From 4a1f703f1c1808d390ebf80e80659fe161f69fab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Stephen Lee Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2015 16:53:23 +0530 Subject: add books --- .../Chapter7_4.ipynb | 619 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 619 insertions(+) create mode 100644 ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter7_4.ipynb (limited to 'ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter7_4.ipynb') diff --git a/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter7_4.ipynb b/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter7_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0348a194 --- /dev/null +++ b/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter7_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,619 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 7:Junction Rectifier,Transistos and Devices" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.2,Page No:7.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Increase in temperature necessary to increase Is by a factor by 150 is 72.29 °C\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "#given Is2/Is1 =150\n", + "#Is2/Is1 =2**(T2-T1)/10\n", + "#dT=10ln(I)/ln(2)\n", + "I = 150;\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "dT = 10*math.log(I)/float(math.log(2)); #increase in temperature in °C\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'Increase in temperature necessary to increase Is by a factor by 150 is %3.2f '%dT,'°C';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.3,Page No:7.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Current flowing through germanium diode = 25.0067 uA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Io = 0.25*10**-6; # large reverse biased current in A\n", + "V = 0.12; # applied voltage in V\n", + "Vt = 0.026; # Volt-equivalent of temperature in V\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "I = Io*(math.exp(V/float(Vt))-1); #current in A \n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Current flowing through germanium diode = %g '%(I*10**6),'uA';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.4,Page No:7.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Diffusion co-efficients of electrons = 4.92e-03 m**2/s\n", + "Diffusion co-efficients of holes = 6.99e-04 m**2/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "k = 1.38*10**-23; # boltzmann constant (m**2)*(kg)*(s**-2)*(K**-1)\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "ue = 0.19 # mobility of electron in m**2.V**-1.s**-1\n", + "uh = 0.027; # mobilty of holes in m**2.V**-1.s**-1\n", + "T = 300; # temperature in K\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "Dn = ((k*T)/float(e))*ue; # diffusion constant of electrons in cm**2/s\n", + "Dh = (k*T/float(e))*uh; # diffusion constant of holes in cm**2/s\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'Diffusion co-efficients of electrons = %3.2e'%Dn,'m**2/s';\n", + "print'Diffusion co-efficients of holes = %3.2e '%Dh,'m**2/s';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.6,Page No:7.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "resistance = 10 ohm\n", + "Vreb = 1.0e+07 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "I1 = 20; #current in mA\n", + "V1 = 0.8; #voltage in volts\n", + "V2 = 0.7; #voltage in volts\n", + "I2 = 10; # current in mA\n", + "v3 = -10; #voltage in volts\n", + "I3 = -1*10**-6; # current in mA\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "R = (V1 - V2)/(I1 - I2); #resistance in ohm\n", + "Vreb = v3/I3; #velocity in volts\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'resistance = %d'%(R*10**3),'ohm';\n", + "print'Vreb = %3.1e'%Vreb,'ohm';\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.7,Page No:7.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Diffusion constant of electrons = 94.3 cm**2/s\n", + "Diffusion constant of electrons = 44.4 cm**2/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "T = 300; # temp in kelvin\n", + "k = 1.38*10**-23; # Boltzmann constant (m**2)*(kg)*(s**-2)*(K**-1)\n", + "e = 1.602*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "ue = 3650; # mobility of electrons \n", + "uh = 1720; # mobility of holes\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "De = (ue*k*T)/float(e); # diffusion constant of electrons in cm**2/s\n", + "Dh = (uh*k*T)/float(e); # diffusion constant of holes in cm**2/s\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Diffusion constant of electrons = %3.1f'%De,'cm**2/s';\n", + "print'Diffusion constant of electrons = %3.1f'%Dh,'cm**2/s';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.8,Page No:7.23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Pinch-off voltage = 3.92e-02 V\n", + " Note:calculation mistake in text book ,e value is taken as 14.16*10**-12 instead of 141.6*10**-12\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p = 2; # resistivity in ohm-m\n", + "er = 16; #relative dielectrivity of Ge cm**2/s\n", + "up = 1800; # mobility of holes in cm**2/s\n", + "e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #permitivity in (m**-3)*(kg**-1)*(s**4)*(A**2)\n", + "a = 2*10**-4; #channel height in m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "qNa = 1/float(up*p);\n", + "e = e0*er; #permitivity in F/cm\n", + "Vp = (qNa*(a**2))/float(2*e); # pinch-off voltage in V\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'Pinch-off voltage = %3.2e'%Vp,'V';\n", + "print' Note:calculation mistake in text book ,e value is taken as 14.16*10**-12 instead of 141.6*10**-12';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.9,Page No:7.23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "pinch off velocity =9.2 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "a = 3.5*10**-6; #channel width in m\n", + "N = 10**21; #number of electrons in electrons/m**3\n", + "q = 1.6*10**-19; #charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "er = 12; #dielectric constant F/m\n", + "e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #dielectric constant F/m\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e = (e0)*(er); #permitivityin F/m\n", + "Vp = (q*(a**2)*N)/float(2*e); #pinch off voltage in V\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result \n", + "print'pinch off velocity =%2.1f'%Vp,'V';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.10,Page No:7.23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "transconductance =2.24 m*A/V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "IDSS = 10; #current in mA\n", + "IDS =2.; # current in mA\n", + "Vp = -4.0; #pinch off voltage in V\n", + "\n", + "#formula\n", + "#IDS = IDSS*((1-(VGS/Vp))**2)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "VGS = Vp*(1-(math.sqrt(IDS/float(IDSS))));\n", + "gm = ((-2*IDSS)/float(Vp))*(1-(VGS/float(Vp))); #transconductance in m*A/V\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'transconductance =%3.2f'%gm,'m*A/V';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.11,Page No:7.24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "current =1.60 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "VGS = -3; #pinch off voltage in V\n", + "IDSS =10*10**-3; # current in A\n", + "Vp = -5.0; #pinch off voltage in V\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "IDS = IDSS*((1-(VGS/float(Vp)))**2); #current in mA\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'current =%3.2f'%(IDS*10**3),'mA';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.12,Page No:7.24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "transconductance =2.05 m S\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "IDS = 2*10**-3; #current in mA\n", + "IDSS = 8*10**-3; # current in mA\n", + "Vp = -4.5; #pinch off voltage in V\n", + "VGS1 = -1.902; #pinch off voltage when IDS =3*10**-3 A\n", + "\n", + "#formula\n", + "#IDS = IDSS*((1-(VGS/Vp))**2)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "VGS = Vp*(1-(math.sqrt(IDS/float(IDSS))));\n", + "gm = ((-2*IDSS)/float(Vp))*(1-(VGS1/float(Vp))); #transconductance in m S\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'transconductance =%3.2f'%(gm/10**-3),'m S';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.13,Page No:7.25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "resistance =1.62e+10 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "VGS = 26; #gate source voltage in V\n", + "IG = 1.6*10**-9; #gate current in A\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R = VGS/float(IG); #gate to current resistance in ohms\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result \n", + "print'resistance =%3.2e'%R,'ohms';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.14,Page No:7.25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "transconductance =2.20e-03 ohm\n", + "Note:wrong answer in textbook\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ID1 = 1; #current in A\n", + "ID2 = 2.1; # current in A\n", + "VGS1 = 3.0; #pinch off voltage in V\n", + "VGS2 = 3.5; #pinch off voltage in V\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "dID = ID2-ID1;\n", + "dVGS = VGS2-VGS1;\n", + "gm = (dID*10**-3)/float(dVGS); #transconductance in mho\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'transconductance =%3.2e '%gm,'ohm';\n", + "print'Note:wrong answer in textbook';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.15,Page No:7.25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ac drain resistnce =30.00 k-ohms\n", + "transconductance =4000 u mhos\n", + "amplification factor=120.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ID1 = 8; #drain current in mA\n", + "ID2 = 8.3; #drain current in mA\n", + "VDS1 = 5; #drainn source voltage in V\n", + "VDS2 = 14; #drain source voltage in V\n", + "ID3 = 7.1; #drain current when VDS constant VGS change\n", + "ID4 = 8.3; #drain current when VDS constant VGS change\n", + "VGS1 = 0.1; #drain source voltage in V\n", + "VGS2 = 0.4; #drain source voltage in V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "dID1 = ID2-ID1;\n", + "dVDS = VDS2-VDS1;\n", + "rd = dVDS/float(dID1); #ac drain resistance\n", + "dID2 = ID4-ID3;\n", + "dVGS = VGS2-VGS1;\n", + "gm = dID2/float(dVGS); #transconductance mhos\n", + "u = rd*gm; #amplification factor\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'ac drain resistnce =%3.2f'%rd,'k-ohms';\n", + "print'transconductance =%3.2d'%(gm/10**-3),'u mhos';\n", + "print'amplification factor=%3.2f'%u;\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.16,Page No:7.26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "transconductance =3.03 mmhos\n", + "Note:transconductance value is wrongly printed in terms of umhos\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "u = 100; #amplification factor \n", + "rd = 33*10**3; #drain resistance in ohms\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "gm = u/float(rd); #transconductance in mhos\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'transconductance =%3.2f'%(gm*10**3),' mmhos';\n", + "print'Note:transconductance value is wrongly printed in terms of umhos';\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} -- cgit