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diff --git a/Principles_of_Power_System/chapter4_1.ipynb b/Principles_of_Power_System/chapter4_1.ipynb deleted file mode 100644 index c67cf3f8..00000000 --- a/Principles_of_Power_System/chapter4_1.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,873 +0,0 @@ -{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "",
- "signature": "sha256:674aadd4593cd639b4637a0cb17a9ace907a7cf82297146653a75d9ee7f7f19b"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chapter 4: Economics of Power Generation"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.1, Page Number: 74"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Variable Declaration:\n",
- "P = 90000 #initial cost of transformer(Rs)\n",
- "n = 20 #20 years\n",
- "S = 10000 #Salvage value(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "D = (P-S)/n #Annual depreciation charge(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"The annual depreciation charge is Rs\",D"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The annual depreciation charge is Rs 4000.0\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 5
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.2, Page Number: 74"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "P = 200000 #Initial cost of transformer(Rs)\n",
- "S = 10000 #Salvage value of transformer(Rs)\n",
- "n = 20 #Useful life(years)\n",
- "r = 0.08 #annual interest rate(%)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "q = (P-S)*r/(((1+r)**n)-1) #Annual payment(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"The annual amount to be saved is Rs\",round(q)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The annual amount to be saved is Rs 4152.0\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.3, Page Number: 75"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "P = 1560000 #Initial cost of equipment(Rs)\n",
- "S = 60000 #salvage value of equipment(Rs)\n",
- "n = 25 #useful life(years)\n",
- "t = 20 #years\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "\n",
- "#(i) Straight line method:\n",
- "D1 = (P-S)/n #Annual depreciation(Rs)\n",
- "V1 = P-D1*t #Value of equipment after 't' years\n",
- "\n",
- "#(ii)Diminishing value method:\n",
- "D2 = 1-(S/P)**(1/n) #Annual unit depreciation(Rs)\n",
- "V2 = P*(1-round(D2,3))**t #Value of equipment after 't' years\n",
- "\n",
- "#(iii)Sinking fund method:\n",
- "r = 0.05 #rate of interest\n",
- "q = (P-S)*(r/((1+r)**n-1)) #Annual deposit in the sinking fund(Rs)\n",
- "q1 = 31433*(((1+r)**20-1)/r) #Sinking fund at the end of 20 years(Rs)\n",
- "V = P-q1 #Value of plant after 20 years(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"The depreciated values using:\"\n",
- "print \"(i) Straight line method: Rs\",V1\n",
- "print \"(ii)Diminishing value method Rs:\",round(V2)\n",
- "print \"(iii)Sinking fund method: Rs\",round(V)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The depreciated values using:\n",
- "(i) Straight line method: Rs 360000.0\n",
- "(ii)Diminishing value method Rs: 115615.0\n",
- "(iii)Sinking fund method: Rs 520638.0\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 7
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.4, Page Number: 76"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "M = 50000 #Max demand(kW)\n",
- "CC = 95*10**6 #Capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "LF = 0.4 #annual load factor\n",
- "C1 = 9*10**6 #Annual cost of fuel and oil(Rs)\n",
- "C2 = 7.5*10**6 #taxes wages salaries etc(Rs)\n",
- "i = 12 #interest & depreciation(%)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "E = M*LF*8760 #units generated(kWh/year)\n",
- "AFC = i*CC/100 #Annual fixed charges(Rs)\n",
- "T = C1+C2 #Total annual running charges(Rs)\n",
- "TAC = AFC+T #Total annual charges(Rs)\n",
- "c = TAC/E #cost per unit(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"Cost per unit generated = \",round(c,2)*100,\"paise\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Cost per unit generated = 16.0 paise\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 8
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.5, Page Number: 76"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "C = 50000 #Installed capacity(kW)\n",
- "E = 220*10**6 #units generated(kWh/year)\n",
- "AFC1 = 160 #annual fixed charges per kW of C(Rs/kW)\n",
- "RC = 0.04 #running charges(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "AFC = AFC1*C #annual fixed charges(Rs)\n",
- "ARC = RC*E #annual running charges(Rs)\n",
- "c = (AFC+ARC)/E #cost per unit(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"Cost per unit generated is \",round(c,4)*100,\"paise\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Cost per unit generated is 7.64 paise\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 9
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.6, Page Number: 76"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "C = 160000 #cost of plant(Rs)\n",
- "r = 12 #annual fixed charges(%)\n",
- "r1 = 5 #interest(%)\n",
- "r2 = 5 #depreciation(%)\n",
- "r3 = 2 #taxes(%)\n",
- "M = 100 #max demand(kW)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "AFC = C*r/100 #annual fixed charges(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#(i)when load factor is 100%\n",
- "E1 = M*1*8760 #kWh/year\n",
- "c1 = AFC/E1 #Rs\n",
- "\n",
- "#(i)when load factor is 50%\n",
- "E2 = M*0.5*8760 #kWh/year\n",
- "c2 = AFC/E2 #Rs\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"Fixed charges when:\"\n",
- "print \"(i) load factor is 100% :\",round(c1*100,2),\"paise\"\n",
- "print \"(ii)load factor is 50% :\",round(c2*100,2),\"paise\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Fixed charges when:\n",
- "(i) load factor is 100% : 2.19 paise\n",
- "(ii)load factor is 50% : 4.38 paise\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 10
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.7, Page Number: 77"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "PC = 50 #plant capacity(MW)\n",
- "LF = 0.4 #annual load factor\n",
- "C1 = 1.2*10**7 #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "C2 = 4*10**5 #annual cost of wages, taxation etc.(Rs)\n",
- "C3 = 1.0 #cost of fuel,lubrication, maintenance etc.(paise/kWh)\n",
- "r1 = 5 #interest rate(%)\n",
- "r2 = 6 #depreciation(%)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "T1 = (C1*(r1+r2)/100)+C2 #Total annual fixed charges(Rs)\n",
- "E = PC*10**3*LF*8760 #units generated(kWh/year)\n",
- "C4 = E*C3/100 #Cost of fuel, lubrication etc.(Rs)\n",
- "T = T1+C4 #total annual charges(Rs)\n",
- "c = T/E #generating cost(Rs/kWh)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"Cost per kWh is \",round(c*100),\"paise\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Cost per kWh is 2.0 paise\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 11
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.8, Page Number: 77"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "PC = 300 #plant capacity(MW)\n",
- "CF = 0.5 #capacity factor\n",
- "LF = 0.6 #annual load factor\n",
- "C1 = 9*10**7 #Annual cost of fuel, oil etc(Rs)\n",
- "C2 = 10**9 #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "r1 = 10 #annual interest and depreciation(%)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "L = CF*PC #avg load(MW)\n",
- "M = L/LF #max demand(MW)\n",
- "RC = PC-M #Reserve capacity(MW)\n",
- "TC = C1+C2*r1/100 #total cost(Rs)\n",
- "E = L*10**3*8760 #units generated(kWh/year)\n",
- "c = TC/E #cost per kWh\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"The minimum reserve capacity of the station is\",RC,\"MW\"\n",
- "print \"Cost per kWh generated is \",round(c*100),\"paise\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The minimum reserve capacity of the station is 50.0 MW\n",
- "Cost per kWh generated is 14.0 paise\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 12
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.9, Page Number: 78"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "PC = 50 #plant capacity(MW)\n",
- "CC = 1000 #capital cost(Rs/kW)\n",
- "r1 = 10 #annual depreciation charges(%)\n",
- "r2 = 20 #part of salaries, maitenance to fixed charges(%)\n",
- "M = 40 #max demand(MW)\n",
- "LF = 0.60 #load factor\n",
- "C1 = 700000 #Annual cost of salaries, maintenance charges etc.(Rs)\n",
- "R1 = 1 #royalty(Re/(kW*year))\n",
- "R2 = 0.01 #royalty paid for using the river water for generation(Re/kWh)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "#for annual fixed cost\n",
- "E = M*10**3*LF*8760 #kWh/year\n",
- "C = CC*PC*10**3 #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "T1 = r1*C/100+r2*C1/100 #total annual fixed charges(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "C2 = T1/(M*10**3)+R1 #Cost per kW(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#for running cost:\n",
- "C3 = ((1-r2/100)*C1)/E+R2 #Cost per kW(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"Total generation cost in two part form is given by:\"\n",
- "print \"Rs (\",C2,\"* kW +\",round(C3,4),\"* kWh)\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Total generation cost in two part form is given by:\n",
- "Rs ( 129.5 * kW + 0.0127 * kWh)\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 13
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.10, Page Number: 78"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "M = 60 #plant capacity(MW)\n",
- "LF = 0.5 #load factor\n",
- "C1 = 5*10**6 #capital cost of building and equipment(Rs)\n",
- "C2 = 900000 #annual cost of fuel,oil,taxation and wages(Rs)\n",
- "r1 = 10 #interest and depreciation(%)\n",
- "C3 = 5000000 #annual cost of organisation and \n",
- " #interest on cost of site etc.\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "E = M*10**3*LF*8760 #kWh/year\n",
- "a = C3 #Rs\n",
- "T2 = r1*C3/100 #Annual semi-fixed cost(Rs)\n",
- "b = T2/(M*10**3) #cost per kW\n",
- "c = C2/E #cost per kWh\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"The required values are:\"\n",
- "print \"a = Rs\",a,\", b = \",round(b,2),\", c = Re\",round(c,4)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The required values are:\n",
- "a = Rs 5000000 , b = 8.33 , c = Re 0.0034\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 14
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.11, Page Number: 79"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "PC = 100 #installed capacity(kW)\n",
- "CC = 3000 #plant cost(Rs/kW of PC)\n",
- "r1 = 5 #interest(%)\n",
- "r2 = 2 #depreciation(2%)\n",
- "r3 = 2 #operation & maintenance(%)\n",
- "r4 = 1.5 #insurance, rent(%)\n",
- "r = 12.5 #losses in transmission and distribution(%)\n",
- "DF = 1.25 #diversity factor\n",
- "LF = 0.4 #load factor\n",
- "M = 0.8*PC #max demand(kW)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "L = M*LF #avg demand(kW)\n",
- "C1 = CC*PC #Capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "T1 = (r1+r2)*C1/100 #annual fixed charges(Rs)\n",
- "T11 = T1/(DF*M) #annual fixed charges(Rs/kW)\n",
- "RC = C1*(r3+r4)/100 #annual running charges(Rs)\n",
- "E = L*8760 #kWh/year\n",
- "E1 = E*(1-r/100) #units reaching the consumer(kWh)\n",
- "RC1 = RC/E1 #annual running charges(Rs/kWh)\n",
- "T = T1+RC #total charges(Rs)\n",
- "C2 = T/E1 #cost per kWh(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"Total generation cost in two part form is given by:\"\n",
- "print \"Rs (\",T11,\"* kW +\",round(RC1,3),\"* kWh)\"\n",
- "print \"Overall cost of generation per kWh is \",round(C2*100,1),\"paise\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Total generation cost in two part form is given by:\n",
- "Rs ( 210.0 * kW + 0.043 * kWh)\n",
- "Overall cost of generation per kWh is 12.8 paise\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 15
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.12, Page Number: 80"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#variable declaration:\n",
- "M = 1000 #max demand(kW)\n",
- "LF = 0.5 #load factor\n",
- "#for (i)a private oil engine generating plant:\n",
- "\n",
- "CC1 = 12*10**5 #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "c1 = 0.005 #Cost of repair and maintenance(Rs/kWh)\n",
- "c2 = 1600 #Cost of fuel(Rs/1000kg)\n",
- "r1 = 10 #Interest and depreciation (%)\n",
- "w = 0.3 #fuel consumption(kg/kWh)\n",
- "c3 = 50000 #wages(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#for (i)Public supply company:\n",
- "#Rs 150 per kW of maximum demand plus 15 paise per kWh\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "E = M*LF*8760 #kWh/year\n",
- "\n",
- "#for(i) Private oil engine generating plant:\n",
- "W = w*E #annual fuel consumption(kg)\n",
- "C1= W*c2/1000 #cost of fuel(Rs)\n",
- "T1 = C1+c1*E+r1*CC1/100+c3 #total annual cost(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#for(ii)Public supply company:\n",
- "T2 = 150*M+.15*E #total annual cost(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"(i)For Private oil engine generating plant,\" \n",
- "print \" total annual charges is Rs\",T1\n",
- "print \"(ii)Public supply company, total annual charges is Rs\",T2"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "(i)For Private oil engine generating plant,\n",
- " total annual charges is Rs 2294300.0\n",
- "(ii)Public supply company, total annual charges is Rs 807000.0\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 16
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- " Example 4.13, Page Number: 80"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "LF = 0.3 #load factor\n",
- "M = 100 #max demand(MW)\n",
- "\n",
- "#steam: \n",
- "cc1 = 1250 # Capital cost/kW installed(Rs)\n",
- "r11 = 12 # Interest and depreciation(%)\n",
- "c11 = 5 # Operating cost/kWh, paise\n",
- "tc11 = 0 # Transmission cost/kWh\n",
- "\n",
- "#hydro:\n",
- "cc2 = 2500 # Capital cost/kW installed(Rs)\n",
- "r21 = 10 # Interest and depreciation(%)\n",
- "c21 = 1.5 # Operating cost/kWh,paise\n",
- "tc21 = 0.2 # Transmission cost/kWh,paise\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "E = M*LF*8760*10**3 #kWh/year\n",
- "\n",
- "#(i)steam station in conjunction with a hydro station:\n",
- "Eh = 100*10**6 #units supplied by hydro station(kWh)\n",
- "Es = E-Eh #units supplied by steam station(kWh)\n",
- "Pmh = 40 #max o/p of hydro stn.(MW)\n",
- "Pms = 60 #max o/p of steam stn(MW)\n",
- "\n",
- "#(i)(a)for steam station:\n",
- "Cs1 = cc1*Pms*10**3 #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "Ts1 = r11*Cs1/100+c11*Es/100+0 #total cost(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "# (b)for hydro station:\n",
- "Ch1 = cc2*Pmh*10**3 #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "Th1 = r21*Ch1/100+c21*Eh/100+tc21*Eh/100 #total cost(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "Ta = Ts1+Th1 #total annual cost(Rs)\n",
- "OC1 = Ta/E #kWh\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#(ii)Steam station:\n",
- "Pm2 = 100*10**3 #max o/p of steam plant(kW)\n",
- "Cs2 = cc1*Pm2 #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "Ts2 = (Cs2*r11/100)+c11*E/100 #Rs\n",
- "OC2 = Ts2/E #overall cost(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#(iii)Hydro station:\n",
- "Ch3 = cc2*Pm2 #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "Th3 = Ch3*r21/100+c21*E/100 #Rs\n",
- "OC3 = Th3/E+tc21/100 ##overall cost(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"(i)steam station in conjunction with a hydro station:\"\n",
- "print \" for steam stn., overall cost is \",round(OC1*100,2),\"paise\"\n",
- "print \"(ii) Steam station, overall cost is \",round(OC2*100,2),\"paise\"\n",
- "print \"(ii) Hydro station, overall cost is \",round(OC3*100,2),\"paise\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "(i)steam station in conjunction with a hydro station:\n",
- " for steam stn., overall cost is 10.97 paise\n",
- "(ii) Steam station, overall cost is 10.71 paise\n",
- "(ii) Hydro station, overall cost is 11.21 paise\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 17
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.14, Page Number: 81"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "from sympy import *\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "M = 150*10**3 #maximum demand(kW)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Steam plant:\n",
- "cc1 = 1600 #Rs/kW\n",
- "oc1 = 0.06 #operating cost(Rs/kWh)\n",
- "r1 = 7 #interest(%)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Hydro plant:\n",
- "cc2 = 3000 #Rs/kW\n",
- "oc2 = 0.03 #operating cost(Rs/kWh)\n",
- "r2 = 7 #interest(%)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "x = symbols('x') #total no. of units generated\n",
- "#for steam plant:\n",
- "cs = cc1*M #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "Ts = r1*cs/(x*100)+oc1 #total cost(Rs)\n",
- "Ts1 = Ts #Rs/kWh\n",
- "\n",
- "#for hydro plant:\n",
- "ch = cc2*M #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "Th = r2*ch/(100*x)+oc2 #total cost(Rs)\n",
- "Th1 = Th #Rs/kWh\n",
- "L = solve(Ts1-Th1,x)\n",
- "LF = (L[0])/(M*8760)\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"Load factor is \",round(LF*100,1),\"%\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Load factor is 37.3 %\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 18
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.15, Page Number: 82"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "from sympy import *\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "Eo = 40*10**6 #units needed to generate\n",
- "\n",
- "#Hydro Steam\n",
- "cc1 = 2100; cc2 = 1200 #Capital cost(Rs/kW) \n",
- "rc1 = 3.2; rc2 = 5 #Running cost(paise/kWh) \n",
- "r1 = 7.5; r2 = 9 #Interest & depreciation(%)\n",
- "RC1 = 33; RC2 = 25 #Reserve capacity(%)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "#Let x kW be the maximum demand. \n",
- "#Let y be the annual load factor at which cost/unit\n",
- "#of steam and hydro stations is the same.\n",
- "\n",
- "x,y = symbols('x y')\n",
- "E = x*y*8760 #units generated per annum(kWh)\n",
- "C2 = x+RC2*x/100 #installed capacity of steam station(kW)\n",
- "C1 = x+RC1*x/100 #installed capacity of hydro station(kW)\n",
- "\n",
- "#steam station:\n",
- "CC2 = cc2*C2 #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "OC2 = (r2*CC2/100+rc2*E/100)/E #Overall cost/kWh\n",
- "\n",
- "#hydro station:\n",
- "CC1 = cc1*C1 #capital cost(Rs)\n",
- "OC1 = (r1*CC1/100+rc1*E/100)/E #Overall cost/kWh\n",
- "\n",
- "LF = solve(OC1-OC2,y)[0] #load factor\n",
- "E2 = 8760*x*LF #kWh\n",
- "M = solve(E2-Eo,x)[0] #max. demand(kW)\n",
- "C = (135*M + 438*M*LF) #cost of generation(Rs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Load factor is \",round(LF*100,2),\"%\"\n",
- "print \"Required cost of generation is Rs (\",round(C/10**6,1),\"* 10**6 )\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Load factor is 47.23 %\n",
- "Required cost of generation is Rs ( 3.3 * 10**6 )\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 19
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4.16, Page Number: 83"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "from __future__ import division\n",
- "from sympy import *\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration:\n",
- "\n",
- "#Let x = Installed capacity of station B in kW\n",
- "#y = Hours of operation of station B\n",
- "\n",
- "x,y = symbols('x y')\n",
- "M = 50000 #max demand(kW)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation:\n",
- "PCa = M-x #installed capacity of stationA(kW)\n",
- "Eb = (1/2)*x*(8760*x/M) #Units generated/annum by station B\n",
- "Ea = (1/2)*8760*M-Eb #Units generated/annum by station A\n",
- "Cb = 50000+50*x+0.03*Eb #Rs\n",
- "Ca = 75000+80*(50000-x)+0.02*Ea #Rs\n",
- "C = Ca+Cb #total operating cost(Rs)\n",
- "#After differentiating C w.r.t x, we get C1 as\n",
- "C1 = -30+0.00174*x\n",
- "x1 = solve(C1,x)[0]\n",
- "\n",
- "PCb = x1 #kW\n",
- "PCa = M-PCb #kW\n",
- "t = 8760*PCb/M #hours of operation of station B\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results:\n",
- "print \"Installed capacity of station A is \",round(PCa),\"MW\"\n",
- "print \"Installed capacity of station B is \",round(PCb),\"MW\"\n",
- "print \"No. of hours of operation of plant B is\",round(t/10)*10,\"hrs\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Installed capacity of station A is 32759.0 MW\n",
- "Installed capacity of station B is 17241.0 MW\n",
- "No. of hours of operation of plant B is 3020.0 hrs\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 14
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-}
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