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diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch15.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch15.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..77a4d951 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch15.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,296 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "ch15" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 15 : Circulation Systems" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1, Page 369\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Circulation Rate when Deactivation Controls\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "thalf=1; #Half life of catalyst in s\n", + "F=960; #Feed rate of oil in tons/day\n", + "W=50; #Weight of the bed in tons\n", + "a=0.5; #Activity after time equal to half life\n", + "abar=0.01; #Average activity of the catalyst\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "Ka=-math.log(a)/thalf;#Rate constant is s**-1, assuming I order kinetics from Eqn.(12)\n", + "Fs=Ka*W*abar/(1-abar);#Circulation rate of solids from Eqn.(16)\n", + "x=(Fs*60*60*24.0)/F; #Circulation rate per feed of oil\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print '\\nSolid recirculation per feed of oil =%ftons of solid circulated/ton feed oil'%x\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "Solid recirculation per feed of oil =31.506690tons of solid circulated/ton feed oil\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2, Page 370\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Circulation Rate when Heat Duty Controls\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "deltaHr1=1260.; #Enthalpy change during endothermic reaction in kJ/kg\n", + "deltaHr2=-33900.; #Enthal[y change during exothermic reaction in kJ/kg\n", + "H1=703.; #Enthalpy of feed oil in kJ/kg\n", + "T1=260.; #Temperature of feed oil in degree celcius\n", + "H3=1419.; #Enthalpy of cracked product in kJ/kg\n", + "T3=500.; #Temperature of cracked product in degree celcius\n", + "Ta=20.; #Temperature of entering air in degree celcius\n", + "Cpa=1.09; #Specific heat of entering air in kJ/kg K\n", + "Cpf=1.05; #Specific heat of flue gases in kJ/kg K\n", + "Cps=1.01; #Specific heat of solids in kJ/kg K\n", + "Cpv=3.01; #Specific heat of vaporized feed in kJ/kg K\n", + "T4=[520.,540.,560.,580.,600.,620.,640.,660.]; #Temperature of flue gas in degree celcius\n", + "V=22.4; #Volume of 1 mole of Carbon dioxide gas in N-m**3\n", + "M=12.; #Molecular weight of carbon in kg\n", + "rho=1.293; #Density of carbon dioxide gas in kg/N-m**3\n", + "xa=0.21; #Mass fraction of oxygen in air\n", + "betac=0.07; #Mass fraction of carbon\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "n=len(T4);\n", + "i=0;\n", + "x1 = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]\n", + "x2 = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]\n", + "excess_air = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]\n", + "\n", + "x2min=betac*(V*rho/(M*xa));#Minimum amount of air required for complete combustion\n", + "while i<n:\n", + " x1[i]=(deltaHr1+0.93*H3-H1)/(Cps*(T4[i]-T3));#Fs/F1 by simplifying the overall energy balance\n", + " x2[i]=((0.07*(-deltaHr2)-(deltaHr1+0.93*H3-H1))/(Cpf*(T4[i]-Ta)))-0.07;#F2/F1 by simplifying the energy balance for regenerator\n", + " if x2[i]>x2min:\n", + " excess_air[i]=(x2[i]-x2min)/x2min; #Excess air used\n", + " else:\n", + " excess_air[i]=0;\n", + " i=i+1;\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT \n", + "print 'T4(degree celcius)',\n", + "print '\\tFs/F1',\n", + "print '\\t\\tF2/F1',\n", + "print '\\t\\tExcess air(percentage)'\n", + "i=0;\n", + "while i<n:\n", + " print '%f'%T4[i],\n", + " print '\\t\\t%f'%x1[i],\n", + " print '\\t%f'%x2[i],\n", + " print '\\t%f'%(excess_air[i]*100);\n", + " i=i+1;\n", + "\n", + "#Disclaimer: The values of F2/F1 obtained by manual calculation has close correspondance to the ones obtained as the output, whereas it deviates largely from the values given in textbook.\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "T4(degree celcius) \tFs/F1 \t\tF2/F1 \t\tExcess air(percentage)\n", + "520.000000 \t\t92.904455 \t0.875390 \t8.807235\n", + "540.000000 \t\t46.452228 \t0.839029 \t4.287699\n", + "560.000000 \t\t30.968152 \t0.805362 \t0.102944\n", + "580.000000 \t\t23.226114 \t0.774099 \t0.000000\n", + "600.000000 \t\t18.580891 \t0.744992 \t0.000000\n", + "620.000000 \t\t15.484076 \t0.717825 \t0.000000\n", + "640.000000 \t\t13.272065 \t0.692412 \t0.000000\n", + "660.000000 \t\t11.613057 \t0.668586 \t0.000000\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3, Page 379\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Aeration of Fine Particle Downcomer\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Fs=100.; #Solid flowrate in kg/s\n", + "ephsilon1=0.55;\n", + "ephsilon2=0.5;\n", + "p1=120.; #Pressure at upper level in kPa\n", + "rhos=1000.; #Density of solid in kg/m**3\n", + "rhog=1.; #Density of gas in kg/m**3\n", + "gc=1.; #Conversion factor\n", + "g=9.81; #Acceleration due to gravity in m/s**2\n", + "di=0.34; #Diameter of downcomer in m\n", + "pi=3.14;\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "x=(ephsilon1/ephsilon2)*((1-ephsilon2)/(1-ephsilon1));#To find pressure at lower level using Eqn.(30)\n", + "p2=x*p1;#Pressure at lower level using Eqn.(30)\n", + "deltap=p2-p1;\n", + "ephsilonbar=0.5*(ephsilon1+ephsilon2);\n", + "deltah=(deltap*10**3*gc)/(rhos*(1-ephsilonbar)*g);#Static head height from Eqn.(28)\n", + "At=0.25*pi*di**2;#Area of downcomer\n", + "Gs=Fs/At;#Flux of solids in downcomer\n", + "Gg=Gs*(ephsilon1/(1-ephsilon1))*(rhog/rhos)*(x-1);#Required gas aeration rate from Eqn.(31)\n", + "Fg=Gg*At;#Flow rate of gas required\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print '\\nThe required flow rate of gas required for location of %fm below downcomer is %.4fkg/s'%(deltah,Fg)\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "The required flow rate of gas required for location of 5.722768m below downcomer is 0.0272kg/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4, Page 380\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Circulation in Side-by-Side Beds\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Fs=600;#Solid circulation rate in kg/s\n", + "dpbar=60;#Mean size of solids in micrometer\n", + "pA=120;#Pressure in vessel A in kPa\n", + "pB=180;#Pressure in vessel B in kPa\n", + "LfA=8;#Bed height in vessel A in m\n", + "LfB=8;#Bed height in vessel B i m\n", + "#Bulk densities in kg/m**3\n", + "rho12=100;\n", + "rho34=400;\n", + "rho45=550;\n", + "rho67=200;\n", + "rho78=200;\n", + "rho910=400;\n", + "rho1011=400;\n", + "rho1112=550;\n", + "rho13=100;\n", + "deltapdA=7;#Pressure drop across the distributor in regenerator in kPa\n", + "deltapdB=8;#Pressure drop across the distributor in reactor in kPa\n", + "deltap12=(9+4);#Friction loss and pressure difference required to accelerate the solids in transfer lines in kPa\n", + "deltap78=(15+3);#Friction loss and pressure difference required to accelerate the solids in transfer lines in kPa\n", + "deltap45=20;#Friction loss across the reactor's stripper downcomer in kPa\n", + "deltap1112=4;#Friction loss across the regenerator's downcomer in kPa\n", + "deltapvA=5;#Pressure drop assigned for the control valve in regenerator in kPa\n", + "deltapvB=15;#Pressure drop assigned for the control valve in reactor in kPa\n", + "deltah12=15;#Height of the riser in m\n", + "deltah86=30;#Height of the riser in m\n", + "deltah1011=7;#Height difference h10-h11 in m\n", + "g=9.81;#Acceleration due to gravity in m/s**2\n", + "gc=1;#Conversion factor\n", + "pi=3.14;\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "Gs=900;#From Fig.(8), to find dt\n", + "dt=math.sqrt((4/math.pi)*Fs/Gs);#Diameter of the downcomer\n", + "#Height of downcomer A from Eqn.(7)\n", + "deltahA=(1/(rho1112*g))*((pB-pA)*gc*(10**3)+(deltap12+deltapdB+deltap1112+deltapvA)*gc*10**3-rho12*g*(-deltah12)-rho34*g*(-LfB)-rho1011*g*deltah1011);\n", + "#Height of downcomer B from Eqn.(8)\n", + "deltahB=(1/(rho45*g))*(-(pB-pA)*gc*10**3+(deltap45+deltapvB+deltap78+deltapdA)*gc*10**3+rho78*g*deltah86+rho910*g*LfA)\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print 'Height of downcomer for:'\n", + "print '\\tRegenerator:%d m'%deltahA\n", + "print '\\tReactor:%.1f m'%deltahB\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Height of downcomer for:\n", + "\tRegenerator:20 m\n", + "\tReactor:16.7 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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