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diff --git a/Microwave_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Y._Liao/chapter10.ipynb b/Microwave_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Y._Liao/chapter10.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..1521d68f --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Y._Liao/chapter10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,502 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:f6cde23ce2afec7e011f20ed56b14deeef046db9ca1319efd802d439a18d5a2d"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter10:MICROWAVE CROSSED-FIELD TUBES(M TYPE)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Eg10.1.1:pg-448"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#(a) Calculate the cyclotron angular frequency\n",
+ "em=1.759*(10**11) #em=e/m is the charge is to mass ratio of electron\n",
+ "B0=0.336 #Magnetic flux density in Wb/m**2\n",
+ "wc=(em)*B0 \n",
+ "print\"The cyclotron angular frequency(in rad)is =\",\"{:.2e}\".format(wc),\"rad\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b) Calculate the cutoff voltage for a fixed B0\n",
+ "a=5*(10**-2) #radius of cathode cylinder in meter\n",
+ "b=10*(10**-2) #radius of vane edge to center in meter\n",
+ "Voc=(em*(B0**2)*(b**2)*((1-((a/b)**2))**2))/8 \n",
+ "Voc=Voc/(10**5) #converting Voc in KV\n",
+ "print\"The cutoff voltage for a fixed B0(in KV)is =\",round(Voc,2),\"KV\" #calculation mistake in book\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c) Calculate the cutoff magnetic flux density for a fixed V0\n",
+ "V0=26*(10**3) #Anode voltage in volt\n",
+ "Boc=sqrt((8*V0)/em)/(b*(1-((a/b)**2))) \n",
+ "Boc=Boc*1000 #converting Boc in mWb/m**2\n",
+ "print\"The cutoff magnetic flux density for a fixed V0(in mWb/m**2)is =\",round(Boc,3),\"mWb/m2\" "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The cyclotron angular frequency(in rad)is = 5.91e+10 rad\n",
+ "The cutoff voltage for a fixed B0(in KV)is = 139.63 KV\n",
+ "The cutoff magnetic flux density for a fixed V0(in mWb/m**2)is = 14.499 mWb/m2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Eg10.1.1A:pg-452"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#(a) Calculate the angular resonant frequency\n",
+ "f=9*(10**9) #Operating frequency in Hertz\n",
+ "wr=2*math.pi*f #angular frequency\n",
+ "print\"The angular resonant frequency(in rad)is =\",\"{:.3e}\".format(wr),\"rad\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b) Calculate the unloaded quality factor\n",
+ "C=2.5*(10**-12) #vane capacitance in Farad\n",
+ "Gr=2*(10**-4) #Resonator conductance in mho\n",
+ "Qun=wr*C/Gr \n",
+ "print\"The unloaded quality factor is=\",int(round(Qun))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c) Calculate the loaded quality factor\n",
+ "C=2.5*(10**-12) #vane capacitance in Farad\n",
+ "Gr=2*(10**-4) #Resonator conductance in mho\n",
+ "Gl=2.5*(10**-5) #loaded conductance in mho\n",
+ "Ql=wr*C/(Gl+Gr) \n",
+ "print\"The loaded quality factor is=\",int(Ql)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(d) Calculate the external quality factor\n",
+ "C=2.5*(10**-12) #vane capacitance in Farad\n",
+ "Gl=2.5*(10**-5) #loaded conductance in mho\n",
+ "Qex=wr*C/Gl \n",
+ "print\"The external quality factor is=\",int(round(Qex)) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(e) Calculate the circuit efficiency\n",
+ "n=(1/(1+(Qex/Qun))) \n",
+ "n=n*100 \n",
+ "print\"The circuit efficiency(in %) is=\",round(n,2),\"%\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(f) Calculate the electronic efficiency\n",
+ "V0=5.5*(10**3) #Anode Voltage in volt\n",
+ "I0=4.5 #Beam current in Ampere\n",
+ "Plost=18.5*(10**3) #power loss in Watt\n",
+ "ne=((V0*I0)-(Plost))/(V0*I0) \n",
+ "ne=ne*100 \n",
+ "print\"The electronic efficiency(in %) is=\",round(ne,2),\"%\" "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The angular resonant frequency(in rad)is = 5.655e+10 rad\n",
+ "The unloaded quality factor is= 707\n",
+ "The loaded quality factor is= 628\n",
+ "The external quality factor is= 5655\n",
+ "The circuit efficiency(in %) is= 11.11 %\n",
+ "The electronic efficiency(in %) is= 25.25 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Eg10.1.2:pg-457"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#(a) Calculate the Hull cutoff voltage for fixed Bo\n",
+ "em=1.759*(10**11) #em=e/m is the charge to mass ratio of electron\n",
+ "Bo=0.01 #Magnetic flux density in Wb/m**2\n",
+ "d=5*(10**-2) #Distance between cathode and anode in meter\n",
+ "Voc=(1.0/2)*(em)*(Bo**2)*(d**2) \n",
+ "Voc=Voc/1000 #converting Voc in KV\n",
+ "print\"The Hull cutoff voltage for fixed Bo (in KV)is =\",round(Voc),\"KV\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b) Calculate the Hull cutoff magnetic field density for fixed Vo\n",
+ "V0=10*(10**3) #Anode voltage in Volt\n",
+ "Boc=(1.0/d)*sqrt((2*V0)/(em)) \n",
+ "Boc=Boc*1000 #in mWb/m2\n",
+ "print\"The Hull cutoff magnetic field density for fixed Vo(in mWb/m**2)is =\",round(Boc,2),\"mWb/m2\" "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The Hull cutoff voltage for fixed Bo (in KV)is = 22.0 KV\n",
+ "The Hull cutoff magnetic field density for fixed Vo(in mWb/m**2)is = 6.74 mWb/m2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Eg10.1.2a:pg-459"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#(a) Calculate the electron velocity at the hub surface\n",
+ "em=1.759*(10**11) #em=e/m is the charge to mass ratio of electron\n",
+ "Bo=0.015 #Magnetic flux density in Wb/m**2\n",
+ "d=5*(10**-2) #Distance between cathode and anode in meter\n",
+ "h=2.77*(10**-2) #hub thickness in meter\n",
+ "V=em*Bo*h \n",
+ "print\"The electron velocity at the hub surface(in m/s)is =\",\"{:.1e}\".format(V),\"m/s\" #answer in book is wrong\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b) Calculate the phase velocity for synchronism\n",
+ "Vph=V #Vph=W/B and for synchronism Vph=V\n",
+ "print\"The phase velocity for synchronism is Vph=w/B =\",\"{:.1e}\".format(Vph),\"m/s\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c) Calculate the Hartree anode voltage\n",
+ "Vph=int(Vph/1000000) #converting the Vph in to the format printed above for easy calculations\n",
+ "Vph=Vph*1000000\n",
+ "Voh=((Vph*Bo*d))-((1.0/2)*(1/em)*(Vph**2)) \n",
+ "Voh=Voh/1000 #in KV\n",
+ "print\"The Hartree anode voltage (in KV) is =\",round(Voh,2),\"KV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The electron velocity at the hub surface(in m/s)is = 7.3e+07 m/s\n",
+ "The phase velocity for synchronism is Vph=w/B = 7.3e+07 m/s\n",
+ "The Hartree anode voltage (in KV) is = 39.6 KV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Eg10.1.5:pg-465"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#(a) Calculate the cutoff voltage for fixed Bo\n",
+ "em=1.759*(10**11) #em=e/m is the charge to mass ratio of electron\n",
+ "Bo=0.01 #Magnetic flux density Wb/m**2\n",
+ "a=3*(10**-2) #anode radius in meter\n",
+ "b=4*(10**-2) #Cathode radius in meter\n",
+ "Voc=(1.0/8)*(em)*(Bo**2)*(a**2)*((1-((b/a)**2))**2) \n",
+ "Voc=Voc/1000 # in KV\n",
+ "print\"The cutoff voltage for fixed Bo(in KV)is =\",round(Voc,2),\"KV\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b) Calculate the cutoff magnetic flux density for fixed Vo\n",
+ "V0=10*(10**3) #Anode voltage in Volt\n",
+ "Boc=(-1/(sqrt(em)))*(sqrt(8*V0))/((a)*(1-((b/a)**2))) \n",
+ "print\"The cutoff magnetic flux density for fixed Vo(in Wb/m**2)is =\",round(Boc,4),\"Wb/m2\" "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The cutoff voltage for fixed Bo(in KV)is = 1.2 KV\n",
+ "The cutoff magnetic flux density for fixed Vo(in Wb/m**2)is = 0.0289 Wb/m2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Eg10.1.6:pg-467"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#(a) Calculate the agile excursion\n",
+ "t=0.2*(10**-6) #pulse duration in seconds\n",
+ "N=14 #pulse rate on target per scan\n",
+ "AC=N/t #agile Excursion\n",
+ "AC=AC/(10**6) #in MHz\n",
+ "print\"The agile excursion(in MHz)is =\",int(AC),\"MHz\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b) Calculate the pulse-to-pulse frequency separation\n",
+ "fp=1.0/t \n",
+ "fp=fp/(10**6) #in MHz\n",
+ "print\"The pulse-to-pulse frequency separation(in MHz)is =\",int(fp),\"MHz\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c) Calculate the signal frequency\n",
+ "DC=0.001 #Duty cycle\n",
+ "f=(DC/t) \n",
+ "f=f/(10**3) #in KHz\n",
+ "print\"The signal frequency(in KHz)is =\",int(f),\"KHz\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(d) Calculate the time for N pulses\n",
+ "Time=N/f \n",
+ "print\"The time for 14 pulses per second (in ms)is =\",Time,\"ms\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(e) Calculate the agile rate\n",
+ "Agile_rate=1/(2*Time*(10**-3)) \n",
+ "print\"The agile rate(in Hz)is =\",round(Agile_rate,2),\"Hz\" "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The agile excursion(in MHz)is = 70 MHz\n",
+ "The pulse-to-pulse frequency separation(in MHz)is = 5 MHz\n",
+ "The signal frequency(in KHz)is = 5 KHz\n",
+ "The time for 14 pulses per second (in ms)is = 2.8 ms\n",
+ "The agile rate(in Hz)is = 178.57 Hz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Eg10.2.1:pg-473"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#(a) Calculate the induced RF power\n",
+ "Vao=2*(10**3) #Anode dc voltage in Volt\n",
+ "Iao=1.5 #Anode dc current in ampere\n",
+ "ne=0.20 #Electronic efficiency\n",
+ "Pgen=Vao*Iao*ne \n",
+ "print\"The induced RF power(in W)is =\",int(Pgen),\"W\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b) Calculate the total RF output power\n",
+ "Pin=80 #RF input power in Watt\n",
+ "Pout=Pin+(Pgen) \n",
+ "print\"The total RF output power(in W)is =\",int(Pout),\"W\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c) Calculate the power gain\n",
+ "g=Pout/Pin \n",
+ "g=10*log10(g) #in decibels\n",
+ "print\"The power gain(in dB)is =\",round(g,1),\"dB\" "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The induced RF power(in W)is = 600 W\n",
+ "The total RF output power(in W)is = 680 W\n",
+ "The power gain(in dB)is = 9.3 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Eg10.3.1:pg-478"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#(a) Calculate the dc electron-beam velocity\n",
+ "V0=15*(10**3) #Anode voltage in Volt\n",
+ "v0=0.593*(10**6)*sqrt(V0) #v0=sqrt((2*e*V0)/m),where e is the charge on electron and m is the mass of electron \n",
+ " #sqrt(2*e/m)=0.593*(10**6)\n",
+ "print\"The dc electron-beam velocity (in m/s)is =\",\"{:.3e}\".format(v0),\"m/s\" #answer in book is wrong\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b) Calculate the electron-beam phase constant\n",
+ "f=8*(10**9) #operating frequency in Hertz\n",
+ "w=2*math.pi*f #angular frequency in Hertz\n",
+ "v0=int(v0/100000) #converting v0 in to the format printed above for easy calculations\n",
+ "v0=v0*100000\n",
+ "Be=w/v0 \n",
+ "print\"The electron-beam phase constant(in rad/m)is =\",round(Be,2),\"rad/s\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c) Calculate the cyclotron angular frequency\n",
+ "em=1.759*(10**11) #em=e/m is the charge to mass ratio of electron\n",
+ "Bo=0.2 #Magnetic flux density in Wb/m**2\n",
+ "wc=(em*Bo) \n",
+ "print\"The cyclotron angular frequency(in rad/s)is =\",\"{:.3e}\".format(wc),\"rad/s\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(d) Calculate the cyclotron phase constant\n",
+ "Bm=wc/v0 \n",
+ "print\"The cyclotron phase constant(in rad/m)is =\",round(Bm,2),\"rad/s\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(e) Calculate the gain parameter\n",
+ "Z0=50 #characteristic impedance in Ohms\n",
+ "I0=3.0 #Anode current in ampere\n",
+ "C=((I0*Z0)/(4*V0))**(1/3.0)\n",
+ "print\"The gain parameter is =\",round(C,3) "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The dc electron-beam velocity (in m/s)is = 7.263e+07 m/s\n",
+ "The electron-beam phase constant(in rad/m)is = 692.36 rad/s\n",
+ "The cyclotron angular frequency(in rad/s)is = 3.518e+10 rad/s\n",
+ "The cyclotron phase constant(in rad/m)is = 484.57 rad/s\n",
+ "The gain parameter is = 0.136\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Eg10.4.1:pg-483"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#(a)Calculate the dc electron velocity\n",
+ "V0=20*(10**3) #Anode voltage in Volt\n",
+ "v0=0.593*(10**6)*sqrt(V0) #v0=sqrt((2*e*V0)/m),where e is the charge on electron and m is the mass of electron \n",
+ " #sqrt(2*e/m)=0.593*(10**6)\n",
+ "print\"The dc electron velocity (in m/s)is =\",\"{:.3e}\".format(v0),\"m/s\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b) Calculate the electron-beam phase constant\n",
+ "f=4*(10**9) #operating frequency in Hertz\n",
+ "w=2*math.pi*f #angular frequency in Hertz\n",
+ "Be=w/v0 \n",
+ "print\"The electron-beam phase constant(in rad/m)is =\",int(round(Be)),\"rad/m\" \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c) Calculate the delta differentials\n",
+ "b=0.5 #b factor\n",
+ "print\"The Delta differentials are:\" \n",
+ "s1=(1j)*((b-sqrt((b**2)+4))/2)\n",
+ "s1=round(s1.imag,2)\n",
+ "s1=0+1j*s1\n",
+ "print\"s1=\",s1 \n",
+ "s2=(1j)*((b+sqrt((b**2)+4))/2)\n",
+ "s2=round(s2.imag,2)\n",
+ "s2=0+1j*s2\n",
+ "print\"s2=\",s2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(d)Calculate the propagation constants\n",
+ "D=0.8 #D factor\n",
+ "print\"The propagation constants are:\" \n",
+ "r1=((1j)*(round(Be)+b))+(b*D*s1) \n",
+ "r1=round(r1.imag,1)\n",
+ "r1=0+1j*r1\n",
+ "print\"r1=\",r1\n",
+ "r2=((1j)*(round(Be)+b))+(b*D*s2) # in book the value of s2 is used with negative sign which is wrong\n",
+ "r2=round(r2.imag,2)\n",
+ "r2=0+1j*r2\n",
+ "print\"r2=\",r2 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(e)Calculate the oscillation condition\n",
+ "print\"The oscillation occurs at DN=1.25 for n=1\" \n",
+ "N=1.25/D \n",
+ "print\"then N=\",N \n",
+ "l=(2*math.pi*N)/round(Be) \n",
+ "l=l*100 #in cm\n",
+ "print\"and l= 2*pi*N/Be(in cm) =\",round(l,2),\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The dc electron velocity (in m/s)is = 8.386e+07 m/s\n",
+ "The electron-beam phase constant(in rad/m)is = 300 rad/m\n",
+ "The Delta differentials are:\n",
+ "s1= -0.78j\n",
+ "s2= 1.28j\n",
+ "The propagation constants are:\n",
+ "r1= 300.2j\n",
+ "r2= 301.01j\n",
+ "The oscillation occurs at DN=1.25 for n=1\n",
+ "then N= 1.5625\n",
+ "and l= 2*pi*N/Be(in cm) = 3.27 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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