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+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter14 Electromotive Force"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 14.1,Page no.57"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 10,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "scrolled": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "dG = -31146.22 cal\n",
+ "dS = -29.98 cal degˆ−1\n",
+ "dH = -40079.66 cal\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "n=2.0\n",
+ "V=0.67533 # volt\n",
+ "E=23060 # cal volt ˆ−1\n",
+ "Tc=-6.5*10**-4 # volt degˆ−1\n",
+ "T=25.0 #C\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "G=-n*V*E \n",
+ "S=n*E*Tc \n",
+ "H=-n*E*V+n*Tc*E*(273+T)\n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "G=round(G,2)\n",
+ "S=round(S,2)\n",
+ "H=round(H,2)\n",
+ "print 'dG =',G,'cal'\n",
+ "print 'dS =',S,'cal degˆ−1'\n",
+ "print 'dH =',H,'cal'"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 14.3,Page no.57"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "ionic strength of NaCl = 0.01\n",
+ "ionic strength of Li2SO4 = 0.03\n",
+ "ionic strength of CuSO4 = 0.04\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "C=0.01 #M\n",
+ "C1=0.02 #M\n",
+ "n=1\n",
+ "n1=2\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "I=0.5*(C*n**2+C**n**2)\n",
+ "I1=0.5*(C1*n**2+C*n1**2) \n",
+ "I2=0.5*(C*n1**2+C*n1**2)\n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "print 'ionic strength of NaCl =',I\n",
+ "print 'ionic strength of Li2SO4 =',I1\n",
+ "print 'ionic strength of CuSO4 =',I2 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 14.4,Page no.58"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "mean ionic activity= 0.796\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "C=0.1 #M\n",
+ "V=0.3524 # volt\n",
+ "V1=0.2224 # volt\n",
+ "V2=0.1183 # volt\n",
+ "#CLACULATIONS\n",
+ "r=10**((-V+V1+V2)/V2)\n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "r=round(r,3)\n",
+ "print 'mean ionic activity=',r"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 14.5,Page no.58"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 4,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "voltage of cell = 0.74 volt\n",
+ "gibbs free energy= -34134.8 cal\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "n=2\n",
+ "F=96500 # coloumbs \n",
+ "E=0.337 # volt \n",
+ "E1=-0.403 # volt \n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS \n",
+ "E0=E-E1\n",
+ "G=-n*F*E0/4.184\n",
+ "G=round(G,2)\n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "print 'voltage of cell =',E0,'volt'\n",
+ "print 'gibbs free energy=',G,'cal'"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 14.6,Page no.59"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "voltage of cell = 0.36 volt\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "E=-0.403 # volt \n",
+ "E1=-0.763 # volt \n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS \n",
+ "E0=E-E1 \n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "print 'voltage of cell =',E0,'volt'"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 14.7,Page no.59"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 11,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Gibbs free energy = -235945.3 cal\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "E=1.360 # volt \n",
+ "E1=0.337 # volt \n",
+ "F=965000 # coloumbs \n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS \n",
+ "G=-F*(E-E1)/4.1840 \n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "G=round(G,1)\n",
+ "print 'Gibbs free energy =',G,'cal'"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 14.8,Page no.60"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "equilibrium constant = 2.977\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "E=-0.126 # volt \n",
+ "E1=-0.140 # volt \n",
+ "n=2.0 \n",
+ "R=0.0591 # volt \n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS \n",
+ "E0=E-E1 \n",
+ "K=10**((E-E1)*n/R) \n",
+ "#RESULTS\n",
+ "K=round(K,3)\n",
+ "print 'equilibrium constant =',K "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 14.9,Page no.60"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "gibbs free energy = 154.037 cal\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "E0=0.0140 # volt \n",
+ "n=2.0 \n",
+ "r=2.0 \n",
+ "V=96500.0 # coloumbs \n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS \n",
+ "E=E0-0.0576*math.log10(n) \n",
+ "G=-n*V*E/4.1840\n",
+ "#RESULTS \n",
+ "G=round(G,3)\n",
+ "print 'gibbs free energy =',G,'cal'"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 14.10,Page no.60"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "electromotive force of the cell = 0.0295 volt\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#initialisation of variables\n",
+ "n=2.0 \n",
+ "R=0.0591 \n",
+ "C=0.01 #M \n",
+ "C1=0.1 #M \n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS \n",
+ "E=-R*math.log10(C/C1)/n \n",
+ "#RESULTS \n",
+ "E=round(E,4)\n",
+ "print 'electromotive force of the cell =',E,' volt'"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "anaconda-cloud": {},
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python [Root]",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "Python [Root]"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 2
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+ "version": "2.7.11"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2025-02-03 16:09:39 +0000