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diff --git a/Fluid_mechanics/Chapter_4.ipynb b/Fluid_mechanics/Chapter_4.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 49f2ce7e..00000000 --- a/Fluid_mechanics/Chapter_4.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,777 +0,0 @@ -{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "",
- "signature": "sha256:bf4ed226827aaf378bd6d43d8ae5845adf36d75f20c124d2087db252462cf40c"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chapter 4 - Fluid Dynamics"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 1 - Pg 79"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate dp/ds at both upper and lower ends\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "rho=1.5 #g/cc\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "dzds=-0.5\n",
- "x1=0\n",
- "x2=3\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "def func(s):\n",
- " dpds=-rho*g*dzds - rho*(3+9*s)*9\n",
- " return dpds\n",
- "\n",
- "r1=func(x1)\n",
- "r2=func(x2)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"At the upper end, dp/ds =\",r1,\"lb/ft^2 per foot\")\n",
- "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n At the lower end, dp/ds =\",r2,\"lb/ft^2 per foot\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "At the upper end, dp/ds = -16.3 lb/ft^2 per foot\n",
- "\n",
- " At the lower end, dp/ds = -380.9 lb/ft^2 per foot\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 1
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 2 - Pg 80"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the pressure difference between the two points\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "v1=3. #ft/s\n",
- "z1=1.5 #ft\n",
- "rho=1.5 #g/cc\n",
- "z2=0\n",
- "v2=30. #ft/s\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "dp= rho*(v2*v2 /2. - g*z1 +g*z2 - v1*v1 /2.)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"pressure difference =\",dp,\"lb/ft^2\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "pressure difference = 595.8 lb/ft^2\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 2
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3 - Pg 85"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the net power transferred\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "pd=15. #psia\n",
- "rhod=0.005#slug/ft^3\n",
- "pi=150. #psia\n",
- "rhoi=0.03 #slug/ft^3\n",
- "dz=-25. #ft\n",
- "vd=1000. #ft/s\n",
- "vi=100. #ft/s\n",
- "ud=200. #Btu/slug\n",
- "ui=250. #Btu/slug\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "J=778.\n",
- "uff=5. #ft/s\n",
- "Q=50. #Btu/sec\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "pr=pd/rhod*144. - pi/rhoi *144.\n",
- "zr=g*(dz)\n",
- "vr=(vd*vd -vi*vi)/2.\n",
- "ur=(ud-ui)*J\n",
- "jeh=J*Q*g/uff\n",
- "gem=pr+zr+vr+ur+jeh\n",
- "power=gem*uff/g\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %d %s' %(\"Power transferred =\",power,\"ft-lb/sec\")\n",
- "print '%s' %(\"The answers are a bit different from textbook due to rounding off error\")"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Power transferred = 64877 ft-lb/sec\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 4 - Pg 89"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the kinetic energy correction factor\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "import scipy\n",
- "from scipy import integrate\n",
- "r0=1. \n",
- "ri=0.\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "def func1(y):\n",
- " v= 2*math.pow(y,(1./7.)) *(y-1)\n",
- " return v\n",
- "\n",
- "V,err=scipy.integrate.quad(func1,ri,r0)\n",
- "def func2(y):\n",
- " alpha= 1/ (math.pi*V*V*V) *2*math.pi *math.pow((y),(3./7.)) *(y-1) \n",
- " return alpha\n",
- "\n",
- "a2,err2=scipy.integrate.quad(func2,ri,r0)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2f' %(\"Kinetic energy correction factor = \",a2)\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Kinetic energy correction factor = 1.06\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 4
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 5a - Pg 92"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the pressure at the lower end if friction is neglected\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "gam=62.4\n",
- "pu=40. #psia\n",
- "zu=25. #ft\n",
- "vu=8. #ft/s\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "vl=8. #ft/s\n",
- "zl=0 #ft\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "pl= gam*(pu*144. /gam +zu-zl+ (vu*vu -vl*vl)/(2*g))/144.\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Pressure at the lower end if friction is neglected =\",pl,\"psig\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Pressure at the lower end if friction is neglected = 50.83 psig\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 5
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 5b - Pg 92"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the pressure at the lower end if friction is not neglected\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "hl=5.\n",
- "gam=62.4\n",
- "pu=40. #psia\n",
- "zu=25. #ft\n",
- "vu=8. #ft/s\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "vl=8. #ft/s\n",
- "zl=0 #ft\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "pl= gam*(pu*144. /gam +zu-zl-hl+ (vu*vu -vl*vl)/(2*g))/144.\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Pressure at the lower end if friction is neglected =\",pl,\"psig\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Pressure at the lower end if friction is neglected = 48.67 psig\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 6a - Pg 94"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the discharge flow rate.\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "gam=62.4\n",
- "pa=0\n",
- "za=15. #ft\n",
- "va=0\n",
- "pg=0\n",
- "zg=0\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "dg=2. #in\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "vg= math.sqrt(2*g*(pa/gam +za+va*va /(2*g) -pg/gam - zg))\n",
- "Ag=math.pi/4. *(dg/12.)*(dg/12.)\n",
- "Q=Ag*vg\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"discharge =\",Q,\"ft^3/sec\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "discharge = 0.68 ft^3/sec\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 8
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 6b - Pg 95"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the pressure at the points C,D,E and F\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "gam=62.4\n",
- "pa=0\n",
- "za=15. #ft\n",
- "va=0\n",
- "pg=0\n",
- "zg=0\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "d=4. #in\n",
- "dg=2. #in\n",
- "zd=25. #ft\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "vg= math.sqrt(2*g*(pa/gam +za+va*va /(2*g) -pg/gam - zg))\n",
- "Ag=math.pi/4. *(dg/12.)*(dg/12.)\n",
- "Q=Ag*vg\n",
- "A=math.pi/4. *(d/12.)*(d/12.)\n",
- "v4=Q/A\n",
- "pc=-v4*v4 *gam/(2*g*144.)\n",
- "pgd= za-zd - v4*v4 /(2*g)\n",
- "pd=pgd*gam/144.\n",
- "pe=-v4*v4 *gam/(2*g*144.)\n",
- "pfg= za- v4*v4 /(2*g)\n",
- "pf=pfg*gam/144.\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Pressure at C =\",pc,\" psig\")\n",
- "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n Pressure at D =\",pd,\" psig\")\n",
- "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n Pressure at E =\",pe,\" psig\")\n",
- "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n Pressure at F =\",pf,\" psig\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Pressure at C = -0.41 psig\n",
- "\n",
- " Pressure at D = -4.74 psig\n",
- "\n",
- " Pressure at E = -0.41 psig\n",
- "\n",
- " Pressure at F = 6.09 psig\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 9
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7 - Pg 97"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the time required\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "import scipy\n",
- "from scipy import integrate\n",
- "d1=6. #ft\n",
- "d2=3. #in\n",
- "pa=2. #ft\n",
- "d=13.6 \n",
- "sg=0.75\n",
- "h1=5. #sec\n",
- "h2=3. #sec\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "pag=pa/12. *d/sg\n",
- "def func(h):\n",
- " time= -d1*d1 /(d2/12.)/(d2/12.) /(math.sqrt(2*g)) *math.pow((pag+h),(-0.5))\n",
- " return time\n",
- "ti,err=scipy.integrate.quad(func,h1,h2)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"Time required =\",ti,\" sec\")\n",
- "print '%s' %(\"The answers are a bit different from textbook due to rounding off error\")"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Time required = 54.3 sec\n",
- "The answers are a bit different from textbook due to rounding off error\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 1
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8 - Pg 100"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the rate of flow \n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "x=12. #ft\n",
- "angle=30.*math.pi/180. #degrees\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "z=-2. #ft\n",
- "d=2. #in\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "vj= x/math.cos(angle) *math.sqrt(g/(2*(x*math.tan(angle) -z)))\n",
- "Q=math.pi/4. *(d/12.)*(d/12.) *vj\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Rate of flow =\",Q,\" ft^3/s\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Rate of flow = 0.41 ft^3/s\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 11
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9 - Pg 103"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the net discharge\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "x=10. #in of mercury\n",
- "sg=13.6 #g/cc\n",
- "d1=8. #in\n",
- "d2=4. #in\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "vdiff=x/12. *sg- x/12.\n",
- "Vts=vdiff/(1-math.pow((d2/d1),4))\n",
- "Vt=math.sqrt(2*g*Vts)\n",
- "Q=Vt*math.pi/4. *(d2/12.)*(d2/12.)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Discharge =\",Q,\"ft^3/s\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Discharge = 2.34 ft^3/s\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 12
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 11 - Pg 107"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the horsepower input of the test pump\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "gam=62.4\n",
- "ds=12. #in\n",
- "dd=10. #in\n",
- "Q=4. #ft^3/s\n",
- "pd=40. #psia\n",
- "ps=-6. #psia\n",
- "zd=5. #ft\n",
- "zs=0\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "vs=Q/(math.pi/4. *math.pow((ds/12.),2))\n",
- "vd=Q/(math.pi/4. *math.pow((dd/12.),2))\n",
- "emp = (pd-ps)*144./gam + zd-zs + (vd*vd - vs*vs)/(2*g)\n",
- "hpp=emp*Q*gam/550.\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"Horsepower input of the test pump =\",hpp,\"hp\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Horsepower input of the test pump = 50.6 hp\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 13
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 12 - Pg 117"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the horizontal and vertical components of force\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "d1=12. #in\n",
- "d2=8. #in\n",
- "v1=15. #ft/s\n",
- "p1=12. #psig\n",
- "p2=5.85 #psig\n",
- "rho=1.94 #ft^3/slug\n",
- "angle=60.*math.pi/180. #degrees\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "Q=math.pi/4. *(d1/12.)*(d1/12.) *v1\n",
- "v2=Q/(math.pi/4. *(d2/12.)*(d2/12.))\n",
- "pa1=p1*math.pi/4. *(d1)*(d1)\n",
- "pa2=p2*math.pi/4. *(d2)*(d2)\n",
- "qv1=rho*Q*v1\n",
- "qv2=rho*Q*v2\n",
- "Fx=pa1+qv1+ math.cos(angle)*(pa2+qv2)\n",
- "Fy=math.sin(angle)*(pa2+qv2)\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %d %s' %(\"Horizontal component of force =\",Fx,\"lb\")\n",
- "print '%s %d %s' %(\"\\n Vertical component of force =\",Fy,\"lb\")\n",
- "print '%s' %(\"The answers are a bit different from textbook due to rounding off error\")"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Horizontal component of force = 2232 lb\n",
- "\n",
- " Vertical component of force = 922 lb\n",
- "The answers are a bit different from textbook due to rounding off error\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 2
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 14a - Pg 127"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the exit velocity of the pump\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "de=4. #in\n",
- "T=1000. #lb\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "vele=8.5 #lb/s\n",
- "pe=16.5 #psia\n",
- "pa=14.7 #psia\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "Ae=math.pi/4. *de*de\n",
- "Ve= (T-(pe-pa)*Ae)*g/vele\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %d %s' %(\"Exit velocity =\",Ve,\"ft/s\")\n",
- "print '%s' %(\"The answers are a bit different from textbook due to rounding off error\")"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Exit velocity = 3702 ft/s\n",
- "The answers are a bit different from textbook due to rounding off error\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 14b - Pg 127"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the thrust in the pipe\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "import math\n",
- "de=4. #in\n",
- "T=1000. #lb\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "vele=8.5 #lb/s\n",
- "pe=16.5 #psia\n",
- "pa=14.7 #psia\n",
- "pa2=1 #psia\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "Ae=math.pi/4 *de*de\n",
- "Ve= (T-(pe-pa)*Ae)*g/vele\n",
- "T2=vele/g *Ve + (pe-pa2)*Ae\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %d %s' %(\"Thrust =\",T2,\"lb\")"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Thrust = 1172 lb\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 5
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 16 - Pg 133"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the downstream depth and horsepower dissipation\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "q=240. #ft^3/sec/ft\n",
- "v1=60. #ft/s\n",
- "gam=62.4 \n",
- "rho=1.94 #slug/ft^3\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "y1=q/v1\n",
- "v2=8.6 #ft/s\n",
- "y2=28. #ft\n",
- "hl= (y1+ v1*v1 /(2*g)) - (y2+ v2*v2 /(2*g))\n",
- "hpp=hl*q*gam/550.\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"Downstream depth =\",y2,\"ft\")\n",
- "print '%s %d %s' %(\"\\n Horsepower dissipation =\",hpp,\"hp per foot width\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Downstream depth = 28.0 ft\n",
- "\n",
- " Horsepower dissipation = 837 hp per foot width\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 17
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 17 - Pg 137"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#calculate the acceleration required\n",
- "#Initialization of variables\n",
- "dh=3. #in\n",
- "L=12. #in\n",
- "g=32.2 #ft/s^2\n",
- "#calculations\n",
- "a=dh/L *g\n",
- "#results\n",
- "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Acceleration =\",a,\" ft/s^2\")\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Acceleration = 8.05 ft/s^2\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 18
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-}
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