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diff --git a/Microwave_Engineering_by_G._S._Raghuvanshi/Ch1.ipynb b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G._S._Raghuvanshi/Ch1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..14c6b463 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Engineering_by_G._S._Raghuvanshi/Ch1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,811 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:2baa3eb0c199078d6675540c13fc8ca69d0c0eaa0d2eef907c98727dce3b6cde" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ch-1 : Microwaves" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 12 Example 1.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import cmath \n", + "from math import pi\n", + "#Given\n", + "z0=50 #ohm\n", + "zg=50 #ohm\n", + "l=0.25 #m\n", + "f=4e9 #hz\n", + "zl=100 #ohm\n", + "vg=10 #V\n", + "w=2*pi*f #rad/sec\n", + "c=3e8 #m/s\n", + "\n", + "#(i) Voltage and current at any point\n", + "tg=(zg-z0)/(zg+z0) \n", + "tl=(zl-z0)/(zl+z0) \n", + "vi=z0*vg/(z0+zg) #V\n", + "print 'Voltage at any point = %0.2f V' %(vi)\n", + "ii=vg/(2*z0) #A\n", + "print 'Current at any point = %0.2f A'%(ii) \n", + "\n", + "#(ii) Voltage at generator end\n", + "#Taking z=1\n", + "z=1 \n", + "bet=w/c \n", + "vz=(vg/2)*cmath.exp(-1J*bet*(z+l))*(1+(tl*cmath.exp(2*1J*bet*z))) #V\n", + "print 'Voltage at generator end ={:.3f}'.format(vz),'V'\n", + "iz=ii*cmath.exp(-1J*bet*(z+l))*(1-(tl*cmath.exp(2*1J*bet*z))) #A\n", + "vz1=(vg/2)*cmath.exp(-1J*bet*(z+l))*(1+(tl*cmath.exp(2*1J*bet*z))) #V\n", + "\n", + "#Voltage at load end, z=0\n", + "z11=0 \n", + "vl=(vg/2)*cmath.exp(-1J*bet*l)*(1+(tl*cmath.exp(2*1J*bet*z11))) #V\n", + "print 'Voltage at load end ={:.3f}'.format(vl),'V'\n", + "\n", + "#(iii) Reflection coefficient\n", + "zx=0.25 \n", + "tz=tl*cmath.exp(1J*2*bet*zx) \n", + "print 'Reflection coefficient:{:.3f}'.format(tz) \n", + "\n", + "#(iv) VSWR\n", + "p=(1+tl)/(1-tl) \n", + "print 'VSWR:' ,p\n", + "\n", + "#(v) Average power delivered to the load\n", + "vl=20/3 \n", + "pl0=vl**2/(2*zl) #W\n", + "print 'Average power delivered to the load = %0.2f W' %pl0" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage at any point = 5.00 V\n", + "Current at any point = 0.10 A\n", + "Voltage at generator end =-0.833+4.330j V\n", + "Voltage at load end =-3.333-5.774j V\n", + "Reflection coefficient:-0.167-0.289j\n", + "VSWR: 2.0\n", + "Average power delivered to the load = 0.22 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 14 Example 1.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import log \n", + "#Given\n", + "pm=3 \n", + "pl=4 \n", + "l=24 #cm\n", + "l1=l/100 #m\n", + "\n", + "#Attenuation\n", + "tin=(pm-1)/(pm+1) \n", + "tl=(pl-1)/(pl+1) \n", + "alp=(1/(2*l1))*log(tl/tin) #Np/m\n", + "print 'Attenuation in the line = %0.2f'%alp,'Mp/m' " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Attenuation in the line = 0.38 Mp/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 14 Example 1.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import sqrt \n", + "#Given\n", + "c=3e8 #m/s\n", + "z0=200 #ohm\n", + "zl=800 #ohm\n", + "f=30e6 #hz\n", + "\n", + "#Characterstic impedance\n", + "z00=sqrt(z0*zl) #ohm\n", + "print 'Characterstic impedance = %0.2f ohm' %z00\n", + "\n", + "#Length of line\n", + "lam=c/f #m\n", + "l=lam/4 #m\n", + "print 'Length of line = %0.2f m' %l" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Characterstic impedance = 400.00 ohm\n", + "Length of line = 2.50 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 15 Example 1.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "#Given\n", + "l=1.2 #mH\n", + "r=8 #ohm\n", + "c=200e-12 #F\n", + "\n", + "#(i) Resonant frequency\n", + "f0=(1/(2*pi))*sqrt(1/(l*c)) #hz\n", + "print 'Resonant frequency:%0.2f'%f0,'Hz' \n", + "\n", + "#(ii) Impedance of circuit\n", + "print 'Impedance of circuit:',r,'ohm' \n", + "\n", + "#(iii)Q factor of the circuit\n", + "q=1/(2*pi*f0*c*r) \n", + "print 'Q factor of the circuit:%0.2f'%q\n", + "\n", + "#(iv) Bandwidth\n", + "df=f0/q #hz\n", + "\n", + "print 'Bandwidth:%0.2f' %df,'Hz'\n", + "\n", + "#The value of resonant frequency is calculated wrong in book\n", + "#Hence Q factor and bandwidth, all these answers dont match" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resonant frequency:10273.41 Hz\n", + "Impedance of circuit: 8 ohm\n", + "Q factor of the circuit:9682.46\n", + "Bandwidth:1.06 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 44 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: Example 1.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from math import cos, sin\n", + "#Given\n", + "c=3e8 #m/s\n", + "le=25 #m\n", + "zl=40+(1J*30) #ohm\n", + "f=10e6 #hz\n", + "cap=40e-12 #F\n", + "l=300e-9 #H/m\n", + "\n", + "#Input impedance\n", + "z0=sqrt(l/cap) #ohm\n", + "zl1=zl/z0 \n", + "lam=c/f #m\n", + "bet=(2*pi*le)/lam #rad\n", + "zin=((zl1*cos(bet))+(1J*sin(bet)))/(cos(bet)+(1J*zl1*sin(bet))) #ohm\n", + "print 'Input impedance: {:.3f}'.format(zin), 'ohm'\n", + "\n", + "#Reflection coefficient\n", + "t=(zl1-1)/(zl1+1) \n", + "print 'Reflection coefficient:{:.3f}'.format(t)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input impedance: 0.577-0.577j ohm\n", + "Reflection coefficient:-0.295+0.307j\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 16 Example 1.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath \n", + "#Given\n", + "c=3e8 #m/s\n", + "R=2.25 #ohm\n", + "L=1e-9 #H/m\n", + "C=1e-12 #F/m\n", + "f=0.5e9 #hz\n", + "G=0 \n", + "w=2*pi*f #rad/sec\n", + "\n", + "#Characterstic impedance\n", + "z0=cmath.sqrt((R+(1J*w*L))/(G+(1J*w*C))) #ohm\n", + "print 'Characterstic impedance:{:.3f}'.format(z0),'ohm'\n", + "\n", + "#Propagation constant\n", + "gam=cmath.sqrt((R+(1J*w*L))*(G+(1J*w*C))) \n", + "print 'Propagation constant:{:.3f}'.format(gam)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Characterstic impedance:33.392-10.724j ohm\n", + "Propagation constant:0.034+0.105j\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 48 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 20 Example 1.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "#Given\n", + "c=3e8 #m/s\n", + "f=3e9 #Hz\n", + "ZL=50-(1J*100) #ohms\n", + "Z0=50 #ohm\n", + "#Wavelength\n", + "lam=c/f \n", + "print 'Wavelength:',lam*100, 'cm'\n", + "\n", + "#Normalized load impedance\n", + "z=ZL/Z0 \n", + "print 'Normalized load impedance:' ,z\n", + "\n", + "#From chart\n", + "zin=0.45+(1J*1.2) \n", + "yin=0.27-(1J*0.73) \n", + "ZINN=Z0*zin \n", + "print 'Line impedance:' ,ZINN,'ohm'\n", + "YINN=yin/Z0 \n", + "print 'Line admittance:',YINN, 'mho'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Wavelength: 10.0 cm\n", + "Normalized load impedance: (1-2j)\n", + "Line impedance: (22.5+60j) ohm\n", + "Line admittance: (0.0054-0.0146j) mho\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 22 Example 1.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "#Given\n", + "ZL=75+(1J*100) #ohms\n", + "Z0=50 #ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Normalized load impedance\n", + "z=ZL/Z0 \n", + "print 'Normalized load impedance:' ,z\n", + "\n", + "#(i) 0.051*lam\n", + "#From chart\n", + "r=4.6 \n", + "Zi1=r*Z0 \n", + "print 'Input impedance at 0.051 lam:' ,Zi1,'ohm'\n", + "\n", + "#(ii) 0.102*lam\n", + "r1=1.5-(1J*2) \n", + "Zi2=r1*Z0 \n", + "print 'Input impedance at 0.102 lam:' ,Zi2,'ohm'\n", + " \n", + "#(iii) 0.301*lam\n", + "r2=0.22 \n", + "Zi3=r2*Z0 \n", + "print 'Input impedance at 0.301 lam:' ,Zi3, 'ohm'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized load impedance: (1.5+2j)\n", + "Input impedance at 0.051 lam: 230.0 ohm\n", + "Input impedance at 0.102 lam: (75-100j) ohm\n", + "Input impedance at 0.301 lam: 11.0 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 23 Example 1.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "#Given\n", + "ZL=15+(1J*20) #ohms\n", + "Z0=50 #ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Normalized load impedance\n", + "z=ZL/Z0 \n", + "print 'Normalized load impedance:' ,z\n", + "\n", + "#From chart\n", + "T=0.6 \n", + "print 'Reflection coefficient:' ,T\n", + "\n", + "#VSWR\n", + "p=4 \n", + "print 'VSWR:' ,p" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized load impedance: (0.3+0.4j)\n", + "Reflection coefficient: 0.6\n", + "VSWR: 4\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 25 Example 1.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "#Given\n", + "Z0=50 #ohm\n", + "p=2.4 \n", + "\n", + "#From chart\n", + "zl=1.4+1J \n", + "L=Z0*zl \n", + "print 'Load:',L, 'ohm'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load: (70+50j) ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 52 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 26 Example 1.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "#Given\n", + "Z0=50 #ohm\n", + "T=2.23 \n", + "\n", + "#From chart\n", + "zl=2+1J \n", + "ZLd=Z0*zl \n", + "print 'Normalized impedance:',ZLd, 'ohm'\n", + "\n", + "#Impedance of device is by negating the real part\n", + "imp=-(ZLd.real)+((ZLd.imag)*1J) \n", + "print 'Impedance of device:' ,imp,'ohm'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized impedance: (100+50j) ohm\n", + "Impedance of device: (-100+50j) ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 27 Example 1.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "#Given\n", + "p=3 \n", + "m1=54 #cm\n", + "m2=204 #cm\n", + "\n", + "#Point A\n", + "print 'Point A' \n", + "lam=4*(m2-m1) \n", + "dA=0.083*lam \n", + "L=m1-dA \n", + "print 'Location of stub:',L, 'cm'\n", + "IA=0.114*lam \n", + "print 'Length:' ,IA, 'cm'\n", + "\n", + "#Point B\n", + "print 'Point B' \n", + "dB=0.083*lam \n", + "IB=0.386*lam \n", + "Lb=dB+m1 \n", + "print 'Location of stub:',Lb, 'cm'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Point A\n", + "Location of stub: 4.2 cm\n", + "Length: 68.4 cm\n", + "Point B\n", + "Location of stub: 103.8 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 54 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 30 Example 1.15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "#Given\n", + "Z0=50 #ohm\n", + "ZL=100 #ohms\n", + "f=10e9 #Hz\n", + "c=0.159e-12 #F\n", + "\n", + "#Normalized load impedance\n", + "z=ZL/Z0 \n", + "print 'Normalized load impedance:' ,z\n", + "\n", + "#From chart\n", + "zin=0.4+(1J*0.55) \n", + "ZINN=Z0*zin \n", + "print 'Normalized impedance:',ZINN, 'ohm'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Normalized load impedance: 2.0\n", + "Normalized impedance: (20+27.5j) ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 42 Example 1.16" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "#From given wave equation we can see\n", + "w=1e9 #rad/sec\n", + "bet=30 #rad/m\n", + "c=3e8 #m/s\n", + "u0=1 #let\n", + "e0=1/(9e16) \n", + "\n", + "vp=w/bet #m/sec\n", + "print 'Phase velocity:%0.2f' %vp,'m/s'\n", + "\n", + "e=1/(vp**2*u0) \n", + "er=e/(e0*u0) \n", + "print 'Dielectric constant:' ,er" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Phase velocity:33333333.33 m/s\n", + "Dielectric constant: 81.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 42 Example 1.17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Given\n", + "c=3e8 #m/s\n", + "f=10e9 #hz\n", + "er=6 \n", + "tandel=2e-4 \n", + "\n", + "vp=c/er #m/sec\n", + "print 'Phase velocity: %0.f'%vp,'m/sec'\n", + "al=(pi*f*tandel)/vp #Np/m\n", + "print 'Attenuation constant: %0.3f'%al,'Np/m'\n", + "\n", + "#Answer for velocity is calculated wrong in book, hence answers dont match for both" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Phase velocity: 50000000 m/sec\n", + "Attenuation constant: 0.126 Np/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 43 Example 1.18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " #Given\n", + "er=2.2 \n", + "n0=377 #ohm\n", + "n2=n0/sqrt(er) #ohm\n", + "n1=377 #ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Reflection coefficient\n", + "t=(n2-n1)/(n2+n1) \n", + "print 'Reflection coefficient: %0.2f'%t\n", + "\n", + "#Vswr\n", + "#Taking mod of reflection coefficient\n", + "t1=-t \n", + "p=(1+t1)/(1-t1) \n", + "print 'VSWR: %0.3f'%p" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Reflection coefficient: -0.19\n", + "VSWR: 1.483\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Page Number: 43 Example 1.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " #Given\n", + "sig=5 #mohm/m\n", + "er=80*8.85e-12 \n", + "eaz=0.1 \n", + "u=1.26e-6 \n", + "\n", + "az=-log(0.1) \n", + "#(i) Range at 25Khz\n", + "f=25e3 #Khz\n", + "w=2*pi*f #rad/sec\n", + "a=w*(sqrt((u*er/2)*(sqrt(sig**2/(w**2*er**2)+1)-1))) \n", + "z=az/a #m\n", + "print 'Range at 25khz: %0.3f'%z, 'm'\n", + "\n", + "#(ii) Range at 25Mhz\n", + "f1=25e6 #Mhz\n", + "w1=2*pi*f1 #rad/sec\n", + "a1=w1*(sqrt((u*er/2)*(sqrt(sig**2/(w1**2*er**2)+1)-1))) \n", + "z1=az/a1 #m\n", + "print 'Range at 25Mhz: %0.3f'%z1, 'm'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Range at 25khz: 3.273 m\n", + "Range at 25Mhz: 0.105 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 63 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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