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diff --git a/Modern_Physics_By_G.Aruldas/Chapter18.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_By_G.Aruldas/Chapter18.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b99ff137 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_Physics_By_G.Aruldas/Chapter18.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,366 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:0f6dea1f19194326599a9bca2989e912ed17e32f1ffb8d9305e16c13f8cacf2c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "18: Radioactive decay"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 18.1, Page number 347"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "N0=1; #assume\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "f=(N0/2)/N0; #fraction after t1/2\n",
+ "f1=(N0/4)/N0; #fraction after 2 half lives\n",
+ "f2=(N0/(2**5))/N0; #fraction after 5 half lives\n",
+ "f3=(N0/(2**10))/N0; #fraction after 10 half lives\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"fraction after 2 half lives is\",f1\n",
+ "print \"fraction after 5 half lives is\",f2\n",
+ "print \"fraction after 10 half lives is\",f3"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "fraction after 2 half lives is 0.25\n",
+ "fraction after 5 half lives is 0.03125\n",
+ "fraction after 10 half lives is 0.0009765625\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 18.2, Page number 348"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "thalf=2.7*24*60*60; #half life(s)\n",
+ "m=1*10**-6; #mass(gm)\n",
+ "Na=6.02*10**23; #avagadro number(atoms/mol)\n",
+ "M=198; #molar mass(g/mol)\n",
+ "t=8*24*60*60;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "lamda=0.693/thalf; #decay constant(per sec)\n",
+ "N=m*Na/M; #number of nuclei(atoms)\n",
+ "A0=lamda*N; #activity(disintegrations per sec)\n",
+ "A=A0*math.exp(-lamda*t); #activity for 8 days(decays per sec)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"decay constant is\",round(lamda*10**6,2),\"*10**-6 per sec\"\n",
+ "print \"activity is\",round(A0/10**9,2),\"*10**9 disintegrations per sec\"\n",
+ "print \"activity for 8 days is\",round(A/10**9,2),\"*10**9 decays per sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "decay constant is 2.97 *10**-6 per sec\n",
+ "activity is 9.03 *10**9 disintegrations per sec\n",
+ "activity for 8 days is 1.16 *10**9 decays per sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 18.3, Page number 348"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "thalf=5570*365*24*60*60; #half life(s)\n",
+ "dNbydt=3.7*10**10*2*10**-3; #number of decays per sec\n",
+ "m=14;\n",
+ "Na=6.02*10**23; #avagadro number(atoms/mol)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "lamda=0.693/thalf; #decay constant(per sec)\n",
+ "N=dNbydt/lamda; #number of atoms\n",
+ "mN=m*N/Na; #mass of 2mCi(g)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"mass of 2mCi is\",round(mN*10**4,2),\"*10**-4 g\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "mass of 2mCi is 4.36 *10**-4 g\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 18.5, Page number 353"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "thalf=1.25*10**9; #half life(yr)\n",
+ "r=10.2; #ratio of number of atoms\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "a=1+r;\n",
+ "lamda=0.693/thalf; #decay constant(per yr)\n",
+ "t=math.log(a)/lamda; #time(yr)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"the rock is\",round(t/10**9,2),\"*10**9 yrs old\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "the rock is 4.36 *10**9 yrs old\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 18.6, Page number 356"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mU=232.037131; #atomic mass of U(u)\n",
+ "mHe=4.002603; #atomic mass of He(u)\n",
+ "E=931.5; #energy(MeV)\n",
+ "KE=5.32; #kinetic energy of alpha particle(MeV)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "mTh=mU-mHe-(KE/E); #atomic mass of Th(u)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"atomic mass of Th is\",round(mTh,5),\"u\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "atomic mass of Th is 228.02882 u\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 18.7, Page number 359"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "E=931.5; #energy(MeV)\n",
+ "mX=11.011433; #mass of 11C(u)\n",
+ "mXdash=11.009305; #mass of 11B(u)\n",
+ "me=0.511;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Q=(E*(mX-mXdash))-(2*me); #Q value for decay(MeV)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"maximum energy is\",round(Q,2),\"MeV.minimum energy is zero\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "maximum energy is 0.96 MeV.minimum energy is zero\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 18.8, Page number 359"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mK=39.963999; #mass of K(u)\n",
+ "mAr=39.962384; #mass of Ar(u)\n",
+ "E=931.5; #energy(MeV)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Q=(mK-mAr)*E; #kinetic energy of neutrino(MeV)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"kinetic energy of neutrino is\",round(Q,3),\"MeV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "kinetic energy of neutrino is 1.504 MeV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 18.9, Page number 360"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mN=12.018613; #mass of N(u)\n",
+ "mC=12; #mass of C(u)\n",
+ "me=0.000549; #mass of me(u)\n",
+ "E=931.5; #energy(MeV)\n",
+ "Egamma=4.43; #energy of emitted gamma ray(MeV)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Q=(mN-mC-(2*me))*E; #Q value(MeV)\n",
+ "Emax=Q-Egamma; #maximum kinetic energy(MeV)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"maximum kinetic energy is\",round(Emax,2),\"MeV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "maximum kinetic energy is 11.89 MeV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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