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diff --git a/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter14.ipynb b/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter14.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b1948488 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter14.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,603 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:f51aa40f01063be99829dfd06c53ed90029beb6946cceb4b92469b9c50e91012"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 14 - Development and use of activity concepts"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1 - pg 350"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the moles of Iodine present\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "x1=0.0200\n",
+ "Kx=812.\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "print \"Neglecting 2x in comparision with x1,\"\n",
+ "x=x1/Kx\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"Moles of Iodine present =\",x,\" mole\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Neglecting 2x in comparision with x1,\n",
+ "Moles of Iodine present = 2.46e-05 mole\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2 - pg 350 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Concentration of H+ ions\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "Kc=1.749*10**-5 #M\n",
+ "n1=0.1 #mole\n",
+ "n2=0.01 #mole\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "c=n1/n2 *Kc\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.1e %s' %(\"Concentration of Hplus ions =\",c,\" M\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Concentration of Hplus ions = 1.7e-04 M\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3 - pg 351"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Concentraton of Hplus ions\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "c=0.01 #M\n",
+ "kc=1.749*10**-5 #M\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "x2=c*kc\n",
+ "x=math.sqrt(x2)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.1e %s' %(\"Concentration of Hplus ions =\",x,\"M\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Concentration of Hplus ions = 4.2e-04 M\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4 - pg 351"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Concentration of OH- ions\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "K2=1.0008*10**-14 #m^2\n",
+ "K1=1.754*10**-5 #m\n",
+ "c=0.1\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "print \"Neglecting x w.r.t c,\"\n",
+ "x2=c*K2/K1\n",
+ "x=math.sqrt(x2)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.1e %s' %(\"Concentration of OH minus ions =\",x,\" m\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Neglecting x w.r.t c,\n",
+ "Concentration of OH minus ions = 7.6e-06 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5 - pg 352"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Concentration of H plus ions\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "print \"from table 14.1,\"\n",
+ "r1=7.47*10**-5 #m\n",
+ "r2=4.57*10**-3 #m\n",
+ "mp=1.008*10**-14 #m**2\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "r3=r2/r1\n",
+ "mH2=r3*mp\n",
+ "mH=math.sqrt(mH2)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"Concentration of Hplus ions = \",mH,\" M\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "from table 14.1,\n",
+ "Concentration of Hplus ions = 7.85e-07 M\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6 - pg 354"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Concentraton of H+ ions\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "print \"from table 14.1,\"\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "r1=1.75*10**-5 #m\n",
+ "r2=1.772*10**-4 #m\n",
+ "mp=1.008*10**-14 #m**2\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "r3=r2/r1\n",
+ "mH2=r3*mp\n",
+ "mH=math.sqrt(mH2)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.1e %s' %(\"Concentration of Hplus ions =\",mH,\" M\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "from table 14.1,\n",
+ "Concentration of Hplus ions = 3.2e-07 M\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7 - pg 355"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Concentration of H+ ions\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "c=1*10**-6 #m\n",
+ "K=1.754*10**-5 #m\n",
+ "Kp=1.008*10**-14 #m**2\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "mH=c\n",
+ "#Iteration 1\n",
+ "mOH=Kp/mH\n",
+ "mA=mH-mOH\n",
+ "mHA=mH*mA/K\n",
+ "mH2=mH-mHA+mOH\n",
+ "#Iteration 2\n",
+ "mOH2=Kp/mH2\n",
+ "mA2=mH2-mOH2\n",
+ "mHA2=mH2*mA2/K\n",
+ "mH3=mH2-mHA2+mOH2\n",
+ "#From x2\n",
+ "x2=math.sqrt(Kp)\n",
+ "x1=c\n",
+ "mOH3=Kp/x2\n",
+ "y2=x1\n",
+ "#From x1\n",
+ "mOH4=Kp/c\n",
+ "mA4=mH-mOH4\n",
+ "mHA4=mH*mA4/K\n",
+ "y1=c-mHA4-mA4\n",
+ "#upon further iterations, we get\n",
+ "mHplus=mH3\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"Concentration of H plus ions =\",mHplus,\"m\")\n",
+ "print 'The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error.'\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Concentration of H plus ions = 9.13e-07 m\n",
+ "The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8 - pg 358"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the values of dS0, dH0, Krm\n",
+ "#Initialization of variableH\n",
+ "print \"From table 14-3,\"\n",
+ "HH=0\n",
+ "HHcoo=-98.\n",
+ "HHcooh=-98.\n",
+ "SH=0\n",
+ "SHcoo=21.9\n",
+ "SHcooh=39.1\n",
+ "KH=0\n",
+ "KHcoo=58.64\n",
+ "KHcooh=62.38\n",
+ "#calculationH\n",
+ "dH=HH+HHcoo-HHcooh\n",
+ "dS=SH+SHcoo-SHcooh\n",
+ "dK=KH+KHcoo-KHcooh\n",
+ "K=10**dK\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\" dS0 =\",dS,\"eu\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n dH0 =\",dH,\"kcal\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f' %(\"\\n log Krm =\",dK)\n",
+ "print '%s %.1e %s' %(\"\\n Krm =\",K,\"m\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "From table 14-3,\n",
+ " dS0 = -17.2 eu\n",
+ "\n",
+ " dH0 = 0.0 kcal\n",
+ "\n",
+ " log Krm = -3.74\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Krm = 1.8e-04 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9 - pg 369"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Activity of cl and ca\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "mca=0.01 #m\n",
+ "mcl=0.02 #m\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "Mu=0.5*(mca*4 + mcl*1)\n",
+ "print \"From table 14-5,\"\n",
+ "aca=6 #A\n",
+ "acl=3 #A\n",
+ "print \"From table 14-6,\"\n",
+ "gaca=0.555 \n",
+ "gacl=0.843\n",
+ "Aca=gaca*mca\n",
+ "Acl=gacl*mcl\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.4f' %(\"Activity of cl = \",Acl)\n",
+ "print '%s %.4f' %(\"\\n Activity of ca = \",Aca)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "From table 14-5,\n",
+ "From table 14-6,\n",
+ "Activity of cl = 0.0169\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Activity of ca = 0.0056\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10 - pg 369"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Concentration of H+ ions\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "m1=0.1 #m\n",
+ "m2=0.1 #m\n",
+ "K=1.754*10**-5 #m\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "mu=0.5*(m1*1**2 + m2*1**2)\n",
+ "print(\"From table 14.5,\")\n",
+ "aH=9 #A\n",
+ "aA=4.5 #A\n",
+ "print(\"From table 14.6\")\n",
+ "gH=0.825\n",
+ "gA=0.775\n",
+ "gHA=1\n",
+ "x1=gHA*K/(gH*gA)\n",
+ "print(\"Assuming x to be small w.r.t m1,\")\n",
+ "x=math.sqrt(x1*m1)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"Concentration of H plus ions =\",x,\" m\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "From table 14.5,\n",
+ "From table 14.6\n",
+ "Assuming x to be small w.r.t m1,\n",
+ "Concentration of H plus ions = 1.66e-03 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11 - pg 372"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the concentration of H+ ions\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "import numpy\n",
+ "K=1.754*10**-5 #m\n",
+ "c=0.1\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "print(\"Neglecting x w.r.t c,\")\n",
+ "x2=K\n",
+ "x=math.sqrt(K)\n",
+ "mu=x\n",
+ "print(\"From tables 14-5 and 14-6,\")\n",
+ "gH=0.963\n",
+ "gA=0.960\n",
+ "x22=K/(gH*gA)\n",
+ "p=([1,x22, -c*x22])\n",
+ "z=numpy.roots(p)\n",
+ "alpha=z[1]\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"concentration of H plus ions =\",alpha,\" m\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Neglecting x w.r.t c,\n",
+ "From tables 14-5 and 14-6,\n",
+ "concentration of H plus ions = 1.37e-03 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 12 - pg 373"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Solubility of Agcl\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "print(\"From table 14.3\")\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "K1=-13.5089\n",
+ "K2=-22.9792\n",
+ "K3=19.2218\n",
+ "c=0.1 #m\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "logK=K1-K2-K3\n",
+ "K=10**logK\n",
+ "mu=0.5*(c*1**2 + c*1**2)\n",
+ "print(\"From tables 14-5 and 14-6,\")\n",
+ "gAg=0.745\n",
+ "gCl=0.755\n",
+ "x2=K/(gAg*gCl)\n",
+ "x=math.sqrt(x2)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2e %s' %(\"Solubility of Agcl =\",x,\"m\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "From table 14.3\n",
+ "From tables 14-5 and 14-6,\n",
+ "Solubility of Agcl = 1.78e-05 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13 - pg 376"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Concentration of Na and Cl in both cases\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "import numpy\n",
+ "Cna=0.11\n",
+ "Ccl=0.1\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "p=([99, - 2.1, Cna*Ccl])\n",
+ "z=numpy.roots(p)\n",
+ "alpha=z[1]\n",
+ "Na1=Cna-10*alpha\n",
+ "Cl1=Ccl-10*alpha\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.4f %s' %(\" Concentration of Na in 1 =\",Na1,\"M\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n Concentration of Cl in 1 =\",Cl1,\" M\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n Concentration of Na in 2 =\",alpha,\"M\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n Concentration of Cl in 2 =\",alpha,\"M\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " Concentration of Na in 1 = 0.0157 M\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Concentration of Cl in 1 = 0.0057 M\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Concentration of Na in 2 = 0.0094 M\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Concentration of Cl in 2 = 0.0094 M\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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