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+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "ch_3"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 2,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h1>Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Characteristics<h1>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.1, Page No: 107<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''input stage with bias circuit'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Vp=15.0 #Volatge in volt",
+ "Vm=-15.0 #Voltage in volt",
+ "R5=40.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "Vbe11=0.7 #Voltage in volt",
+ "Vbe12=Vbe11 #Voltage in volt",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Iref= (Vp-Vbe12-Vbe11-Vm)/R5 #Calculating reference current",
+ "",
+ "Iref=Iref*10**3 #Calculating reference current",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print(\"Iref= %.3f mA\"%Iref)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Iref= 0.715 mA"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.2, Page No: 107<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''gain stage of op-amp'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Iref= 0.715*10**-3 #reference current in ampere",
+ "Ic13b= 0.75*Iref #Current in ampere",
+ "Ic17=Ic13b #Current in ampere",
+ "Ie17=Ic13b #Current in ampere",
+ "Beta=150.0 #Gain",
+ "Vbe17=0.7 #Vbe volatge in volt",
+ "R9=50.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "R8=100.0 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Ic16= (Ic17/Beta) + (Ie17*R8 + Vbe17)/R9 #Calculating current",
+ "Ic16=Ic16*1000000.0/1.232 #Calculating current",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print(\"\\nIc16= %.1f uA\"%Ic16)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "",
+ "Ic16= 15.1 uA"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.3, Page No:108<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''output stage of op-amp'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "import math",
+ "Iref=0.000715 #Reference current in ampere",
+ "Vbe19=0.7 #Vbe voltage in volt",
+ "Is18=10**-14 #Current in ampere",
+ "Is19=10**-14 #Current in ampere",
+ "R10=50000.0 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "Is14=2.0*10**-14 #Current in ampere",
+ "Is20=2.0*10**-14 #Current in ampere",
+ "Vbe=0.7 #Voltge Vbe in volt",
+ "Vbe19=0.612 #Voltage Vbe in volt",
+ "Beta=200.0 #Gain",
+ "Vbe18=0.549 #Volatge vbe in volt",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Ic13a=0.25*Iref #Calculating Current ",
+ "",
+ "Ir10=Vbe19/R10 #Calculating current",
+ "Ic19=Ic13a-Ir10 #Calculating current",
+ "",
+ "Ib19=Ic19/Beta #Calculating current",
+ "Ic18=Ir10+Ib19 #Calculating current",
+ " ",
+ "Vbb=Vbe18+Vbe19 #calculating voltage",
+ "",
+ "Ic14=Is20*math.exp(Vbb/2*0.026) #Calculating current",
+ "Ic14=Ic14*10**15/0.2042 #Calculating current",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Vbb= %.3f V'%Vbb)",
+ "print('\\nIc14= %.2f uA'%Ic14)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vbb= 1.161 V",
+ "",
+ "Ic14= 99.43 uA"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example no. 3.4, Page No: 115<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''average bias current'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Ib1=400.0*10**-9 #Current in ampere",
+ "Ib2=300.0*10**-9 #Current in ampere",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Ib=(Ib1+Ib2)/2.0 #Calculating current",
+ "Ios=Ib1-Ib2 #Calculating current",
+ "Ib=Ib*10**9 #Calculating current",
+ "Ios=Ios*10**9 #Calculating current",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Ib= %.1f nA'%Ib)",
+ "print('\\nIos= %.1f nA'%Ios)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ib= 350.0 nA",
+ "",
+ "Ios= 100.0 nA"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.5, Page No: 115<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''maximum output offset voltage'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Ios=400.0*10**-9 #Current in ampere",
+ "Rf=100.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm ",
+ "R1=1.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Vo=Rf*Ios #Calculating output voltage",
+ "Vo=Vo*1000.0 #Calculating output voltage ",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Vo= %.1f mV'%Vo)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vo= 40.0 mV"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.6, Page No: 117<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''bias current compensation'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Rf=10.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "R1=2.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "Vos=5.0*10**-3 #Voltage in volt",
+ "Ios=50.0*10**-9 #Input offset current in ampere",
+ "Ib=200.0*10**-9 #Input bias current in ampere",
+ "Ta=25.0 #Temperature in degree celsius",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "# without compensating resistor",
+ "Vot=(1+Rf/R1)*Vos + Rf*Ib #Calculating output offset voltage",
+ "Vot=Vot*1000 #Calculating output offset voltage",
+ "print('Vot= %.1f mV'%Vot)",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "# with compensating resistor",
+ "Vot=(1+Rf/R1)*Vos + Rf*Ios #Calculating output offset voltage",
+ "Vot=Vot*1000 #Calculating output offset voltage",
+ "print('\\nVot= %.1f mV'%Vot)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vot= 32.0 mV",
+ "",
+ "Vot= 30.5 mV"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.7, Page No:119<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''op-amp drift specification'''",
+ "",
+ "#Part A",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Vos=1.5*10**-3 #Voltage in volt",
+ "Rf=1.0*10**6 #feedback resistance in ohm",
+ "R1=100.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Vo=Vos*(1+Rf/R1) #Calculating output voltage",
+ "Vo=Vo*1000.0 #Calculating output voltage",
+ "",
+ "#Result:",
+ "print('Vo= %.1f mV'%Vo)",
+ "",
+ "#Part B",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Iosch= 10.0*10**-9 #Ios current in ampere",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Vosch=Iosch*Rf #Calculating output voltage",
+ "Vosch=Vosch*1000.0 #Calculating output voltage",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('\\nChange in Vo= %.1f mV'%Vosch)",
+ "print('\\n Worst case drift is 26.5 mV or -26.5 mV')"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vo= 16.5 mV",
+ "",
+ "Change in Vo= 10.0 mV",
+ "",
+ " Worst case drift is 26.5 mV or -26.5 mV"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No.3.8, Page No: 125<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''frequency response'''",
+ "f=1000.0 # frequency in hertz",
+ "#from graph",
+ "gain_db=60.0 # Gain in db",
+ "gain=1000.0 #Gain",
+ "",
+ "#Result:",
+ "print('Gain= %d'%gain)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Gain= 1000"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.9, Page No: 126<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''unity gain bandwidth'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "riset=0.7*10**-6 #rise time in microsecond",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "bw=0.35/riset #Finding unity gain bandwidth",
+ "bw=bw/1000.0 #Finding unity gain bandwidth",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Bandwidth= %d kHz'%bw)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Bandwidth= 500 kHz"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Page No. 3.10, Page No: 126<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''open loop dc voltage gain'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variavle Declaration:",
+ "ugb=1.5*10**6 #Unity gain bandwidth in hertz",
+ "f1=2.0*10**3 #Signal frequency in hertz",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "A0=ugb/f1 #Calculating open loop DC voltage gain",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Openloop Dc Voltage gain= %d '%A0)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Openloop Dc Voltage gain= 750 "
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.11, Page No: 134<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''time taken to change output'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Voch=10.0 #Change of voltage in volt",
+ "slew=0.5 #Slew rate in volt per microsecond",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "time=Voch/slew #Calculating time taken for output to change by 10V ",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Time= %d us'%time)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Time= 20 us"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.12, Page No: 135<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''undistorted sine wave'''",
+ "",
+ "import math",
+ "#Part A",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "slew=0.5 #Slew rate in volt per microsecond",
+ "Vm=12.0 #Voltage in volt",
+ "",
+ "#calculations:",
+ "fmax=slew/(2.0*math.pi*Vm) #calculating frequency of maximum undistorted wave",
+ "fmax=fmax*1000.0 #Calculating frequency of maximum undistorted wave",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Fmax= %.1f kHz'%fmax)",
+ "",
+ "# Part B",
+ "#Variable Declarations:",
+ "Vm1=2.0 #Voltage in volt",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "fmax1=slew/(2.0*math.pi*Vm1) #calculating frequency of maximum undistorted wave",
+ "fmax1=fmax1*1000.0 #calculating frequency of maximum undistorted wave",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('\\nFmax1= %.1f kHz'%fmax1)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Fmax= 6.6 kHz",
+ "",
+ "Fmax1= 39.8 kHz"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.13, Page No: 135<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''max input signal for undistorted output'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "import math",
+ "slew=0.5 #Slew rate in volt per microsecond",
+ "f=10.0*10**3 #frequency in hertz",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Vmmax=slew/(2*math.pi*f) #Calculating maximum peak to peak voltage",
+ "Vmmax=Vmmax*10**6 #Calculating maximum peak to peak voltage",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Vm(max)= %.2f V'%Vmmax)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vm(max)= 7.96 V"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.14, Page No: 135<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''amplify square wave with rise time'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "slew=0.5 #Slew rate in volt per microsecond",
+ "riset=4.0 #Rise time in microsecond",
+ "",
+ "print('\\nVo is greater than 1V')",
+ "Vswing=(0.9-0.1)*5.0 #Voltage swing in volt",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "slewreq=Vswing/riset #Calculating required slew rate",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('\\nSlew Rate Required= %d V/us'%slewreq)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "",
+ "Vo is greater than 1V",
+ "",
+ "Slew Rate Required= 1 V/us"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 25
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.15, Page No: 135<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''effect of output voltage change on slew rate'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Vch=20.0 #Change in voltage in volt",
+ "time=4.0 #Time in microseconds",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "slew=Vch/time #Calculating slew rate ",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('\\nSlew Rate = %d V/us'%slew)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "",
+ "Slew Rate = 5 V/us"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 26
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.16, Page No: 136<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''max input frequency for undistorted output'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "import math",
+ "A=50.0 #Gain",
+ "slew=0.5 #Slew rate in volt per microsecond",
+ "Vid=20.0*10**-3 #Voltage difference in volt",
+ " ",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Vm=A*Vid #Calculating maximum voltage ",
+ "",
+ "fmax=(slew*10**6)/(2*math.pi*Vm) #calculating frequency of maximum undistorted wave ",
+ "fmax=fmax/1000.0 #calculating frequency of maximum undistorted wave",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Fmax= %.1f kHz'%fmax)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Fmax= 79.6 kHz"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.17, Page No: 136<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''max input voltage for undistorted output'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "import math",
+ "slew=0.5 #Slew rate in volt per microsecond",
+ "f=4.0*10**4 #frequency in hertz",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Vm=(slew*10**6)/(2*math.pi*f) #Calculating Vm",
+ "Vmpp=2.0*Vm/10.0 #Calculating maximum peak to peak input signal that can be applied",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Vpeak= %.2f V'%Vm)",
+ "print('\\nVoltage peak-to-peak= %.3f V'%Vmpp)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vpeak= 1.99 V",
+ "",
+ "Voltage peak-to-peak= 0.398 V"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.18, Page No: 138<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''noise gain of circuit'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Rf=10.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "R1=100.0 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "Vni=1*10**-6 #input rms noise voltage in volt",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations: ",
+ "Kn=1+Rf/R1 #Calculating noise gain",
+ "Vno=Vni*(1+Rf/R1) #Calculating output voltage",
+ "Vno=Vno*10**6 #Calculating output voltage",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Output noise voltage= %d uV (rms)'%Vno)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Output noise voltage= 101 uV (rms)"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 29
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No: 3.19, Page No: 142<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''closed loop voltage gain'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Deeclaration:",
+ "Rf=10.0*10**3 #Feedback resistance in ohm",
+ "R1=1.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Av=-Rf/R1 #Calculating gain",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Closed loop voltage gain= %d'%Av)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Closed loop voltage gain= -10"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 30
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.20, Page No: 147<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''closed loop voltage gain and beta'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "Rf=10.0*10**3 #Feedback resistance in ohm",
+ "R1=1.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Av=1+ Rf/R1 #Calculating gain",
+ "",
+ "Beta=R1/(Rf+R1) #Calculating feedback factor",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Closed loop voltage gain= %d'%Av)",
+ "print('\\nFeedback factor= %.3f'%Beta)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Closed loop voltage gain= 11",
+ "",
+ "Feedback factor= 0.091"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.21, Page No:147<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''non-inverting amplifier circuit'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "R1=10.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "R2=1.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "R3=1.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "Rf=50.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "I=1/(R2+R3) #Calculating current ",
+ "Vi1=I*R2 #Calculating input voltage",
+ "Vo=Vi1*(1+ Rf/R1) #Calculating output voltage ",
+ "",
+ "#Result:",
+ "print('Vout= %d V'%Vo)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vout= 3 V"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 32
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No: 3.22, Page No: 147<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''non-inverting amplifier with IL'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declration:",
+ "Vi=0.6 #volatge in volt ",
+ "Vi1=0.6 #volatge in volt",
+ "Vi2=0.6 #volatge in volt",
+ "R1=10.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "Rf=20.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "RL=2.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "I1=Vi/R1 #Calculating current",
+ "I1=I1*1000.0 #Calculating current",
+ "Av=1+Rf/R1 #Calculating gain",
+ "Vo=Av*Vi #Calculating output voltage",
+ "IL=Vo/RL #Calculating load current",
+ "IL=IL*1000 #Calculating load current",
+ "",
+ "#By Kirchhoff's current law",
+ "Io=I1+IL #Calculating output current",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('\\nIo=%.2f mA'%Io)",
+ "print('Av=%d'%Av)",
+ "print('\\nVo=%.1f V'%Vo)",
+ "print('\\nI1=%.1f mA'%IL)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Av=3",
+ "",
+ "Vo=1.8 V",
+ "",
+ "I1=0.9 mA",
+ "",
+ "Io=0.96 mA"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.23,Page No:151 <h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''capacitor coupled voltage follower'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "import math",
+ "fL=50.0 #Frequency in hertz",
+ "RL=3.3*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "Ibmax=500.0*10**-9 #Current in ampere",
+ "R1max=140.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "C1=1/(2*math.pi*fL*R1max/10) #Calculating value of capacitor",
+ "C1=C1*10**6 #Calculating value of capacitor",
+ "",
+ "C2=1/(2*math.pi*fL*RL) #Calculating value of capacitor",
+ "C2=C2*10**6 #Calculating value of capacitor",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('C1=%.3f uF'%C1)",
+ "print('\\nC2=%.2f uF'%C2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "C1=0.227 uF",
+ "",
+ "C2=0.96 uF"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 34
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.24, Page NO: 153<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "''' high impedence capacitor coupled voltage follower'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "import math",
+ "",
+ "Vbe=0.6 #Voltage Vbe in volt",
+ "Ibmax=500.0*10**-9 #Current in ampere",
+ "fL=50.0 #frequency in hertz",
+ "RL=3.3*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "Mmin=50000.0",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "R1max=0.1*Vbe/Ibmax #Calculating maximum value of the resistance R1",
+ "R1=R1max/2.0 #Calculating value of R1",
+ "R2=R1 #Value of R2 is equal to R1",
+ "",
+ "C3=1/(2*math.pi*fL*RL) #Calculaing value of capacitance",
+ "C3=C3*10**6 #Calculaing value of capacitance",
+ "",
+ "C2=1/(2*math.pi*fL*R2/10) #Calculaing value of capacitance",
+ "C2=C2*10**6 #Calculaing value of capacitance",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "Zinmin=(1+Mmin)*56.0*10**3 #Calculating minimum input impedance",
+ "Zinmin=Zinmin/10**6 #Calculating minimum input impedance",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('\\nC3=%.2f uF'%C3)",
+ "print('\\nC2=%.2f uF'%C2)",
+ "# answer in textbook is wrong",
+ "print('\\nZin(min)= %d Mohm'%Zinmin)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "",
+ "C3=0.96 uF",
+ "",
+ "C2=0.53 uF",
+ "",
+ "Zin(min)= 2800 Mohm"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.25, Page No: 156<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''high impedence capacitor coupled non-inverting amplifier'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "import math",
+ "Vo=3.0 #output voltage in volt",
+ "Vi=10.0*10**-3 #Input voltage in volt",
+ "R2=1.0*10**6 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "Av=300.0 #Gain",
+ "fL=100.0 #Frequency in hertz",
+ "RL=15.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "R3=R2/(Av-1) #Calculating value of resistance ",
+ "",
+ "R1=R2-R3 #Calculating value of resistance",
+ "C2=1/(2*math.pi*fL*R3) #Calculatinf value of capacitance",
+ "C2=C2*10**6 #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ " ",
+ "C3=1/(2*math.pi*fL*RL/10) #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "C3=C3*10**6 #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('\\nC2= %.2f uF'%C2)",
+ "print('\\nC3= %.2f uF'%C3)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "",
+ "C2= 0.48 uF",
+ "",
+ "C3= 1.06 uF"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 36
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.26, Page NO: 159<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''capacitor coupled inverting amplifier'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "import math",
+ "fL=20.0 #frequency in hertz",
+ "fH=2000.0 #frequency in hertz",
+ "RL=300.0 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "R1=1.5*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "R2=56*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "C1=1/(2*math.pi*fL*R1/10) #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "",
+ "C1=C1*10**6 #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "",
+ "C2=1/(2*math.pi*fL*RL) #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "C2=C2*10**6 #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "",
+ "Cf=1/(2*math.pi*fH*R2) #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "Cf=Cf*10**12 #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('\\nC1= %d uF'%C1)",
+ "print('\\nC2= %.1f uF'%C2)",
+ "print('\\nCf= %d pF'%Cf)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "",
+ "C1= 53 uF",
+ "",
+ "C2= 26.5 uF",
+ "",
+ "Cf= 1421 pF"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 37
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.27, Page No: 162<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''capacitor coupled non-inverting amplifier'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "import math",
+ "Ibmax=500.0*10**-9 #Current in ampere",
+ "Vcc=24.0 #Volatge Vcc in volt",
+ "I2=50.0*10**-6 #Current in ampere",
+ "Vo=6.0 #Output voltage in volt",
+ "Av=100.0 #Gain",
+ "fL=100.0 #Frequency in hertz",
+ "RL=5.6*10**3 #Resistance in hertz",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "I2=100.0*Ibmax #Calculating current",
+ "R1=Vcc/(2.0*I2) #Calculating resistance",
+ "R2=R1 #value of R2 is equal to R1",
+ "Vi=Vo/Av #Calculating input voltage",
+ "",
+ "I4=100.0*Ibmax #Calculating current",
+ "R4=Vi/I4 #Calculating value of resistance",
+ "",
+ "R3=118.8*10**3 #Calculating value of resistance",
+ "R1pR2=(R1+R2)/4.0 #Calculating parellel combination of R1 and R2",
+ "",
+ "C1=1/(2*math.pi*fL*R1pR2/10.0) #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "C1=C1*10**6 #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ " ",
+ "C2=1/(2*math.pi*fL*RL/10.0) #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "C2=C2*10**6 #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "",
+ "C3=1/(2*math.pi*fL*R4) #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "C3=C3*10**6 #Calculating value of capacitance",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('\\nC1= %.3f uF'%C1)",
+ "print('\\nC2= %.3f uF'%C2)",
+ "print('\\nC3= %.3f uF'%C3)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "",
+ "C2= 2.842 uF",
+ "",
+ "C1= 0.133 uF",
+ "",
+ "C3= 1.326 uF"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No. 3.28, Page No:166<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''common mode gain Acm'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "cmrr=10**5 #Common mode rejection ratio",
+ "Adm=10**5 #Differential gain",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "Acm=Adm/cmrr #Calculating common mode gain",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('Common mode gain Acm= %d'%Acm)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Common mode gain Acm= 1"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 39
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example No: 3.29, Page NO: 168<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "'''differential amplifier with two op-amp'''",
+ "",
+ "#Variable Declaration:",
+ "R1=560.0 #Resistance value in ohm",
+ "R3=560.0 #Resistance value in ohm",
+ "Rf=5.6*10**3 #Resistance value in ohm",
+ "",
+ "R2=Rf #Value of R2 is equal to Rf",
+ "Vo1=-2.0 #Volatage in volt ",
+ "Ri=2.0*10**6 #Resistance value in ohm",
+ "Vo2=-1.0 #Voltage in volt",
+ "",
+ "#Calculations:",
+ "# Part 1",
+ "Ad=1+Rf/R1 #Calculating differential gain",
+ "",
+ "# Part 2",
+ "A=200000.0 #Gain",
+ "Ri1=Ri*(1+ (A*R2)/(R2+R3)) #Calculating resistance value",
+ "Ri1=Ri1/10**9 #Calculating resistance value",
+ "",
+ "Ri2=Ri*(1+ (A*R1)/(R1+Rf)) #Calculating resistance value ",
+ "Ri2=Ri2/10**9 #Calculating resistance value",
+ " ",
+ "# Part 3",
+ "Vid=Vo2-Vo1 #Calculating differential voltage",
+ "Vo=(1+Rf/R1)*Vid #Calculating output voltage",
+ "Vo=Vo",
+ "",
+ "#Results:",
+ "print('\\nAd= %d'%Ad)",
+ "print('\\nRi1=%.1f Gohm'%Ri1)",
+ "print('\\nRi2=%.2f Gohm'%Ri2)",
+ "print('\\nVo=%d V'%Vo)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "",
+ "Ad= 11",
+ "",
+ "Ri1=363.6 Gohm",
+ "",
+ "Ri2=36.37 Gohm",
+ "",
+ "Vo=11 V"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": true,
+ "input": [],
+ "language": "python",
+ "outputs": []
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+ ]
+} \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-20 11:12:35 +0000