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+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Chapter 20: Sheet-Metal Forming"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 20.1, Deep Drawing, Page No. 672"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "\n",
+      "Limiting ratio = 1.98104\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from math import log\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#variable declaration\n",
+    "le=0.3;\n",
+    "wd=-0.16;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#calcualtion\n",
+    "l_l0=1+le;\n",
+    "w_w0=1+wd;\n",
+    "R=log(1/w_w0)/log((w_w0)*l_l0);\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#result\n",
+    "print('\\nLimiting ratio = %g')%(R);"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 20.2, Forming Limit Criteria, Page No. 675"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "\n",
+      "Major Strain = 80 percent \n",
+      "Minor Strain = -20 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#variable declaration\n",
+    "d=0.1;\n",
+    "mj_d=0.18;\n",
+    "mn_d=0.08;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#calculation\n",
+    "e1=(mj_d-d)/d;\n",
+    "e2=(mn_d-d)/d;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#result\n",
+    "print('\\nMajor Strain = %g percent \\nMinor Strain = %g percent')%(e1*100,e2*100);"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}