From db0855dbeb41ecb8a51dde8587d43e5d7e83620f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Stephen Lee Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2015 16:53:23 +0530 Subject: add books --- .../Chapter4_2.ipynb | 732 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 732 insertions(+) create mode 100644 ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter4_2.ipynb (limited to 'ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter4_2.ipynb') diff --git a/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter4_2.ipynb b/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter4_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a26aa20d --- /dev/null +++ b/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter4_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,732 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 4:Behaviour of Dielectric Materials in ac and dc Fields" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.1,Page No:4.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dielectric constant of argon = 1.0005466\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "alpha = 1.8*10**-40; #polarisability of argon in Fm**2\n", + "e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #dielectric constant F/m\n", + "N1 = 6.02*10**23; #avagadro number in mol**-1\n", + "x = 22.4*10**3; #volume in m**3\n", + " \n", + "#formula\n", + "#er-1=N*p/e0*E=(N/e0)*alpha\n", + "#calculation\n", + "N = N1/float(x); #number of argon atoms in per unit volume in cm**3\n", + "N2 = N*10**6; #number of argon atoms in per unit volume in m**3\n", + "er = 1+((N2/float(e0)))*(alpha); #dielectric constant F/m\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'dielectric constant of argon = %3.7f'%er;" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.2,Page No:4.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "displacement = 1.25e-17 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "alpha = 1.8*10**-40; #polarisability of argon in F*m^2\n", + "E = 2*10**5; # in V/m\n", + "z = 18;\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19;\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#formula\n", + "#p=18*e*x\n", + "#calculation\n", + "p = alpha*E;\n", + "x = p/float(18*e); #displacement in m\n", + "\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'displacement = %3.2e'%x,'m';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.3,Page No:4.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "local field of benzene=4.40e+03 V/m\n", + "local field of water=-1.570e+06 V/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "E0 = 300*10**2; #local field in V/m\n", + "P1 = 3.398*10**-7; #dipole moment Coulomb/m\n", + "P2 = 2.124*10**-5; #dipole moment Coulomb/m\n", + "e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #permittivity in F/m\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#formula\n", + "#E10Ci=E0-(2*Pi/3*e0)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "E10C1 = E0-((2*P1)/float(3*e0)); #local field of benzene in V/m\n", + "E10C2 = E0-((2*P2)/float(3*e0)); #local field of water in V/m\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'local field of benzene=%3.2e'%E10C1,'V/m';\n", + "print'local field of water=%3.3e'%E10C2,'V/m';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.4,Page No:4.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "polarisability of benzene = 1.16e-37 F*m**2\n", + "polarisability of water = 4.04e-40 F*m**2\n", + "Note: mistake in textbok,alpha1 value is printed as 1.16*10**-38 instead of 1.16*10**-37\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p1 = 5.12*10**-34; #p of benzene kg/m**3\n", + "p2 = 6.34*10**-34; #p of water kg/m**3\n", + "e10C1 = 4.4*10**3; #local field of benzene in V/m\n", + "e10C2 = 1570*10**3; #local field of water in V/m\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#formula\n", + "#p=alphai*e10Ci\n", + "#calculation\n", + "alpha1 = p1/float(e10C1); #polarisability of benzene in F*m**2\n", + "alpha2 = p2/float(e10C2); #polarisability of water in F*m**2\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'polarisability of benzene = %3.2e'%alpha1,'F*m**2';\n", + "print'polarisability of water = %3.2e'%alpha2,'F*m**2';\n", + "print'Note: mistake in textbok,alpha1 value is printed as 1.16*10**-38 instead of 1.16*10**-37';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.5,Page No:4.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "polarisation of benzene = 6.80e-07 c/m**2\n", + "polarisation of water = 4.25e-05. c/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #abslute permitivity in (m**-3)*(kg**-1)*(s**4)*(A**2)\n", + "E = 600*10**2; #strength in V/cm\n", + "er1 = 2.28; #dielectric constant of benzene in coulomb/m\n", + "er2 = 81; #dielectric constant of water in coulomb/m\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#fomula\n", + "#p=e0*E*(er-1)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "pB = e0*E*(er1-1); #polarisation of benzene in c/m**2\n", + "pW = e0*E*(er2-1); #polarisation of water in c/m**2\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'polarisation of benzene = %3.2e'%pB,'c/m**2';\n", + "print'polarisation of water = %3.2e.'%pW,'c/m**2';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.6,Page No:4.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "percentage contribution from ionic polaristion = 59.82 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "er0 = 5.6; #static dielectric cnstant of NaCl \n", + "n = 1.5; #optical index of refraction\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "er = er0-n**2;\n", + "d = ((er/float(er0))*100); #percentage contribution from ionic polaristion in %\n", + " \n", + "#result \n", + "print'percentage contribution from ionic polaristion = %3.2f'%d,'%';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.7,Page No:4.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "separation=1.69e-17 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "alpha = 0.18*10**-40; #polarisability of He in F *m**2\n", + "E = 3*10**5; #constant in V/m\n", + "N = 2.6*10**25; #number of atoms in per m**3\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19;\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#formula\n", + "#P=N*p\n", + "#charge of He=2*electron charge\n", + "#p=2(e*d)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "P = N*alpha*E; #in coul/m**2\n", + "p = P/float(N); #polarisation of He in coul.m\n", + "d = p/float(2*e); #separation between charges in m\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#result \n", + "print'separation=%3.2e'%d,'m';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.8,Page No:4.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "oriental polarisation=9.66e-08 coul/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "N = 10**27; #number of HCl molecules in molecules/m**3\n", + "E = 10**5; #electric field in V/m\n", + "P = 1.04*3.33*10**-30; #permanent dipole moment in coul.m\n", + "T = 300; #temperature in kelvin\n", + "K = 1.38*10**-23;\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#calculation\n", + "P0 = (N*(P**2)*E)/float(3*K*T); #oriental polarisation in coul/m^2\n", + "\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'oriental polarisation=%3.2e'%P0,'coul/m**2';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.9,Page No:4.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "relative dielectric constant =1.0\n", + " Note: calculation mistake in text book in calculating relative dielectric constant\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "N = 6.023*10**26; #avagadro number  (lb-mol)**-1\n", + "alpha = 3.28*10**-40; #polarisability in F*m**2\n", + "M = 32; #molecular weight in kilograms\n", + "p = 2.08*10**3; #density of sulphur in g/cm**3\n", + "e0 = 8.85*10**12; #permitivity in F/m\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "er = ((2*N*p*alpha)+(3*M*e0))/float((3*M*e0)-(N*p*alpha)); \n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print'relative dielectric constant =%3.1f'%er;\n", + "print' Note: calculation mistake in text book in calculating relative dielectric constant';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.10,Page No:4.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ratio of electronic and ionic probabilities =1.6\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "er = 4.94;\n", + "n = 1.64;\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#(alphae)/(alphai) =x\n", + "x = ((er-1)/float(er+2))*(((n**2)+2)/float((n**2)-1)); #ratio of electronic and ionic probabilities\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'ratio of electronic and ionic probabilities =%3.1f'%x;" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.11,Page No:4.17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dielectric constant=16.43\n", + "electrical suseptibility=1.3711e-10 c**2*N**-1*M**-2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declartion\n", + "E = 1.46*10**-10; #permitivity in c**2*N**-1*m**-2\n", + "E0 = 8.885*10**-12; #permitivity in c**2*N**-1*m**-2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Er = E/float(E0);\n", + "sighe = E0*(Er-1); #electrical suseptbility in c**2*N**-1*M**-2\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'dielectric constant=%3.2f'%Er;\n", + "print'electrical suseptibility=%3.4e'%sighe,'c**2*N**-1*M**-2';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.12,Page No:4.17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "polarisation=8.4e-07 cm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r = 0.1; #radius in m\n", + "pw = 1; #density of water in g/ml\n", + "Mw = 18; # molecular mass of water \n", + "E = 6.0*10**-30; #dipole moment of water in cm\n", + "N = 6.0*10**26; #avagadro constant in (lb-mol)−1\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#calculation\n", + "n = N*(4*(math.pi)*(r**3)*pw)/(Mw*3); #number of water molecules in a water drop \n", + "p = n*E; #polarisation in cm**2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'polarisation=%3.1e'%p,'cm**2';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.13,Page No:4.18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dielectric susceptibility=0.000074\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Er = 1.000074; #dielectric constant for a gas at 0°C\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sighe = Er-1; #dielectric susceptibility\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'dielectric susceptibility=%3.6f'%sighe;\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.14,Page No:4.18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "free charge=2.65e-05 Coul/m**2\n", + "polarisation=5.31e-05 Coul/m\n", + "displacement=7.96e-05\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "E = 10**6; #dielectric in volts/s\n", + "er = 3; #dielectric in mm\n", + "e0 = 8.85*10**-12;\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "E0 = er*E; #electric field in V/m\n", + "sigma = e0*E0; #free charge in Coul/m^2\n", + "P = e0*(er-1)*E0; #polarisation in coul/m\n", + "D = e0*er*E0; #displacement in in dielectric\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'free charge=%3.2e'%sigma,'Coul/m**2';\n", + "print'polarisation=%3.2e'%P,'Coul/m';\n", + "print'displacement=%3.2e'%D; " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.15,Page No:4.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "capacitance = 3.42e-11 Farad\n", + "charge =3.42e-10 coulomb\n", + "displacement =5.31e-07 c/m**2\n", + "polarisation =4.42e-07 c/m**2\n", + "Note:error in calculation of P,E value is taken as 5000 instead of 10**4\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "d = 1.0*10**-3; #separation between plates in m\n", + "A = 6.45*10**-4; # surface area in m^2\n", + "e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #permitivity of electron in (m**-3)*(kg**-1)*(s**4)*(A**2)\n", + "er = 6.0; #relative permitivity in (m**-3)*(kg**-1)*(s**4)*(A**2)\n", + "V = 10; #voltage in V\n", + "E = 10; \n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#calculation\n", + "C = (e0*er*A)/float(d); #capacitance in Farad\n", + "q = C*V; #charge in coulomb\n", + "D = (e0*er*E)/float(10**-3); #displacement vector in c/m**2\n", + "P = D-(e0*E/float(10**-3)); #polarisation vector in c/m**2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'capacitance = %3.2e'%C,'Farad';\n", + "print'charge =%3.2e'%q,'coulomb';\n", + "print'displacement =%3.2e'%D,'c/m**2';\n", + "print'polarisation =%3.2e'%P,'c/m**2';\n", + "print'Note:error in calculation of P,E value is taken as 5000 instead of 10**4\\n';\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.16,Page No:4.30" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "frequency = 8.84 KHz\n", + "phase difference = 45 °\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "t = 18*10**-6; #relaxation time in s\n", + "er1 = 1; #permitivity in F/m\n", + "er = 1; #permitivity in F/m\n", + "t = 18*10**-6; #relaxation time in s\n", + " \n", + "#calculation\n", + "f = 1/float(2*math.pi*t); #frequency in Hz\n", + "theta_c = math.atan(er1/float(er));\n", + "#theta_c_deg = (theta_c*180)/float(math.pi);\n", + "#phi = 90-theta_c_deg; #phase difference in degrees\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'frequency = %3.2f'%(f*10**-3),'KHz';\n", + "print'phase difference =%3.0f'%((theta_c*180)/float(math.pi)),'°';\n", + " " + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} -- cgit