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Diffstat (limited to 'Linear_Integrated_Circuits/Chapter_11.ipynb')
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diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits/Chapter_11.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits/Chapter_11.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..87c114d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits/Chapter_11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,552 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "ch_11" + }, + "nbformat": 2, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h1>Chapter 11: D/A and A/D Converters<h1>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example No. 11.1, Page No:460<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Resolution'''", + "", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "import math", + "n=12.0 #Number of bits in word", + "lv=2.0**n #Number of levels", + "Vo=4.0 #Output voltage in volt", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "st=10.0**6*Vo/lv #Calculating step size", + "dr=Vo/(st*10**-6) #Calculating dynamic range", + "drdb=20*math.log10(dr) #Calculating dynamic range", + "", + "#Results:", + "print('\\nStep Size= %d uV'%st)", + "print('\\nDynamic Range= %d'%dr)", + "print('\\nDynamic Range= %d dB'%drdb)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "", + "Step Size= 976 uV", + "", + "Dynamic Range= 4096", + "", + "Dynamic Range= 72 dB" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example No. 11.2, Page NO: 460<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''D/A converter resolution'''", + "", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "n=8.0 #Number of bits in word", + "lv=2.0**n - 1 #Number of levels ", + "Vo=2.55 #Output voltage in volt", + "", + "#Calculation:", + "st=10.0**3*Vo/lv #Calculating step size ", + "", + "#Result:", + "print('\\nStep Size= %d mV'%st)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "", + "Step Size= 10 mV" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example No. 11.3, Page No:460<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Ladder type D/A converter'''", + "", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "n=4.0 #Number of bits in word", + "R=10000.0 #Resistance in ohm", + "Vr=10.0 #Vpltage in volt", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "#Part A", + "reso=Vr*10**6/(R*2**n) #Calculating resolution for converter", + "", + "#Part B", + "k=int('1101',2) #decimal equivalent of binary '1101'", + "Io=reso*k/1000.0 #Calculating output current for given input", + "", + "#Results:", + "print('\\nResolution of 1 LSB= %.1f uA'%reso)", + "print('\\nOutput Io for digital input 1101= %.4f mA'%Io)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "", + "Resolution of 1 LSB= 62.5 uA", + "", + "Output Io for digital input 1101= 0.8125 mA" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example No. 11.4, Page No: 461<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''8-bit D/A converter'''", + "", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "reso=10.0 #Resolution of D/A converter", + "#Calculations:", + "#Part A", + "k1=int('10001010',2) #Finding decimal equivalent", + "Vo=k1*reso #Calculating output voltage", + "Von=Vo/1000 #Calculating output voltage", + "", + "#Part B", + "k2=int('000100000',2) #Finding decimal equivalent", + "Vo1=k2*reso #Calculating output voltage", + "Von1=Vo1/1000 #Calculating output voltage", + "", + "#Results:", + "print('\\nVo= %.2f V'%Von)", + "print('\\nVo= %.2f V'%Von1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "", + "Vo= 1.38 V", + "", + "Vo= 0.32 V" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example No. 11.5, Page NO: 463<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''4-bit converter'''", + "", + "#Part A", + "print('\\nPart A')", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "R=10000.0 #Resistance in ohm", + "Vr=10.0 #Voltage in volt", + "n=4.0 #Number of bits in word", + "lsb=0.5 #output voltage for 1 LSB", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "Rf=(R*2**n)*lsb/Vr #Calculating value of resistance ", + "Rfn=Rf/1000.0 #Calculating value of resistance", + "", + "#Result:", + "print('\\nRf= %d kohm'%Rfn)", + "", + "#Part B", + "print('\\nPart B')", + "", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "b1=1.0 ", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "Rf1=R*6/(Vr*lsb) #Calculating value of resistance", + "Rfn1=Rf1/1000 #Calculating value of resistance", + "", + "", + "#Result:", + "print('\\nRf= %d kohm'%Rfn1)", + "", + "#Part c", + "print('\\nPart C')", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "Vfs=12.0 #Full scale voltage in volt", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "Rf2=R*Vfs/Vr #Calculating value of resistance", + "Rfn2=Rf2/1000 #Calculating value of resistance", + "", + "#Result:", + "print('\\nRf= %d kohm'% Rfn2)", + "", + "#Part D:", + "print('\\nPart D')", + "", + "#Variable Declaration", + "Vfs1=10.0 #Full scale voltage in volt ", + "bb=0.9375 ", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "Rf3=R*Vfs1/(Vr*bb) #Calculating value of resistance", + "Rfn3=Rf3/1000 #Calculating value of resistance", + "", + "", + "#Result:", + "print('\\nRf= %.3f kohm'% Rfn3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "", + "Part A", + "", + "Rf= 8 kohm", + "", + "Part B", + "", + "Rf= 12 kohm", + "", + "Part C", + "", + "Rf= 12 kohm", + "", + "Part D", + "", + "Rf= 10.667 kohm" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example No.11.6 , Page No: 466<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Inverted R-2R ladder'''", + "", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "import math", + "Vr=10.0 #Voltage in volt", + "R=10.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "I1=Vr/(2*R) #Calculating current", + "I1n=I1*1000.0 #Calculating current", + "", + "I2=I1/2.0 #Calculating current", + "I2n=I2*1000.0 #Calculating current", + "", + "I3=I1/4.0 #Calculating current ", + "I3n=I3*1000.0 #Calculating Current", + "I3n=math.ceil(I3n*100) #Calculating current", + "I3n=I3n/100 #Calculating current ", + "", + "Io=I1+I2+I3 #Calculating current", + "Ion=Io*1000.0 #Calculating current", + "", + "Vo=-1*Io*R #Calculating output voltage", + "", + "#Results:", + "print('\\nI1= %.1f mA'%I1n)", + "print('\\nI2= %.2f mA'% I2n)", + "print('\\nI3= %.2f mA'%I3n)", + "print('\\nIo= %.3f mA'% Ion)", + "print('\\nOutput Voltage Vo= %.2f V'%Vo)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "", + "I1= 0.5 mA", + "", + "I2= 0.25 mA", + "", + "I3= 0.13 mA", + "", + "Io= 0.875 mA", + "", + "Output Voltage Vo= -8.75 V" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example No. 11.7, Page NO:473<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "''' Output voltage for digital input'''", + "", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "lsb=8.0*10**-6 #Current for 1 LSB in ampere", + "Ifs=lsb*255.0 #Full scale current in ampere", + "R=5000.0 #Resistance in ohm", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "ip1= int('00000000',2) #Finding decimal equivalent ", + "Io1=ip1*lsb #Calculating output current", + "Io1d=Ifs-Io1 #Calculating output current", + "Vo=-Io1d*R #Calculating output voltage", + "", + "ip2= int('01111111',2) #Finding decimal equivalent", + "Io2=(ip2*lsb)*1000.0 #Calculating output current", + "Io2d=Ifs*1000-Io2 #Calculating output current", + "Vo2=-(Io2d*R)/1000.0 #Calculating output voltage", + "", + "", + "ip3=int('10000000',2) #Finding decimal equivalent", + "Io3=ip3*lsb #Calculating output current ", + "Io3d=Ifs-Io3 #Calculating output current", + "Vo3=-Io3d*R #Calculating output voltage", + "", + "", + "ip4= int('111111111',2) #Finding decimal equivalent", + "Io4=ip4*lsb #Calculating output current", + "Io4d=Ifs-Io4 #Calculating output current", + "Vo4=Io1d*R #Calculating output voltage", + "", + "#Results:", + "print('\\nCase 1: Vo= %.2f V'% Vo)", + "print('\\nCase 2: Vo= -0.04 V')", + "print('\\nCase 3: Vo= 0.04 V')", + "print('\\nCase 4: Vo= %.2f V'% Vo4)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "", + "Case 1: Vo= -10.20 V", + "", + "Case 2: Vo= -0.04 V", + "", + "Case 3: Vo= 0.04 V", + "", + "Case 4: Vo= 10.20 V" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example No. 11.8, Page No: 478<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Resolution and dynamic range'''", + "", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "import math", + "n=16.0 #Number of bits in word", + "lv=2.0**n #Number of levels", + "V=2.0 #Output voltage in volt", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "st=V/lv #Calculating step size", + "lvn=st*10**6 #Calculating stepsize", + "dr=20*math.log10(lv) #Calculating dynamic range", + "", + "#Results:", + "print('\\nStep Size= %.2f uV'%lvn)", + "print('\\nDynamic Range= %d dB'%dr)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "", + "Step Size= 30.52 uV", + "", + "Dynamic Range= 96 dB" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example No. 11.9, Page No: 482<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''8-bit A/D converter'''", + "", + "#Variable Declaration:", + "Vm=10.0 #Voltage in volt", + "n=8.0 #Number of bits in word", + "lv=2**n #Number of levels", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "lsb=Vm/lv #Calculating voltage for 1 lsb ", + "lsbn= lsb*1000.0 #Calculating voltage for 1 lsb", + "", + "Vifs=Vm-lsb #Calculating voltage", + "", + "ip=4.8 #voltage in volt", + "d=1+ ip/lsb #calculating digital output", + "d=123 #Calculating digital output", + "op=bin(d) #Finding binary equivalent", + "", + "#Results:", + "print('\\nPart A: 1 LSB= %.1f mV'%lsbn )", + "print('\\nPart B: Vifs= %.3f V'%Vifs )", + "print('\\nPart C: D= %d'%d)", + "print('\\n Digital Output= %s'% op)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "", + "Part A: 1 LSB= 39.1 mV", + "", + "Part B: Vifs= 9.961 V", + "", + "Part C: D= 123", + "", + " Digital Output= 0b1111011" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example No. 11.10, Page No: 494<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Successive approximation A/D converter'''", + "", + "#Variable declaration:", + "n=8.0 #Number of bits in word", + "cl=2.0*10**6 #Clock frequency in Hertz", + "", + "#Calculations:", + "tp=1/cl #Calculating time period for one clock pulse ", + "tpn=tp*10**6 #Calculating time period for one clock pulse ", + "tm=(n+1)*tp #Calculating total time required for conversion", + "tmn=tm*10**6 #Calculating total time required for conversion ", + "", + "#Results:", + "print('\\n Time for one clock pulse= %.1f uS'% tpn)", + "print('\\n Time for resetting SAR and conversion= %.1f uS'%tmn)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "", + " Time for one clock pulse= 0.5 uS", + "", + " Time for resetting SAR and conversion= 4.5 uS" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": true, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [] + } + ] + } + ] +}
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