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+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Chapter 2 DIFFRACTION"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2_1 pg.no:29"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "No of lines per centimeter is 5000\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#To calculate the no of lines in one cm of grating surface\n",
+    "from math import pi,sin\n",
+    "k=2.\n",
+    "lamda=5*10**-5 #units in cm\n",
+    "theta=30 # units in degrees\n",
+    "#We have nooflines=1/e=(k∗lamda)/sin(theta)\n",
+    "nooflines=sin(theta*pi/180)/(k*lamda) #units in cm\n",
+    "print \"No of lines per centimeter is %.f\"%nooflines\n",
+    "#In text book the answer is printed wrong as 10ˆ3\n",
+    "#The correct answer is 5∗10ˆ3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2_2 pg.no:30"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "For First order spectra theta1=17.5 degrees\n",
+      "For Third order spectra theta3=64.2 degrees\n",
+      "Difference in Angles of deviation in first and third order spectra is theta3−theta1=46.70 degrees\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#To Find the difference in angles of deviation in first and third order spectra\n",
+    "from math import pi,asin\n",
+    "lamda=5000. # units in armstrongs\n",
+    "lamda=lamda*10**-8 # units in cm\n",
+    "e=1./6000.\n",
+    "#For first order e∗sin(theta1)=1∗lamda\n",
+    "theta1=asin(lamda/e) # units in radians\n",
+    "theta1=theta1*180./pi # units in degrees\n",
+    "print \"For First order spectra theta1=%.1f degrees\"%theta1\n",
+    "#For third order e∗sin(theta3)=3∗lamda\n",
+    "theta3=asin(3.*lamda/e) # units in radians\n",
+    "theta3=theta3*180/pi # units in degrees\n",
+    "print \"For Third order spectra theta3=%.1f degrees\"%theta3\n",
+    "diffe=theta3-theta1 #units in degrees\n",
+    "print \"Difference in Angles of deviation in first and third order spectra is theta3−theta1=%.2f degrees\"%diffe"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2_3 pg.no:30"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "No of lines per cm=196.0 \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#To calculate minimum no of lines per centimeter\n",
+    "lamda1=5890 # units in armstrongs\n",
+    "lamda2=5896 # units in armstrongs\n",
+    "dlamda=lamda2-lamda1 #units in armstrongs\n",
+    "k=2\n",
+    "n=lamda1/(k*dlamda)\n",
+    "width=2.5 #units in cm\n",
+    "nooflines=n/width\n",
+    "print \"No of lines per cm=%.1f \"%nooflines"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2_4 pg.no:31"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "As total no of lines required for resolution in first order is 981 and total no of lines in grating is 850 the lines will not be resolved in first order\n",
+      "As total no of lines required for resolution in first order is 490 and total no of lines in grating is 850 the lines will be resolved in second order\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#To examine two spectral lines are clearly resolved in first order and second order\n",
+    "n=425.\n",
+    "tno=2.*n\n",
+    "lamda1=5890 # units in armstrongs\n",
+    "lamda2=5896 # units in armstrongs\n",
+    "dlamda=lamda2 -lamda1\n",
+    "#For first order\n",
+    "n=lamda1/dlamda\n",
+    "print\"As total no of lines required for resolution in first order is %.f and total no of lines in grating is %d the lines will not be resolved in first order\"%(n,tno)\n",
+    "#For second order\n",
+    "n=lamda1/(2*dlamda)\n",
+    "print\"As total no of lines required for resolution in first order is %.f and total no of lines in grating is %d the lines will be resolved in second order\"%(n,tno)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2_5 pg.no:32"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Angle of separation is 16 minutes\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#To find the angle of separation\n",
+    "from math import asin,pi\n",
+    "\n",
+    "lamda1=5016.  # units in armstrongs\n",
+    "lamda2=5048.  # units in armstrongs\n",
+    "lamda1=lamda1*10**-8   # units in cm\n",
+    "lamda2=lamda2*10**-8   # units in cm\n",
+    "k=2.\n",
+    "n=15000\n",
+    "e=2.54/n     # units in cm \n",
+    "theta1=asin((2*lamda1)/e)*(180/pi)    # units in in degrees\n",
+    "theta2=asin((2*lamda2)/e)*(180/pi)  # units in in degrees\n",
+    "diffe=theta2-theta1 # units in in degrees\n",
+    "diffe=diffe*60 # units in minutes\n",
+    "print \"Angle of separation is %.f minutes\"%diffe"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2_6 pg.no:32"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The dispersive power of the grating is 15000\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#To Calculate the dispersive power of the grating\n",
+    "from math import pi,asin,cos\n",
+    "n=4000.\n",
+    "e=1/n #units in cm\n",
+    "k=3.\n",
+    "lamda=5000 # units in armstrongs\n",
+    "lamda=lamda*10**-8 # units in cm\n",
+    "theta=asin((k*lamda)/e)*(180/pi) # units in degrees\n",
+    "costheta=cos(theta*pi/180)\n",
+    "disppower=(k*n)/costheta\n",
+    "print \"The dispersive power of the grating is %.f\"%disppower"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2_7 pg.no:33"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The highest order spectrum Seen with monochromatic light is 3.33\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#To Calculate highest power of spectrum seen with mono chromaic light\n",
+    "lamda=6000.    # units in armstrongs\n",
+    "lamda=lamda*10**-8   #units in cm\n",
+    "n=5000.\n",
+    "e=1/n #units in cm\n",
+    "k=e/lamda\n",
+    "print \"The highest order spectrum Seen with monochromatic light is %.2f\"%k"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2_8 pg.no:35"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Wavelength of the lines is 0.0000606 cms\n",
+      "Minimum grating width required is 4.2 cm \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#To calculate the wavelength\n",
+    "from math import pi,sin\n",
+    "k=2.\n",
+    "theta1=10.\n",
+    "dtheta=3.\n",
+    "dlamda=5*10**-9\n",
+    "lamda=(sin((theta1*pi)/180)*dlamda*60*60)/(cos((theta1*pi)/180)*dtheta*(pi/180)) # units in cm\n",
+    "print \"Wavelength of the lines is %.7f cms\"%lamda\n",
+    "lamda_dlamda=lamda+dlamda # units in cm\n",
+    "N=6063\n",
+    "Ne=(N*k*lamda)/sin((theta1*pi)/180) # units in cm\n",
+    "print \"Minimum grating width required is %.1f cm \"%Ne"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2_9 pg.no:35"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Resolving power is 10000 \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#To calculate resolving power in second order\n",
+    "#We have e∗sin(theta)=k∗lamda\n",
+    "#We have e∗0.2=k∗lamda −>1\n",
+    "#And e∗0.3=(k+1)∗lamda −>2\n",
+    "#Subtracting one and two 3∗0.1=lamda\n",
+    "lamda=5000. # units in armstrongs\n",
+    "lamda=lamda*10**-8 # units in cm\n",
+    "e=lamda/0.1 # units in cm\n",
+    "width=2.5 #units in cm\n",
+    "N=width/e\n",
+    "respower=2*N\n",
+    "print \"Resolving power is %.f \"%respower"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.10"
+  }
+ },
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+}