(i)\tCurrent gain : -100.00\n", + "(ii)\tInput impedence in kohm :2\n", + "(iii)\tAC load in kohm : 3.3\n", + "(iv)\tVoltage gain :166.667\n", + "(v)\tPower Gain is : -16666.667\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 3.2, page No.125" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Gain input and output impedence\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Varible declaration\n", + "RL=10.0 #in kohm\n", + "RS=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "hie=1.1 #in kOhm\n", + "hre=2.5*10**-4 #unitless\n", + "hfe=50.0 #unitless\n", + "hoe=25.0 #in u mho\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "Aie=-hfe/(1+hoe*10**-6*RL*10**3)#unitless\n", + "Zie=hie+hre*Aie*RL #in kOhm\n", + "Zie=math.ceil(Zie)\n", + "Ave=Aie*RL/Zie #unitless\n", + "Avs_e=Ave*Zie/(Zie+RS)\n", + "deltah=hoe*10**-6*hie*10**3-hfe*hre\n", + "Zoe=(hie*10**3+RS*10**3)/(hoe*10**-6*RS*10**3+deltah)\n", + "Ais_e=Aie*RS/(Zie+RS)\n", + "Ape=Ave*Aie\n", + "Aps_e=Avs_e*Ais_e\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Current gain :%.0f \"%Aie)\n", + "print(\"\\nCurrent gain with source resistance : %.0f\"%Ais_e)\n", + "print(\"\\nVoltage gain : %.0f\"%Ave)\n", + "print(\"\\nVoltage gain with source resistance : %.0f\"%Avs_e)\n", + "print(\"\\nPower gain :%.0f \"%Ape)\n", + "print(\"\\nPower gain with source resistance :%.0f \"%Aps_e)\n", + "print(\"\\nInput impedence in kohm :%.1f\"%Zie)\n", + "print(\"\\nOutput impedence in kohm :%.1f\"%(Zoe/10**3))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current gain :-40 \n", + "\n", + "Current gain with source resistance : -20\n", + "\n", + "Voltage gain : -400\n", + "\n", + "Voltage gain with source resistance : -200\n", + "\n", + "Power gain :16000 \n", + "\n", + "Power gain with source resistance :4000 \n", + "\n", + "Input impedence in kohm :1.0\n", + "\n", + "Output impedence in kohm :52.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 3.3, Page No. 126" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Input Output impedence and output voltage\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "InputVoltage=1.0 #in mV\n", + "RL=5.6 #in kohm\n", + "RS=600.0 #in ohm\n", + "hre=6.5*10**-4 #unitless\n", + "hie=1.7 #in kOhm\n", + "hfe=125.0 #unitless\n", + "hoe=80.0 #in uA/V\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltah=hoe*10**-6*hie*10**3-hfe*hre\n", + "Zie=(hie*10**3+RL*10**3*deltah)/(1+hoe*10**-6*RL*10**3)\n", + "Zoe=(hie*10**3+RS)/(hoe*10**-6*RS+deltah)\n", + "Ave=-(hfe*RL*10**3)/(hie*10**3+RL*10**3*deltah)\n", + "Avs_e=Ave*Zie/(Zie+RS)\n", + "OutputVoltage=Avs_e*InputVoltage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Input impedence in kohm :%.3f\"%(Zie/1000))\n", + "print(\"Output impedence in kohm :%.3f\"%(Zoe/10**3))\n", + "print(\"Voltage gain : %.3f\"%Ave)\n", + "print(\"Voltage gain with source resistance : %.3f\"%Avs_e)\n", + "print(\"Output Voltage in mV :%.3f \"%OutputVoltage)\n", + "#Note : Answers are wrong in the book." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input impedence in kohm :1.386\n", + "Output impedence in kohm :22.384\n", + "Voltage gain : -348.849\n", + "Voltage gain with source resistance : -243.444\n", + "Output Voltage in mV :-243.444 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 3.4, Page no.129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Net voltage gain in dB\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A1=100.0 #unitless\n", + "A2=200.0 #unitless\n", + "A3=400.0 #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "A1=20*math.log10(A1) #in dB\n", + "A2=20*math.log10(A2) #in dB\n", + "A3=20*math.log10(A3) #in dB\n", + "NetVoltageGain=A1+A2+A3 #in dB\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Net Voltage Gain in decibels :%.3f\"%NetVoltageGain)\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Net Voltage Gain in decibels :138.062\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 3.5, Page No.129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Bandwidth and cut off frequencies \n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "MaxGain=1000.0 #unitless(at 2kHz)\n", + "f1=50.0 #in Hz\n", + "f2=10.0 #in KHz\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Bandwidth is from %.0f Hz to %.0f kHz\"%(f1,f2))\n", + "print(\"Lower cutoff frequency %.0f Hz\"%f1)\n", + "print(\"Upper cutoff frequency %.0f kHz\"%f2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Bandwidth is from 50 Hz to 10 kHz\n", + "Lower cutoff frequency 50 Hz\n", + "Upper cutoff frequency 10 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 3.6, Page No.137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Overall voltage gain\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "RC=10.0 #in kohm\n", + "hfe=330.0 #unitless\n", + "hie=4.5 #in kOhm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#RS<>RL\")\n", + "print(\"Voltage amplification : %.0f\"%Av)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "assuming rd>>RL\n", + "Voltage amplification : 20\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 6.6, Page No.224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Output voltage of amplifier\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "RL=20.0 #in Kohm\n", + "RS=1.0 #in Kohm\n", + "RG=1.0 #in Mohm\n", + "Cs=25.0*10**-6 #in uF\n", + "mu=20.0 #unitless\n", + "rd=100.0 #in Kohm\n", + "Vs=2.0 #in Volt\n", + "f=1.0*10**3 #in KHz\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "Xc=1/(2*math.pi*f*Cs) #in Ohm\n", + "Av=mu*RL/(rd+RL) #unitless\n", + "Vo=Av*Vs #in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Xc in Ohm : %.1f\"%(math.floor(Xc*10)/10))\n", + "print(\"As Xc<" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 6.11, Page No.234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Channel width W\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "L=1.25 #in um\n", + "mu_n=0.065 #in m^2/V-s\n", + "Cox=6.9*10**-4 #in F/m^2\n", + "VT=0.65 #in Volt\n", + "ID_sat=4 #in mA\n", + "VGS=5 #in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "#Formula : ID_sat=W*mu_n*Cox*(VGS-VT)^2/(2*L)\n", + "W=ID_sat*10**-3*2*L*10**-6/(mu_n*Cox*(VGS-VT)**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Channel Width in micro meter :%.1f\"%(W*10**6))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Channel Width in micro meter :11.8\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..0b55fc7f --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,458 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 6: Field Effect Transistors and MOSFETs" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 6.1, Page No.219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of Transconductance\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "VGS1=-3.1 #in Volt\n", + "VGS2=-3 #in Volt\n", + "ID1=1 #in mA\n", + "ID2=1.3 #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "delVGS=VGS2-VGS1 #in Volts\n", + "delID=ID2-ID1 #in mA\n", + "gm=delID*10**-3/delVGS #in mhos\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Transconductance in mhos : %.3f\"%gm)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Transconductance in mhos : 0.003\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 6.2, Page No.219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#AC drain resistance transconductance and amplification factor\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "VGS1=0 #in Volt\n", + "VGS2=0 #in Volt\n", + "VGS3=-0.2 #in Volt\n", + "VDS1=7 #in Volt\n", + "VDS2=15 #in Volt\n", + "VDS3=15 #in Volt\n", + "ID1=10 #in mA\n", + "ID2=10.25 #in mA\n", + "ID3=9.65 #in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "delVDS=VDS2-VDS1 #in Volts\n", + "delID=ID2-ID1 #in mA\n", + "rd=delVDS/delID #in Kohm\n", + "delVGS=VGS3-VGS2 #in Volts\n", + "delID=ID3-ID2 #in mA\n", + "gm=delID*10**-3/delVGS #in mhos\n", + "mu=rd*10**3*gm #unitless\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Result \n", + "print(\"AC drain resistance in Kohm : %.0f\"%rd)\n", + "print(\"Transconductance in mhos : %.3f\"%gm)\n", + "print(\"Amplification factor : %.0f\"%mu)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "AC drain resistance in Kohm : 32\n", + "Transconductance in mhos : 0.003\n", + "Amplification factor : 96\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 6.5, Pae No.224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Voltage Amplification\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "gm=2 #in milli-mho\n", + "RL=10 #in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Av=gm*10**-3*RL*10**3 #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"assuming rd>>RL\")\n", + "print(\"Voltage amplification : %.0f\"%Av)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "assuming rd>>RL\n", + "Voltage amplification : 20\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 6.6, Page No.224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Output voltage of amplifier\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "RL=20.0 #in Kohm\n", + "RS=1.0 #in Kohm\n", + "RG=1.0 #in Mohm\n", + "Cs=25.0*10**-6 #in uF\n", + "mu=20.0 #unitless\n", + "rd=100.0 #in Kohm\n", + "Vs=2.0 #in Volt\n", + "f=1.0*10**3 #in KHz\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "Xc=1/(2*math.pi*f*Cs) #in Ohm\n", + "Av=mu*RL/(rd+RL) #unitless\n", + "Vo=Av*Vs #in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Xc in Ohm : %.1f\"%(math.floor(Xc*10)/10))\n", + "print(\"As Xc<" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 6.11, Page No.234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Channel width W\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "L=1.25 #in um\n", + "mu_n=0.065 #in m^2/V-s\n", + "Cox=6.9*10**-4 #in F/m^2\n", + "VT=0.65 #in Volt\n", + "ID_sat=4 #in mA\n", + "VGS=5 #in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "#Formula : ID_sat=W*mu_n*Cox*(VGS-VT)^2/(2*L)\n", + "W=ID_sat*10**-3*2*L*10**-6/(mu_n*Cox*(VGS-VT)**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Channel Width in micro meter :%.1f\"%(W*10**6))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Channel Width in micro meter :11.8\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..141aa7dd --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 7: Magnetic Materials" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 7.1, Page No.252" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Horizontal component of magnetic Intensity\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Bo=1.7*10**-5 #in weber/m^2\n", + "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "H=Bo/meu_o #in A/m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Horizontal component of magnetic filed intensity in A/m : %.1f\"%H);" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Horizontal component of magnetic filed intensity in A/m : 13.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "exammple 7.2, Page No. 252" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Current through solenoid\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable Declaration\n", + "H=5*10**3 #in Ampere-turns/m\n", + "l=10 #in cm\n", + "l=l*10**-2 #in meter\n", + "N=50 #no. of turns\n", + "n=N/l #no. of turns per unit length\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#Formula : H=n*i\n", + "i=H/n #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Current should be sent through solenoid in Ampere : %.0f\"%i)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current should be sent through solenoid in Ampere : 10\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 7.3, page no.252" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Magnetic moment of rod\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "meu_r=1000 #relative permeability\n", + "n=5 #turns/cm\n", + "n=n*10**2 #turns/meter\n", + "i=0.5 #in Ampere\n", + "Volume=10**-4 #in m^3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "I=(meu_r-1)*n*i #in Ampere\n", + "MagneticMoment=I*Volume #in Ameter^2\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Magnetic moment of the rod in Ampere-meter^2 : %.0f\"%(math.ceil(MagneticMoment)))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetic moment of the rod in Ampere-meter^2 : 25\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 7.4, Page No.253" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Flux density magnetic intensity and permeability\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable Declaration\n", + "l=30 #in cm\n", + "l=l*10**-2 #in meter\n", + "A=1 #in cm^2\n", + "A=A*10**-4 #in meter^2\n", + "N=300 #turns of wire\n", + "i=0.032 #in Ampere\n", + "FI_B=2*10**-6 #in weber\n", + "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "B=FI_B/A #in weber/meter^2\n", + "H=N*i/l #in amp-turn/meter\n", + "meu=B/H #in weber/Amp-meter\n", + "meu_r=meu/meu_o #Relative Permeability\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Flux Density in weber/meter^2 :%.2f \"%B)\n", + "print(\"\\nmagnetic Intensity in amp-turn/meter : %.0f\"%H)\n", + "print(\"\\nPermeability in weber/amp-meter :%.2f *10^-4\"%(meu*10**4))\n", + "print(\"\\nRelative Permeability :%.3f \"%meu_r)\n", + "#Answer of relative permeability is wrong in the book." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Flux Density in weber/meter^2 :0.02 \n", + "\n", + "magnetic Intensity in amp-turn/meter : 32\n", + "\n", + "Permeability in weber/amp-meter :6.25 *10^-4\n", + "\n", + "Relative Permeability :497.359 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 7.5, Page No.253" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Relative Permeability\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Xci_m=9.48*10**-9 #usceptibility of medium(unitless)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "meu_r=1+Xci_m #relative permeability(unitless)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Relative Permeability : %.2f * 10^-9\\n\"%(meu_r*10**9));\n", + "print(\"i.e, Relative Permeability is sligtly greater than 1.\");" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Relative Permeability : 1000000009.48 * 10^-9\n", + "\n", + "i.e, Relative Permeability is sligtly greater than 1.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 7.6, page No.253" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Magnetising Force and material magnetisation\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declarationm\n", + "n=10 #turns/cm\n", + "n=n*10**2 #turns/meter\n", + "i=2 #in Ampere\n", + "B=1 #in weber/meter^2\n", + "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "H=n*i #in amp-turn/meter\n", + "#Formula : B=meu_o*(H+I)\n", + "I=B/meu_o-H #in amp-turn/meter\n", + "meu_r=B/(meu_o*H) #relative permeability(unitless)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Magnetising Force in amp-turn/meter :%.0f \"%H)\n", + "print(\"\\nMagn etisation of material in amp-turn/meter %.2f * 10^5:\"%(math.ceil(I/10**3)/100))\n", + "print(\"\\nRelative Permeability : %.0f\"%(math.floor(meu_r)))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetising Force in amp-turn/meter :2000 \n", + "\n", + "Magn etisation of material in amp-turn/meter 7.94 * 10^5:\n", + "\n", + "Relative Permeability : 397\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..141aa7dd --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 7: Magnetic Materials" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 7.1, Page No.252" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Horizontal component of magnetic Intensity\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Bo=1.7*10**-5 #in weber/m^2\n", + "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "H=Bo/meu_o #in A/m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Horizontal component of magnetic filed intensity in A/m : %.1f\"%H);" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Horizontal component of magnetic filed intensity in A/m : 13.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "exammple 7.2, Page No. 252" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Current through solenoid\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable Declaration\n", + "H=5*10**3 #in Ampere-turns/m\n", + "l=10 #in cm\n", + "l=l*10**-2 #in meter\n", + "N=50 #no. of turns\n", + "n=N/l #no. of turns per unit length\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#Formula : H=n*i\n", + "i=H/n #in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Current should be sent through solenoid in Ampere : %.0f\"%i)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current should be sent through solenoid in Ampere : 10\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 7.3, page no.252" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Magnetic moment of rod\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "meu_r=1000 #relative permeability\n", + "n=5 #turns/cm\n", + "n=n*10**2 #turns/meter\n", + "i=0.5 #in Ampere\n", + "Volume=10**-4 #in m^3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "I=(meu_r-1)*n*i #in Ampere\n", + "MagneticMoment=I*Volume #in Ameter^2\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Magnetic moment of the rod in Ampere-meter^2 : %.0f\"%(math.ceil(MagneticMoment)))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetic moment of the rod in Ampere-meter^2 : 25\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 7.4, Page No.253" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Flux density magnetic intensity and permeability\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable Declaration\n", + "l=30 #in cm\n", + "l=l*10**-2 #in meter\n", + "A=1 #in cm^2\n", + "A=A*10**-4 #in meter^2\n", + "N=300 #turns of wire\n", + "i=0.032 #in Ampere\n", + "FI_B=2*10**-6 #in weber\n", + "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "B=FI_B/A #in weber/meter^2\n", + "H=N*i/l #in amp-turn/meter\n", + "meu=B/H #in weber/Amp-meter\n", + "meu_r=meu/meu_o #Relative Permeability\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Flux Density in weber/meter^2 :%.2f \"%B)\n", + "print(\"\\nmagnetic Intensity in amp-turn/meter : %.0f\"%H)\n", + "print(\"\\nPermeability in weber/amp-meter :%.2f *10^-4\"%(meu*10**4))\n", + "print(\"\\nRelative Permeability :%.3f \"%meu_r)\n", + "#Answer of relative permeability is wrong in the book." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Flux Density in weber/meter^2 :0.02 \n", + "\n", + "magnetic Intensity in amp-turn/meter : 32\n", + "\n", + "Permeability in weber/amp-meter :6.25 *10^-4\n", + "\n", + "Relative Permeability :497.359 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 7.5, Page No.253" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Relative Permeability\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Xci_m=9.48*10**-9 #usceptibility of medium(unitless)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "meu_r=1+Xci_m #relative permeability(unitless)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Relative Permeability : %.2f * 10^-9\\n\"%(meu_r*10**9));\n", + "print(\"i.e, Relative Permeability is sligtly greater than 1.\");" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Relative Permeability : 1000000009.48 * 10^-9\n", + "\n", + "i.e, Relative Permeability is sligtly greater than 1.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 7.6, page No.253" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Magnetising Force and material magnetisation\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declarationm\n", + "n=10 #turns/cm\n", + "n=n*10**2 #turns/meter\n", + "i=2 #in Ampere\n", + "B=1 #in weber/meter^2\n", + "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "H=n*i #in amp-turn/meter\n", + "#Formula : B=meu_o*(H+I)\n", + "I=B/meu_o-H #in amp-turn/meter\n", + "meu_r=B/(meu_o*H) #relative permeability(unitless)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Magnetising Force in amp-turn/meter :%.0f \"%H)\n", + "print(\"\\nMagn etisation of material in amp-turn/meter %.2f * 10^5:\"%(math.ceil(I/10**3)/100))\n", + "print(\"\\nRelative Permeability : %.0f\"%(math.floor(meu_r)))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Magnetising Force in amp-turn/meter :2000 \n", + "\n", + "Magn etisation of material in amp-turn/meter 7.94 * 10^5:\n", + "\n", + "Relative Permeability : 397\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..2f0f9ff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,677 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 8: Oscillators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.1, Page No.272" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#feed bck factor\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=50.0 #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "Beta=1/A #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Barkhausen criterion for oscillator : Beta*A=1\")\n", + "print(\"Feedback Factor to make oscillator : %.2f\"%Beta)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Barkhausen criterion for oscillator : Beta*A=1\n", + "Feedback Factor to make oscillator : 0.02\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.2, Page No.277" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Range of variable capacitor\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "L=100 #in uH\n", + "L=L*10**-6 #in H\n", + "f1=500.0 #in kHz\n", + "f1=f1*10**3 #in Hz\n", + "f2=1500.0 #in kHz\n", + "f2=f2*10**3 #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Formula : f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C))\n", + "C1=1/(4*math.pi**2*f1**2*L)\n", + "C2=1/(4*math.pi**2*f2**2*L)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Range of capacitor : %.0f pF to %.0f pF\"%(C2*10**12,math.ceil(C1*10**12)))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Range of capacitor : 113 pF to 1014 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.3, page No.283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#C2 of colpitt oscilator\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "L=100.0 #in mH\n", + "L=L*10**-3 #in H\n", + "C1=0.1 #in uF\n", + "C1=C1*10**-6 #in F\n", + "f=100.0*10**3 #in Hz\n", + "f=f*10**3 #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Formula : f=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))\n", + "C=1.0/(4*math.pi**2*f**2*L)\n", + "#Formula : C=C1*C2/(C1+C2)\n", + "C2=C*C1/(C1-C)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"C2 in farad : %.3f * 10^15\"%(C2*10**15))\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "C2 in farad : 0.025 * 10^15\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.4, page No. 288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Frequency of oscillation\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R=100 #in kOhm\n", + "R=R*10**3 #in Ohm\n", + "C=0.01 #in uF\n", + "C=C*10**-6 #in F\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "fo=math.sqrt(6)/(2*math.pi*R*C)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Frequency of oscillation in Hz : %.3f\"%fo)\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is not accurate." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of oscillation in Hz : 389.848\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.5, Page No.288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Amplifier voltage gain\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "print(\"Put alfa=sqrt(6) to find the gain\");\n", + "alfa=math.sqrt(6) #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Beta=1/(1-5*alfa**2);\n", + "#Barkhausen critera : A*|Beta|>=1\n", + "Beta=-Beta\n", + "A=1/Beta\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Minimum Gain of Amplifier must be :%.0f \"%A)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Put alfa=sqrt(6) to find the gain\n", + "Minimum Gain of Amplifier must be :29 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.6, Page No.292" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Frequency of oscillation and min current gain\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=50.0 #in kohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**3 #in ohm\n", + "C1=0.001 #in uF\n", + "C1=C1*10**-6 #in F\n", + "R2=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=R2*10**3 #in ohm\n", + "C2=0.01 #in uF\n", + "C2=C2*10**-6 #in F\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "#Formula : f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(C1*C2*R1*R2))\n", + "f=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(C1*C2*R1*R2))\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "CurrentGain=1+C2/C1+R1/R2\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Frequency of oscillations in kHz :%.3f \"%(f/1000.0))\n", + "print(\"Current Gain :%.0f \"%CurrentGain)\n", + "#Note:Answer for Frequency of oscillations is incorrect in the book" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of oscillations in kHz :7.118 \n", + "Current Gain :61 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.7, Page No.292" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Resistnce to cover frequency range\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "fmin=20.0 #in Hz\n", + "fmax=20.0 #in kHz\n", + "Cmin=30.0 #in pF\n", + "Cmax=300.0 #in pF\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Formula : fo=1/(2*%pi*R*C))\n", + "R=1/(2*math.pi*fmin*Cmax*10**-12)\n", + "\n", + "#To cover frequency range from 200Hz to 2kHz R should be decrease by factor of 10\n", + "R_dash = R/10.0 \n", + "#TO cover the frequency range from 2kHz to 20kHz, R should be decrease by factor of 100\n", + "R_dash_2= R/100.0\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Minimum Fequeny correspond to maximum capacitance.\")\n", + "print(\"Required resistance in Mohm : %.1f\"%(R/10**6))\n", + "print(\"\\nR_dash in MOhm = %.2f (for frequency range 200Hz to 2kHz)\"%(R_dash/10**6))\n", + "print(\"\\nR_dash_2 in kOhm = %.0f(for frequency range 2kHz to 20kHz)\"%(R_dash_2*1000//10**6))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Minimum Fequeny correspond to maximum capacitance.\n", + "Required resistance in Mohm : 26.5\n", + "\n", + "R_dash in MOhm = 2.65 (for frequency range 200Hz to 2kHz)\n", + "\n", + "R_dash_2 in kOhm = 265(for frequency range 2kHz to 20kHz)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.8, Page No.296" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Resonant Frequency\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=500.0 #in kHz\n", + "T1=50.0 #in degree C\n", + "T2=60.0 #in degree C\n", + "TC=-20.0 #in ppm/degree C\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "ChangeInFreq=TC*(f*10**-3)*(T1-T2) #in Hz\n", + "ResonantFreq=f*1000-ChangeInFreq #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Resonant frequency in kHz : %.1f\"%(ResonantFreq/1000))\n", + "#Note : answer in the book is wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resonant frequency in kHz : 499.9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.9, Page No.296" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Resonant Frequency\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declarations\n", + "f=450.0 #in kHz\n", + "T1=30.0 #in degree C\n", + "T2=50.0 #in degree C\n", + "TC=-10.0 #in ppm/degree C\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "PercentChange=-TC*100/10**6 #in %\n", + "TotalChangeInFreq=(PercentChange/100)*(f*10**3)*(T2-T1) #in Hz\n", + "ResonantFreq=f*1000-TotalChangeInFreq #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Resonant frequency in kHz :%.3f \"%(ResonantFreq/1000))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resonant frequency in kHz :449.910 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.10, Page No.297" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Parallel and series resonant frequencies\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "L=0.5 #in H\n", + "C=0.05 #in pF\n", + "R=1 #in kohm\n", + "Cm=1 #in pF\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "fs=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*C*10**-12))\n", + "fp=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt((L*C*10**-12*Cm*10**-12)/(C*10**-12+Cm*10**-12)))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Series resonant frequency in MHz :%.3f\"%(fs/10**6))\n", + "print(\"Parallel resonant frequency in MHz :%.3f\"%(fp/10**6))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Series resonant frequency in MHz :1.007\n", + "Parallel resonant frequency in MHz :1.031\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Miscellaneous example 8.1, Page No.302" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of L\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "L2=0.4 #in mH\n", + "C=0.004 #in \u00b5F\n", + "f=120 #in KHz\n", + "L1=1/(4*math.pi**2*(f*10**3)**2*C*10**-6)-L2*10**-3\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Value of L1(in mH) :%.2f\"%(L1*10**3))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of L1(in mH) :0.04\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Miscellaneous example 8.2, page No.303" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of C and hfe\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "fo=10.0 #in KHz\n", + "R1=25.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=60.0 #in kohm\n", + "Rc=40.0 #in kohm\n", + "R=7.1 #in kohm\n", + "hie=1.8 #in kohm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "C=1/(2*math.pi*fo*10**3*R*10**3*math.sqrt(6+4*Rc/R))\n", + "hfe=23+29*R/Rc+4*Rc/R\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Value of Capacitor(in nF) %.3f\"%(C*10**9))\n", + "print(\"Value of hfe is \u2265 %.3f\"%hfe)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of Capacitor(in nF) 0.420\n", + "Value of hfe is \u2265 50.683\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Miscellaneous example 8.3, Page No.303" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of Capacitor\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R=100.0 #in kohm\n", + "fo=10.0 #in KHz\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "C=1/(2*math.pi*fo*10**3*R*10**3)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Value of Capacitor(in pF) :%.0f\"%(C*10**12))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of Capacitor(in pF) :159\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Miscellaneous example 8.4, page No.304" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Various parameter of colpitt oscillator\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "L=40.0 #in mH\n", + "C1=100.0 #in pF\n", + "C2=500.0 #in pF\n", + "Vout=10.0 #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "fo=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*10**-3*C1*10**-12*C2*10**-12/(C1*10**-12+C2*10**-12)))\n", + "print(\"Frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :%.1f\"%(fo*10**-3))\n", + "Vf=Vout*C1/C2\n", + "Gain=C2/C1\n", + "Gain=10 #given\n", + "C1=C2/Gain #in pF\n", + "fo=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*10**-3*C1*10**-12*C2*10**-12/(C1*10**-12+C2*10**-12)))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print(\"Feedback voltage in volt :%.0f\"%Vf)\n", + "print(\"Minimum Gain is %.0f\"%Gain)\n", + "print(\"For a gain of 10 C1 in pF is :%.0f\"%C1)\n", + "print(\"New frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :%.3f\"%(fo*10**-3))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :87.2\n", + "Feedback voltage in volt :2\n", + "Minimum Gain is 10\n", + "For a gain of 10 C1 in pF is :50\n", + "New frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :118.032\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Miscellaneous example 8.5, Page No.305" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Resonant frequencies and Q factor\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "L=0.5 #in H\n", + "Cs=0.06 #in pF\n", + "Cp=1.0 #in pF\n", + "R=5.0 #in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "fs=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*Cs*10**-12))\n", + "Q=2*math.pi*fs*L/(R*10**3)\n", + "print(\"Seies resonance frequency(in KHz): %.1f\"%(fs/10**3))\n", + "print(\"Q-factor f the crystal at fs is %.0f\"%Q)\n", + "fp=(1/(2*math.pi))*math.sqrt((Cs*10**-12+Cp*10**-12)/(L*Cs*10**-12*Cp*10**-12))\n", + "Q=2*math.pi*fp*L/(R*10**3)\n", + "print(\"\\nSeies resonance frequency(in KHz) : %.0f\"%(fp/10**3))\n", + "print(\"Q-factor f the crystal at fs is %.0f\"%Q)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Seies resonance frequency(in KHz): 918.9\n", + "Q-factor f the crystal at fs is 577\n", + "\n", + "Seies resonance frequency(in KHz) : 946\n", + "Q-factor f the crystal at fs is 594\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..2f0f9ff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,677 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 8: Oscillators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.1, Page No.272" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#feed bck factor\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=50.0 #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "Beta=1/A #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Barkhausen criterion for oscillator : Beta*A=1\")\n", + "print(\"Feedback Factor to make oscillator : %.2f\"%Beta)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Barkhausen criterion for oscillator : Beta*A=1\n", + "Feedback Factor to make oscillator : 0.02\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.2, Page No.277" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Range of variable capacitor\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "L=100 #in uH\n", + "L=L*10**-6 #in H\n", + "f1=500.0 #in kHz\n", + "f1=f1*10**3 #in Hz\n", + "f2=1500.0 #in kHz\n", + "f2=f2*10**3 #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Formula : f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C))\n", + "C1=1/(4*math.pi**2*f1**2*L)\n", + "C2=1/(4*math.pi**2*f2**2*L)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Range of capacitor : %.0f pF to %.0f pF\"%(C2*10**12,math.ceil(C1*10**12)))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Range of capacitor : 113 pF to 1014 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.3, page No.283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#C2 of colpitt oscilator\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "L=100.0 #in mH\n", + "L=L*10**-3 #in H\n", + "C1=0.1 #in uF\n", + "C1=C1*10**-6 #in F\n", + "f=100.0*10**3 #in Hz\n", + "f=f*10**3 #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Formula : f=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))\n", + "C=1.0/(4*math.pi**2*f**2*L)\n", + "#Formula : C=C1*C2/(C1+C2)\n", + "C2=C*C1/(C1-C)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"C2 in farad : %.3f * 10^15\"%(C2*10**15))\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "C2 in farad : 0.025 * 10^15\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.4, page No. 288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Frequency of oscillation\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R=100 #in kOhm\n", + "R=R*10**3 #in Ohm\n", + "C=0.01 #in uF\n", + "C=C*10**-6 #in F\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "fo=math.sqrt(6)/(2*math.pi*R*C)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print(\"Frequency of oscillation in Hz : %.3f\"%fo)\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is not accurate." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of oscillation in Hz : 389.848\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.5, Page No.288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Amplifier voltage gain\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "print(\"Put alfa=sqrt(6) to find the gain\");\n", + "alfa=math.sqrt(6) #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Beta=1/(1-5*alfa**2);\n", + "#Barkhausen critera : A*|Beta|>=1\n", + "Beta=-Beta\n", + "A=1/Beta\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Minimum Gain of Amplifier must be :%.0f \"%A)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Put alfa=sqrt(6) to find the gain\n", + "Minimum Gain of Amplifier must be :29 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.6, Page No.292" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Frequency of oscillation and min current gain\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=50.0 #in kohm\n", + "R1=R1*10**3 #in ohm\n", + "C1=0.001 #in uF\n", + "C1=C1*10**-6 #in F\n", + "R2=1.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=R2*10**3 #in ohm\n", + "C2=0.01 #in uF\n", + "C2=C2*10**-6 #in F\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "#Formula : f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(C1*C2*R1*R2))\n", + "f=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(C1*C2*R1*R2))\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "CurrentGain=1+C2/C1+R1/R2\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Frequency of oscillations in kHz :%.3f \"%(f/1000.0))\n", + "print(\"Current Gain :%.0f \"%CurrentGain)\n", + "#Note:Answer for Frequency of oscillations is incorrect in the book" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of oscillations in kHz :7.118 \n", + "Current Gain :61 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.7, Page No.292" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Resistnce to cover frequency range\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "fmin=20.0 #in Hz\n", + "fmax=20.0 #in kHz\n", + "Cmin=30.0 #in pF\n", + "Cmax=300.0 #in pF\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Formula : fo=1/(2*%pi*R*C))\n", + "R=1/(2*math.pi*fmin*Cmax*10**-12)\n", + "\n", + "#To cover frequency range from 200Hz to 2kHz R should be decrease by factor of 10\n", + "R_dash = R/10.0 \n", + "#TO cover the frequency range from 2kHz to 20kHz, R should be decrease by factor of 100\n", + "R_dash_2= R/100.0\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Minimum Fequeny correspond to maximum capacitance.\")\n", + "print(\"Required resistance in Mohm : %.1f\"%(R/10**6))\n", + "print(\"\\nR_dash in MOhm = %.2f (for frequency range 200Hz to 2kHz)\"%(R_dash/10**6))\n", + "print(\"\\nR_dash_2 in kOhm = %.0f(for frequency range 2kHz to 20kHz)\"%(R_dash_2*1000//10**6))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Minimum Fequeny correspond to maximum capacitance.\n", + "Required resistance in Mohm : 26.5\n", + "\n", + "R_dash in MOhm = 2.65 (for frequency range 200Hz to 2kHz)\n", + "\n", + "R_dash_2 in kOhm = 265(for frequency range 2kHz to 20kHz)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.8, Page No.296" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Resonant Frequency\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=500.0 #in kHz\n", + "T1=50.0 #in degree C\n", + "T2=60.0 #in degree C\n", + "TC=-20.0 #in ppm/degree C\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "ChangeInFreq=TC*(f*10**-3)*(T1-T2) #in Hz\n", + "ResonantFreq=f*1000-ChangeInFreq #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Resonant frequency in kHz : %.1f\"%(ResonantFreq/1000))\n", + "#Note : answer in the book is wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resonant frequency in kHz : 499.9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.9, Page No.296" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Resonant Frequency\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declarations\n", + "f=450.0 #in kHz\n", + "T1=30.0 #in degree C\n", + "T2=50.0 #in degree C\n", + "TC=-10.0 #in ppm/degree C\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "PercentChange=-TC*100/10**6 #in %\n", + "TotalChangeInFreq=(PercentChange/100)*(f*10**3)*(T2-T1) #in Hz\n", + "ResonantFreq=f*1000-TotalChangeInFreq #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Resonant frequency in kHz :%.3f \"%(ResonantFreq/1000))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resonant frequency in kHz :449.910 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 8.10, Page No.297" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Parallel and series resonant frequencies\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "L=0.5 #in H\n", + "C=0.05 #in pF\n", + "R=1 #in kohm\n", + "Cm=1 #in pF\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "fs=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*C*10**-12))\n", + "fp=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt((L*C*10**-12*Cm*10**-12)/(C*10**-12+Cm*10**-12)))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Series resonant frequency in MHz :%.3f\"%(fs/10**6))\n", + "print(\"Parallel resonant frequency in MHz :%.3f\"%(fp/10**6))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Series resonant frequency in MHz :1.007\n", + "Parallel resonant frequency in MHz :1.031\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Miscellaneous example 8.1, Page No.302" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of L\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "L2=0.4 #in mH\n", + "C=0.004 #in \u00b5F\n", + "f=120 #in KHz\n", + "L1=1/(4*math.pi**2*(f*10**3)**2*C*10**-6)-L2*10**-3\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Value of L1(in mH) :%.2f\"%(L1*10**3))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of L1(in mH) :0.04\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Miscellaneous example 8.2, page No.303" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of C and hfe\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "fo=10.0 #in KHz\n", + "R1=25.0 #in kohm\n", + "R2=60.0 #in kohm\n", + "Rc=40.0 #in kohm\n", + "R=7.1 #in kohm\n", + "hie=1.8 #in kohm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "C=1/(2*math.pi*fo*10**3*R*10**3*math.sqrt(6+4*Rc/R))\n", + "hfe=23+29*R/Rc+4*Rc/R\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Value of Capacitor(in nF) %.3f\"%(C*10**9))\n", + "print(\"Value of hfe is \u2265 %.3f\"%hfe)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of Capacitor(in nF) 0.420\n", + "Value of hfe is \u2265 50.683\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Miscellaneous example 8.3, Page No.303" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Value of Capacitor\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R=100.0 #in kohm\n", + "fo=10.0 #in KHz\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "C=1/(2*math.pi*fo*10**3*R*10**3)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Value of Capacitor(in pF) :%.0f\"%(C*10**12))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Value of Capacitor(in pF) :159\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Miscellaneous example 8.4, page No.304" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Various parameter of colpitt oscillator\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "L=40.0 #in mH\n", + "C1=100.0 #in pF\n", + "C2=500.0 #in pF\n", + "Vout=10.0 #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "fo=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*10**-3*C1*10**-12*C2*10**-12/(C1*10**-12+C2*10**-12)))\n", + "print(\"Frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :%.1f\"%(fo*10**-3))\n", + "Vf=Vout*C1/C2\n", + "Gain=C2/C1\n", + "Gain=10 #given\n", + "C1=C2/Gain #in pF\n", + "fo=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*10**-3*C1*10**-12*C2*10**-12/(C1*10**-12+C2*10**-12)))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print(\"Feedback voltage in volt :%.0f\"%Vf)\n", + "print(\"Minimum Gain is %.0f\"%Gain)\n", + "print(\"For a gain of 10 C1 in pF is :%.0f\"%C1)\n", + "print(\"New frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :%.3f\"%(fo*10**-3))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :87.2\n", + "Feedback voltage in volt :2\n", + "Minimum Gain is 10\n", + "For a gain of 10 C1 in pF is :50\n", + "New frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :118.032\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Miscellaneous example 8.5, Page No.305" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Resonant frequencies and Q factor\n", + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "L=0.5 #in H\n", + "Cs=0.06 #in pF\n", + "Cp=1.0 #in pF\n", + "R=5.0 #in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "fs=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*Cs*10**-12))\n", + "Q=2*math.pi*fs*L/(R*10**3)\n", + "print(\"Seies resonance frequency(in KHz): %.1f\"%(fs/10**3))\n", + "print(\"Q-factor f the crystal at fs is %.0f\"%Q)\n", + "fp=(1/(2*math.pi))*math.sqrt((Cs*10**-12+Cp*10**-12)/(L*Cs*10**-12*Cp*10**-12))\n", + "Q=2*math.pi*fp*L/(R*10**3)\n", + "print(\"\\nSeies resonance frequency(in KHz) : %.0f\"%(fp/10**3))\n", + "print(\"Q-factor f the crystal at fs is %.0f\"%Q)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Seies resonance frequency(in KHz): 918.9\n", + "Q-factor f the crystal at fs is 577\n", + "\n", + "Seies resonance frequency(in KHz) : 946\n", + "Q-factor f the crystal at fs is 594\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d6016975 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 9: Uninjunction Transistor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.1, Page No.310" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Stand of voltage and peak point Voltage\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "VBB=20 #in volt\n", + "VB=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n", + "ETA=0.6 #intrinsic stand off ratio\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "StandOffVoltage=ETA*VBB; #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#Resuly\n", + "print(\"\\n(i)\\nStand Off Voltage in volts :%.0f\"%StandOffVoltage)\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "VP=ETA*VBB+VB #in volts\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nPeak point Voltage in volts : %.1f\"%VP)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "(i)\n", + "Stand Off Voltage in volts :12\n", + "\n", + "(ii)\n", + "Peak point Voltage in volts : 12.7\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.2, Page no. 310" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Time period of sawtooth waveform\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "VP=10.0 #in volt\n", + "R=100.0 #in Kohm\n", + "C=1000.0 #in pF\n", + "VBB=20.0 #in Volts\n", + "ETA=VP/VBB #intrinsic stand off ratio\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "T=R*10**3*C*10**-12*math.log(1/(1-ETA)) #in sec\n", + "\n", + "#Resullt\n", + "print(\"Time period of sawtooth wave in micro seconds : %.2f\"%(T*10**6))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Time period of sawtooth wave in micro seconds : 69.31\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.3, Page No.311" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Resistances RB1 and RB2\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "RBB=10 #in Kohm\n", + "ETA=0.6 #intrinsic stand off ratio\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "RB1=ETA*RBB #in Kohm\n", + "RB2=RBB-RB1 #in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Resistance RB1 in Kohm :%.0f\"%RB1)\n", + "print(\"Resistance RB2 in Kohm :%.0f\"%RB2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistance RB1 in Kohm :6\n", + "Resistance RB2 in Kohm :4\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d6016975 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 9: Uninjunction Transistor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.1, Page No.310" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Stand of voltage and peak point Voltage\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "VBB=20 #in volt\n", + "VB=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n", + "ETA=0.6 #intrinsic stand off ratio\n", + "\n", + "#Part (i)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "StandOffVoltage=ETA*VBB; #in volt\n", + "\n", + "#Resuly\n", + "print(\"\\n(i)\\nStand Off Voltage in volts :%.0f\"%StandOffVoltage)\n", + "\n", + "#Part (ii)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "VP=ETA*VBB+VB #in volts\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nPeak point Voltage in volts : %.1f\"%VP)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "(i)\n", + "Stand Off Voltage in volts :12\n", + "\n", + "(ii)\n", + "Peak point Voltage in volts : 12.7\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.2, Page no. 310" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Time period of sawtooth waveform\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "VP=10.0 #in volt\n", + "R=100.0 #in Kohm\n", + "C=1000.0 #in pF\n", + "VBB=20.0 #in Volts\n", + "ETA=VP/VBB #intrinsic stand off ratio\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "T=R*10**3*C*10**-12*math.log(1/(1-ETA)) #in sec\n", + "\n", + "#Resullt\n", + "print(\"Time period of sawtooth wave in micro seconds : %.2f\"%(T*10**6))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Time period of sawtooth wave in micro seconds : 69.31\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.3, Page No.311" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Resistances RB1 and RB2\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "RBB=10 #in Kohm\n", + "ETA=0.6 #intrinsic stand off ratio\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "RB1=ETA*RBB #in Kohm\n", + "RB2=RBB-RB1 #in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print(\"Resistance RB1 in Kohm :%.0f\"%RB1)\n", + "print(\"Resistance RB2 in Kohm :%.0f\"%RB2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistance RB1 in Kohm :6\n", + "Resistance RB2 in Kohm :4\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/README.txt b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/README.txt new file mode 100755 index 00000000..c0612b7b --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Contributed By: Laxman Sole +Course: btech +College/Institute/Organization: Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune +Department/Designation: Electronics Engineering +Book Title: Electronic Devices And Circuits +Author: Satya Prakash, Saurabh Rawat +Publisher: Anand Publications, New Delhi +Year of publication: 2012 +Isbn: 978-93-80225-48-7 +Edition: 3 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/2.png b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/2.png new file mode 100755 index 00000000..9b1a88e3 Binary files /dev/null and b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/2.png differ diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/3.png b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/3.png new file mode 100755 index 00000000..2c74c55e Binary files /dev/null and b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/3.png differ diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/6_6.png b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/6_6.png new file mode 100755 index 00000000..c49efd24 Binary files /dev/null and b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/screenshots/6_6.png differ -- cgit