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+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "ch_5"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 2,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h1>Chapter 5: Operational Amplifiers- Non-linear Circuits<h1>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No.5.1, Page No: 234<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "''' transfer characteristics of comparator'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Vz1=5.5 #Volatage in volt",
+ "Vz2=5.5 #Voltage in volt",
+ "Aol=100000.0 #Open loop gain",
+ "Vd=0.7 #Voltage in volt",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Vo=Vz1+Vd # Plus or minus",
+ "Vich=Vo/Aol #Calculating change in voltage",
+ "Vich=Vich*1000.0 #Calculating change in voltage",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Delta Vi=%.3f mV'%Vich)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Delta Vi=0.062 mV"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 5.2, Page No: 239<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''inverting schmitt trigger'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "R1=56.0*10**3 #Resistance value in ohm",
+ "R2=150.0 #Resistance value in ohm",
+ "Vi=1.0 #Voltage in volt",
+ "f=50.0 #Frequency in hertz",
+ "Vsat=13.5 #Voltage in volt",
+ "Vref=0.0 #Voltage in volt",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Vut=Vsat*R2/(R1+R2) #Calculating Vut voltage",
+ "Vut=Vut*1000.0 #Calculating Vut voltage",
+ "VL=-Vut #Calculating Vlt voltage",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Vut= %d mV'%Vut)",
+ "print('\\nVL= %d mV'%VL)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vut= 36 mV",
+ "",
+ "VL= -36 mV"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No: 5.3, Page No: 249<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''clipper circuit'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Vclipl=0.35 #Voltage in volt",
+ "Vp=0.5 #Voltage in volt",
+ "gain=10.0 #Gain",
+ "R=1000.0 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Vounclip=Vp*gain #Calculating unclipped output voltage",
+ "Voclip=Vclipl*gain #Calculating clipped output voltage ",
+ "Vb=Voclip-0.7 #Calculating breakdown voltage",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('When unclipped, output voltage= %.1f V'%Vounclip)",
+ "print('\\nWhen clipped, output voltage= %.1f V'% Voclip)",
+ "print('\\nZener diode breakdown voltage= %.1f V'%Vb)",
+ "print('\\nA 2.8V Zener diode should be connected')"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "When unclipped, output voltage= 5.0 V",
+ "",
+ "When clipped, output voltage= 3.5 V",
+ "",
+ "Zener diode breakdown voltage= 2.8 V",
+ "",
+ "A 2.8V Zener diode should be connected"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No: 5.4, Page NO: 251<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''negative clamping circuit'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Vref=1.5 #Voltage in volt",
+ "",
+ "#Part A",
+ "#Variable declaration:",
+ "Vpp=5.0 #Voltage in volt",
+ "Vnp=2.5 #Voltage in volt",
+ "",
+ "#Calculation:",
+ "Vc=Vnp + Vref #Calculating capacitor voltage ",
+ "",
+ "#Result:",
+ "print('\\nCapacitor voltage Vc= %.1f V'%Vc) ",
+ "",
+ "#Part B",
+ "#Calculation:",
+ "Vopeak=Vnp + Vref +Vpp #Calculating peak clamped output voltage",
+ "",
+ "#Result:",
+ "print('\\nPeak value of clamped output voltage Vo(peak)= %.1f V'%Vopeak)",
+ "",
+ "#Part C",
+ "#Calculation:",
+ "Voc=0.7 + Vref #Calating output voltage during charging",
+ "",
+ "#Result:",
+ "print('\\nOp-amp output voltage during charging Vo= %.1f V'% Voc) ",
+ "",
+ "#Part D",
+ "#Calculation:",
+ "Vd=Vref-Vopeak #Calculating maximum differenctial input voltage",
+ "",
+ "#Result:",
+ "print('\\nMaximum differential input voltage Vd= %.1f V'%Vd) "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "",
+ "Capacitor voltage Vc= 4.0 V",
+ "",
+ "Peak value of clamped output voltage Vo(peak)= 9.0 V",
+ "",
+ "Op-amp output voltage during charging Vo= 2.2 V",
+ "",
+ "Maximum differential input voltage Vd= -7.5 V"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+ ]
+} \ No newline at end of file