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+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "Chapter VIII"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 8: Working with functions"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.1, Page number: 120"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.1.py\n",
+ "#Writing a Function in python\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def printMessage(): #Function to Print Message\n",
+ " print(\"Programming is Fun.\\n\") #Print Statement\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def main(): #Main() function\n",
+ " printMessage()\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "if __name__ =='__main__': #Setting Top-level conditional script\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Programming is Fun.\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.2, Page number: 121"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.2.py\n",
+ "#Calling Functions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def printMessage(): #Function to Print Message\n",
+ " print(\"Programming is Fun.\\n\") #Print Statement\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def main(): #Main() function\n",
+ " printMessage() #First Function call\n",
+ " printMessage() #Second Function Call\n",
+ "\n",
+ "if __name__ =='__main__': #Setting Top-level conditional script\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Programming is Fun.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Programming is Fun.\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.3, Page number: 122"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.3.py\n",
+ "#More on Calling Functions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def printMessage(): #Function to Print Message\n",
+ " print(\"Programming is Fun.\\n\") #Print Statement\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def main(): \n",
+ " for i in range (1,6): #Main() function\n",
+ " printMessage()\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "if __name__ =='__main__': #Setting Top-level script environment\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Programming is Fun.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Programming is Fun.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Programming is Fun.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Programming is Fun.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Programming is Fun.\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.4, Page number: 123"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.4.py\n",
+ "#Calculating the nth Triangular Number\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def calculateTriangularNumber(n): #Function to calculate triangular number\n",
+ " triangularNumber=0 #Variable Dclaration\n",
+ " \n",
+ " for i in range (1,n+1): #Calculation/Iteration\n",
+ " triangularNumber+=i\n",
+ " \n",
+ " print(\"Triangular Number {0} is {1}\".format(n,triangularNumber))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ " calculateTriangularNumber(10) #Function call-1\n",
+ " calculateTriangularNumber(20) #Function call-2\n",
+ " calculateTriangularNumber(50) #Function call-3\n",
+ " \n",
+ "\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__': #Setting top level conditional script\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Triangular Number 10 is 55\n",
+ "Triangular Number 20 is 210\n",
+ "Triangular Number 50 is 1275\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.5, Page number: 125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.5.py\n",
+ "#Revising the Program to Find the Greatest Common Divisor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Import Library \n",
+ "import sys \n",
+ "\n",
+ "def gcd(u,v): #Function to calculate gcd\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"gcd of {0} and {1} is: \".format(u,v))\n",
+ " while(v!=0):\n",
+ " temp=u%v\n",
+ " u=v\n",
+ " v=temp\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"{0}\\n\".format(u))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def main(): #Main() function\n",
+ " gcd(150,35) \n",
+ " gcd(1026,405)\n",
+ " gcd(83,240)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__': #Setting Top level conditional script \n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "gcd of 150 and 35 is: 5\n",
+ "gcd of 1026 and 405 is: 27\n",
+ "gcd of 83 and 240 is: 1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.6, Page number: 127"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.6.py\n",
+ "#Finding the Greatest Common Divisor and Returning the Results\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Import Library \n",
+ "import sys \n",
+ "\n",
+ "def gcd(u,v): #Function to calculate gcd\n",
+ "\n",
+ " while(v!=0):\n",
+ " temp=u%v\n",
+ " u=v\n",
+ " v=temp\n",
+ " return u\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def main(): #Main() function\n",
+ " result= gcd(150,35) \n",
+ " print(\"the gcd of 150 and 35 is: {0}\".format(result))\n",
+ " result=gcd(1026,405)\n",
+ " print(\"the gcd of 1026 and 405 is: {0}\".format(result)) \n",
+ " result= gcd(83,240)\n",
+ " print(\"the gcd of 83 and 240 is: {0}\".format(result))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__': #Top level conditional script \n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "the gcd of 150 and 35 is: 5\n",
+ "the gcd of 1026 and 405 is: 27\n",
+ "the gcd of 83 and 240 is: 1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.7, Page number: 129"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.7.py\n",
+ "#Calculating the Absolute Value\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#yourstory.in\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "def absoluteValue(x): #Function to calculate & return absolute values\n",
+ " if(x<0):\n",
+ " x=-x\n",
+ " return x\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def main(): #Main() Function\n",
+ " \n",
+ " f1=-15.5\n",
+ " f2=20.0\n",
+ " f3=-5.0\n",
+ " il=-716\n",
+ "#Result \n",
+ " result=absoluteValue(f1)\n",
+ " print(\"result= {0:.2f}\".format(result))\n",
+ " print(\"f1={0:.2f}\".format(f1))\n",
+ "\n",
+ " result=absoluteValue(f2)+absoluteValue(f3)\n",
+ " print(\"result= {0:.2f}\".format(result))\n",
+ "\n",
+ " result=absoluteValue(float(il))\n",
+ " print(\"result= {0:.2f}\".format(result))\n",
+ " \n",
+ " result=absoluteValue(il)\n",
+ " print(\"resut= {0:.2f}\".format(result))\n",
+ "\n",
+ " print(\"{0:.2f}\".format(absoluteValue((-6.0)/4)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#End of Main()\n",
+ " \n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__': #Setting Top level conditional script\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "result= 15.50\n",
+ "f1=-15.50\n",
+ "result= 25.00\n",
+ "result= 716.00\n",
+ "resut= 716.00\n",
+ "1.50\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.8, Page number: 132"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.8.py\n",
+ "#Calculating the Square Root of a Number using Newton-Raphson Method \n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to return absolute value\n",
+ "def absoluteValue(x): \n",
+ " if(x<0):\n",
+ " x=-x\n",
+ " return x\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#function to calculate square root\n",
+ "def squareRoot(x):\n",
+ " epsilon=0.0001\n",
+ " guess=1.0\n",
+ " while(absoluteValue(guess*guess-x)>=epsilon):\n",
+ " guess=(x/guess+guess)/2.0\n",
+ " return guess\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Main()\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ " print(\"squareRoot (2.0) = {0}\".format(squareRoot (2.0)));\n",
+ " print(\"squareRoot (144.0) = {0}\".format(squareRoot (144.0)));\n",
+ " print(\"squareRoot (17.5) = {0}\".format(squareRoot (17.5)));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Setting top level conditional script\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__':\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "squareRoot (2.0) = 1.41421568627\n",
+ "squareRoot (144.0) = 12.0000000124\n",
+ "squareRoot (17.5) = 4.18330153622\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.9, Page number: 138"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.9.py\n",
+ "#Finding the Minimum Value in an Array\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to return minimum value\n",
+ "def minimum(values):\n",
+ " minValue=values[0] #Variable Declaration\n",
+ " for i in range (1,10): #Calculation\n",
+ " if(values[i]<minValue):\n",
+ " minValue=values[i]\n",
+ "\n",
+ " return minValue\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#Main()\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ " scores=[] #Variable Declaration\n",
+ " print(\"Enter 10 scores:\")\n",
+ " for i in range (0,10):\n",
+ " scores.append(5) #score=5 for all cases\n",
+ " #scores.append(input()) \n",
+ "\n",
+ " minScore=minimum(scores) #Function call & assignment\n",
+ " print(\"\\nMinimum score is {0}\\n\".format(minScore)) #Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Setting top level conditional script\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__':\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter 10 scores:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Minimum score is 5\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.10, Page number: 141"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.10.py\n",
+ "#Revising the Function to Find the Minimum Value in an Array\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to return minimum value\n",
+ "def minimum(values,numberOfElements): \n",
+ " minValue=values[0] #Variable Declaration\n",
+ " for i in range(1,numberOfElements): #Iteration/Calculations\n",
+ " if(values[i]<minValue):\n",
+ " minValue=values[i]\n",
+ " \n",
+ " return minValue\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Main()\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ " #List/Variable Delcaration\n",
+ " array1 = [ 157, -28, -37, 26, 10 ] \n",
+ " array2 = [ 12, 45, 1, 10, 5, 3, 22 ]\n",
+ " \n",
+ " #Result\n",
+ " print(\"array1 minimum: {0}\".format(minimum (array1, 5)));\n",
+ " print(\"array2 minimum: {0}\".format(minimum (array2, 7)));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Setting top level conditional script \n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__':\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "array1 minimum: -37\n",
+ "array2 minimum: 1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.11, Page number: 142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.11.py\n",
+ "#Changing Array Elements in Functions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Import System Library\n",
+ "import sys\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to multiply elements by 2\n",
+ "def multiplyBy2(array,n):\n",
+ " for i in range (0,n): #Iteration/Calculation\n",
+ " array[i]*=2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Main()\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ "\n",
+ " #List/Variable Declaration\n",
+ " floatVals=[1.2, -3.7, 6.2, 8.55] \n",
+ " multiplyBy2(floatVals,4)\n",
+ "\n",
+ " for i in range (0,4):\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"{0:.2f} \".format(floatVals[i])) #Result\n",
+ " print(\"\\n\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Setting top level conditional script\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__':\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "2.40 -7.40 12.40 17.10 \n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.12, Page number: 145"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.12.py\n",
+ "#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Import system Library \n",
+ "import sys\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to sort the array\n",
+ "def sort(a,n):\n",
+ "\n",
+ " for i in range (0,n-1): #Calculations\n",
+ " for j in range (i+1,n):\n",
+ " if(a[i]>a[j]): #Conditional swapping\n",
+ " temp=a[i]\n",
+ " a[i]=a[j]\n",
+ " a[j]=temp\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Main()\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ "\n",
+ " #List/Variable Declaration \n",
+ " array= [ 34, -5, 6, 0, 12, 100, 56, 22,\\\n",
+ " 44, -3, -9, 12, 17, 22, 6, 11 ]\n",
+ " \n",
+ " print(\"The array before the sort:\\n\");\n",
+ " for i in range (0,16):\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"{0} \".format(array[i]))\n",
+ " \n",
+ " sort (array, 16); #Function Call\n",
+ " \n",
+ " print(\"\\n\\n\\nThe array after the sort:\\n\")\n",
+ " for i in range (0,16):\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"{0} \".format(array[i]))\n",
+ " print(\"\\n\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Setting top level conditional script \n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__':\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The array before the sort:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "34 -5 6 0 12 100 56 22 44 -3 -9 12 17 22 6 11 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The array after the sort:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "-9 -5 -3 0 6 6 11 12 12 17 22 22 34 44 56 100 \n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.13, Page number: 147"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.13.py\n",
+ "#Using Multidimensional Arrays and Functions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Import system Library\n",
+ "import sys\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Main()\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ "\n",
+ " #List/Variable Declaration\n",
+ " sampleMatrix =[ [ 7, 16, 55, 13, 12 ],\n",
+ " [ 12, 10, 52, 0, 7 ],\n",
+ " [ -2, 1, 2, 4, 9 ] ]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ " print(\"Original matrix:\\n\")\n",
+ " displayMatrix(sampleMatrix) #Function call-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ " scalarMultiply(sampleMatrix, 2) #Function Call-2\n",
+ " print(\"\\nMultiplied by 2:\\n\")\n",
+ " \n",
+ " displayMatrix(sampleMatrix); #Function call-3\n",
+ " scalarMultiply(sampleMatrix, -1) #Function call-4\n",
+ " \n",
+ " print(\"\\nThen multiplied by -1:\\n\")\n",
+ " displayMatrix(sampleMatrix) #Function call-5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to multiply matrix by a scalar quantity \n",
+ "def scalarMultiply(matrix,scalar):\n",
+ " for row in range(0,3): #Calculation\n",
+ " for column in range(0,5):\n",
+ " matrix[row][column]*=scalar \n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to display the matrix\n",
+ "def displayMatrix(matrix):\n",
+ " for row in range(0,3): #Result\n",
+ " for column in range(0,5):\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"{0:7}\".format(matrix[row][column]))\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"\\n\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Setting top level conditional script\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__':\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Original matrix:\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 7 16 55 13 12\n",
+ " 12 10 52 0 7\n",
+ " -2 1 2 4 9\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Multiplied by 2:\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 14 32 110 26 24\n",
+ " 24 20 104 0 14\n",
+ " -4 2 4 8 18\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Then multiplied by -1:\n",
+ "\n",
+ " -14 -32 -110 -26 -24\n",
+ " -24 -20 -104 0 -14\n",
+ " 4 -2 -4 -8 -18\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.13A, Page number: 150"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.13A.py\n",
+ "#Multidimensional Variable-Length Arrays\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Import system Library\n",
+ "import sys\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Main()\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ "\n",
+ " #List/Variable Declaration\n",
+ " sampleMatrix =[ [ 7, 16, 55, 13, 12 ],\n",
+ " [ 12, 10, 52, 0, 7 ],\n",
+ " [ -2, 1, 2, 4, 9 ] ]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ " print(\"Original matrix:\\n\")\n",
+ " displayMatrix(3,5,sampleMatrix) #Function call-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ " scalarMultiply(3,5,sampleMatrix, 2) #Function Call-2\n",
+ " print(\"\\nMultiplied by 2:\\n\")\n",
+ " \n",
+ " displayMatrix(3,5,sampleMatrix); #Function call-3\n",
+ " scalarMultiply(3,5,sampleMatrix, -1) #Function call-4\n",
+ " \n",
+ " print(\"\\nThen multiplied by -1:\\n\")\n",
+ " displayMatrix(3,5,sampleMatrix) #Function call-5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to multiply matrix by a scalar quantity \n",
+ "def scalarMultiply(nRows,nCols,matrix,scalar):\n",
+ " for row in range(0,nRows): #Calculation\n",
+ " for column in range(0,nCols):\n",
+ " matrix[row][column]*=scalar \n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to display the matrix\n",
+ "def displayMatrix(nRows,nCols,matrix):\n",
+ " for row in range(0,nRows): #Result\n",
+ " for column in range(0,nCols):\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"{0:7}\".format(matrix[row][column]))\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"\\n\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Setting top level conditional script\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__':\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Original matrix:\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 7 16 55 13 12\n",
+ " 12 10 52 0 7\n",
+ " -2 1 2 4 9\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Multiplied by 2:\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 14 32 110 26 24\n",
+ " 24 20 104 0 14\n",
+ " -4 2 4 8 18\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Then multiplied by -1:\n",
+ "\n",
+ " -14 -32 -110 -26 -24\n",
+ " -24 -20 -104 0 -14\n",
+ " 4 -2 -4 -8 -18\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.14, Page number: 153"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.14.py\n",
+ "#Converting a Positive Integer to Another Base\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Import system Libraries\n",
+ "import sys\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to get Number & Base\n",
+ "def getNumberAndBase():\n",
+ " \n",
+ " #Global Reference\n",
+ " global digit\n",
+ " global numberToConvert\n",
+ " global base\n",
+ " \n",
+ " #Variable Declaration\n",
+ " digit=0\n",
+ " numberToConvert=420 #numberToConvert=input(\"Number to be converted ?\")\n",
+ " base=8 #base=input(\"Base?\")\n",
+ " if(base<2 or base>16):\n",
+ " print(\"Bad base - must be between 2 and 16\\n\");\n",
+ " base = 10;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Conversion Function\n",
+ "def convertNumber():\n",
+ " \n",
+ " #Global Reference\n",
+ " global numberToConvert\n",
+ " global base\n",
+ " global convertedNumber\n",
+ " global digit\n",
+ " convertedNumber=[0]*64 #List declaration\n",
+ " \n",
+ " while(numberToConvert!=0):\n",
+ " convertedNumber[digit]=numberToConvert%base #Calculations\n",
+ " digit=digit+1\n",
+ " numberToConvert/=base\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to display\n",
+ "def displayConvertedNumber():\n",
+ "\n",
+ " #Global reference \n",
+ " global baseDigits\n",
+ " global digit \n",
+ "\n",
+ " #List/Variable Declaration\n",
+ " baseDigits=[ '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',\\\n",
+ " '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' ]\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"Converted number = \")\n",
+ " \n",
+ " digit=digit-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ " for i in range(digit,-1,-1):\n",
+ " nextDigit = convertedNumber[i];\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"{0}\".format(baseDigits[nextDigit])); #Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ " sys.stdout.write(\"\\n\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Main()\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ " getNumberAndBase() #Function call-1\n",
+ " convertNumber() #Function call-2\n",
+ " displayConvertedNumber() #Function call-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Setting top level conditional script\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__':\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Converted number = 644\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.15, Page number: 157"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.15.py\n",
+ "#Illustrating Static and Automatic Variables\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to display variables\n",
+ "def auto_static():\n",
+ " global staticVar #Global reference\n",
+ " autoVar=1 #variable Declaration\n",
+ " print(\"automatic = {0}, static = {1}\\n\".format(autoVar,staticVar)); #Result\n",
+ " \n",
+ " #Calculation \n",
+ " autoVar+=1\n",
+ " staticVar+=1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Main()\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ " global staticVar\n",
+ " staticVar=1 #Variable Declaration\n",
+ " for i in range(0,5):\n",
+ " auto_static()\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Setting top level conditional script\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__':\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "automatic = 1, static = 1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "automatic = 1, static = 2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "automatic = 1, static = 3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "automatic = 1, static = 4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "automatic = 1, static = 5\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Program 8.16, Page number: 159"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#8.16.py\n",
+ "#Calculating Factorials Recursively\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Function to calculate factorial\n",
+ "def factorial(n):\n",
+ " if( n == 0 ): #Calculation\n",
+ " result = 1\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " result = n * factorial (n - 1)\n",
+ " return result;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Main()\n",
+ "def main():\n",
+ " for j in range (0,11):\n",
+ " print(\"{0:3}! = {1}\\n\".format(j,factorial (j)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Setting top level conditional script\n",
+ "if __name__=='__main__':\n",
+ " main()"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " 0! = 1\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 1! = 1\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 2! = 2\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 3! = 6\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 4! = 24\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 5! = 120\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 6! = 720\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 7! = 5040\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 8! = 40320\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 9! = 362880\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 10! = 3628800\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+} \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-20 11:44:07 +0000