summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Modern_Physics/Chapter1.ipynb
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'Modern_Physics/Chapter1.ipynb')
-rwxr-xr-xModern_Physics/Chapter1.ipynb329
1 files changed, 26 insertions, 303 deletions
diff --git a/Modern_Physics/Chapter1.ipynb b/Modern_Physics/Chapter1.ipynb
index d442fd97..30eac463 100755
--- a/Modern_Physics/Chapter1.ipynb
+++ b/Modern_Physics/Chapter1.ipynb
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
{
"metadata": {
- "name": "",
- "signature": "sha256:d8ffd8fd29d5d24b3cc8b2545e898e818e9d8ef837edfe4af93ac3d5f1b9fea0"
+ "name": "Chapter1"
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
- "Chapter 1: RELATIVITY"
+ "Chapter 1:Introduction"
]
},
{
@@ -21,41 +20,23 @@
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
- "Example 1.2, page no. 18"
+ "Example 1.1, Page 12"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "T1 = 3.0 #proper time(s)\n",
- "c = 3 * 10**8 #Speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "v = 0.95 * c #speed of observer(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "Y = 1/math.sqrt((1-(v/c)**2)) #factor by which it runs slower\n",
- "T = Y * T1 #Period of the pendulum (s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#result\n",
- "print \"The Period of the pendulum when measured by the observer is\",round(T,1),\"s\"\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "T1 = 3.0 #proper time(s)\n",
- "c = 3 * 10**8 #Speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "Vnew = (0.95 + 0.05*0.95) * c #speed of observer(m/s)\n",
+ "#initiation of variable\n",
+ "Mn=1.008665;Mp=1.007276 #Given mass of an electron and a proton in terms of u\n",
"\n",
"#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "Y = 1/math.sqrt((1-(Vnew/c)**2))\n",
- "T = Y * T1 \n",
+ "Md= Mn-Mp; #mass difference \n",
+ "Md2=Md*931.50; #converting u into Mev/c^2 by multiplying by 931.5 MeV/c^2\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
- "print \"Exercise:The Period of the pendulum when measured by the observer is\",round(T,1),\"s\"\n"
+ "print \"Mass difference in terms of U is\",round(Md,4); \n",
+ "print\"which equals in Mev/c^2. :\",round(Md2,3);"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
@@ -64,8 +45,8 @@
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
- "The Period of the pendulum when measured by the observer is 9.6 s\n",
- "Exercise:The Period of the pendulum when measured by the observer is 42.5 s\n"
+ "Mass difference in terms of U is 0.0014\n",
+ "which equals in Mev/c^2. : 1.294\n"
]
}
],
@@ -76,87 +57,21 @@
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
- "Example 1.3, page no. 20"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#variable declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "Lp = 100 #proper length of the spaceship(m)\n",
- "c = 3 * 10**8 #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "v = 0.99 * c #speed of the observer(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "L = Lp * math.sqrt((1-(v/c)**2)) #Length of the spaceship (m)\n",
- "\n",
- "#result\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"The length measured as the spaceship flies by is\",round(L),\"m\"\n",
- "\n",
- "#variable declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "Lp = 100 #proper length of the spaceship(m)\n",
- "c = 3 * 10**8 #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "v = 0.01 * c #speed of the observer(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "L = Lp * math.sqrt((1-(v/c)**2))\n",
- "\n",
- "#result\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"Exercise:The length measured as the spaceship flies by is\",round(L,2),\"m\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The length measured as the spaceship flies by is 14.0 m\n",
- "Exercise:The length measured as the spaceship flies by is 99.99 m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 1.4, page no. 20"
+ "Example 1.2, Page 12"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#variable declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "Lp = 435 #proper length of the spaceship(m)\n",
- "c = 3 * 10**8 #speed of light(m/s)\n",
- "v = 0.97 * c #speed of the spaceship(m/s)\n",
+ "#initiation of variable\n",
+ "Mp=1.007276 ; Me=5.4858*10**-4; #mass of proton and electron in terms of U\n",
"\n",
"#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "L = Lp * math.sqrt((1-(v/c)**2)) #altitude of the spaceship (m)\n",
+ "Mt=Mp+Me; #Total mass= sum of above masses \n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"The altitude of the spaceship as measured by an observer in the spaceship is\",round(L),\"m\""
+ "print\"The combined mass of an electron and a proton was found out to be in U.\",round(Mt,3);\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
@@ -165,7 +80,7 @@
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
- "The altitude of the spaceship as measured by an observer in the spaceship is 106.0 m\n"
+ "The combined mass of an electron and a proton was found out to be in U. 1.008\n"
]
}
],
@@ -176,213 +91,20 @@
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
- "Example 1.5, page no. 20"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#variable declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "Lp = 50 #horizontal length of the spaceship (m)\n",
- "c = 3 * 10**8 #speed of light (m/s)\n",
- "v = 0.95 * c #speed of the observer (m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "L = Lp * math.sqrt((1-(v/c)**2)) #length (m)\n",
- "\n",
- "#result\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"The horizontal length measured as seen by the observer\",round(L,1),\"m.\\nThe 25m vertical height is unchanged because it is perpendicular to the direction of relative motion between the observer and the spaceship.\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The horizontal length measured as seen by the observer 15.6 m.\n",
- "The 25m vertical height is unchanged because it is perpendicular to the direction of relative motion between the observer and the spaceship.\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 7
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 1.6, page no. 25"
+ "Example 1.3, Page 13"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "\n",
- "#variable declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "Yobs = 475.0 #observed wavelength (nm)\n",
- "Ysource = 394.0 #source wavelength (nm)\n",
- "c = 3 * 10**8 #speed of light (m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "v = c*(((Yobs**2)-(Ysource**2))/((Yobs**2)+(Ysource**2))) #velocity (m/s)\n",
+ "#initiation of variable\n",
+ "h=6.621*10**-34 ; c=2.9979*10**8; # h is in J/s and c is in m/s\n",
+ "hc=h*c*((10**9)/(1.6022*10**-19)); #1e=1.602*10^-19 J and 1 m=10^9 nm\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"The Hydra is receding from us at\",round(v/10**7,2),\"x 10^7 m/s\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The Hydra is receding from us at 5.54 x 10^7 m/s\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 9
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 1.8, page no. 30"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "c = 3 * 10 **8 #speed of light (m/s)\n",
- "v = 0.750 * c #speed of spacecraft A relative to an observer on Earth(m/s)\n",
- "ux = -0.850 *c #speed of spacecraft B relative to an observer on Earth(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "ux1 = (ux-v)/(1-((ux*v)/(c**2))) #velocity (m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#results\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"The velocity of B with respect to A is\",round(ux1/c,4),\"c\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The velocity of B with respect to A is -0.9771 c\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 11
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 1.9, page no. 30"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "c = 3 * 10 **8 #speed of light (m/s)\n",
- "v = 0.800 * c #velocity of the motorcycle with respect to the stationary observer (m/s)\n",
- "ux1 = 0.700 *c #velocity of the ball in the frame of reference of the motorcyclist (m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "ux = (ux1+v)/(1+((ux1*v)/(c**2))) #velocity (m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#results\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"The velocity of the ball relative to the stationary observer is\",round(ux/c,4),\"c\"\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "c = 3 * 10 **8 #speed of light (m/s)\n",
- "v = 0.800 * c #velocity of the motorcycle with respect to the stationary observer (m/s)\n",
- "ux1 = c #velocity of the beam of light in the frame of reference of the motorcyclist (m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "ux = (ux1+v)/(1+((ux1*v)/(c**2))) #velocity (m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#results\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"The speed of the beam of light relative to the stationary observer is\",round(ux/c,4),\"c\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The velocity of the ball relative to the stationary observer is 0.9615 c\n",
- "The speed of the beam of light relative to the stationary observer is 1.0 c\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 13
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 1.10, page no. 30"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "c = 3 * 10 **8 #speed of light (m/s)\n",
- " #observations of stationary police officer\n",
- "uxa = 0.75 * c # velocity of pack leader Alpha in x direction (m/s)\n",
- "uya = 0 # velocity of pack leader Alpha in y direction (m/s)\n",
- "uxb = 0 # velocity of pack leader Beta in x direction (m/s)\n",
- "uyb = -0.9 * c # velocity of pack leader Beta in y direction (m/s) \n",
- " \n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "ux1 = (uxb-uxa)/(1-((uxb*uxa)/(c**2))) #speed in X axis (m/s)\n",
- "uy1 = (math.sqrt(1-((uxa**2)/(c**2)))*(uyb))#/(1-((uxb*uxa)/(c**2))) #speed in Y axis (m/s)\n",
- "u1 = math.sqrt(ux1**2 + uy1**2) #total speed (m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#results\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"The speed of recession of Beta away from Alpha as observed by Alpha is then found to be\",round(u1/c,2),\"c\"\n"
+ "print \"The value of hc in eV.nm is\",round(hc,4); \n",
+ "print 'Hence zero at the end is significant.';\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
@@ -391,11 +113,12 @@
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
- "The speed of recession of Beta away from Alpha as observed by Alpha is then found to be 0.96 c\n"
+ "The value of hc in eV.nm is 1238.8651\n",
+ "Hence zero at the end is significant.\n"
]
}
],
- "prompt_number": 15
+ "prompt_number": 8
}
],
"metadata": {}
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-20 10:03:36 +0000