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diff --git a/Material_Science/material_science_ch_3.ipynb b/Material_Science/material_science_ch_3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d35a7360 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science/material_science_ch_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,361 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 3: Characterisation of material"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.1, page no-89"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# wavelength and frequency of X-rays\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34 # Planck's constant\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # charge of an electron\n",
+ "c=3.0*10**8 # speed of light\n",
+ "v=10000.0 # Applied potential difference\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "lam_min=(h*c)/(e*v)\n",
+ "V=c/lam_min\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('\\n(i)\\nThe wavelength of X-rays emitted Lamda_min = %.2f A\u00b0\\n(ii)\\nThe frequency of X-ray beam emitted is %.1f*10^18 Hz'%(lam_min*10**10,V*10**-18))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(i)\n",
+ "The wavelength of X-rays emitted Lamda_min = 1.24 A\u00b0\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "The frequency of X-ray beam emitted is 2.4*10^18 Hz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.2, page no-89"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# wavelength and velocity of electrons\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v=10000.0 # Applied potential difference\n",
+ "i=2*10**-3 # Current\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # charge of an electron\n",
+ "t=1.0 # time in second\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # mass of an electrons\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(i)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "n=i*t/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('The no of electrons striking the target per second =%.2f *10^16'%(n*10**-16))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(ii)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "v1=math.sqrt(2*e*v/m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(iii)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "lam=12400.0/v\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('\\n(ii)\\nThe velocity of electron =%.2f*10^7 m/s\\n(iii)\\nWavelength of x-rays=%.2f A\u00b0'%(v1*10**-7,lam))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The no of electrons striking the target per second =1.25 *10^16\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "The velocity of electron =5.93*10^7 m/s\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Wavelength of x-rays=1.24 A\u00b0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.3, page no-90"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# wavelength and angle for 2nd order bragg reflection\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable Declaration\n",
+ "d=5.6534*10**-10 # interplanar spacing\n",
+ "theta=13.6666 # glancing angle\n",
+ "n=1.0 # order of diffraction\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(i)\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "lam=2*d*math.sin(theta*math.pi/180)/n\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result \n",
+ "print('\\n(i)\\nWavelength of the X-rays, Lambda =%.3f*10^-10 m'%(lam*10**10))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(ii)\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "n=2.0\n",
+ "theta=math.asin(n*lam/(2*d))\n",
+ "theta=theta*180/math.pi\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('\\n(ii)\\n2nd order Bragg reflection at angle Theta2 = %f\u00b0'%theta)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Lambda =2.671*10^-10 m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "2nd order Bragg reflection at angle Theta2 = 28.199528\u00b0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.4, page no-91"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Grating spacing and glancing angle\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "v=24800.0 # Applied potential difference\n",
+ "n=1.0 # order of diffraction\n",
+ "lam=1.54*10**-10 # wavelength of the X-ray beam\n",
+ "ga=15.8 # glancing angle\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(i)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "d=n*lam/(2*math.sin(ga*math.pi/180))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('\\n(i)\\nGrating spacing for NaCl crystal =%.3f *10^-10 m'%(d*10**10))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(ii)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "lam_min=12400.0/v\n",
+ "lam_min=lam_min*10**-10\n",
+ "theta=math.asin(n*lam_min/(2*d))\n",
+ "theta=theta*180/math.pi\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('\\n(ii)\\nGlancing angle for minimum wavelength = %.3f degrees'%theta)\n",
+ "# Glancing angle in the book is in the degree second format"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Grating spacing for NaCl crystal =2.828 *10^-10 m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Glancing angle for minimum wavelength = 5.072 degrees\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.5, page no-92"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# wavelength of radiation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable Declaration\n",
+ "lam=0.7078 *10**-10 # wavelength of Ka line from molybdenum\n",
+ "wt=42.0 # Atomic number of molybdenum\n",
+ "wt1=48.0 # Atomic number of cadmium\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "lam1=(lam*(wt-1)**2)/(wt1-1)**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('\\nWavelength of cadmium radiation is %.4f A\u00b0'%(lam1*10**10))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Wavelength of cadmium radiation is 0.5386 A\u00b0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.6, page no-92"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Energy of thermal neutron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "lam=10.0**-10 # Wavelength of neutron\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34 # Planck's constant\n",
+ "m=1.675*10**-27 # mass of an electron\n",
+ "e1=1.602*10**-19 # charge of an electron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "e=(h**2)/(2*m*lam**2)\n",
+ "e=e/e1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('\\nThe energy of thermal neutron with wavelength 1 A\u00b0 is %.2f eV'%e)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "The energy of thermal neutron with wavelength 1A\u00b0 is 0.08 eV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.8, page no-94"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# effect of temperature on wavelength\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "lam=0.1 # Wavelength of neutron in nm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "T=(2.516**2)/(lam)**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Temperature of thermal neutron corresponding to 1 A\u00b0 is %.0f K'%T)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Temperature of thermal neutron corresponding to 1 A\u00b0 is 633 K\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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