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+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:2af58c41d3e9a37ed73ccccf2f28cbf6901991c8026760ee1d6bb639ca43e341"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 19 : EMF and the thermodynamics of ions"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.1 Page No : 466"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "h = 23070. \t\t\t#cal volt**-1 g equiv**-1\n",
+ "n = 2. \t\t\t#electrons\n",
+ "e = 1.005 \t\t\t#volts\n",
+ "T = 25. \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "e1 = 1.015 \t\t\t#volts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "dH = (-n*h*(e-((273.2+T)*(e-e1)/T)))/1000\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'Heat change in the cell reaction = %.2f kcal'%(dH)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Heat change in the cell reaction = -51.87 kcal\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.2 Page No : 482"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "E = -0.344 \t\t\t#volt\n",
+ "E1 = -0.401 \t\t\t#volt\n",
+ "R = 0.05914 \t\t\t#volt\n",
+ "n = 4.\n",
+ "T = 25. \t \t\t#C\n",
+ "H = -7300. \t\t \t#cal\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "po2 = 10**(-n*(E-E1)/R)\n",
+ "dH = -0.5*n*H+0.5*n*(273+T)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'Pressure of Oxygen = %.1e atm'%(po2)\n",
+ "print ' Change in Enthalpy = %.f cal'%(dH+4)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Pressure of Oxygen = 1.4e-04 atm\n",
+ " Change in Enthalpy = 15200 cal\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.3 Page No : 489"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "H = -60.15 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "e = 2.924 \t\t\t#volt\n",
+ "v = 23070. \t\t\t#cc\n",
+ "T = 25. \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "Sm = 15.2 \t\t\t#E.U.mole**-1\n",
+ "Sg = 31.2 \t\t\t#E.U.mole**-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "dS = (H*1000-(-e*v))/(273.2+T)\n",
+ "Sk = (dS+Sm)-0.5*Sg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'Standard entropy of pottasium ion = %.1f E.U.g ion**-1'%(Sk)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Standard entropy of pottasium ion = 24.1 E.U.g ion**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.4 Page No : 490"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "dS = -4.61 \t\t\t#E.Ugm ion**-1\n",
+ "SH = 31.21 \t\t\t#E.U gm ion**-1\n",
+ "Sm = 9.95 \t\t\t#E.U gm ion**-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "Szn = dS-SH+Sm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'Standard entropy of zinc ion = %.1f E.U.g ion**-1'%(Szn)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Standard entropy of zinc ion = -25.9 E.U.g ion**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.5 Page No : 491"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "import math \n",
+ "n = 2.\n",
+ "T = 25. \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "R = 4.576 \n",
+ "is_ = 9.57*10**-6\n",
+ "n1 = 4.\n",
+ "f = 0.509 \t\t\t#volts\n",
+ "dH = 5970. \t\t\t#cal\n",
+ "SBa = 2.3 \t\t\t#E.U. gm ion**-1\n",
+ "Sba = 31.5 \t\t\t#E.U. gm ion6-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "r = 10**(-n1*f*math.sqrt(n1*is_))\n",
+ "dF = -n*R*(273.2+T)*math.log10(is_*r)\n",
+ "dS = (dH-dF)/(273.2+T)\n",
+ "Sso = Sba-SBa+dS\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'Standard entropy of sulfate ion = %.1f E.U.g ion**-1'%(Sso)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Standard entropy of sulfate ion = 3.2 E.U.g ion**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.6 Page No : 496"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "f1 = 20.66 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "h1 = 21.6 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "e1 = 50.34 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "f2 = 0 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "f3 = -56.70 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "f4 = -26.25 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "h2 = 0 \t \t\t#kcal\n",
+ "h3 = -68.32 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "h4 = -49.5 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "e2 = 49.00 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "e3 = 16.75 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "e4 = 35 \t\t\t#kcal\n",
+ "n1 = 2\n",
+ "n2 = 1.5\n",
+ "n3 = 1\n",
+ "T = 25 \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "dF = n1*f4-(n1*f1+f3)\n",
+ "dH = n1*h4-(n1*h1+h3)\n",
+ "dS = n1*e4-(n1*e1+e3+n2*e2)\n",
+ "dS1 = (dH-dF)*1000/(273.2+T)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'free energy = %.2f kcal'%(dF)\n",
+ "print ' heat of formation = %.1f kcal'%(dH)\n",
+ "print ' Entropy = %.1f E.U'%(dS)\n",
+ "print ' Entropy umath.sing heat of formation and free energy = %.1f E.U'%(dS1)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "free energy = -37.12 kcal\n",
+ " heat of formation = -73.9 kcal\n",
+ " Entropy = -120.9 E.U\n",
+ " Entropy umath.sing heat of formation and free energy = -123.3 E.U\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+} \ No newline at end of file
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