From 238d7e632aecde748a97437c2b5774e136a3b4da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: nice Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 16:12:51 +0530 Subject: adding book --- Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch10.ipynb | 202 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 202 insertions(+) create mode 100755 Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch10.ipynb (limited to 'Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch10.ipynb') diff --git a/Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch10.ipynb b/Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch10.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..5d1a66e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,202 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 10 : Stability and phase transition in thermodynamic systems" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.2 Page No : 369" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "P = 2;\t\t\t #number of phases (no unit)\n", + "C = 2;\t\t\t #number of components (no unit)\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "F = C+2-P\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \" The number of degrees of freedom = %d \"%(F);\n", + "print \"Two intensive properties are required to be specified to\\\n", + " describe the thermodynamic state of the system,and the fundamental relation in\\\n", + " the Gibbs free energy representation for this system is of the type, G = GT,P,N1,N2\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " The number of degrees of freedom = 2 \n", + "Two intensive properties are required to be specified to describe the thermodynamic state of the system,and the fundamental relation in the Gibbs free energy representation for this system is of the type, G = GT,P,N1,N2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.3 Page No : 370" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import cmath\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "T = 427.85;\t\t\t #temperature of n-octane vapour in K\n", + "R = 8.314;\t\t\t #universal gas constant in J/molK\n", + "Tc = 569.4;\t\t\t #critical temperature of n-octane in K\n", + "Pc = 24.97;\t\t\t #critical pressure of n-octane in bar\n", + "w = 0.398;\t\t\t #acentric factor (no unit) \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "Pguess = 0.215\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "Tr = T/Tc\n", + "Pr = (Pguess*10**6)/(Pc*10**5)\n", + "S = 0.37464+(1.54226*w)-(0.26992*w**2)\n", + "alpha1 = (1+(S*(1-math.sqrt(Tr))))**2;\n", + "a = (0.45724*R**2*Tc**2*alpha1)/(Pc*10**5)\n", + "b = (0.07780*R*Tc)/(Pc*10**5);\t\t\t \n", + "A = (a*Pguess*10**6)/(R*T)**2;\t\t\t \n", + "B = (b*Pguess*10**6)/(R*T);\t\t\t \n", + "alpha = -1+B\n", + "beeta = A-(2*B)-(3*B**2)\n", + "gaamma = -(A*B)+(B**2)+(B**3)\n", + "p = beeta-(alpha**2)/3;\t\t\n", + "q = ((2*alpha**3)/27)-((alpha*beeta)/3)+gaamma\n", + "D = (((q)**2)/4)+(((p)**3)/27);\t\t\t \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "if D>0:\n", + " Z = ((-q/2)+(math.sqrt(D)))**(1./3)+((-q/2)-(math.sqrt(D)))**(1./3)-(alpha/3);\n", + " Z_l = Z;\n", + " Z_v = Z;\n", + "elif D == 0:\n", + " Z1 = ((-2*(q/2))**(1./3))-(alpha/3);\t\t\t \n", + " Z2 = ((q/2)**(1./3))-(alpha/3);\n", + " Z3 = ((q/2)**(1./3))-(alpha/3);\n", + " Z = [Z1 ,Z2, Z3];\n", + " Z_l = min(Z);\n", + " Z_v = max(Z);\n", + "else:\n", + " r = math.sqrt((-(p**3)/27));\t\t\t \n", + " theta = math.acos((-(q)/2)*(1./r));\t\t\n", + " Z1 = (2*(r**(1./3))*math.cos(theta/3))-(alpha/3);\n", + " Z2 = (2*(r**(1./3))*math.cos(((2*math.pi)+theta)/3))-(alpha/3)\n", + " Z3 = (2*(r**(1./3))*math.cos(((4*math.pi)+theta)/3))-(alpha/3)\n", + " Z = [Z1, Z2, Z3];\n", + " Z_l = min(Z)\n", + " Z_v = max(Z)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "phi_l = math.exp(Z_l-1-math.log(Z_l-B)-((a/(2*math.sqrt(2)*b*R*T))*math.log((Z_l+(B*(1+math.sqrt(2))))/(Z_l+(B*(1-math.sqrt(2)))))));\n", + "phi_v = math.exp(Z_v-1-math.log(Z_v-B)-((a/(2*math.sqrt(2)*b*R*T))*math.log((Z_v+(B*(1+math.sqrt(2))))/(Z_v+(B*(1-math.sqrt(2)))))));\n", + "fl = Pguess*phi_l;\t\t\t # Calculations of the fugacity of the liquid in MPa\n", + "fv = Pguess*phi_v;\t\t\t # Calculations of the fugacity of the vapour in MPa\n", + "tolerance = 1e-3;\t\t\t #defining the tolerance to compare fl and fv\n", + "\n", + "if abs(fl-fv)tolerance:\n", + " Tr = T/Tc\n", + " Pr = (Prevised*10**6)/(Pc*10**5);\n", + " S = 0.37464+(1.54226*w)-(0.26992*w**2)\n", + " alpha1 = (1+(S*(1-math.sqrt(Tr))))**2;\n", + " a = (0.45724*R**2*Tc**2*alpha1)/(Pc*10**5)\n", + " b = (0.07780*R*Tc)/(Pc*10**5);\t\t\t \n", + " A = (a*Prevised*10**6)/(R*T)**2;\t\t\n", + " B = (b*Prevised*10**6)/(R*T);\t\t\t\n", + " alpha = -1+B;\t\t\t \n", + " beeta = A-(2*B)-(3*B**2);\n", + " gaamma = -(A*B)+(B**2)+(B**3)\n", + " p = beeta-(alpha**2)/3;\t\t\n", + " q = ((2*alpha**3)/27)-((alpha*beeta)/3)+gaamma\n", + " D = (((q)**2)/4)+(((p)**3)/27);\t\n", + " \n", + " if D > 0:\n", + " Z=((-q/2)+(math.sqrt(D)))**(1./3)+((-q/2)-(math.sqrt(D)))**(1./3)-(alpha/3); #One real root given by Eq.(3.32)\n", + " Z_l=Z;\n", + " Z_v=Z;\n", + " elif D==0:\n", + " Z1=((-2*(q/2))**(1./3))-(alpha/3); #Three real roots and two equal given by Eq.(3.33)\n", + " Z2=((q/2)**(1./3))-(alpha/3);\n", + " Z3=((q/2)**(1./3))-(alpha/3);\n", + " Z=[Z1, Z2, Z3];\n", + " Z_l=min(Z);\n", + " Z_v=max(Z);\n", + " else:\n", + " r = math.sqrt((-(p**3)/27));\t\t\t \n", + " theta = math.acos((-(q)/2)*(1./r));\t\t\n", + " Z1 = (2*(r**(1./3))*math.cos(theta/3))-(alpha/3);\n", + " Z2 = (2*(r**(1./3))*math.cos(((2*math.pi)+theta)/3))-(alpha/3)\n", + " Z3 = (2*(r**(1./3))*math.cos(((4*math.pi)+theta)/3))-(alpha/3);\n", + " Z = [Z1, Z2, Z3];\n", + " Z_l = Z[0];\n", + " Z_v = Z[1];\n", + "\n", + " phi_l = math.exp(Z_l-1-math.log(Z_l-B)-((a/(2*math.sqrt(2)*b*R*T))*math.log((Z_l+(B*(1+math.sqrt(2))))/(Z_l+(B*(1-math.sqrt(2)))))));\n", + " phi_v = math.exp(Z_v-1-math.log(Z_v-B)-((a/(2*math.sqrt(2)*b*R*T))*math.log((Z_v+(B*(1+math.sqrt(2))))/(Z_v+(B*(1-math.sqrt(2)))))));\n", + " fl = Prevised*phi_l;\t\n", + " fv = Prevised*phi_v;\t\n", + " Prevised = Prevised*fl/fv\n", + "\n", + "P = Prevised;\t\t\t\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \" The vapour pressure of n-octane at 427.85K = %.5f\"%P,\" MPa\"\n", + "\n", + "# Note: answer is slightly differnt because of rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " The vapour pressure of n-octane at 427.85K = 0.21196 MPa\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file -- cgit