From 4a1f703f1c1808d390ebf80e80659fe161f69fab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Stephen Lee Date: Fri, 28 Aug 2015 16:53:23 +0530 Subject: add books --- .../Chapter3_3.ipynb | 882 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 882 insertions(+) create mode 100644 ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter3_3.ipynb (limited to 'ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter3_3.ipynb') diff --git a/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter3_3.ipynb b/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter3_3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..740a15e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter3_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,882 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 3:Magnetic Properties of Materials" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.1,Page No:3.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Magnetic moment = 9.319e-24 Am**2\n", + "Bohr magneton = 9.28e-24 J/T\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variable declaration\n", + "r = 0.53*10**-10; # orbit radius m\n", + "n = 6.6*10**15; # frequency of revolution of electronHz\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19 # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "h = 6.63*10**-34; # plancks constant in J.s\n", + "m = 9.1*10**-31; # mass of electron in kg\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "i = e*n # current produced due to electron\n", + "A = math.pi*r*r # Area in m^2\n", + "u = i*A; # magnetic moment A*m^2\n", + "ub = (e*h)/float(4*math.pi*m); # Bohr magneton in J/T\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'Magnetic moment = %3.3e'%u,'Am**2';\n", + "print'Bohr magneton = %3.2e'%ub,'J/T';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.2,Page No:3.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 25, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Magnetic moment = 2.87e+02 A-m**2\n", + "\n", + " Note: Instead of 2.87*10**2, 2.87*10**-2 is printed in textbook\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "ur = 1150; # relative permeability\n", + "n = 500; # turns per m\n", + "V = 10**-3; # volume of iron rod in m**3\n", + "i = 0.5; # current in amp\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#B = uo(H+M)\n", + "# B = uH, u/uo = ur\n", + "# M = (ur - 1)H\n", + "#if current is flowing through a solenoid having n turns/l then H = ni\n", + "\n", + "M = (ur - 1)*n*i # magnetisation\n", + "m = M*V; # magnetic moment\n", + " \n", + "#Output\n", + "print'Magnetic moment = %3.2e'%m,' A-m**2';\n", + "print'\\n Note: Instead of 2.87*10**2, 2.87*10**-2 is printed in textbook';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.3,Page No:3.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 26, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Magnetic Moment of the rod = 2.1 A-m**2\n", + "Note: In textbook length of iron rod given as 2m whereas in calculation it is wrongly taken as 0.2m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variable declaration\n", + "ur = 90; #relative permeability\n", + "n = 300; # turns per m\n", + "i = 0.5; # current in amp\n", + "d = 10*10**-3; # diameter of iron rod\n", + "l = 2; # length of iron rod\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V = math.pi*(d/float(2))**2 * l; #volume of rod\n", + "M = (ur - 1)*n*i; # magnetisation\n", + "m = M*V; # magnetic moment\n", + "\n", + "# Output\n", + "print'Magnetic Moment of the rod = %3.3g'%m,'A-m**2';\n", + "print'Note: In textbook length of iron rod given as 2m whereas in calculation it is wrongly taken as 0.2m';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.4,Page No:3.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Change in magnetic moment = 3.9e-29 J/T\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Bo = 2; # magnetic field in tesla\n", + "r = 5.29*10**-11 # radius in m\n", + "m = 9.1*10**-31; # mass of electron in kg\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19 # charge of electron\n", + "\n", + "# calculations\n", + "du = (e**2 * Bo * r**2)/float(4*m); # change in magnetic moment(indicating oth in -ve and +ve values)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'Change in magnetic moment = %3.1e'%du,'J/T';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.6,Page No:3.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Temperature to which substance to be cooled = 7.7 K\n", + "Note:Values given in question B = 52, u = 924*10**-24.Values substituted in calculation B = 5.2, u = 9.24*10**-24\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variable declaration\n", + "u1 = 3.3; # magnetic dipole moment\n", + "u = 9.24*10**-24;\n", + "B = 5.2; # magnetic field in tesla\n", + "k = 1.38*10**-23; # boltzmann constant\n", + "\n", + "# calculations\n", + "T = (u*u1*B)/float(1.5*k); # Temperature in Kelvin\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'Temperature to which substance to be cooled = %3.1f'%T,'K';\n", + "print'Note:Values given in question B = 52, u = 924*10**-24.Values substituted in calculation B = 5.2, u = 9.24*10**-24';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.7,Page No:3.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Magnetisation = -0.48 A/m\n", + "flux density = 0.14 Tesla\n", + "relative permeability = 0.999996\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "xm = -4.2*10**-6; # magnetic susceptibility in A.m**-1\n", + "H = 1.15*10**5; # magnetic field in A.m**-1\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "uo = 4*math.pi*10**-7; # magnetic permeability N·A**-2\n", + "M = xm*H; # magnetisation in A.m**-1\n", + "B = uo*(H + M); # flux density in T\n", + "ur = 1+(M/float(H)); # relative permeability \n", + "\n", + "# result\n", + "print'Magnetisation = %3.2f'%M,'A/m';\n", + "print'flux density = %3.2f'%B,'Tesla'; \n", + "print'relative permeability = %f'%ur;\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.8,Page No:3.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Percentage increase = 0.0014 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variable declaration\n", + "xm = 1.4*10**-5; # magnetic susceptibility\n", + "# B = uoH\n", + "# B' = uruoH\n", + "# ur = 1+xm\n", + "# from above equations\n", + "#B' = (1+xm)B\n", + "# percentage increase in magnetic induction = ((B'-B)/B)*100\n", + "# y = (((1+xm)B - B)/B)*100\n", + "PI = xm*100; # percentage increase\n", + "\n", + "# Output\n", + "print'Percentage increase = %3.4f'%PI,'%';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.9,Page No:3.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetisation = -0.02 A/m\n", + "Note:magnetisation sign is printed wrong in textbook\n", + "Magnetic flux density = 0.0126 T\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variable declaration\n", + "xm = -0.2*10**-5; # magnetic susceptability in A.m**-1\n", + "H = 10**4; # magnetic field in A/m\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "uo = 4*math.pi*10**-7; # magnetic permeability\n", + "M = xm*H # magnetisation in A/m\n", + "B = uo*(H+M); # magnetic flux density in T\n", + "\n", + "# Output\n", + "print'magnetisation = %3.2f'%M,'A/m';\n", + "print'Note:magnetisation sign is printed wrong in textbook';\n", + "print'Magnetic flux density = %3.4f'%B,'T';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.10,Page No:3.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "permeability =1.000021\n", + "relative permeability =1.2567e-06 N/A**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "sighem = 2.1*10**-5; #magnetic susceptability\n", + "u1 = 10**-7;\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "u0 = 4*math.pi*u1;\n", + "ur = 1+(sighem); #permeability\n", + "u = u0*ur; #relative permeability in N/A**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'permeability =%3.6f'%ur;\n", + "print'relative permeability =%3.4e'%u,'N/A**2';\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.11,Page No:3.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "permeability =1.084000\n", + "relative permeability =1.362e-06 N/A**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "sighem = 0.084; #magnetic susceptability\n", + "u1 = 10**-7;\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "u0 = 4*math.pi*u1;\n", + "ur = 1+(sighem); #permeability\n", + "u = u0*ur; #relative permeability in N/A**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'permeability =%3.6f'%ur;\n", + "print'relative permeability =%3.3e'%u,'N/A**2';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.12,Page No:3.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "relative permiability =1.00267e+05\n", + " Note:Calculation mistake in textbook in calculating sighe by taking ur as 10**5 instead of 100318.4\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declarationn\n", + "u = 0.126; #permiability in N/A**2\n", + "u1 = 10**-7;\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "u0 = 4*math.pi*u1;\n", + "ur = u/float(u0);\n", + "sighe = ur-1; #magnetic susceptability\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'relative permiability =%3.5e'%sighe;\n", + "print' Note:Calculation mistake in textbook in calculating sighe by taking ur as 10**5 instead of 100318.4';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "##Example 3.13,Page No:3.16" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "susceptability of diamagnetic material = -1.1878e-07\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "#diamagnetic susceptability of He\n", + "R = 0.6*10**-10; #mean radius of atom in m\n", + "N = 28*10**26; #avagadro number in per m**3\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; #charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "m = 9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron in kilograms\n", + "Z = 2; #atomic number\n", + " \n", + "#calculation\n", + "u0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7; #atomic number\n", + "si = -(u0*Z*(e**2)*N*(R**2))/float(6*m); #susceptability of diamagnetic material \n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'susceptability of diamagnetic material = %3.4e'%si;\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "##Example 3.14,Page No:3.17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "permiability =5.00e-04 N/A**2\n", + "susceptability =396.887358\n", + "Note:answer of permiability is wrong in textbook\n", + "Note: calcuation mistake in textbook in sighem\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "phi = 2*10**-5; #magnetic flux in Wb/m**2\n", + "H = 2*10**3; #in A/m\n", + "A = 0.2*10**-4; #area in m**2\n", + "\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#calculation\n", + "u0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;\n", + "B = phi/float(A); #magnetic flux density in Wb/m**2\n", + "u = B/float(H); #permiability in A**-2\n", + "sighem = (u/float(u0))-1;\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'permiability =%3.2e'%u,'N/A**2';\n", + "print'susceptability =%4f'%sighem;\n", + "print'Note:answer of permiability is wrong in textbook';\n", + "print'Note: calcuation mistake in textbook in sighem';\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.15,Page No:3.17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "susceptability of diamagnetic material = 5.61e-07\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "N = 6.5*10**25; #number of atoms in atoms per m**3\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; #charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "m = 9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron inilograms\n", + "h = 6.6*10**-34; #planck's constant in J.s\n", + "T = 300; #temperature in K\n", + "k = 1.38*10**-23; #boltzman constant in J*(K**-1)\n", + "n = 1; #constant\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "#calculation\n", + "u0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;\n", + "M = n*((e*h)/float(4*math.pi*m)); #magnetic moment in A*m**2\n", + "sighe = (u0*N*(M**2))/float(3*k*T); #susceptability of diamagnetic material\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'susceptability of diamagnetic material = %3.2e'%sighe;" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.16,Page No:3.20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ampere turn =200 A/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "L = 2.0; #length in m\n", + "A = 4*10**-4; #cross section sq.m\n", + "u = 50*10**-4; #permiability in H*m**-1\n", + "phi = 4*10**-4; #magnetic flux in Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "B = phi/float(A); #magnetic flux density in Wb/m**2\n", + "NI = B/float(u); #ampere turn in A/m\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'ampere turn =%3.0f'%NI,'A/m';\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.17,Page No:3.20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "current =1 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "H = 5*10**3; #corecivity in A/m\n", + "l = 10**-1; #length in m\n", + "n = 500; #number of turns\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "N = n/float(l); #number of turns per m\n", + "i = H/float(N); #current in A\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'current =%1d'%i,'A';\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.18,Page No:3.20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "number of turns =5.128205\n", + " Note: calculation mistake in textbook in calculattig H by taking B value as 0.06 instead of 0.0666\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A = 6*10**-4; #area in m**2\n", + "l = 0.5; #length in m\n", + "u = 65*10**-4; #permiability in H/m\n", + "phi = 4*10**-5; #magnetic flux in Wb\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "B = phi/float(A);\n", + "H = B/float(u);\n", + "N = H*l; #number of turns\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'number of turns =%1f'%N;\n", + "print' Note: calculation mistake in textbook in calculattig H by taking B value as 0.06 instead of 0.0666';\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.19,Page No:3.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "susceptability =1908\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A = 0.2*10**-4; #area in m**2\n", + "H = 500; #magnetising field in A.m**-1\n", + "phi = 2.4*10**-5; # magnetic flux in Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "u0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;\n", + "B = phi/float(A); #magnetic flux density in N*A**-1 *m**-1\n", + "u = B/float(H); #permiability in N/m\n", + "fm = (u/float(u0))-1; #susceptability \n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'susceptability =%3.2d'%fm;\n", + "\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.20,Page No:3.34" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "loss of energy per hour =4800.00\n", + "Note:calculation mistake in textbook in calculating Lh\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "f = 50; #number of reversals/s in Hz\n", + "W = 50; #weight in kg\n", + "d = 7500; #density in kg/m^3\n", + "A = 200; #area in joules /m^3\n", + " \n", + "#calculation\n", + " \n", + "V = 1/float(d); #volume of 1 kg iron\n", + "E = A*V; #loss of energy per kg\n", + "L = f*E; #hysteresisloss/s in Joule/second\n", + "Lh = L*60*60; #loss per hour\n", + " \n", + "#calculation\n", + "print'loss of energy per hour =%3.2f'%Lh;\n", + "print'Note:calculation mistake in textbook in calculating Lh';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "##Example 3.21,Page No:3.34" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "total iron loss =2.97 watt/kg\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "f = 50; #frequency in Hz\n", + "Bm = 1.1; #magnetic flux in Wb/m**2\n", + "t = 0.0005; #thickness of sheet \n", + "p = 30*10**-8*7800; #resistivity in ohms m\n", + "d = 7800; #density in kg/m**3\n", + "Hl = 380; #hysteresis loss per cycle in W-S/m**2\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Pl = ((math.pi**2)*(f**2)*(Bm**2)*(t**2))/float(6*p); #eddy current loss\n", + "Hel = (Hl*f)/float(d); #hysteresis loss\n", + "Tl = Pl+Hel; #total iron loss watt/kg\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'total iron loss =%3.2f'%Tl,'watt/kg';\n", + " " + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} -- cgit