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diff --git a/Materials_Science/Chapter05.ipynb b/Materials_Science/Chapter05.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 39b44fee..00000000 --- a/Materials_Science/Chapter05.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,666 +0,0 @@ -{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "",
- "signature": "sha256:ef6d9a0d23fffdb9f7c392e83ea5acb91eccb75cc2e53a11277239fd4fc34966"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chapter05:Electron Theory of Metals"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.1.i:pg-110"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Example 5.1.i: probability for diamond\n",
- " \n",
- "# given :\n",
- "\n",
- "Eg=5.6; # in eV\n",
- "k=86.2*10**-6; # in eVk**-1\n",
- "T=273+25.0; # in K\n",
- "E_Ef=Eg/2;\n",
- "f_E=1/(1+math.exp(E_Ef/(k*T)));\n",
- "print f_E,\" is probability for diamond\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "4.58172567644e-48 is probability for diamond\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 13
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.1.ii:pg-110"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Example 5.1.ii: probability for silicon\n",
- " \n",
- "# given :\n",
- "Eg=1.07; # in eV\n",
- "k=86.2*10**-6; # in eVk**-1\n",
- "T=273+25.0; # in K\n",
- "E_Ef=Eg/2;\n",
- "f_E=1/(1+math.exp(E_Ef/(k*T)));\n",
- "print f_E,\"is probability for diamond \"\n",
- "# answer is wrong in book\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "9.01312095705e-10 is probability for diamond \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 12
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.2:pg-119"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Example 5.2: resistance\n",
- " \n",
- "# given :\n",
- "l=1; # length in m\n",
- "A=4*10**-4; # area of cross section in m**2\n",
- "p=0.01*10**-2; # resistivity in ohm-m\n",
- "R=p*(l/A);\n",
- "print R,\"is resistance of wire,R(ohm) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "0.25 is resistance of wire,R(ohm) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 14
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.3:pg-120"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Example 5.3: resistance\n",
- " \n",
- "# given :\n",
- "\n",
- "p=1.7*10**-8; # resistivity i ohm-m\n",
- "d=0.0005; # diameter of the wire in m\n",
- "l=31.4; # length in m\n",
- "A=(math.pi*d**2)/4;\n",
- "R=p*(l/A);\n",
- "print round(R,2),\"is resistance of wire,R(ohm) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "2.72 is resistance of wire,R(ohm) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 16
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.4:pg-120"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Example 5.4: conductivity\n",
- " \n",
- "# given :\n",
- "\n",
- "V=.432; # voltage drop across the wire in volts\n",
- "I=10; # current through the wire in A\n",
- "l=1; # length in m\n",
- "d=1*10**-3; # diameter in m\n",
- "R=V/I;\n",
- "A=(math.pi*d**2)/4;\n",
- "p=(R*A)/l;\n",
- "b=1/p;\n",
- "print round(b,2),\" is conductivitty,b(ohm**-1.m**-1) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "29473137.61 is conductivitty,b(ohm**-1.m**-1) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 18
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.5:pg-124"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Example 5.5: drift velocity\n",
- " \n",
- "# given :\n",
- "\n",
- "n=10**19; # in m**3\n",
- "b=0.01; # conductivity in ohm**-1. m**-1\n",
- "V=0.17; # in volts\n",
- "d=.27*10**-3; # in m\n",
- "e=1.602*10**-19; # in C\n",
- "m=9.1*10**-31; # in kg\n",
- "E=V/d; # in volt/m\n",
- "v=((b*E)/(n*e));\n",
- "print round(v,2),\"is drift velocity of electron,v (m/sec) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "3.93 is drift velocity of electron,v (m/sec) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 20
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.6:pg-124"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Example 5.6: conductivity\n",
- " \n",
- "# given :\n",
- "e=1.6*10**-19; # in C\n",
- "T=300; # temerature in K\n",
- "t=2*10**-14; # time in sec\n",
- "c=63.54; # atomic weight of copper in a.m.u\n",
- "m=9.1*10**-31; # mass in kg\n",
- "# we know that 63.45 grams of copper contains 6.023*10**23 free electrons since one atom contributes one electron.the volume of 63.54 gram of copper is 8.9 cubic centimetre(c.c).\n",
- "n=6.023*10**23/(c/8.9); #number of electrons per unit volume(c.c)\n",
- "n1=n*10**6; # the number of electrons per m**3\n",
- "b=(e**2*n1*t)/m;\n",
- "print round(b,2),\"is conductivity,b(mho/m) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "47466174.12 is conductivity,b(mho/m) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 22
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.7:pg-125"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Example 5.7: mobility of electrons\n",
- " \n",
- "# given :\n",
- "\n",
- "e=1.602*10**-19; # in C\n",
- "m=9.1*10**-31; # in kg\n",
- "t=10**-14; # time in sec\n",
- "mu=(e*t)/m;\n",
- "print mu,\"is mobility of electrons,mu(m**2/volts.sec) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "0.00176043956044 is mobility of electrons,mu(m**2/volts.sec) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 25
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.8:pg-125"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Example 5.8: mobility \n",
- " \n",
- "# given :\n",
- "\n",
- "d=10.5; # density of silver in gm/c.c\n",
- "w=107.9; # atomic weight\n",
- "b=6.8*10**5; # conductivity in mhos/cm\n",
- "e=1.602*10**-19; # in C\n",
- "N=6.023*10**23;\n",
- "n=(N*d)/w;\n",
- "mu=b/(e*n);\n",
- "print round(mu,2),\"is mobility of electron,mu(m**2/volt-sec) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "72.42 is mobility of electron,mu(m**2/volt-sec) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 27
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.9:pg-126"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Example 5.9: mobility and drift velocity\n",
- " \n",
- "# given :\n",
- "b=6.5*10**7; # conductivity in ohm**-1.m**-1\n",
- "e=1.602*10**-19; # in C\n",
- "n=6*10**23; #\n",
- "E=1; # in V/m\n",
- "mu=b/(e*n);\n",
- "v=mu*E;\n",
- "print round(mu,2),\"is mobility ,mu(m**2/volt-sec) \"\n",
- "print round(v,2),\"is drift velocity,v(m/sec) \"\n",
- "# mobility and drift is calculated wrong in book\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "676.24 is mobility ,mu(m**2/volt-sec) \n",
- "676.24 is drift velocity,v(m/sec) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 29
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.10:pg-126"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 5.10 : density and drift velocity \n",
- " \n",
- "#given data :\n",
- "\n",
- "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
- "b=58*10**6;# in ohm**-1 m**-1\n",
- "mu_n=3.5*10**-3;# in m**2/V s\n",
- "E=0.5; # in V/m\n",
- "n=b/(e*mu_n);\n",
- "print n,\"is density,n(m**-3) \"\n",
- "v=mu_n*E;\n",
- "print v,\"is drift velocity,v(m/s) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "1.03442125914e+29 is density,n(m**-3) \n",
- "0.00175 is drift velocity,v(m/s) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 30
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.11:pg-127"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 5.11 : velocity\n",
- "import math\n",
- "#given data :\n",
- "m=9.109*10**-31; # in kg\n",
- "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
- "Ef=2.1# in ev\n",
- "Wf=e*Ef;# in J\n",
- "vf=math.sqrt((2*Wf)/m);\n",
- "print vf,\"is velocity,vf(m/s) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "859449.869617 is velocity,vf(m/s) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 34
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.12.a:pg-127"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 5.12.a : velocity\n",
- " \n",
- "#given data :\n",
- "m=9.1*10**-31; # in kg\n",
- "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
- "Ef=3.75;# in ev\n",
- "Wf=(e*Ef);# in J\n",
- "vf=math.sqrt(((2*Wf)/m));\n",
- "print vf,\" is velocity,vf(m/s) \"\n",
- "# answer is wrong in book\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "1149055.99095 is velocity,vf(m/s) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 35
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.12.b:pg-127"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Example 5.12.b : mobility of electron\n",
- " \n",
- "#given data :\n",
- "m=9.1*10**-31; # in kg\n",
- "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
- "Ef=3.75;# in ev\n",
- "t=10**-14;# in sec\n",
- "mu=(e*t)/m;\n",
- "print mu,\"is mobility,mu(m**2/V-sec) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "0.00176043956044 is mobility,mu(m**2/V-sec) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 37
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.13:pg-127"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 5.13 : the mean free path\n",
- "import math\n",
- "#given data :\n",
- "\n",
- "t=10**-9; # in sec\n",
- "m=9.109*10**-31; # in kg\n",
- "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
- "Ef=7# in ev\n",
- "Wf=e*Ef;# in J\n",
- "vf=math.sqrt((2*Wf)/m);\n",
- "lamda=vf*t*10**3;\n",
- "print round(lamda,2),\"is the mean free path,lamda(mm) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "1.57 is the mean free path,lamda(mm) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 39
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.14:pg-128"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 5.14 : mobility and average time\n",
- " \n",
- "#given data :\n",
- "\n",
- "m=9.109*10**-31; # in kg\n",
- "e=1.602 *10**-19;\n",
- "d=8.92*10**3;# in kg/m**3\n",
- "p=1.73*10**-8;# ohm-m\n",
- "A=63.5;#atomic weight\n",
- "N=6.023*10**22; # avogadro's number\n",
- "n=(N*d)/A;\n",
- "b=1/p;# conductivity\n",
- "mu=b/(n*e);\n",
- "print round(mu,1),\"= mobility,mu(m**2/V-s) \"\n",
- "t=(mu*m)/e;\n",
- "print round(t*10**9,3),\"= average time,t(ns) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "42.6 = mobility,mu(m**2/V-s) \n",
- "0.242 = average time,t(ns) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 42
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Ex5.15:pg-129"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 5.15 : electrical resistivity\n",
- "import math\n",
- "#given data :\n",
- "\n",
- "r=1.86*10**-10;# in m\n",
- "t=3*10**-14;# in sec\n",
- "a=2;\n",
- "m=9.1*10**-31; # in kg\n",
- "e=1.602 *10**-9;\n",
- "A=23*10**-3;#in kg/m\n",
- "N=6.023*10**23; # avogadro's number\n",
- "M=(a*A)/N;\n",
- "V=((4/math.sqrt(3))*r)**3;\n",
- "d=M/V;\n",
- "mu=((e*t)/m);\n",
- "n=(N*d)/A;\n",
- "b=1.602 *10**-19*n*mu;\n",
- "p=(1/b);\n",
- "print p,\"= resistivity,p(ohm-m) \"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "4.68383991207e-18 = resistivity,p(ohm-m) \n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 43
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file |