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diff --git a/Material_Science/material_science_ch_19.ipynb b/Material_Science/material_science_ch_19.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..dda00143 --- /dev/null +++ b/Material_Science/material_science_ch_19.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,526 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Capter 19: Magnetic Materials"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.1, page no-541"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Relative permiability and magnetic force\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "M=2300.0 # Magnetization\n",
+ "B=0.00314 # Flux density\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "mu=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+ "H=(B/mu)-M\n",
+ "mur=(M/H)+1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('The magnetic force H is %.4f A/m and the relative permeability mu_r is %.5f'%(H,mur))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The magnetic force H is 198.7326 A/m and the relative permeability mu_r is 12.57334\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.2, page no-542"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# magnetisation and flux density\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "H=10**4 # Magnetic field intensity\n",
+ "sus=3.7*10**-3 # Susceptibility\n",
+ "mu=4*math.pi*10**-7 # permeability of free space\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "M=sus*H\n",
+ "B=mu*(M+H)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('The magnetisation in the material is %.0f A/m and flux density in the material is %.2f * 10^-2 Wb.m^-2'%(M,B*10**2))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The magnetisation in the material is 37 A/m and flux density in the material is 1.26 * 10^-2 Wb.m^-2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.3, page no-542"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Flux density in a material\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "H=10**4 # Magnetic field intensity \n",
+ "sus=-0.8*10**-5 # susceptibility of copper\n",
+ "mu=4*math.pi*10**-7 # permeability of free space\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "M=sus*H\n",
+ "B=mu*(M+H)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('The flux density in the material is %.2f * 10^-2 Wb.m^-2'%(B*10**2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Magnetic field intensity: value given in the book is 10^6 but calculations are done with 10^4"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The flux density in the material is 1.26 * 10^-2 Wb.m^-2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.4, page no-543"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Permeability \n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "# Variable declarations\n",
+ "H=1800.0 # Magnetic field intensity\n",
+ "fi=3*10**-5 # Magnetic flux\n",
+ "A=0.2*10**-4 # Area of cross-section \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "B=fi/A\n",
+ "mu=B/H\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('\\nThe magnetic flux is %.1f Wb/m^2\\nThe permeability is %.3f*10^-4 H/m'%(B,mu*10**4))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "The magnetic flux is 1.5 Wb/m^2\n",
+ "The permeability is 8.333*10^-4 H/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.5, page no-544"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Magnetic moment of Nickel\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "B=0.65 # Magnetic inductionof Nickel\n",
+ "r=8906 # Density of Nickel\n",
+ "M=58.7 # Atomic weight\n",
+ "avg=6.023*10**26 # Avogadro's Number\n",
+ "mu=4*math.pi*10**-7 # Permeability of free space\n",
+ "k=9.27*10**-24 # 1 Bohr Magnetron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "N=r*avg/M \n",
+ "mu_m=B/(N*mu)\n",
+ "mu_m=mu_m/k\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The magnetic moment of nickel atom is %.2f Bohr magneton\"%mu_m)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The magnetic moment of nickel atom is 0.61 Bohr magneton\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.6, page no-545"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Average magnetization contributed per atom\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "a=2.5*10**-10 # interatomic spacing\n",
+ "M=1.8*10**6 # MAgnetization\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # charge of an electron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "n=2/a**3\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31\n",
+ "h=6.625*10**-34\n",
+ "ma=M/n\n",
+ "beta1=e*h/(4*math.pi*m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The average magnetisation contributed per atom = %.3f Bohr Magneton\"%(ma/beta1))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The average magnetisation contributed per atom = 1.517 Bohr Magneton\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.7, page no-545"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Tempoerature using classical statistics\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declarations\n",
+ "mu=9.4*10**-24 # Permeability \n",
+ "H=2 # MAgnetic field intensity\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23 # Bolzmann's constant\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "T=2*mu*H/(k*math.log(2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The temperature of the system T is %.1f K\"%T)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The temperature of the system T is 3.9 K\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.8, page no-547"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Saturation magnetic field of Gd atom\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "ba=7.1 # Bohr magnetron per atom\n",
+ "aw=1.8*10**6 # Atomic weight of Gd \n",
+ "d=7.8*10**3 # Density of Gd\n",
+ "avg=6.023*10**26 # Avogadro's Number\n",
+ "M=157.26 # Atomic number of Gd\n",
+ "k=9.27*10**-24 # 1 Bohr magnetron\n",
+ "mu=4*math.pi*10**-7 # permeability of free space\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "N=d*avg/M\n",
+ "mm=N*ba*k\n",
+ "B=N*mu*k*7.1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\nThe saturation magnetic field of Gd atom is %.2f Wb/m^2\"%B)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "The saturation magnetic field of Gd atom is 2.47 Wb/m^2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 48
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.9, page no-547"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#saturation magnetisation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "# variable ddeclaration\n",
+ "bet=9.27*10**-24 # 1 Bohr magnetron\n",
+ "V=0.839*10**-9 # unit cell edge length\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "M=32*bet/V**3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The saturation magnetisation is %.3f *10^5 A/m\"%(M*10**-5))\n",
+ "# Answer in the book is given as 5.023 x 10^-5"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The saturation magnetisation is 5.023 *10^5 A/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 55
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.10, page no-548"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Saturation flux density\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "d=8900 # Density of Ni\n",
+ "wt=58.71 # Atomic weight\n",
+ "avg=6.022*10**26 # Avogadro's Number\n",
+ "bet=9.27*10**-24 # 1 Bohr magnetron\n",
+ "mu=4*math.pi*10**-7 # permeability of free space\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "mm=0.6*bet\n",
+ "N=d*avg/wt\n",
+ "ms=mm*N\n",
+ "bs=mu*ms\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\nThe saturation magnetisation is %.3f *10^5 A/m\\nThe saturation flux density is %.3f Wb/m^2\"%(ms*10**-5,bs))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "The saturation magnetisation is 5.077 *10^5 A/m\n",
+ "The saturation flux density is 0.638 Wb/m^2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 57
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.11, page no-548"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Saturation magnetisation of gadolinium\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "awt=157.25 # Atomic weight\n",
+ "an=64 # Atomic number\n",
+ "d=7860 # density\n",
+ "k=9.27*10**-24 # 1 Bohr magnetron\n",
+ "avg=6.023*10**26 # avogadro's Number\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "N=d*8*k*avg/awt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "print(\"The saturation magnetisation of gadolinium is %.2f*10^6 A/m\"%(N*10**-6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The saturation magnetisation of gadolinium is 2.23*10^6 A/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 58
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.12, page no-549"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Magnetic flux density inside the material\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "H=1000 # Magnetic field strength\n",
+ "sus=-0.3*10**-5 # magnetic susceptibility\n",
+ "mu=4*math.pi*10**-7 # permeability of free space\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "M=sus*H\n",
+ "B=mu*(M+H)\n",
+ "B=math.floor(B*10**6)/10**6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The magnetic flux density inside the material is %.3f T or Wb.m^-2\"%(B*10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The magnetic flux density inside the material is 1.256 T or Wb.m^-2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 67
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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