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+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:24358c055307caa3764298de0f3c55c7302f3945715dac67660be1528e9deeb6"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 11 : Phase Equilibria"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.1 Page No : 225"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "T = 0. \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "sv = 1.0001 \t\t\t#cc g**-1\n",
+ "sv1 = 1.0907 \t\t\t#cc g**-1\n",
+ "R = 0.0242 \t \t\t#atm**-1 cc**-1 cal\n",
+ "p = 79.8 \t\t \t#atm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "r = (273.2+T)*(sv-sv1)*R/p\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'rate of change of melting point = %.4f deg atm**-1'%(r)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "rate of change of melting point = -0.0075 deg atm**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.2 Page No : 225"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "T = 95.5 \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "p = 1. \t\t\t#atm\n",
+ "v = 0.0126 \t\t\t#cc g**-1\n",
+ "a = 0.0242 \t\t\t#cal cc**-1 atm**-1\n",
+ "r = 0.035 \t\t\t#K atm**-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "dH = (273.2+T)*v*a/r\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'Heat of transition = %.1f cal g**-1'%(dH)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Heat of transition = 3.2 cal g**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.3 Page No : 226"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "T = 100. \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "j = 0.0242 \t\t\t#cal cc**-1 atm6-1\n",
+ "k = 539. \t\t\t#cal g**-1\n",
+ "p = 1664. \t\t\t#cc g**-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "r = (273.2+T)*(p-1)*j/k\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'Rise in temperature per unit of pressure = %.1f deg atm**-1'%(r)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Rise in temperature per unit of pressure = 27.9 deg atm**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.4 Page No : 228"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "T1 = 100. \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "T2 = 90. \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "p = 76. \t\t\t#cm of hg\n",
+ "H = 542*18.02 \t\t\t#cal mole**-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "p1 = p/10**((H/4.576)*((T1-T2)/((273.2+T1)*(273.2+T2))))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'Final vapour pressure of water = %.1f cm'%(p1)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Final vapour pressure of water = 52.9 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.5 Page No : 230"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "T = 239.05 \t\t\t#K\n",
+ "r = 0.0242 \t\t\t#cal cc6-1 atm**-1\n",
+ "Vv = 269.1 \t\t\t#cc g**-1\n",
+ "Vl = 0.7 \t\t\t#cc g**-1\n",
+ "r1 = 3.343 \t\t\t#cm of mercury deg6-1\n",
+ "p = 76. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "tbyp = r1/p\n",
+ "dH = T*(Vv-Vl)*tbyp*r\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'heat of vapourisation of liquid chlorine = %.1f cal g**-1'%(dH)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "heat of vapourisation of liquid chlorine = 68.3 cal g**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.6 Page No : 231"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "Ta = 441. \t\t \t#C\n",
+ "Tb = 882. \t \t\t#C\n",
+ "Tb1 = 1218. \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "Ta1 = (273+Tb1)*(Tb+273)/(273+Ta)\n",
+ "Tb = Ta1-273\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'Normal boiling point of silver = %.f K'%(Ta1)\n",
+ "print ' Normal boiling point of silver in degrees = %.f degrees'%(Tb)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Normal boiling point of silver = 2412 K\n",
+ " Normal boiling point of silver in degrees = 2139 degrees\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.7 Page No : 233"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "import math \n",
+ "T = 40. \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "T1 = 80.1 \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "H = 2*(273.2+T1)\n",
+ "p = math.e**(-(H/(4.576*(273.2+T)))+4.59)/3.07\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'vapour pressure = %.1f cm'%(p)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "vapour pressure = 19.6 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.8 Page No : 237"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "p = 23.76 \t\t\t#mm\n",
+ "R = 0.082 \t\t\t#atm-lit deg**-1 mol**-1\n",
+ "T = 25. \t\t\t#C\n",
+ "vl = 18 \t\t\t#ml\n",
+ "p1 = 1. \t\t\t#atm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "dP = 0.001*vl*p*p1/(R*(273+T))\n",
+ "p2 = p+dP\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'vapour pressure = %.2f mm'%(p2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Note : ANSWER GIVEN IN THE TEXTBOOK IS WRONG\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "vapour pressure = 23.78 mm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.9 Page No : 246"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "# Variables\n",
+ "T = 25. \t\t\t #C\n",
+ "R = 8.314*10**7 \t\t#ergs /mol K\n",
+ "st = 72. \t\t \t#dynes cm**-1\n",
+ "mv = 18. \t \t\t#cc mole**-1\n",
+ "r = 10.**-5 \t\t\t#cm\n",
+ "p = 23.76 \t\t\t#cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "p1 = p*10**(2*st*mv/(r*R*2.303*(273.2+T)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print 'vapour pressure = %.2f mm'%(p1)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "vapour pressure = 24.01 mm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+} \ No newline at end of file
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