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diff --git a/Thermodynamics/ch1.ipynb b/Thermodynamics/ch1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..dc49e665 --- /dev/null +++ b/Thermodynamics/ch1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1870 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:4cf1e7286a20ca85f0002525c71db2c8ec4a9e4ec5950a0f8b9459ae66a70214" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 1 : Thermodynamics Concepts" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.4 Page No : 21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "m = 500;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "g = 7.925;\t\t\t#m/s**2\n", + "Z = 40; \t\t\t#Km\n", + "C = 2400;\t\t\t#Kmph\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "PE = m*g*Z*1000;\t \t\t#Nm\n", + "print (\"Relative to earth.\");\n", + "print \"Potential Energy in Nm : %.3e\"%PE\n", + "\n", + "KE = m*(C*1000./3600)**2/2;\t\t\t#Nm\n", + "print \"Kinetic Energy in Nm : %.3e\"%KE\n", + "print (\"Relative to moon.\");\n", + "\n", + "w = 2.94*m;\t \t\t #Nm\n", + "PE = w*Z*1000;\t \t\t#Nm\n", + "print \"Potential Energy in Nm : %.2e\"%PE\n", + "\n", + "KE = m*(C*1000./3600)**2/2;\t\t\t#Nm\n", + "print \"Kinetic Energy in Nm : %.3e\"%KE\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Relative to earth.\n", + "Potential Energy in Nm : 1.585e+08\n", + "Kinetic Energy in Nm : 1.111e+08\n", + "Relative to moon.\n", + "Potential Energy in Nm : 5.88e+07\n", + "Kinetic Energy in Nm : 1.111e+08\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.5 Page No : 22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "VGR = 57.;\t \t\t#KN/m**2\n", + "Patm = 765.;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#101.325KN/m**2 = 760 mm of Hg\n", + "VGR = VGR*760/101.325;\t\t\t#mm og Hg\n", + "Pabs = Patm-VGR;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Absolute pressure in mm of Hg : %.2f\"%(Pabs)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Absolute pressure in mm of Hg : 337.46\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.6 Page No : 22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "g = 9.81; \t\t\t#m/s**2\n", + "rho_o = 0.825*10**3;\t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n", + "rho_w = 1.*10**3;\t \t\t#Kg/m**3\n", + "rho_Hg = 13.45*10**3;\t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n", + "h_o = 50./100; \t \t\t#m\n", + "h_w = 65./100;\t \t \t#m\n", + "h_Hg = 45./100;\t\t \t #m\n", + "Patm = 1.01325;\t\t\t #bar\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "P_Hg = rho_Hg*g*h_Hg;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "P_w = rho_w*g*h_w;\t\t\t #N/m**2\n", + "P_o = rho_o*g*h_o;\t\t\t #N/m**2\n", + "Pbase = (Patm*10**5+P_Hg+P_o+P_w);\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "print \"Pressure at the base of column in N/m**2 : %.5e\"%Pbase\n", + "\n", + "P_OilWater = Patm*10**5+P_o;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "print \"Pressure at the oil-water surface in N/m**2 : %.5e\"%P_OilWater\n", + "\n", + "P_WaterMercury = Patm*10**5+P_o+P_w;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "print \"Pressure at the water-mercury surface in N/m**2 : %.5e\"%P_WaterMercury\n", + "\n", + "#Answer in the book is not accurate.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Pressure at the base of column in N/m**2 : 1.71123e+05\n", + "Pressure at the oil-water surface in N/m**2 : 1.05372e+05\n", + "Pressure at the water-mercury surface in N/m**2 : 1.11748e+05\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.7 Page No : 23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "rho = 1000.;\t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n", + "d = 0.3;\t \t\t#m\n", + "C = 1.5;\t\t \t#m/s\n", + "h = 4.5;\t\t \t#m\n", + "FlowRate = 2000.\t\t#Kg/min\n", + "d2 = 15./100;\t\t\t#diameter of discharging line in meter\n", + "t = 15. \t\t\t#min\n", + "r = 3.\t \t\t#m\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "WaterDischarge = rho*math.pi/4*(d/2)**2*C*t*60;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "WaterReceived = FlowRate*t; \t\t\t#Kg\n", + "NetWaterReceived = WaterReceived-WaterDischarge;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "print \"Mass change in tank in Kg : %.1f\"%(NetWaterReceived)\n", + "\n", + "#m = rho*A*h\n", + "h = NetWaterReceived/rho/(math.pi/4*r**2);\t\t\t#m\n", + "print \"Water level in meter : %.4f\"%(h)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mass change in tank in Kg : 6143.5\n", + "Water level in meter : 0.8691\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.8 Page No : 23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "Pmercury = 10.;\t\t\t#cm of Hg\n", + "Patm = 76. \t\t\t#cm of Hg\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "Pwater = 3.5/13.6 \t\t\t#cm of Hg\n", + "Pabs = Pmercury+Patm-Pwater;\t\t\t#cm of Hg\n", + "Pabs = Pabs/76*1.01325;\t\t \t#bar\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Absolute pressure of steam in bar : %.4f\"%(Pabs)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Absolute pressure of steam in bar : 1.1431\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.9 Page No : 23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "Pmercury = 10.;\t\t\t#cm of Hg\n", + "Patm = 760. \t\t\t#mm of Hg\n", + "Patm = 1.01325 \t\t#bar\n", + "Pabs = 1.2 \t\t\t#bar\n", + "sg_oil = 0.8;\n", + "sg_water = 13.6;\n", + "sg_mercury = 13.6;\n", + "rho_w = 1000.\t\t\t#Kg.m**3\n", + "g = 9.81;\t \t\t#gravity constant\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "deltaP = Pabs-Patm;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "deltaP = deltaP*10**5;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "#deltaP = rho_o*g*h_o\n", + "rho_o = sg_oil*rho_w;\t\t\t#kg/m**3\n", + "h_o = deltaP/rho_o/g;\t\t\t#m\n", + "print \"Height of fluid in oil manometer in meter : %.4f\"%(h_o)\n", + "\n", + "h_w = deltaP/rho_w/g;\t\t\t#m\n", + "print \"Height of fluid in water manometer in meter : %.4f\"%(h_w)\n", + "\n", + "rho_m = sg_mercury*rho_w;\t\t\t#kg/m**3\n", + "h_m = deltaP/rho_m/g;\t\t \t#m\n", + "print \"Height of fluid in mercury manometer in meter : %.4f\"%(h_m)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Height of fluid in oil manometer in meter : 2.3796\n", + "Height of fluid in water manometer in meter : 1.9037\n", + "Height of fluid in mercury manometer in meter : 0.1400\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.10 Page No : 24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "Patm = 75. \t\t\t#mm of Hg\n", + "Patm = Patm*1.01325/76;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "rho = 800. \t\t\t#Kg.m**3\n", + "h = 30/100. \t\t\t#m\n", + "g = 9.81 \t\t#gravity constant\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "deltaP = rho*g*h*10**-5;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "Pabs = deltaP+Patm;\t\t\t #bar\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Absolute pressure of gas in bar : %.6f\"%(Pabs)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Absolute pressure of gas in bar : 1.023462\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.11 Page No : 24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "h1 = 5.1/100; \t \t\t#m\n", + "h2 = 10./100;\t \t \t#m\n", + "Patm = 75.5;\t\t \t #mm of Hg\n", + "Patm = Patm*1.01325/76*10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "sg_k = 0.8;\n", + "sg_Hg = 13.6;\n", + "rho_w = 1000. \t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n", + "g = 9.81;\t\t \t#gravity constant\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "P_kerosine = sg_k*rho_w*g*h1;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "P_Hg = sg_Hg*rho_w*g*h2 \t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "Pabs = P_Hg+Patm-P_kerosine;\t\t\t#Nm**2\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Absolute pressure of gas in KPa : %.2f\"%(Pabs/1000)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Absolute pressure of gas in KPa : 113.60\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.12 Page No : 24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from numpy import *\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "t_ice = 0;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "p_ice = 1.5;\n", + "t_steam = 100;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "p_steam = 7.5;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#t = a*math.log(p)+b\n", + "#solving for a and b by matrix\n", + "A = array([[math.log(p_ice), 1],[math.log(p_steam) ,1]])\n", + "B = array([t_ice,t_steam])\n", + "#X = A**-1*B;\n", + "X = linalg.solve(A,B)\n", + "a = X[0]\n", + "b = X[1]\n", + "p = 3.5;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "t = a*math.log(p)+b;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Temperature scale in degree C : %.2f\"%t\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Temperature scale in degree C : 52.65\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.13 Page No : 25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "theta1_p1 = 273.16;\t\t\t#K\n", + "p_gauge1 = 32.;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n", + "p_atm = 752.;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n", + "p_gauge2 = 76.;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "P1 = p_gauge1+p_atm;\t\t \t #mm of Hg\n", + "P2 = p_gauge2+p_atm;\t \t \t#mm of Hg\n", + "theta2_p2 = theta1_p1*(P2/P1);\t\t\t#in K\n", + "theta2_p2 = theta2_p2-273;\t\t \t#degree C\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Temperature in degree C : %.2f\"%theta2_p2\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Temperature in degree C : 15.49\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.14 Page No : 25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "R0 = 2.8;\t\t\t#ohm\n", + "t0 = 0;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "R1 = 3.8;\t\t\t#ohm\n", + "t1 = 100;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "R2 = 5.8;\t\t\t#ohm\\\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#R = R0*(1+alfa*t)\n", + "alfa = (R1/R0-1)/t1;\n", + "t2 = (R2/R0-1)/alfa;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Temperature at R2 in degree C : \",t2\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Temperature at R2 in degree C : 300.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.16 Page No : 26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "#F = 2*C;\n", + "FbyC = 2;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "C = 32./(FbyC-9./5);\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "F = C*FbyC; \t\t\t#degree F\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Temperature fluid in degree R : \",F+460\n", + "print \"Temperature fluid in degree K : \",C+273\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Temperature fluid in degree R : 780.0\n", + "Temperature fluid in degree K : 433.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.17 Page No : 26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "from numpy import *\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "T1 = 0.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "K1 = 1.83;\n", + "T2 = 100.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "K2 = 6.78;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#T = a*math.log(K)+b\n", + "#solving for a and b by matrix\n", + "A = array([[math.log(K1),1],[math.log(K2), 1]])\n", + "B = array([T1,T2])\n", + "X = linalg.solve(A,B)\n", + "a = X[0]\n", + "b = X[1]\n", + "K = 2.42;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "T = a*math.log(K)+b;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Temperature in degree C : %.3f\"%T\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Temperature in degree C : 21.338\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.18 Page No : 27" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "#t = N/30-100/3\n", + "#t = N\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "N = (-100./3)/(1-1./30);\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Temperatur at which degree C equals to degree N(degree C) : %.2f\"%N\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Temperatur at which degree C equals to degree N(degree C) : -34.48\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.19 Page No : 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "#epsilon = 0.2*t-5*10**-4*t**2;\t\t\t#mV\n", + "t_ice = 0. \t\t\t#degree C\n", + "epsilon_ice = 0.2*t_ice-5*10**-4*t_ice**2;\t\t\t#mV\n", + "t_steam = 100. \t\t\t#degree C\n", + "epsilon_steam = 0.2*t_steam-5*10**-4*t_steam**2;\t\t\t#mV\n", + "\n", + "#At t = 60;\n", + "t = 60;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "epsilon = 0.2*t-5*10**-4*t**2;\t\t\t#mV\n", + "reading = (t_steam-t_ice)/(epsilon_steam-epsilon_ice)*(epsilon-epsilon_ice)\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Thermometer will read(degree C) : \",reading\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Thermometer will read(degree C) : 68.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.20 Page No : 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "from numpy import *\n", + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "tA1 = 0.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "tB1 = 0.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "tA2 = 100.\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "tB2 = 100.\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "#tA = l+m*tB+n*tb**2\n", + "l = 0;\t\t\t#by putting tA and tB equals to zero\n", + "\n", + "#tA = m*tB+n*tB**2\n", + "#Thermometer immersed in oil bath\n", + "tA1 = 51.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "tB1 = 50.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "#solving for m and n by matrix\n", + "A = array([[tB1 ,tB1**2],[tB2, tB2**2]])\n", + "B = array([tA1,tA2])\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "X = linalg.solve(A,B);\n", + "m = X[0]\n", + "n = X[1]\n", + "tA = 25;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n", + "P = [n ,m ,-tA];\t\t\t#polynomial for calculation of tB\n", + "tB = roots(P);\n", + "tB = tB[1];\t\t\t#neglecting +ve sign\n", + "print \"When A reads 25 degree C, B reading in degree C : %.3f\"%tB\n", + "\n", + "#let tB = 25;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "tB = 25;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "tA = l+m*tB+n*tB**2;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "print \"When B reads 25 degree C, A reading in degree C : \",tA\n", + "print (\"B is correct. A shows error greater than B.\")\n", + "#Answer is not accurate in the book.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "When A reads 25 degree C, B reading in degree C : 24.265\n", + "When B reads 25 degree C, A reading in degree C : 25.75\n", + "B is correct. A shows error greater than B.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.21 Page No : 33" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "p = 10.;\t \t\t#bar\n", + "T = 327.+273;\t\t\t#K\n", + "M = 42.4;\n", + "m = 1. \t\t\t#Kg\n", + "Rdegree = 8314.3;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "R = Rdegree/M;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "V = m*R*T/p/10**5;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", + "print \"Specific volume in m**3/Kg ; %.4f\"%V\n", + "\n", + "rho = m/V;\t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n", + "print \"Density of gas in Kg/m**3 : %.3f\"%rho\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Specific volume in m**3/Kg ; 0.1177\n", + "Density of gas in Kg/m**3 : 8.499\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.22 Page No : 33" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "Rdegree = 8314.3;\t\t\t#Universal Gas Consmath.tant\n", + "M = 32. \t\t\t#Molecular weight of gas\n", + "p1 = 3*10.**6. \t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "V1 = 250*10.**-3\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "T1 = 20+273. \t\t\t#K\n", + "p2 = 1.8*10**6 \t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "V2 = V1; \t\t\t#m**3\n", + "T2 = 16+273. \t\t\t#K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "R = Rdegree/M;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "m1 = p1*V1/R/T1;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "m2 = p2*V2/R/T2;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "mass_used = m1-m2;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Mass of oxygen used in Kg : %.4f\"%mass_used\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mass of oxygen used in Kg : 3.8589\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.23 Page No : 34" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "Rdegree = 8314.3;\t\t\t#Universal Gas Consmath.tant\n", + "r = 12. \t\t\t#meter\n", + "Patm = 75.\t\t \t#cm of Hg\n", + "Patm = Patm/76*1.01325*10**5;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "V = 4./3*math.pi*r**3;\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "M_air = 28.97;\n", + "M_H2 = 2.\n", + "Tair = 18.+273;\t\t\t#K\n", + "g = 9.81; \t\t\t#gravity consmath.tant\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "Rair = Rdegree/M_air;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "RH2 = Rdegree/M_H2;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "#p*V = m*R*T\n", + "m_air = Patm*V/Rair/Tair;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "print \"Mass of air in kg : %.2f\"%m_air\n", + "\n", + "n_air = m_air/M_air;\t\t\t#moles\n", + "print \"No. of moles : %.2f\"%n_air\n", + "\n", + "m_H2 = n_air*M_H2;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "print \"Mass of H2 in kg : %.2f\"%m_H2\n", + "\n", + "Load = g*(m_air-m_H2);\t\t\t#N\n", + "print \"Load balloon can lift in N ; %.1f\"%Load\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mass of air in kg : 8666.15\n", + "No. of moles : 299.14\n", + "Mass of H2 in kg : 598.28\n", + "Load balloon can lift in N ; 79145.8\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.24 Page No : 35" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "p1 = 1. \t\t\t#bar\n", + "p2 = 0.45;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "R = 287.\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", + "V = 40. \t\t\t#m**3\n", + "V1 = 40.\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "V2 = 40.\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "T1 = 35.+273;\t\t\t#K\n", + "T2 = 5.+273;\t\t\t#K\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "m = p1*10**5*V1/R/T1-p2*10**5*V2/R/T2\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Mass of air removed in Kg : %.2f\"%m\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mass of air removed in Kg : 22.691\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.26 Page No : 45" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "m = 1. \t \t\t#Kg\n", + "t = 80.\t \t \t#degree C\n", + "mw = 10.\t\t \t#Kg\n", + "t1 = 25.\t\t \t#degree C\n", + "delta_t = 5;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "t2 = delta_t+t1;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "Sw = 4.187;\t\t\t#Kj/KgK\n", + "#m*S*(t-t2) = mw*Sw*(t2-t1)\n", + "S = mw*Sw*(t2-t1)/m/(t-t2);\t\t\t#Kj/KgK\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Specific heat of metal in KJ/KgK : \",S\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Specific heat of metal in KJ/KgK : 4.187\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.27 Page No : 45" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "m = 500.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "t1 = 45.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "t0 = 5.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", + "CP = 4.18;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg-degree C\n", + "Qdot = 41.87;\t\t\t#MJ/hr\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "Q = m*CP*(t1-t0);\t\t\t#KJ\n", + "Q = Q/1000;\t\t\t#MJ\n", + "Time = Q/Qdot;\t\t\t#hrs\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Time required in hours : %.5f\"%Time\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Time required in hours : 1.99666\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.28 Page No : 45" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import scipy\n", + "from scipy.integrate import quad \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "V1 = 2;\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "V2 = 4;\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "def f24(V): \n", + "\t return 10**5*(V**2+6*V)\n", + "\n", + "W = quad(f24,V1,V2)[0]\n", + "\n", + "W = W/1000.;\t\t\t#KJ\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Work done in KJ : %.1f\"%W\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Work done in KJ : 5466.7\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.29 Page No : 46" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "from scipy.integrate import quad \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "p1 = 3.;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "V1 = 0.18;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", + "p2 = 0.6;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "C = p1*10**5*V1**2;\t\t\t#Nm\n", + "V2 = math.sqrt((p1/p2)*V1**2);\t\t\t#m**3Kg\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "def f27(V): \n", + " return C/V**2\n", + "\n", + "W = quad(f27,V1,V2)[0]\n", + "\n", + "W = W/1000;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Work done in KJ/Kg : %.3f\"%W\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Work done in KJ/Kg : 29.850\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 44 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.30 Page No : 46" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "from numpy import *\n", + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "W = 160.\t \t\t#kJ\n", + "W = W*1000.\t\t \t#J\n", + "V1 = 800. \t\t\t#litres\n", + "V1 = V1/1000.\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#p = 7-3*V\n", + "#[7*(V2-V1)-1.5*(V2**2-V1**2)]-W/10**5 = 0;\t\t\t#Nm or J\n", + "#7*V2-7*V1-1.5*V2**2+1.5*V1**2-W/10**5;\t\t\t#Nm or J\n", + "#P = [-10**5*1.5 10**5*7 -10**5*7*V1+10**5*1.5*V1**2-W]\n", + "P = array([-1.5, 7, -7*V1+1.5*V1**2-W/10**5])\n", + "V2 = roots(P);\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "V2 = V2[1]\t\t\t #(V2(1) gives -ve value which is not possible)\n", + "print \"Final Volume in m**3 : %.4f\"%V2\n", + "\n", + "P2 = 7-3*V2;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "print \"Final Pressure in bar : %.3f\"%P2\n", + "#Answer is wrong in the book as calculation is wrong for V2.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Final Volume in m**3 : 1.2000\n", + "Final Pressure in bar : 3.400\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.31 Page No : 47" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import scipy\n", + "from scipy.integrate import quad \n", + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "p0 = 1. \t\t\t#bar\n", + "p0 = p0*10**5;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "V1 = 0;\t\t \t#m**3\n", + "V2 = 0.7;\t\t\t #m**3\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#No p.dV work for cylinder as boundaries are \n", + "def f18(V): \n", + " return 1.\n", + "\n", + "W = p0* quad(f18,V1,V2)[0]\n", + "\n", + "W = W/1000.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Workdone by the system in KJ : \",W\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Workdone by the system in KJ : 70.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.32 Page No : 48" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import scipy\n", + "from scipy.integrate import quad \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "p0 = 101.3;\t\t\t#KPa\n", + "V1 = 1.2;\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "V2 = 0;\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "def f6(V): \n", + "\t return 1\n", + "\n", + "W = p0* quad(f6,V1,V2)[0]\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Workdone by the air in KJ : \",W\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Workdone by the air in KJ : -121.56\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.33 Page No : 48" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import scipy\n", + "from scipy.integrate import quad \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "T1 = 300;\t\t\t#K\n", + "T2 = 2300;\t\t\t#K\n", + "Gamma = 1.5;\n", + "m = 1;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "def f14(T): \n", + "\t return m*(0.85+0.00004*T+5*10**-5*T**2)\n", + "\n", + "H2subH1 = quad(f14,T1,T2)[0]\n", + "\n", + "print \"Change in enthalpy in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%H2subH1\n", + "\n", + "def f15(T): \n", + "\t return m*(0.85+0.00004*T+5*10**-5*T**2)/Gamma\n", + "\n", + "U2subU1 = quad(f15,T1,T2)[0]\n", + "\n", + "print \"Change in internal energy in KJ : %.1f\"%U2subU1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Change in enthalpy in KJ/Kg : 204137.3\n", + "Change in internal energy in KJ : 136091.6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.34 Page No : 53" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "m = 1.; \t\t\t #Kg\n", + "v = 1.;\t \t\t#m**3\n", + "T = 127.+273;\t\t\t#K\n", + "a = 138.;\t\t \t#KNm**4/(Kgmol)**2\n", + "a = a*10.**3;\t\t\t#Nm**4/(Kgmol)**2\n", + "M_O2 = 32.;\t\t\t #\n", + "vm = v*M_O2;\t\t\t#m**3/Kgmol\n", + "\n", + "#p*v = n*R*T\n", + "n = 1.\n", + "R = 8314.3;\t\t\t #gas constant\n", + "p = n*R*T/vm;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "print \"Pressure using perfect gas equation in N/m**2 : %.1f\"%p\n", + "\n", + "#[p+a/vm**2]*[vm-b] = R*T\n", + "b = 0.0318;\n", + "p = R*T/(vm-b)-a/vm**2;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "print \"Pressure using Vander Walls equation in N/m**2 : %.1f\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Pressure using perfect gas equation in N/m**2 : 103928.7\n", + "Pressure using Vander Walls equation in N/m**2 : 103897.4\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.35 Page No : 54" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "m = 22.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "T = 300.;\t\t\t#K\n", + "V = 5.; \t\t\t#m**3\n", + "M = 44.;\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n", + "a = 362.9;\t\t\t#KNm**4/Kgmol**2\n", + "b = 0.0314;\t\t\t#m**3/Kgmol\n", + "Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#gas consmath.tant\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "R = Rdash/M;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "p = m*R*T/V;\t\t\t#Pa\n", + "p = p/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "print \"Pressure, when gas behaves like a perfect gas in bar : %.4f\"%p\n", + "\n", + "Vdash = V/m*M;\t\t\t#m**3/Kgmole\n", + "#[p+a/vm**2]*[vm-b] = R*T\n", + "p = Rdash*T/(Vdash-b)-a*10**3/Vdash**2;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "print \"Pressure umath.sing Vander Walls equation in bar : %.4f\"%(p/10**5)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Pressure, when gas behaves like a perfect gas in bar : 2.4943\n", + "Pressure umath.sing Vander Walls equation in bar : 2.4659\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.36 Page No : 54" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "pc = 37.7;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "Tc = 132.5;\t\t\t#K\n", + "vc = 0.093;\t\t\t#m**3Kgmol\n", + "R = 287.;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "m = 10.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "T = 300.;\t\t\t#K\n", + "V = 0.3;\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "a = 27.*R**2*Tc**2./64./pc/10**5;\n", + "b = R*Tc/8/pc/10**5;\t\t\t#\n", + "#(p+a/V**2)*(V-b) = R*T\n", + "p = R*T/(V-b)-a/V**2;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n", + "p = p/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Pressure exerted by air in bar : %.4f\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Pressure exerted by air in bar : 2.8641\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.37 Page No : 55" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "pc = 221.2;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "Tc = 374.15+273;\t\t\t#K\n", + "p = 100.;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "T = 400.+273;\t\t\t#K\n", + "R = 462.;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#p*v = R*T\n", + "v = R*T/p/10**5;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", + "print \"Specific volume, v by perfect gas equation in m**3/Kg : %.5f\"%v\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "pr = p/pc;\n", + "Tr = T/Tc;\n", + "Z = 0.84;\t\t\t#From compressibility chart\n", + "v = Z*R*T/p/10**5\n", + "print \"Specific volume, v by compressibility chart in m**3/Kg : %.5f\"%v\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Specific volume, v by perfect gas equation in m**3/Kg : 0.03109\n", + "Specific volume, v by compressibility chart in m**3/Kg : 0.02612\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.38 Page No : 55" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "pr = 5;\n", + "Z = 0.8;\n", + "pc = 46.4;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "Tc = 191.1;\t\t\t#K\n", + "Tr = 1.44;\t\t\t#\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "p = pr*pc;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "print \"Pressure in bar : \",p\n", + "\n", + "T = Tr*Tc;\t\t\t#K\n", + "print \"Temperature in K : \",T\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Pressure in bar : 232.0\n", + "Temperature in K : 275.184\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.39 Page No : 56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "V = 0.01653;\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "m = 5.6; \t\t\t#Kg\n", + "M = 28. \t \t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n", + "p = 200.\t\t \t#bar\n", + "Z = 0.605;\n", + "Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n", + "R = Rdash/M;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#p*V = m*Z*R*T\n", + "T = p*10**5*V/m/Z/R;\t\t\t#K\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Temperature in K : %.2f\"%T\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Temperature in K : 328.62\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.40 Page No : 61" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "mCO = 0.45;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "mAir = 1;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "V = 0.4;\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "T = 15.+273;\t\t\t#K\n", + "MCO = 28.;\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmo\n", + "MO2 = 32.;\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n", + "MN2 = 28.;\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "mO2 = 23.3/100*mAir;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "mN2 = 76.7/100*mAir;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n", + "#p*V = m*Z*R*T\n", + "pCO = mCO*Rdash/MCO*T/V/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "pO2 = mO2*Rdash/MO2*T/V/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "pN2 = mN2*Rdash/MN2*T/V/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Pressure of CO in bar : %.4f\"%pCO\n", + "print \"Pressure of O2 in bar : %.4f\"%pO2\n", + "print \"Pressure of N2 in bar : %.4f\"%pN2\n", + "p = pCO+pO2+pN2;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "print \"Total pressure in vessel in bar : %.4f\"%p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Pressure of CO in bar : 0.9621\n", + "Pressure of O2 in bar : 0.4359\n", + "Pressure of N2 in bar : 1.6398\n", + "Total pressure in vessel in bar : 3.0378\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 39 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.41 Page No : 61" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "ma = 0.4;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "mb = 0.8;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "Ma = 44.;\n", + "Mb = 29.;\n", + "V = 0.4;\t\t\t#m**3\n", + "T = 300.;\t\t\t#K\n", + "Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "Ra = Rdash/Ma;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "Rb = Rdash/Mb;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "na = ma/Ma;\t\t\t#moles\n", + "nb = mb/Mb;\t\t\t#moles\n", + "#p*V = n*R*T\n", + "pa = na*Rdash/1000*T/V;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "pb = nb*Rdash/1000*T/V;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Pressure of container A in KPa : %.2f\"%pa\n", + "print \"Pressure of container B in KPa : %.2f\"%pb\n", + "p = pa+pb;\t\t\t#Kpa\n", + "print \"Pressure of mixture in KPa : %.2f\"%p\n", + "\n", + "#Ans of Pb is wrong in the book.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Pressure of container A in KPa : 56.69\n", + "Pressure of container B in KPa : 172.02\n", + "Pressure of mixture in KPa : 228.71\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.42 Page No : 62" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n", + "mO2 = 23.15/100;\n", + "mN2 = 75.52/100;\n", + "mArgon = 1.29/100;\n", + "mCO2 = 0.04/100;\n", + "MO2 = 32.;\n", + "MN2 = 28.;\n", + "MArgon = 40.;\n", + "MCO2 = 44.;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "RO2 = Rdash/MO2;\t\t\t#J/KgK\n", + "RN2 = Rdash/MN2;\t\t\t#J/KgK\n", + "RArgon = Rdash/MArgon;\t\t\t#J/KgK\n", + "RCO2 = Rdash/MCO2;\t\t\t#J/KgK\n", + "R = (mO2*RO2+mN2*RN2+RArgon*mArgon+RCO2*mCO2)/(mO2+mN2+mArgon+mCO2);\t\t\t#J/KgK\n", + "print \"Characteristic gas constant for air in J/KgK : %.2f\"%R\n", + "\n", + "M = Rdash/R;\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n", + "print \"Molecular weight of air in Kg/Kgmol : %.3f\"%M\n", + "\n", + "p = 1.013; \t\t\t#bar\n", + "nO2 = mO2/MO2;\t \t\t#moles\n", + "nCO2 = mCO2/MCO2;\t\t\t#moles\n", + "nN2 = mN2/MN2;\t\t \t#moles\n", + "nArgon = mArgon/MArgon;\t\t\t#moles\n", + "n = nO2+nN2+nArgon+nCO2;\n", + "pO2 = nO2/n*p;\t\t \t#bar\n", + "pN2 = nN2/n*p;\t\t \t #bar\n", + "pArgon = nArgon/n*p;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "pCO2 = nCO2/n*p;\t \t\t#bar\n", + "\n", + "print \"Pressure of O2 in bar : %.4f\"%pO2\n", + "print \"Pressure of N2 in bar : %.4f\"%pN2\n", + "print \"Pressure of Argon in bar : %.4f\"%pArgon\n", + "print \"Pressure of CO2 in bar : %.5f\"%pCO2\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Characteristic gas constant for air in J/KgK : 287.15\n", + "Molecular weight of air in Kg/Kgmol : 28.954\n", + "Pressure of O2 in bar : 0.2122\n", + "Pressure of N2 in bar : 0.7911\n", + "Pressure of Argon in bar : 0.0095\n", + "Pressure of CO2 in bar : 0.00027\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.43 Page No : 63" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "# Variables :\n", + "yO2 = 0.3;\n", + "yN2 = 0.5;\n", + "yCO2 = 0.2;\n", + "V = 1.; \t\t\t#m**3\n", + "T = 27+273;\t\t\t#K\n", + "m = 8.;\t \t\t#Kg\n", + "MO2 = 32.;\n", + "MN2 = 28.;\n", + "MCO2 = 44.;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "M = 1/(yO2/MO2+yN2/MN2+yCO2/MCO2);\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n", + "print \"Molecular mass for mixture in Kg/Kgmol : %.3f\"%M\n", + "\n", + "Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n", + "R = Rdash/M;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n", + "print \"Gas consmath.tant R of mixture in Nm/KgK : %.1f\"%R\n", + "\n", + "p = m*R*T/V/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", + "print \"Pressure exerted by gases in bar : %.3f\"%p\n", + "\n", + "nO2 = yO2/MO2*m;\t\t\t#moles\n", + "nCO2 = yCO2/MCO2*m;\t\t\t#moles\n", + "nN2 = yN2/MN2*m;\t\t\t#moles\n", + "print \"Mole fraction of O2(moles) : %.4f\"%nO2\n", + "print \"Mole fraction of N2(moles) : %.4f\"%nN2\n", + "print \"Mole fraction of CO2(moles) : %.4f\"%nCO2\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Molecular mass for mixture in Kg/Kgmol : 31.469\n", + "Gas consmath.tant R of mixture in Nm/KgK : 264.2\n", + "Pressure exerted by gases in bar : 6.341\n", + "Mole fraction of O2(moles) : 0.0750\n", + "Mole fraction of N2(moles) : 0.1429\n", + "Mole fraction of CO2(moles) : 0.0364\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.44 Page No : 64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables :\n", + "mN2 = 4.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "mO2 = 2.4;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "mCO2 = 1.6;\t\t\t#Kg\n", + "MO2 = 32.;\n", + "MN2 = 28.;\n", + "MCO2 = 44.;\n", + "Gamma = 1.4;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#Rdash = Cpdash*(1-1/Gamma)\n", + "Rdash = 8.3143;\t\t\t#J/KgK\n", + "Cpdash = Rdash*Gamma/(Gamma-1);\t\t\t#KJ/KgmolK\n", + "Cvdash = Cpdash/Gamma;\t\t\t#KJ/KgmolK\n", + "CpO2 = Cpdash/MO2;\t\t\t#KJ/KgmolK\n", + "CpN2 = Cpdash/MN2;\t\t\t#KJ/KgmolK\n", + "CpCO2 = Cpdash/MCO2;\t\t\t#KJ/KgmolK\n", + "CvO2 = Cvdash/MO2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", + "CvN2 = Cvdash/MN2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", + "CvCO2 = Cvdash/MCO2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print (\"Specific heat of gases : \");\n", + "print \"For N2, Cp is %.3f\"%(CpN2),\" KJ/Kg & Cv is %.4f\"%CvN2,\" KJ/Kg.\"\n", + "print \"For O2, Cp is %.3f\"%CpO2,\" KJ/Kg & Cv is %.4f\"%CvO2,\" KJ/Kg.\"\n", + "print \"For CO2, Cp is %.3f\"%CpCO2,\" KJ/Kg & Cv is %.4f\"%CvCO2,\" KJ/Kg.\"\n", + "Cp = (mO2*CpO2+mN2*CpN2+mCO2*CpCO2)/(mO2+mN2+mCO2);\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", + "print \"Specific heat of mixture, Cp in KJ/KgK : %.5f\"%Cp\n", + "Cv = (mO2*CvO2+mN2*CvN2+mCO2*CvCO2)/(mO2+mN2+mCO2);\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", + "print \"Specific heat of mixture, Cv in KJ/KgK : %.4f\"%Cv\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Specific heat of gases : \n", + "For N2, Cp is 1.039 KJ/Kg & Cv is 0.7423 KJ/Kg.\n", + "For O2, Cp is 0.909 KJ/Kg & Cv is 0.6496 KJ/Kg.\n", + "For CO2, Cp is 0.661 KJ/Kg & Cv is 0.4724 KJ/Kg.\n", + "Specific heat of mixture, Cp in KJ/KgK : 0.92473\n", + "Specific heat of mixture, Cv in KJ/KgK : 0.6605\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 44 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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