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+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Chapter 08: Phase Diagrams and the Relative Stability of Solids, Liquids, and Gases"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Ex8.2:Pg.No-186 "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Latent heat of vaporization of benzene at 20°C 30.7 kJ/mol\n",
+      "Entropy Change of vaporization of benzene at 20°C 86.9 J/mol\n",
+      "Triple point temperature = 267.3 K for benzene\n",
+      "Triple point pressure = 3.53e+03 Pa for benzene\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from math import log, exp\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Varialble Declaration\n",
+    "Tn = 353.24       #normal boiling point of Benzene, K\n",
+    "pi = 1.19e4       #Vapor pressure of benzene at 20°C, Pa\n",
+    "DHf = 9.95        #Latent heat of fusion, kJ/mol\n",
+    "pv443 = 137.      #Vapor pressure of benzene at -44.3°C, Pa\n",
+    "R = 8.314         #Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)\n",
+    "Pf = 101325       #Std. atmospheric pressure, Pa\n",
+    "T20 = 293.15      #Temperature in K\n",
+    "P0 = 1.\n",
+    "Pl = 10000.\n",
+    "Ts = -44.3        #Temperature of solid benzene, °C\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "Ts = Ts + 273.15\n",
+    "#Part a\n",
+    "\n",
+    "DHv = -(R*math.log(Pf/pi))/(1./Tn-1./T20)\n",
+    "#Part b\n",
+    "\n",
+    "DSv = DHv/Tn\n",
+    "DHf = DHf*1e3\n",
+    "#Part c\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Ttp = -DHf/(R*(math.log(Pl/P0)-math.log(pv443/P0)-(DHv+DHf)/(R*Ts)+DHv/(R*T20)))\n",
+    "Ptp = exp(-DHv/R*(1./Ttp-1./Tn))*101325\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print 'Latent heat of vaporization of benzene at 20°C %4.1f kJ/mol'%(DHv/1000)\n",
+    "print 'Entropy Change of vaporization of benzene at 20°C %3.1f J/mol'%DSv\n",
+    "print 'Triple point temperature = %4.1f K for benzene'%Ttp\n",
+    "print 'Triple point pressure = %4.2e Pa for benzene'%Ptp"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Ex8.3:Pg.No-191"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 40,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Force exerted by one leg 5.428e-05 N\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from math import cos, pi\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Varialble Declaration\n",
+    "gama = 71.99e-3   #Surface tension of water, N/m\n",
+    "r = 1.2e-4        #Radius of hemisphere, m\n",
+    "theta = 0.0       #Contact angle, rad\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "DP = 2*gama*cos(theta)/r\n",
+    "F = DP*pi*r**2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print 'Force exerted by one leg %5.3e N'%F"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Ex8.4:Pg.No-191"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 41,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Height to which water can rise by capillary action is 0.74 m\n",
+      "This is very less than 100.0 n, hence water can not reach top of tree\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from math import cos\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Varialble Declaration\n",
+    "gama = 71.99e-3   #Surface tension of water, N/m\n",
+    "r = 2e-5          #Radius of xylem, m\n",
+    "theta = 0.0       #Contact angle, rad\n",
+    "rho = 997.0       #Density of water, kg/m3\n",
+    "g = 9.81          #gravitational acceleration, m/s2\n",
+    "H = 100           #Height at top of redwood tree, m\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "h = 2*gama/(rho*g*r*cos(theta))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Results\n",
+    "print 'Height to which water can rise by capillary action is %3.2f m'%h\n",
+    "print 'This is very less than %4.1f n, hence water can not reach top of tree'%H"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.11"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}