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diff --git a/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter12.ipynb b/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter12.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..92f1a058 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter12.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:65a756a76ade1ec4b9387e0db33894444f541be4a142adaa7f77f2e89d036580"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 12 - Physical Equilibria"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1 - pg 295"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the no of degrees of freedom\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "p=3\n",
+ "c=2\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "f=2-p+c\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %d' %(\"no. of degrees of freedom =\",f)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "no. of degrees of freedom = 1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2 - pg 301"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the change in temperature\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "T=273.2 #K\n",
+ "vw=1.0001 #cm^3 /g\n",
+ "vi=1.0907 #cm^3 /g\n",
+ "hf=79.7 #cal/g\n",
+ "P1=76 #cm\n",
+ "P2=4.6 #cm\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "dT=T*(vw-vi)*(P2-P1)*13.6*980.7/(hf*4.184*10**7)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.4f %s' %(\"change in temperature =\",dT,\"deg\")\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "change in temperature = 0.0071 deg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3 - pg 302"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the value of dPbydT\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "V=6.84 #cm^3 /g\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "dPbydT=-1.7*4.184*10**7 /(2.19*V*0.06*1.01*10**6)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %d %s' %(\"dPbydT =\",dPbydT,\" atm/deg\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "dPbydT = -78 atm/deg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4 - pg 303"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Pressure\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "P=6 #atm\n",
+ "T=273.2+25 #K\n",
+ "P=23.8 #mm\n",
+ "V=0.018 #lt/mol\n",
+ "R=0.08206 #lt am/deg mol\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "dPa=V*P*4536/(R*T*760)\n",
+ "Pa=dPa+P\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"Pressure =\",Pa,\" mm\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Pressure = 23.9 mm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5 - pg 305"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the mole fraction of methanol in vapor\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "x=0.25\n",
+ "Ps1=96 #mm\n",
+ "Ps2=43.9 #mm\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "P1=x*Ps1\n",
+ "P2=(1-x)*Ps2\n",
+ "P=P1+P2\n",
+ "Xdash=P1/P\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.3f' %(\"mole fraction of methanol in vapor =\",Xdash)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "mole fraction of methanol in vapor = 0.422\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6 - pg 309"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Molal elevation constant\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "Hv=539.6 #cal/g\n",
+ "T=273.2+100 #K\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "Kb=1.987*T**2 /(1000*Hv)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.3f %s' %(\"Molal elevation constant =\",Kb,\" deg /mole /kg\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Molal elevation constant = 0.513 deg /mole /kg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7 - pg 309"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Molecular weight of solute\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "ms=0.5 #mol/kg\n",
+ "m=5 #g\n",
+ "mw=100 #g\n",
+ "Ws=1000 #g/kg\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "Ma=m*Ws/(ms*mw)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %d %s' %(\"Molecular weight of solute =\",Ma,\"g/mol \")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Molecular weight of solute = 100 g/mol \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8 - pg 311"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the molality of the solution\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "dT=0.23 #C\n",
+ "Kb=1.86 #deg/mol/kg\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "m=dT/Kb\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"molality of solution =\",m,\"m\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "molality of solution = 0.12 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9 - pg 313"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the Osmotic Pressure\n",
+ "#Initialization of variables\n",
+ "p=0.1 #m\n",
+ "T=30+273.2 #K\n",
+ "R=0.08206 #lt atm /deg/mol\n",
+ "P1=1 #atm\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "w=1000/p\n",
+ "V=w/1000.\n",
+ "dP=R*T/V\n",
+ "P=dP+P1\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Osmotic Pressure =\",P,\" atm \")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Osmotic Pressure = 3.49 atm \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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