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diff --git a/Modern_Physics/Chapter4_2.ipynb b/Modern_Physics/Chapter4_2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..55a7ca03 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_Physics/Chapter4_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "MP-4" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "The Wave Like Properties of Particles" + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4.1 Page 101" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initiation of variable\nfrom math import sqrt\nh=6.6*10**-34; # h(planck's constant)= 6.6*10^-34 \nm1= 10.0**3;v1=100.0; # for automobile\n\n#calculation\nw1= h/(m1*v1); # ['w'-wavelength in metre'm'-mass in Kg 'v'-velocity in metres/sec.] of the particles \nm2=10.0*(10**-3);v2= 500; # for bullet\nw2=h/(m2*v2);\nm3=(10.0**-9)*(10.0**-3); v3=1.0*10**-2;\nw3=h/(m3*v3);\nm4=9.1*10**-31;k=1*1.6*10**-19; # k- kinetic energy of the electron & using 1ev = 1.6*10^-19 joule\np=sqrt(2.0*m4*k); # p=momentum of electron ;from K=1/2*m*v^2\nw4=h/p;\nhc=1240;pc=100 # In the extreme relativistc realm, K=E=pc; Given pc=100MeV,hc=1240MeV \nw5= hc/pc;\n\n#result\nprint \"Wavelength of the automobile in m is\",w1;\nprint \"Wavelength of the bullet in m is \",w2 ;\nprint\"Wavelength of the smoke particle in m is\",w3 ;\nprint \"Wavelength of the electron(1ev) in nm is\",round(w4*10**9,3) ;\nprint \"Wavelength of the electron (100Mev) in fm is\",w5;", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Wavelength of the automobile in m is 6.6e-39\nWavelength of the bullet in m is 1.32e-34\nWavelength of the smoke particle in m is 6.6e-20\nWavelength of the electron(1ev) in nm is 1.223\nWavelength of the electron (100Mev) in fm is 12\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4.2 Page 113" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initiation of variable\nfrom math import pi\n# w=wavelength; consider k=2*(pi/w); \n# differentiate k w.r.t w and replace del(k)/del(w) = 1 for equation.4.3\n# which gives del(w)= w^2 /(2*pi*del(x)), hence \nw=20; delx=200; # delx=200cm and w=20cm\n\n#calculation\ndelw=(w**2)/(delx*2*pi);\n\n#result\nprint \"Hence uncertainity in length in cm is\",round(delw,3);", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Hence uncertainity in length is in cm 0.318\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4.3 Page 114" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initiation of variable\nfrom math import pi\ndelt=1.0; #consider time interval of 1 sec\ndelw=1/delt; # since delw*delt =1 from equation 4.4\ndelf=0.01 #calculated accuracy is 0.01Hz\n\n#calculation\ndelwc =2*pi*delf # delwc-claimed accuracy from w=2*pi*f\n\n#result\nprint \"The minimum uncertainity calculated is 1rad/sec. The claimed accuracy in rad/sec is \\n\",round(delwc,3);\nprint \"thus there is a reason to doubt the claim\"\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "The minimum uncertainity calculated is 1rad/sec. The claimed accuracy is in rad/sec\n0.063\nthus there is a reason to doubt the claim\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4.4 Page 115" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initiation of variable\nfrom math import pi\nm=9.11*10**-31;v=3.6*10**6; #'m','v' - mass an velocity of the electron in SI units\nh=1.05*10**-34; #planck's constant in SI\np=m*v; #momentum\ndelp=p*0.01; #due to 1% precision in p\ndelx = h/delp; #uncertainity in position\n\n#result\nprint \"Uncertainity in position in nm is\",round(delx*10**9,2);\n\n#partb\nprint \"Since the motion is strictly along X-direction, its velocity in Y direction is absolutely zero.\\n So uncertainity in velocity along y is zero=> uncertainity in position along y is infinite. \\nSo nothing can be said about its position/motion along \"", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Uncertainity in position in nm is 3.2\nSince the motion is strictly along X-direction, its velocity in Y direction is absolutely zero.\n So uncertainity in velocity along y is zero=> uncertainity in position along y is infinite. \nSo nothing can be said about its position/motion along \n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4.5 Page 116" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initiation of variable\nfrom math import pi\nm=0.145;v=42.5; #'m','v' - mass an velocity of the electron in SI units\nh=1.05*10**-34; #planck's constant in SI\np=m*v; #momentum\ndelp=p*0.01;#due to 1% precision in p\n\n#calculation\ndelx = h/delp#uncertainity in position\n\n#result\nprint \"Uncertainity in position is %.1e\" %delx;\n\n#part b\nprint \"Motion along y is unpredictable as long as the veloity along y is exactly known(as zero).\";", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Uncertainity in position is 1.7e-33\nMotion along y is unpredictable as long as the veloity along y is exactly known(as zero).\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4.7 Page 119" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initiation of variable\nfrom math import sqrt\nmc2=2.15*10**-4; #mc2 is the mass of the electron, concidered in Mev for the simplicity in calculations\nhc=197.0 # The value of h*c in Mev.fm for simplicity\ndelx= 10.0 # Given uncertainity in position=diameter of nucleus= 10 fm\n\n#calculation\ndelp= hc/delx ; #Uncertainiy in momentum per unit 'c' i.e (Mev/c) delp= h/delx =(h*c)/(c*delx);hc=197 Mev.fm 1Mev=1.6*10^-13 Joules')\np=delp; # Equating delp to p as a consequence of equation 4.10\nK1=p**2+mc2**2 # The following 3 steps are the steps invlolved in calculating K.E= sqrt((p*c)^2 + (mc^2)^2)- m*c^2\nK1=sqrt(K1)\nK1= K1-(mc2);\n\n#result\nprint \"Kinetic energy was found out to be in Mev is\", round(K1,3)", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Kinetic energy was found out to be in Mev 19.7\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4.8 Page 120" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initiation of variable\nh=6.58*10**-16; # plack's constant\ndelt1=26.0*10**-9;E1=140.0*10**6 #given values of lifetime and rest energy of charged pi meson\ndelt2=8.3*10**-17;E2=135.0*10**6; #given values of lifetime and rest energy of uncharged pi meson\ndelt3=4.4*10**-24;E3=765*10**6; #given values of lifetime and rest energy of rho meson\n\n#calculation\ndelE1=h/delt1; k1=delE1/E1; # k is the measure of uncertainity\ndelE2=h/delt2; k2=delE2/E2;\ndelE3=h/delt3; k3=delE3/E3;\n\n#result\nprint \"Uncertainity in energy of charged pi meson is %.1e\" %k1;\nprint \"Uncertainity in energy of uncharged pi meson is %.1e\" %k2;\nprint \"Uncertainity in energy of rho meson is \",round(k3,2);", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Uncertainity in energy of charged pi meson is 1.8e-16\nUncertainity in energy of uncharged pi meson is 5.9e-08\nUncertainity in energy of rho meson is 0.2\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4.9 Page 121" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#initiation of variable\nh=1.05*10**-34; #value of planck's constant in J.sec\ndelx= 1.0; # uncertainity in positon= dimension of the ball\ndelp=h/delx; # uncertainity in momentum \nm=0.1; #mass of the ball in kg\n\n#calculation\ndelv=delp/m; # uncertainity in velocity\n\n#result\nprint \"The value of minimum velocity was found out to be in m/sec\",delv;", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "The value of minimum velocity was found out to be in m/sec 1.05e-33\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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