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Diffstat (limited to 'Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines')
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diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/README.txt b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/README.txt new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b7a8048f --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Contributed By: parag vasant +Course: mca +College/Institute/Organization: Eclinicalworks India PVT Ltd +Department/Designation: Developer +Book Title: Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines +Author: B. K. Sarkar +Publisher: Allied Publishers Limited +Year of publication: 1999 +Isbn: 81-7023-977-X +Edition: 1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch1.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..fb931903 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1199 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:d25e06b98904a679939aa950e605d9ba5c3f70e4cec7b065f7a8a4ce885f3659" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 1 : Fluid pressure and Its Measurement" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.1 Page No : 9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p = 343350. \t\t\t#pressure at any point in pa\n", + "w = 9810. \t\t\t #gravitational consmath.tant\n", + "s1 = 1.\n", + "s2 = 13.6\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h1 = (p/w)\n", + "h2 = h1*s1/s2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure in term of height of water(m)\",h1\n", + "print \"pressure in term of height of mercury(m)\",round(h2,7)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure in term of height of water(m) 35.0\n", + "pressure in term of height of mercury(m) 2.5735294\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.2 Page No : 10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "h1 = 0.75 \t\t\t#atm pressure in term of mercury\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "w1 = 13.6*w \t\t\t#specific weight of mercury\n", + "w2 = 15000.\n", + "h2 = 3. \t\t\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Patm = w1*h1\n", + "p = w2*h2 \t\t\t# gauge pressure\n", + "Pabs = Patm+p\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"gauge pressure(N/m2)\",p\n", + "print \"absolute pressure(N/m2)\",Pabs\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "gauge pressure(N/m2) 45000.0\n", + "absolute pressure(N/m2) 145062.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.3 Page No : 10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "h1 = 2.5\n", + "h2 = 1.5\n", + "s1 = 1\n", + "s2 = 0.8\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p2 = s2*w*h2 \t\t\t#Pressure intensity at interface\n", + "p1 = s1*w*h1\n", + "p = p1+p2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure intensity at interface(N/m2)\",p2\n", + "print \"pressure intensity at bottom(N/m2)\",p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure intensity at interface(N/m2) 11772.0\n", + "pressure intensity at bottom(N/m2) 36297.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.4 Page No : 11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p = 71613. \t\t\t#gauge pressure\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "phead = p/w\n", + "patm = 10.33\n", + "pabs = patm+phead\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"absolute pressure in term of water height in meters\",pabs\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "absolute pressure in term of water height in meters 17.63\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.5 Page No : 11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "h1 = 0.05\n", + "h2 = 0.1\n", + "s1 = 0.8\n", + "s2 = 13.6\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p = s2*h2*w \t\t\t#pressure at balance line \n", + "p1 = s1*h1*w \n", + "pf = p-p1\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure in pipe(N/m2)\",pf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure in pipe(N/m2) 12949.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.6 Page No : 12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "h1 = 0.2\n", + "h2 = 0.5\n", + "s1 = 0.9\n", + "s2 = 13.6\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = -(h1*s1+h2*s2)\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "p = h*w\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"vacuum pressure (N/m2)\",p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "vacuum pressure (N/m2) -68473.8\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.7 Page No : 13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s1 = 0.8\n", + "s2 = 13.6\n", + "dh = 0.4\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = dh*13.6-dh*0.8\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "pd = w*h\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure difference in height of water()\",h\n", + "print \"presuure difference in N/m2\",pd\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure difference in height of water() 5.12\n", + "presuure difference in N/m2 50227.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.8 Page No : 14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s1 = 0.8\n", + "s2 = 0.7\n", + "h1 = 1.5\n", + "h2 = 0.3\n", + "h3 = 0.7\n", + "s3 = 13.6\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "hd = h2*s2+h3*s3-h1*s1\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "pd = hd*w\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"diffrence in pressure in term of height of water(m)\",hd\n", + "print \"difference in pressure (N/m2)\",pd\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "diffrence in pressure in term of height of water(m) 8.53\n", + "difference in pressure (N/m2) 83679.3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.9 Page No : 15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s1 = 1.6\n", + "s2 = 0.8\n", + "s3 = 13.6\n", + "p1 = 98100.\n", + "p2 = 176580.\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h1 = p1/w\n", + "h2 = p2/w\n", + "h = (h2-h1+1.6*s2-4.1*s1)/(s3-s2)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"difference in mercury level(cm)\",h*100\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "difference in mercury level(cm) 21.25\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.10 Page No : 16" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s1 = 1.2\n", + "s2 = 1\n", + "s3 = 0.7\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = (s1-s2)*0.3/(s2-s3)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"difference in height(cm)\",h*100\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "difference in height(cm) 20.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.11 Page No : 17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s1 = 0.8\n", + "s2 = 13.6\n", + "z = 0.02\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "h2 = 0.2\n", + "h1 = 0.1\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = h2*s2-h1*s1+(z*h2*(s2-s1))\n", + "p = h*w\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure of the oil in N/m2\",p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure of the oil in N/m2 26400.672\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.12 Page No : 18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 4\n", + "b = 2\n", + "h = 3\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "s = 0.8\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p1 = w*l*b*h*s\n", + "p2 = w*s*l*h*1.5\n", + "p3 = w*s*b*h*1.5\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"total pressure on horizontal base\",p1\n", + "print \"total pressure on larger vertical base\",p2\n", + "print \"total pressure on smaller vertical walls\",p3\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total pressure on horizontal base 188352.0\n", + "total pressure on larger vertical base 141264.0\n", + "total pressure on smaller vertical walls 70632.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.13 Page No : 18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p = 490500.\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = p/w\n", + "D = 0.15\n", + "A = math.pi*D*D*0.25\n", + "pt = w*A*h\n", + "h1 = (D*D)/(16*h)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"total hydrostatic pressure in N\",round(pt,2)\n", + "print \"position of centre of pressure below the centre of pipe : %f\"%h1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total hydrostatic pressure in N 8667.85\n", + "position of centre of pressure below the centre of pipe : 0.000028\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.14 Page No : 19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "h = 4.\n", + "d = 2.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = d*d*0.25*math.pi\n", + "p = w*a*h\n", + "h1 = d*d/64\n", + "T = p*(h1) \n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"torque required to keep the disc in vertical position in N.m %.4f\"%T\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque required to keep the disc in vertical position in N.m 7704.7560\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.15 Page No : 20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "h = 2.\n", + "l = 2.\n", + "b = 1.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = l*b\n", + "p = w*a*h\n", + "h1 = h+(b*l*l*l/(12*b*l*l))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"total pressure\",p\n", + "print \"location of its centre of pressure\",round(h1,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total pressure 39240.0\n", + "location of its centre of pressure 2.1667\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.16 Page No : 21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "h1 = 8\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "wd = 6\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p1 = 0.5*w*h1*h1*wd\n", + "h2 = 4\n", + "p2 = 0.5*h2*w*h2*wd\n", + "h11 = 0.66666*h1\n", + "h22 = 0.6666*h2\n", + "p = p1-p2\n", + "hf = (p1*(h1-h11)-p2*(h2-h22))/p\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"resultant force\",p\n", + "print \"position of its line of action\",round(hf,5)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resultant force 1412640.0\n", + "position of its line of action 3.11109\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.17 Page No : 22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "z = 9810\n", + "w = 10\n", + "h = 2\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p = 0.5*h*h*w*z\n", + "h1 = h*0.6666\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"total hydrostatic thrust\",p\n", + "print \"its point of application\",h1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total hydrostatic thrust 196200.0\n", + "its point of application 1.3332\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.18 Page No : 22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a1 = 1.4*2.2*1.4\n", + "x1 = 1.6+0.7\n", + "x11 = (1.4*1.4/(12*2.3))+x1\n", + "x2 = 0.7\n", + "x22 = (1.4*1.4/(12*0.7))+x2\n", + "z = 9810\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p1 = z*a1*x1\n", + "p2 = z*a1*x2/1.4\n", + "p = p1-p2\n", + "h = (p1*(3-x11)+p2*(1.4-x22))/p\n", + "f = (p1*(3-x11)-p2*(1.4-x22))/1.4\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"resultant force\",p\n", + "print \"force acting horizontally on the top of the gate\",f\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resultant force 76141.296\n", + "force acting horizontally on the top of the gate 36660.624\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.19 Page No : 24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s = 1.5\n", + "s1 = 0.9\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "h1 = 0.9\n", + "h2 = 0.6\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p1 = 0.5*w*s*s1*h1*h1 \t\t\t#total pressure due to oil\n", + "p2 = w*h1*h2*s*s1 \t\t\t# total pressure due to oil above water\n", + "p3 = w*h2*h2*0.5*s \t\t\t#total pressure due to water\n", + "p = p1+p2+p3\n", + "h = ((p1*0.6666*h1)+(p2*(h1+0.5*h2))+(p3*(0.6666*h2+h1)))/p\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"resultant pressure on the wall in N/m2\",p\n", + "print \"position of centre of pressure from free surface\",round(h,5)\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resultant pressure on the wall in N/m2 15163.8075\n", + "position of centre of pressure from free surface 1.00521\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.20 Page No : 26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 2.4\n", + "h = 1.6\n", + "s = 1.2\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = d*s\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "p = w*a*h*s\n", + "h1 = ((2*s*s*s*d)/(12*a*h))+h\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"total pressure in N\",p\n", + "print \"its point of application\",h1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total pressure in N 54245.376\n", + "its point of application 1.75\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.21 Page No : 26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "x = 30.\n", + "d = 1.2\n", + "h = 1.5\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "z = math.sin(x*math.pi/180)\n", + "h1 = (z*d*0.5)+h\n", + "a = 0.25*math.pi*d*d\n", + "p = a*w*h1\n", + "h11 = (d*d*z*z)/(16*h1)+h1\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"total pressure\",round(p,3)\n", + "print \"position of centre of pressure\",round(h11,4)\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total pressure 19970.728\n", + "position of centre of pressure 1.8125\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.22 Page No : 27" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 2\n", + "z = 0.5\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = z+0.5*d\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d*0.25\n", + "p = a*w*h\n", + "h11 = (1/(16*1.5))+1.5\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"total pressure on the plate %.3f N\"%p\n", + "print \"position of centre of pressure\",round(h11,5)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total pressure on the plate 46228.536 N\n", + "position of centre of pressure 1.54167\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.23 Page No : 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "x = 30.\n", + "z = math.sin(x*math.pi/180)\n", + "h = 6-(z*0.5)\n", + "l = 1.\n", + "b = 4.\n", + "a = l*b\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p = w*a*h\n", + "h11 = (z*z)/(12*h)+h\n", + "f = p*0.5072\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"force normal to the gate at point B\",round(f,2),\"N\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "force normal to the gate at point B 114439.54 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.24 Page No : 29" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "x = 30.\n", + "z = math.sin(math.pi*x/180)\n", + "d = 1.4\n", + "h = 3.\n", + "b = 1.5\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h1 = z+d\n", + "a = 0.5*h*b\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "p = w*a*h1\n", + "h11 = ((z*z*h*h*h*b)/(36*a*h1))+h1\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"total pressure on the plate\",round(p,2),\"N\"\n", + "print \"position of centre of pressure\",round(h11,4),\"m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total pressure on the plate 41937.75 N\n", + "position of centre of pressure 1.9658 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.25 Page No : 30" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 1.8\n", + "h = 2.4\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "s = 0.8\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p1 = w*d*d*h*0.25*math.pi\n", + "h1 = ((d*d)/(16*h))+h\n", + "p = w*(s*1.5+2.4)\n", + "p2 = p*math.pi*d*d*0.25\n", + "p = p2-p1\n", + "ab = w*(s*1.5+1.5)\n", + "de = w*(s*1.5+3.3)\n", + "ce = de-ab\n", + "x = ((0.5*ce*d*0.3)/(0.5*(ab+de)*d))\n", + "h2 = x+h\n", + "h12 = h1-h2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"change in total pressure\",round(p,3)\n", + "print \"position of centre of pressure\",h2\n", + "print \"change in position of centre of pressure\",round(h12,6),\"m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "change in total pressure 29956.091\n", + "position of centre of pressure 2.475\n", + "change in position of centre of pressure 0.009375 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.26 Page No : 31" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 5.\n", + "r = 3.\n", + "a = l*r\n", + "h = r*0.5\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "ph = w*a*h\n", + "pv = w*0.25*math.pi*r*r*l\n", + "p = math.sqrt((ph*ph)+(pv*pv))\n", + "z = ph/pv\n", + "theta = math.degrees(math.atan(z))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"resultant pressure on the gate\",round(p,2),\"N\"\n", + "print \"angle of resultant force with vertical\",round(theta,7)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resultant pressure on the gate 411011.12 N\n", + "angle of resultant force with vertical 32.4816366\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1.27 Page No : 32" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s = 5.\n", + "z = math.sin(math.radians(45.))\n", + "a = 2*s*z\n", + "h = s*z\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "ph = w*a*h\n", + "pv = w*((0.25*s*s*math.pi)-(0.5*a*h))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"horizontal pressure\",ph,\"N\"\n", + "print \"vertical pressure\",round(pv,1),\"N\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "horizontal pressure 245250.0 N\n", + "vertical pressure 69993.9 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch10.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch10.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..3f713b01 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,817 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:e622aaab4152afb43a745018655d3a8638f8ca2d38533a29b1d9f716597d102a" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 10 : Centrifugal Pump" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.1 Page No : 210" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "N = 900./60\n", + "x1 = 90.\n", + "D1 = 0.2\n", + "D2 = 0.4\n", + "n = 0.7\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "u1 = math.pi*D1*N\n", + "u2 = 2*u1 \t\t\t# as D2 = 2D1\n", + "y1 = 20.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Vf1 = u1*math.tan(math.radians(y1))\n", + "Vr1 = Vf1/math.sin(math.radians(y1))\n", + "Vf2 = Vf1\n", + "Vr2 = Vr1\n", + "x = (Vr2*Vr2-Vf1*Vf1)**0.5\n", + "Vw2 = u2-x\n", + "B1 = 0.02\n", + "Q = math.pi*D1*B1*Vf1\n", + "H = Vw2*u2/g\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "P = (w*Q*Vw2*u2)/(g*1000)\n", + "inputpower = (w*Q*H)/(1000*n)\n", + "print \"discharge through the pump %.4f litre/s \\\n", + "\\nheat developed %f m \\\n", + "\\npower in Kw at outlet %.3f \\\n", + "\\ninput power if overall efficiency is 70%% : %.4f kW\" \\\n", + "%(Q*1000,H,P,inputpower)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge through the pump 43.1069 litre/s \n", + "heat developed 18.109366 m \n", + "power in Kw at outlet 7.658 \n", + "input power if overall efficiency is 70% : 10.9401 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.2 Page No : 212" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Hs = 2.\n", + "Hd = 20.\n", + "Hfs = 1.\n", + "Hfd = 5.\n", + "Q = 1./60\n", + "N = 1450./60\n", + "ds = 0.1\n", + "dd = ds\n", + "n = 0.75\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = 3.142*ds*ds/4\n", + "Vs = Q/a\n", + "Vd = Vs\n", + "Ht = Hs+Hd+Hfs+Hfd+(Vs*Vs/(2*g))+(Vd*Vd/(2*g))\n", + "Pi = (w*Q*Ht)/(n*1000)\n", + "Ns = ((N*(Q**0.5))/(Ht**0.75))*60\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"total head developed by the pump,power input to the pump,specific speed of pump in r.p.m\",round(Ht,4),round(Pi,5),round(Ns,3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total head developed by the pump,power input to the pump,specific speed of pump in r.p.m 28.4589 6.20404 15.192\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.3 Page No : 213" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d2 = 0.6\n", + "Q = 20./60\n", + "N = 1400./60\n", + "V1 = 2.8\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "y2 = 30.\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "Vf1 = V1\n", + "Vf2 = V1\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u2 = 3.142*d2*N\n", + "x = Vf2/math.radians(math.tan(y2))\n", + "Vw2 = u2-x\n", + "Hm = Vw2*u2/g\n", + "P = (w*Q*Hm)/1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"head developed, pump power\",round(Hm,4),round(P,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "head developed, pump power 309.5484 1012.2231\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.4 Page No : 214" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "N = 1450./60\n", + "N1 = 1650./60\n", + "H = 12.\n", + "P = 6.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "H1 = H*((N1/N)**2)\n", + "P1 = P*((N1/N)**3)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"head developed and power required if pump runs at 1650 r.p.m\",round(H1,4),round(P1,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "head developed and power required if pump runs at 1650 r.p.m 15.5386 8.841\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.5 Page No : 215" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 0.03\n", + "Hs = 18.\n", + "d = 0.1\n", + "l = 90.\n", + "n = 0.8\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "a = 3.142*d*d/4\n", + "f = 0.04\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Vd = Q/a\n", + "H1 = (4*f*l*Vd*Vd)/(d*2*g)+(Vd*Vd/(2*g))\n", + "Hm = Hs+H1\n", + "P = (w*Q*Hm)/(n*1000)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power required to drive the pump\",round(P,3),\"kW\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power required to drive the pump 46.279 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.6 Page No : 216" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 0.04\n", + "Hm = 30.\n", + "n = 0.75\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p = w*Q*Hm/1000\n", + "P = p/n\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"output power of the pump,power required to drive the motor\",p,P\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output power of the pump,power required to drive the motor 11.772 15.696\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.7 Page No : 216" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 1.8/60\n", + "d = 0.1\n", + "n = 0.72\n", + "Hs = 20.\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "Hl = 8.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Hm = Hs+Hl\n", + "p = (w*Hm*Q)/1000\n", + "P = p/n\n", + "print \"water power required to the pump,power required to run the pump\",p,P\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "water power required to the pump,power required to run the pump 8.2404 11.445\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.8 Page No : 217" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d2 = 0.6\n", + "Q = 15./60\n", + "N = 1450./60\n", + "V1 = 2.6\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "y2 = 30.\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "Vf1 = V1\n", + "Vf2 = V1\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u2 = math.pi*d2*N\n", + "x = Vf2/math.tan(math.radians(y2))\n", + "Vw2 = u2-x\n", + "Hm = Vw2*u2/g\n", + "P = (w*Q*Hm)/1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"head developed, pump power\",round(Hm,4),round(P,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "head developed, pump power 190.6161 467.4859\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.9 Page No : 217" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 0.05\n", + "p = 392.4*1000\n", + "n = 0.65\n", + "s = 0.8\n", + "w1 = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Hw = p/w1\n", + "Hoil = p/(w1*s)\n", + "Pw = (w1*Q*Hw)/(n*1000)\n", + "Poil = (w1*s*Q*Hoil)/(n*1000)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power in Kw to drive the pump with water and oil of s,p = 0.8\",round(Poil,6),round(Pw,6)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power in Kw to drive the pump with water and oil of s,p = 0.8 30.184615 30.184615\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.10 Page No : 218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 0.118\n", + "N = 1450./60\n", + "Hm = 25.\n", + "d2 = 0.25\n", + "B2 = 0.05\n", + "n = 0.75\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u2 = math.pi*d2*N\n", + "Vf2 = Q/(math.pi*d2*B2)\n", + "Vw2 = g*Hm/(n*u2)\n", + "y2 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf2/(u2-Vw2)))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"vane angle in degree at the outer nperiphery of the impeller\",round(y2,2)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "vane angle in degree at the outer nperiphery of the impeller 59.75\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.11 Page No : 219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Hm = 14.5\n", + "N = 1000./60\n", + "y2 = 30.\n", + "d2 = 0.3\n", + "B2 = 0.05\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "n = 0.95\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u2 = math.pi*d2*N\n", + "Vw2 = g*Hm/(n*u2)\n", + "Vf2 = (u2-Vw2)*math.tan(math.radians(y2))\n", + "Q = math.pi*d2*B2*Vf2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discharge of pump in m3/sec if manometric efficiency if 95%% : %.3f litre/s\"%(Q*1000)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge of pump in m3/sec if manometric efficiency if 95% : 168.024 litre/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.12 Page No : 220" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d2 = 1.2\n", + "N = 200./60\n", + "Q = 1.88\n", + "Hm = 6.\n", + "y2 = 26.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "Vf2 = 2.5\n", + "d1 = 0.6\n", + "u2 = math.pi*d2*N\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Vw2 = u2-(Vf2/math.tan(math.radians(y2)))\n", + "n = g*Hm/(Vw2*u2)\n", + "z1 = (math.pi*d2/60)**2\n", + "z2 = (math.pi*d1/60)**2\n", + "N1 = (Hm*2*g/(z1-z2))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"least speed to start pump : %.3f r.p.m \\\n", + "\\nmanometric efficiency : %.2f %%\"%(N1,(n*100))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "least speed to start pump : 199.395 r.p.m \n", + "manometric efficiency : 62.95 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.13 Page No : 222" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 0.125\n", + "Hm = 25.\n", + "N = 660./60\n", + "d2 = 0.6\n", + "d1 = d2*0.5\n", + "a = 0.06\n", + "y2 = 45.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u2 = math.pi*d2*N\n", + "u1 = u2*0.5\n", + "Vf2 = Q/a\n", + "Vw2 = u2-(Vf2/math.tan(math.radians(y2)))\n", + "n = g*Hm/(Vw2*u2)\n", + "Vf1 = Q/(a)\n", + "y1 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf1/u1))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"manometric efficiency %.2f %% \\\n", + "\\nvane angle at inlet : %.2f degrees\"%((n*100),y1)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "manometric efficiency 63.42 % \n", + "vane angle at inlet : 11.36 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.14 Page No : 223" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 3.\n", + "d2 = 0.4\n", + "B2 = 0.02\n", + "y2 = 45.\n", + "da = 0.1\n", + "nm = 0.9\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "no = 0.8\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "N = 1000./60\n", + "Q = 0.05\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Vf2 = Q/(math.pi*d2*nm*B2)\n", + "u2 = math.pi*d2*N\n", + "Vw2 = u2-(Vf2/math.tan(math.radians(y2)))\n", + "Hm = nm*Vw2*u2/g\n", + "Ht = n*Hm\n", + "P = w*Q*Ht/1000\n", + "Ps = P/no\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"shaft power in Kw %.2f\"%Ps\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "shaft power in Kw 66.21\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 28 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.15 Page No : 225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 6.\n", + "Q = 0.12\n", + "p = 5003.1*1000\n", + "N = 1450./60\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Ht = p/w\n", + "h = Ht/n\n", + "Ns = (N*(Q**0.5)/(h**0.75))*60\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"radial impeller would be selected\",round(Ns,2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "radial impeller would be selected 17.94\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.16 Page No : 225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "sg = 1.08\n", + "w = 9810.*sg\n", + "Q = 0.3\n", + "H = 12.\n", + "no = 0.75\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "P = w*Q*H/(no*1000)\n", + "p = w*H\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power in Kw required by the pump,pressure developed by the pump in N/m2\",round(P,3),p\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power in Kw required by the pump,pressure developed by the pump in N/m2 50.855 127137.6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.17 Page No : 226" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d1 = 0.3\n", + "N1 = 2000./60\n", + "Q1 = 3.\n", + "Hm1 = 30.\n", + "Q2 = 5.\n", + "N2 = 1500./60\n", + "Ht = 200.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Hm2 = ((N2/N1)*((Q2/Q1)**0.5)*(Hm1**0.75))**1.3333\n", + "n = Ht/Hm2\n", + "d2 = ((Hm2/Hm1)**0.5)*(N1/N2)*d1\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"number of stages and diameter of each impeller in cm\",round(n,3),round((d2*100),2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "number of stages and diameter of each impeller in cm 6.96 39.15\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch11.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch11.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..8285c578 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,493 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:ef8a83f912d8b81107a82e5afb87ec1b0700272a7362a57c794757b82a1ddfa1" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 11 : Impulse Turbine" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.1 Page No : 233" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "P = 8820.*1000\n", + "N = 600./60\n", + "H = 500.\n", + "Cv = 0.97\n", + "Cu = 0.46\n", + "no = 0.85\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Q = P/(no*w*H)\n", + "V1 = Cv*((2*g*H)**0.5)\n", + "u = Cu*V1\n", + "D = u/(3.142*N)\n", + "d = D/15\n", + "a = 3.142*d*d/4\n", + "n = Q/(a*V1)\n", + "n1 = round(n+1)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discharge in m3/sec,wheel diameter in m, jet diameter in cm, number os jets \",round(Q,6),round(D,4),round(d*100,2),n1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge in m3/sec,wheel diameter in m, jet diameter in cm, number os jets 2.115488 1.4066 9.38 4.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.2 Page No : 235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "H = 46.\n", + "Q = 1.\n", + "u1 = 15.\n", + "y = 165.\n", + "y2 = 180-y\n", + "Cv = 0.975\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "V1 = ((2*g*H)**0.5)\n", + "Vw1 = V1\n", + "Vr1 = V1-u1\n", + "Vr2 = Vr1\n", + "Vw2 = (Vr2*(math.cos(math.radians(y2))))-u1\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "P = (w*Q*(Vw1+Vw2)*u1)/(g*1000)\n", + "n = P*1000/(w*Q*H)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power developed in Kw and efficiency of the wheel\",round(P,3),round((n*100),3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power developed in Kw and efficiency of the wheel 443.571 98.296\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.3 Page No : 236" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "H = 340.\n", + "P = 4410.*1000\n", + "N = 500./60\n", + "Cv = 0.97\n", + "no = 0.86\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Q = P/(w*H*no)\n", + "V1 = Cv*(math.sqrt(2*g*H))\n", + "u = 0.45*V1\n", + "D = u/(3.142*N)\n", + "a = Q/V1\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"mean diameter in m,jet area in m2\",round(D,4),round(a,7)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mean diameter in m,jet area in m2 1.3616 0.0194058\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.4 Page No : 237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "H = 45.\n", + "Q = 50./60\n", + "u1 = 12.5\n", + "y = 160.\n", + "y2 = 180.-y\n", + "Cv = 0.97\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "V1 = Cv*((2*g*H)**0.5)\n", + "Vw1 = V1\n", + "Vr1 = V1-u1\n", + "Vr2 = Vr1\n", + "Vw2 = Vr2*(math.cos(math.radians(y2)))-u1\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "P = (w*Q*(Vw1+Vw2)*u1)/(g*1000)\n", + "nh = (2*u1*(Vw1+Vw2))/(V1*V1)\n", + "print \"power developed in Kw and hydraulic efficiency\",P,nh*100\n", + "\n", + "H1 = 50\n", + "V11 = Cv*((2*g*H1)**0.5)\n", + "Vw11 = V11\n", + "Vr11 = V11-u1\n", + "Vr21 = Vr11\n", + "Vw21 = Vr21*(math.cos(math.radians(y2)))-u1\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "P = (w*Q*(Vw11+Vw21)*u1)/(g*1000)\n", + "print \"Power developed in Kw if head is increased to 50\",P\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power developed in Kw and hydraulic efficiency 329.792686546 95.2790189845\n", + "Power developed in Kw if head is increased to 50 361.293854458\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.5 Page No : 237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "H = 50.\n", + "Q = 1.2\n", + "u1 = 18.\n", + "y = 160.\n", + "y2 = 180-y\n", + "Cv = 0.94\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "V1 = Cv*((2*g*H)**0.5)\n", + "Vw1 = V1\n", + "Vr1 = V1-u1\n", + "Vr2 = Vr1\n", + "Vw2 = Vr2*(math.cos(math.radians(y2)))-u1\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "P = (w*Q*(Vw1+Vw2)*u1)/(g*1000)\n", + "n = P*1000/(w*Q*H)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power developed in Kw and efficiency of the wheel\",P,n*100\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power developed in Kw and efficiency of the wheel 479.375537454 81.4433464923\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.6 Page No : 238" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D = 1.\n", + "N = 1000./60\n", + "H = 700.\n", + "y = 165.\n", + "y2 = 180-y\n", + "Q = 0.1\n", + "Cv = 0.97\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u = D*math.pi*N\n", + "V1 = Cv*(math.sqrt(2*g*H))\n", + "nh = (2*u*(V1-u)*(1+(math.cos(math.radians(y2)))))/(V1*V1)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"hydraulic efficiency of the wheel\",round((nh*100),2),\"%\"\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "hydraulic efficiency of the wheel 97.69 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.7 Page No : 239" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Hg = 500.\n", + "hf = Hg/3\n", + "H = Hg-hf\n", + "Q = 2.\n", + "y = 165.\n", + "y2 = 180.-y\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "Cv = 1.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "V1 = Cv*(math.sqrt(2*g*H))\n", + "u = 0.45*V1\n", + "Vr1 = V1-u\n", + "Vw1 = V1\n", + "Vr2 = Vr1\n", + "Vw2 = (Vr2*(math.cos(math.radians(y2))))-u\n", + "W = w*Q*(Vw1+Vw2)*u/g\n", + "P = W/1000\n", + "nh = 2*u*(Vw1+Vw2)/(V1*V1)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power given by the water to the runner in Kw : %.3f \\\n", + "\\nHydraulic efficiency %.2f\"%(P,(nh*100)),\"%\"\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power given by the water to the runner in Kw : 6364.292 \n", + "Hydraulic efficiency 97.31 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.8 Page No : 240" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "L = 1600.\n", + "H = 550.\n", + "Dp = 1.2\n", + "d = 0.18\n", + "f = 0.006\n", + "Cv = 0.97\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "V1 = Cv*(math.sqrt(2*g*H))\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "Q = a*V1\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "P = (w*Q*V1*V1)/(2*g*1000)\n", + "ap = math.pi*Dp*Dp/4\n", + "Vp = Q/ap\n", + "Hf = (4*f*L*Vp*Vp)/(Dp*2*g)\n", + "Tp = 4*w*Q*(H+Hf)/1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power to each jet in Kw : %.1f \\\n", + "\\ntotal power at reserviour i Kw : %.2f\"%(P,Tp)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power to each jet in Kw : 13017.1 \n", + "total power at reserviour i Kw : 56182.23\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.9 Page No : 241" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 4.\n", + "H = 250.\n", + "L = 3000.\n", + "n1 = 4.\n", + "n = 0.91\n", + "nh = 0.9\n", + "Cv = 0.975\n", + "f4 = 0.0045\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "hf = H-H*n\n", + "Hn = H-hf\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "V1 = Cv*(math.sqrt(2*g*Hn))\n", + "Pw = w*Q*V1*V1/(2*g*1000)\n", + "Pt = nh*Pw\n", + "q = Q/n1\n", + "d = math.sqrt(4*q/(3.142*V1))\n", + "D = ((f4*L*16*16)/(2*g*3.142*3.142*hf))**0.2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power developed by turbine in Kw : %.1f \\\n", + "\\ndiameter jet and diameter of pipeline\"%(Pt),round(d,4),round(D,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power developed by turbine in Kw : 7637.7 \n", + "diameter jet and diameter of pipeline 0.1398 0.9547\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch12.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch12.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..4cc892b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch12.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,449 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:0b5d1bccf0455332d8d5a07c9417496fa58f8299e63a3ce7cb14b721d96c210d" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 12 : Reaction Turbine" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.1 Page No : 250" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D1 = 0.6\n", + "D2 = 0.3\n", + "x2 = 90.\n", + "B1 = 0.15\n", + "N = 300./60\n", + "x1 = 15.\n", + "Vf1 = 3.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Vf2 = Vf1\n", + "u1 = math.pi*D1*N\n", + "u2 = math.pi*D2*N\n", + "Vw1 = Vf1/math.tan(math.radians(x1))\n", + "y1 = math.tan(math.radians(Vf1/(Vw1-u1)))\n", + "Q = math.pi*D1*B1*Vf1\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "P = w*Q*Vw1*u1/(g*1000)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"blade angles, Power developed in Kw\",round(y1,4),round(P,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "blade angles, Power developed in Kw 0.0296 89.5063\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.2 Page No : 251" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D1 = 1.\n", + "N = 200./60\n", + "B1 = 0.15\n", + "Vf1 = 3.\n", + "Vf2 = Vf1\n", + "x2 = 90.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Q = 3.142*D1*B1*Vf1\n", + "u1 = 3.142*D1*N\n", + "Vw1 = u1\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "P = (w*Q*Vw1*u1)/(g*1000)\n", + "H = (Vw1*u1/g)+(Vf2*Vf2/(2*g))\n", + "nh = Vw1*u1/(g*H)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power developed in Kw,hydraulic efficiency\",round(P,3),round((nh*100),0),\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power developed in Kw,hydraulic efficiency 155.092 96.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.3 Page No : 253" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D1 = 0.75\n", + "D2 = 0.5\n", + "x1 = 20.\n", + "Vf1 = 3.\n", + "Vf2 = 3.\n", + "B1 = 0.15\n", + "N = 250./60\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u1 = math.pi*D1*N\n", + "u2 = math.pi*D2*N\n", + "Vw1 = Vf1/math.tan(math.radians(x1))\n", + "y1 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf1/(u1-Vw1)))\n", + "y2 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf2/u2))\n", + "Q = 3.142*D1*B1*Vf1\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "P = w*Q*Vw1*u1/(g*1000)\n", + "H = (Vw1*u1/g)+(Vf2*Vf2/(2*g))\n", + "nh = Vw1*u1/(g*H)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"hydraulic efficiency : %.2f %% \\\n", + "\\npower developed in Kw : %.2f \\\n", + "\\nblade angle at inlet and outlet : %.3f and %.3f\"%(nh*100,P,y1,y2)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "hydraulic efficiency : 94.73 % \n", + "power developed in Kw : 85.81 \n", + "blade angle at inlet and outlet : 62.300 and 24.625\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.4 Page No : 254" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "H = 150.\n", + "Q = 6.\n", + "N = 400./60\n", + "D1 = 1.2\n", + "x1 = 20.\n", + "x2 = 90.\n", + "B1 = 0.1\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u1 = math.pi*D1*N\n", + "Vf1 = Q/(math.pi*D1*B1)\n", + "Vw1 = Vf1/math.tan(math.radians(x1))\n", + "Vw2 = 0\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "P = w*Q*Vw1*u1/(g*1000)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"whirl component at inlet and outlet m/s : %.5f and %d \\\n", + "\\npower developed in Kw : %.4f\"%(round(Vw1,5),Vw2,round(P,4))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "whirl component at inlet and outlet m/s : 43.72746 and 0 \n", + "power developed in Kw : 6593.9458\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.5 Page No : 256" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D1 = 0.76\n", + "D2 = 0.5\n", + "x1 = 20.\n", + "Vf1 = 4.\n", + "Vf2 = Vf1\n", + "B1 = 0.15\n", + "N = 300./60\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u1 = math.pi*D1*N\n", + "u2 = math.pi*D2*N\n", + "Vw1 = Vf1/math.tan(math.radians(x1))\n", + "y1 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf1/(u1-Vw1)))\n", + "y2 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf2/u2))\n", + "Q = 3.142*D1*B1*Vf1\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "P = w*Q*Vw1*u1/(g*1000)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"blade angle at inlet and outlet : %.2f and %.2f \\\n", + "\\npower developed in Kw : %.2f\"%(y1,y2,P)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "blade angle at inlet and outlet : 76.66 and 26.99 \n", + "power developed in Kw : 187.97\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.6 Page No : 257" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "no = 0.8\n", + "P = 147.*1000\n", + "H = 10.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u1 = 0.95*(math.sqrt(2*g*H))\n", + "Vf1 = 0.3*(math.sqrt(2*g*H))\n", + "N = 160./60\n", + "Vw2 = 0\n", + "nh = (H-(0.2*H))/H\n", + "Vw1 = nh*g*H/u1\n", + "x1 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf1/Vw1))\n", + "y1 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf1/(u1-Vw1)))\n", + "D1 = u1/(math.pi*N)\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "p = 147.*1000\n", + "Q = p/(w*H*no)\n", + "B1 = Q/(math.pi*D1*Vf1)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"guide blade angle : %.4f degrees \\\n", + "\\nwheel vane angle : %.4f degrees \\\n", + "\\ndiameter of wheel : %.7f m**3/s \\\n", + "\\nwidth of wheel at inlet in cm : %.2f\"%(x1,y1,D1,B1*100)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "guide blade angle : 35.4699 degrees \n", + "wheel vane angle : 29.5604 degrees \n", + "diameter of wheel : 1.5883803 m**3/s \n", + "width of wheel at inlet in cm : 8.93\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.7 Page No : 259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "sp = 25.*(10**6)\n", + "H = 40.\n", + "no = 0.9\n", + "P = 25.*1000\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u1 = 2*(math.sqrt(2*g*H))\n", + "Vf1 = 0.6*(math.sqrt(2*g*H))\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "Q = sp/(w*no*H)\n", + "De = (Q*4/(math.pi*Vf1*(1-(0.35**2))))**0.5\n", + "Db = 0.35*De\n", + "N = u1*60/(math.pi*De)\n", + "Ns = N*(P**0.5)/(H**1.25)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"diameter of runner and boss : %.4f and %.4f m \\\n", + "\\nspeed and specific speed of runner in r.p.m : %.2f and %.2f \"%(De,Db,N,Ns)\n", + "\n", + "# note: rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "diameter of runner and boss : 2.4720 and 0.8652 m \n", + "speed and specific speed of runner in r.p.m : 432.87 and 680.39 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.8 Page No : 260" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D = 4.5\n", + "d = 2.\n", + "P = 20608.\n", + "N = 140./60\n", + "H = 22.\n", + "nh = 0.94\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "no = 0.85\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Q = P*1000/(w*no*H)\n", + "Vf1 = Q*4/(math.pi*((D**2)-(d**2)))\n", + "u1 = math.pi*D*N\n", + "Vw1 = nh*g*H/u1\n", + "x1 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf1/Vw1))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discharge through the turbine : %.4f m**3/s \\\n", + "\\nguide blade angle at inlet : %d degrees\"%(Q,x1)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge through the turbine : 112.3376 m**3/s \n", + "guide blade angle at inlet : 55 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch2.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..7308e485 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,691 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:b1d2399b6b4acd9a65f6af74a5e09d523ac3468105509cc56b7fc106dd581d3b" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 2 : Equilibrium of Floating Bodies" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.1 Page No : 41" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 4.\n", + "w = 2.\n", + "sg = 0.75\n", + "z = 9810.\n", + "d = 0.5\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "v = l*w*d\n", + "wg = v*z*sg\n", + "s = 24000.\n", + "V = ((z*v)-wg)/s\n", + "V1 = (v*z-wg)/(s-z)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"volume in m3 when block is completely in water\",V,\"m**3\"\n", + "print \"volume in m3 when block and concrete completely under water\",round(V1,5),\"m**3\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "volume in m3 when block is completely in water 0.40875 m**3\n", + "volume in m3 when block and concrete completely under water 0.69133 m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.2 Page No : 42" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 1\n", + "s = 0.75\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "h = d*0.5\n", + "p = w*h*s \t\t\t# intensity of pressure on at horizontal interface\n", + "v = p*a \t\t\t#vertical upward force\n", + "w1 = w*s*a*d/3 \t\t\t# weight of oil in upper hemisphere\n", + "vf = v-w1 \t\t\t# net vertical upward force\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"minimum weight of upper hemisphere in N\",round(vf,4),\"N\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "minimum weight of upper hemisphere in N 963.0945 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.3 Page No : 42" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w = 90.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "# By archemde's principle\n", + "# weight of water print alced = weight of sphere\n", + "z = 9810\n", + "v = w/z\n", + "d = (v*12/3.142)**0.33333\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"external diameter of hollow of sphere in m\",round(d,4),\"m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "external diameter of hollow of sphere in m 0.3272 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.4 Page No : 43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s1 = 13.6\n", + "s2 = 7.8\n", + "s3 = 1.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "# by archimede principle\n", + "# weight of body = weight of liquid print laced\n", + "# s2 = s1*x+s3*(1-x) \n", + "x = (s2-s3)/(s1-s3)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"fraction of steel below surface of mercury\",round(x,2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "fraction of steel below surface of mercury 0.54\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.5 Page No : 43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "do = 1.25\n", + "a = math.pi*do*do*0.25\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "f1 = w*a*1\n", + "f2 = w*a*3 \t\t\t# buoyancy force of 3m lenght of pipe\n", + "di = 1.2\n", + "s = 9.8\n", + "wg = w*s*3*((1.25**2)-(1.2**2))*0.25*math.pi\n", + "fa = f2-wg\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"buoyancy force in N/m\",round(f1,3),\"N/m\"\n", + "print \"upward force on anchor\",fa,\"N\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "buoyancy force in N/m 12038.681 N/m\n", + "upward force on anchor 8367.36499746 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.6 Page No : 44" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a = 0.25\n", + "s1 = 11.5\n", + "s2 = 1.\n", + "z = 9810.\n", + "v1 = a*a*a*0.5\n", + "wc = v1*z\n", + "h = 0.016\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "# by archimede's principle\n", + "v2 = (a*0.5+h)*a*a \t\t\t# volume of cube submergerd\n", + "v = (v2-v1)/(s1-s2)\n", + "wl = v*s1*z\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"weight of lead attached\",round(wl,3),\"N\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "weight of lead attached 10.744 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.7 Page No : 45" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s1 = 19.3\n", + "s2 = 9.\n", + "x = 14./24\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "wg = x*10\n", + "wc = (1-x)*10\n", + "vg = wg/s1\n", + "vc = wc/s2\n", + "vt = vg+vc\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"volume of 10gm,14 carat gold in cm3\",round(vt,3),\"cc\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "volume of 10gm,14 carat gold in cm3 0.765 cc\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8 Page No : 46" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "h1 = 0.05\n", + "h2 = 0.015\n", + "s = 41./40\n", + "l = h1/(s-1)\n", + "w1 = 25\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "# applying bakance in vertical direction\n", + "w = w1*(l+h1)/(h2)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"weight of ship in in N\",round(w,3),\"kN\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "weight of ship in in N 3416.667 kN\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.9 Page No : 47" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w = 700.\n", + "w1 = 20000.\n", + "d = 0.5\n", + "h = 1.\n", + "wd = 250.\n", + "z = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "f = z*3.142*d*d*2*0.25/3\n", + "n = (w*4+w1)/(f-250)\n", + "n1 = round(n)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"number of drums\",n1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "number of drums 22.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.10 Page No : 47" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a = 0.12\n", + "l = 1.8\n", + "s = 0.7\n", + "z = 9810.\n", + "wp = s*a*a*l*z\n", + "v = a*a*(l-0.2)\n", + "w = v*z\n", + "t = w-wp\n", + "sp = 110000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "# applying equilibrium balance\n", + "w = t/(1-(9810/sp)) \n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"weight of lead in N\",round(w,3),\"N\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "weight of lead in N 52.733 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.11 Page No : 48" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 4.\n", + "h = 4.\n", + "s = 0.6\n", + "s1 = 1.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h1 = s*h/s1\n", + "v = 3.142*d*d*0.25*h1\n", + "x = h1/2\n", + "cog = h/2\n", + "h2 = cog-x\n", + "a = 3.142*d*d*d*d/64\n", + "bm = a/v\n", + "mh = bm-h2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"metacentric height in m,negative sign indicte that cylinder is in unstable equilibrium\",round(mh,4),\"m\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "metacentric height in m,negative sign indicte that cylinder is in unstable equilibrium -0.3833 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.12 Page No : 49" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 4.\n", + "s1 = 0.6\n", + "s2 = 0.9\n", + "l = 1.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = s1*l/s2\n", + "cob = h/2\n", + "cog = l/2\n", + "dcog = cog-cob\n", + "i = 3.142*d*d*d*d/64\n", + "v = 3.142*0.25*d*d*h\n", + "bm = i/v\n", + "bm = dcog\n", + "l = (6*1.5)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"maximium lenght of cylinder in m\",l,\"m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximium lenght of cylinder in m 3.0 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.13 Page No : 51" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s = 2.\n", + "w = 340.\n", + "v = 0.5*s*s*s\n", + "z = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "w1 = z*4\n", + "gb = s/4-s/8\n", + "i = s*s*s*s/(12)\n", + "v = 4\n", + "bm = i/v\n", + "gm = bm+gb\n", + "p = w/(w1*gm)\n", + "theta = math.degrees(math.atan(p))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"angle through which cube will tilt in minutes\",round((theta*60),3)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "angle through which cube will tilt in minutes 51.059\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.14 Page No : 51" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 60.\n", + "b = 9.\n", + "w = 16.*1000000\n", + "w1 = 160.*1000\n", + "y = 6.\n", + "q = 3.\n", + "sp = 10104.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "i = 0.75*l*b*b*b/12\n", + "v = w/sp\n", + "bm = i/v\n", + "gm = (w1*y)/(w*(math.tan(math.radians(q))))\n", + "mcd = 2-bm\n", + "cogd = gm+mcd\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"metacentric height %.3f m \"%gm\n", + "print \"position of centre of gravity below the water line %.3f m\"%cogd\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "metacentric height 1.145 m \n", + "position of centre of gravity below the water line 1.419 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.15 Page No : 53" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "w = 450000.\n", + "y = 5.5\n", + "w1 = 80.*1000000\n", + "q = 3.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "gm = (w*y)/(w1*math.tan(math.radians(q)))\n", + "p = 12.5*1000\n", + "n = 120.\n", + "T = (p*60000)/(2*math.pi*n)\n", + "z = T/(w1*gm)\n", + "theta = math.degrees(math.atan(z))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"angle of heel in degree %.4f\"%theta\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "angle of heel in degree 1.2066\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch3.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..e5e9a49f --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,604 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:0458e76e5cbaddd943b9a671e1b1b350576726b8ff19fee2507d932165451e88" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 3 : Flow of Fluids" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.1 Page No : 62" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d1 = 0.3\n", + "d2 = 0.1\n", + "z1 = 6.\n", + "z2 = 3.\n", + "p1 = 200.*1000\n", + "q1 = 0.07\n", + "a1 = math.pi*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = math.pi*d2*d2/4\n", + "v1 = q1/a1\n", + "v2 = q1/a2\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "#applying bernoulli equation\n", + "p2 = ((z1-z2)+(((v1**2)-(v2**2))/(2*g))+(p1/w))*w\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure at point B in N/m2\",round(p2,2),\"N/m**2\"\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure at point B in N/m2 190202.44 N/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.2 Page No : 63" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d1 = 1.\n", + "d2 = 0.5\n", + "q = 0.1\n", + "p1 = 70.*1000\n", + "l = 60.\n", + "z2 = 0.\n", + "z1 = l/20\n", + "a1 = math.pi*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = math.pi*d2*d2/4\n", + "v1 = q/a1\n", + "v2 = q/a2\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "g = 9.91\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "# applying bernoulli equation\n", + "p2 = ((z1-z2)+(((v1**2)-(v2**2))/(2*g))+(p1/w))*w\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"presssure at lower end in N/m2 %d\"%round(p2,3),\"N/m**2\"\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "presssure at lower end in N/m2 99309 N/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.3 Page No : 64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "d1 = 0.2\n", + "d2 = 0.1\n", + "l = 4.\n", + "x = 30.\n", + "p1 = 392.4*1000\n", + "q = 0.035\n", + "z1 = 0\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "z2 = l*math.sin(math.radians(x))\n", + "a1 = math.pi*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = math.pi*d2*d2/4\n", + "v1 = q/a1\n", + "v2 = q/a2\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "p2 = ((z1-z2)+(((v1**2)-(v2**2))/(2*g))+(p1/w))*w\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure intensity at outlet in N/m2\",round(p2,2),\"N/m**2\"\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure intensity at outlet in N/m2 363471.12 N/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.4 Page No : 65" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d1 = 0.2\n", + "d2 = 0.1\n", + "d3 = 0.15\n", + "v1 = 4\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "vh1 = (v1**2)/(2*g)\n", + "a1 = 3.142*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = 3.142*d2*d2/4\n", + "a3 = 3.142*d3*d3/4\n", + "v2 = (a1*v1)/a2\n", + "vh2 = (v2**2)/(2*g)\n", + "v3 = (a1*v1)/a3\n", + "vh3 = (v3**2)/(2*g)\n", + "q = a1*v1\n", + "mf = q*1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"velocity head at point 1\",round(vh1,3),\"m\"\n", + "print \"velocity head at point 2\",round(vh2,3),\"m\"\n", + "print \"velocity head at point 3\",round(vh3,3),\"m\"\n", + "print \"mass flow rate in kg/sec\",mf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "velocity head at point 1 0.815 m\n", + "velocity head at point 2 13.048 m\n", + "velocity head at point 3 2.577 m\n", + "mass flow rate in kg/sec 125.68\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.5 Page No : 66" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d1 = 0.2\n", + "d2 = 0.5\n", + "p1 = 98.1*1000\n", + "p2 = 58.86*1000\n", + "q = 0.2\n", + "z1 = 0\n", + "z2 = 4.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "s = 0.87\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a1 = 3.142*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = 3.142*d2*d2/4\n", + "v1 = q/a1\n", + "v2 = q/a2\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "ph1 = p1/(w*s)\n", + "ph2 = p2/(w*s)\n", + "vh1 = (v1**2)/(2*g)\n", + "vh2 = (v2**2)/(2*g)\n", + "th1 = vh1+ph1+z1\n", + "th2 = vh2+ph2+z2\n", + "tl = th1-th2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"loss of head in m,flow from 1 to 2\",round(tl,3),\"m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "loss of head in m,flow from 1 to 2 2.61 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.6 Page No : 67" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d1 = 0.3\n", + "d2 = 0.15\n", + "a1 = 3.142*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = 3.142*d2*d2/4\n", + "H = 0.18\n", + "Cd = 0.85\n", + "s2 = 13.6\n", + "s1 = 1.\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = H*((s2/s1)-1)\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "q = (Cd*a1*a2*((2*g*h)**0.5))/(((a1**2)-(a2**2))**0.5)\n", + "q1 = q*1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"rate of flow in litres/sec\",round(q1,2)\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rate of flow in litres/sec 103.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.7 Page No : 68" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "q = 0.1\n", + "d1 = 0.2\n", + "Cd = 0.9\n", + "H = 0.4\n", + "s1 = 1.\n", + "s2 = 13.6\n", + "g = 9.8\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = H*((s2/s1)-1)\n", + "a1 = math.pi*d1*d1/4\n", + "z = 1+(((Cd*a1*((2*g*h)**0.5))/q)**2)\n", + "a2 = ((a1**2)/z)**0.5\n", + "d2 = (4*a2/3.1)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"diameter of throat in m\",round(d2,3)\n", + " \n", + "# note : rounding off error. " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "diameter of throat in m 0.117\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.8 Page No : 68" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "q = 0.08\n", + "d1 = 0.3\n", + "d2 = 0.15\n", + "a1 = 3.142*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = 3.142*d2*d2/4\n", + "h = 1.5\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "z = (a1*a2*((2*g*h)**0.5))/(((a1**2)-(a2**2))**0.5)\n", + "Cd = q/z\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"co-efficient of meter\",round(Cd,3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "co-efficient of meter 0.808\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.9 Page No : 69" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s2 = 13.6\n", + "s1 = 0.9\n", + "H = 0.25\n", + "h = H*((s2/s1)-1)\n", + "Cd = 0.98\n", + "w = 9810*s1\n", + "d1 = 0.3\n", + "d2 = 0.15\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a1 = 3.142*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = 3.142*d2*d2/4\n", + "dz = 0.3\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "q = (Cd*a1*a2*((2*g*h)**0.5))/(((a1**2)-(a2**2))**0.5)\n", + "dp = (h+dz)*w\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discharge of the oil in m3/sec\",round(q,4)\n", + "print \"pressure diffrence in entrance and throat section \",dp,\"N/m**2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge of the oil in m3/sec 0.1488\n", + "pressure diffrence in entrance and throat section 33795.45 N/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.10 Page No : 70" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "H = 0.1\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "sw = 12.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = H*(w/sw)\n", + "Cv = 0.96\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "v = Cv*((2*g*h)**0.5)\n", + "v1 = v*18/5\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"speed of the plane\",round(v1,2),\"Km/hr\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of the plane 138.41 Km/hr\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.11 Page No : 71" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d1 = 0.05\n", + "d2 = 0.025\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a1 = math.pi*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = math.pi*d2*d2/4\n", + "Cd = 0.94\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "k = ((((a1**2)/(a2**2))-1)*(1-(Cd**2)))/(2*g*(a1**2)*(Cd**2))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"venturimeter constant m-5/s2\",round(k,3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "venturimeter constant m-5/s2 26123.403\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.12 Page No : 73" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d0 = 0.05\n", + "d1 = 0.1\n", + "H = 0.09\n", + "s2 = 13.6\n", + "s1 = 1\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h = H*((s2/s1)-1)\n", + "Cd = 0.65\n", + "a1 = math.pi*d1*d1/4\n", + "a0 = math.pi*d0*d0/4\n", + "q = (Cd*a1*a0*((2*g*h)**0.5))/(((a1**2)-(a0**2))**0.5)\n", + "q1 = q*(10**6)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"actual flow rate in cm3/sec\",round(q1,3),\"cm**3/s\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "actual flow rate in cm3/sec 6217.469 cm**3/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch4.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch4.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..09171b1c --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,429 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:33c973de032c4928bee62a1f4d5e7589d324d9f00e5e077d3c7727973049f86e" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 4 : Flow Through Orifices" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.2 Page No : 83" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "q = 0.0982\n", + "d = 0.12\n", + "H = 10.\n", + "x = 4.5\n", + "y = 0.54\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Vth = (2*g*H)**0.5\n", + "a = 3.142*d*d/4\n", + "Qth = Vth*a\n", + "Cd = q/Qth\n", + "Cv = ((x*x)/(4*y*H))**0.5\n", + "Cc = Cd/Cv\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"Cd ,Cv, Cc of the orifice\",round(Cd,4),round(Cv,3),round(Cc,2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cd ,Cv, Cc of the orifice 0.6198 0.968 0.64\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.3 Page No : 83" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D = 0.1\n", + "d = 0.05\n", + "q = 0.02\n", + "A = 3.142*D*D/4\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "p = 58.86*1000\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "v = q/A\n", + "Vh = (v*v)/(2*g)\n", + "Ph = p/w\n", + "Th = Ph+Vh\n", + "a = 3.142*d*d/4\n", + "Cd = q/(a*((2*g*Th)**0.5))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"co-efficient of discharge\",round(Cd,3)\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "co-efficient of discharge 0.914\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.4 Page No : 85" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Cd = 0.6\n", + "H1 = 3.\n", + "H2 = 4.\n", + "b = 2.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "Q = (2*Cd*b*((2*g)**0.5)*((H2*H2*H2)**0.5-(H1*H1*H1)**0.5))/3\n", + "q1 = Q*1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"dischsrge flow rate in litres/sec\",round(q1,1)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "dischsrge flow rate in litres/sec 9935.6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.5 Page No : 85" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 0.75\n", + "H1 = 2.25\n", + "H2 = 2.5\n", + "H = 0.5\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "Cd = 0.62\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Q = Cd*b*(H2-H1)*((2*g*H)**0.5)\n", + "Q1 = Q*1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discherge through the orifice in litres/sec\",round(Q1,1)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discherge through the orifice in litres/sec 364.1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.6 Page No : 86" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 2.\n", + "d = 3.\n", + "H1 = 4.\n", + "H2 = 7.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "H = 0.8+H1\n", + "Cd = 0.62\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "Q1 = (2*Cd*b*((2*g)**0.5)*((H*H*H)**0.5-(H1*H1*H1)**0.5))/3\n", + "Q2 = Cd*b*(H2-H)*((2*g*H)**0.5)\n", + "Q = Q1+Q2\n", + "q = Q*1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"Discharge in litres/sec\",round(q,3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Discharge in litres/sec 35687.468\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.7 Page No : 87" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 20.\n", + "b = 10.\n", + "a = l*b\n", + "H1 = 1.5\n", + "Cd = 0.62\n", + "H2 = 0\n", + "T = 5.*60\n", + "n = 4.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a1 = (2*a*((H1**0.5)-(H2**0.5)))/(Cd*T*((2*g)**0.5))\n", + "d = ((4*a1)/(3.142*n))**0.5\n", + "d1 = d*100\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"diameter of the orifice in cm\",round(d1,1)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "diameter of the orifice in cm 43.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.8 Page No : 88" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l1 = 10.\n", + "b1 = 5.\n", + "l2 = 5.\n", + "b2 = 2.5\n", + "a1 = l1*b1\n", + "a2 = l2*b2\n", + "d = 0.2\n", + "a = 3.142*d*d/4\n", + "H1 = 4.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "q = 25.\n", + "Cd = 0.62\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h1 = q/a1\n", + "h2 = q/a2\n", + "H2 = H1-h1-h2\n", + "T = (2*a1*a2*((H1)**0.5-(H2)**0.5))/(a*Cd*(a1+a2)*((2*g)**0.5))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"time taken to flow 25 m3 in sec\",round(T,1)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "time taken to flow 25 m3 in sec 179.7\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.9 Page No : 89" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Cd = 0.8\n", + "D = 2.\n", + "r = 1.\n", + "H1 = 2.\n", + "d = 0.1\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "l = 8.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "T = (4*l*((2*r)**1.5-(2*r-H1)**1.5))/(3*Cd*a*((2*g)**0.5))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"time taken for emptying the boiler in min\",round((T/60),1)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "time taken for emptying the boiler in min 18.1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.10 Page No : 89" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "r = 5.\n", + "h1 = 5.\n", + "d = 0.08\n", + "a = 0.005\n", + "h2 = h1-2\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Cd = 0.6\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "z = ((2*r*((h1**1.5)-(h2**1.5)))/3)-((((h1**2.5)-(h2**2.5)))/5)\n", + "T = (z*2*3.142)/(Cd*a*((2*g)**0.5))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"time in seconds to lower the level by 2m\",round(T,0)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "time in seconds to lower the level by 2m 5620.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch5.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch5.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..e7f23c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,495 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:3ba83c4a558b39f0e29ab129afe92e29743f0b738fbd3a8e9c39956304967803" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 5 : Notches and weirs" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.1 Page No : 98" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "q = 0.2\n", + "Cd = 0.62\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "# using the relation\n", + "z = (3*q*(2**1.5))/(2*Cd*((2*g)**0.5))\n", + "b = z**0.4\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"the lenght of the notch in cm \",round((b*100),1)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the lenght of the notch in cm 62.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.2 Page No : 98" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 1.\n", + "H = 0.15\n", + "Cd1 = 0.62\n", + "x = 90.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "Cd2 = 0.58\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Q1 = 2*Cd1*b*((2*g*H*H*H)**0.5)/3\n", + "z = (15*Q1)/(8*Cd2*((2*g)**0.5)*(math.tan(math.radians(x/2))))\n", + "H1 = z**0.4\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"the depth over the traingular veir in cm\",round((H1*100),2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the depth over the traingular veir in cm 35.98\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.3 Page No : 99" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "x = 90.\n", + "Cd = 0.62 # co-efficient\n", + "H = 0.36\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Q = (8*Cd*math.tan(math.radians(x/2))*((2*g)**0.5)*(H**2.5))/15\n", + "q = Q*1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"the actual discharge in litres/sec\",round(q,2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the actual discharge in litres/sec 113.89\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.4 Page No : 100" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "x = 90.\n", + "H = 0.2\n", + "b = 0.3\n", + "Cd = 0.62\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "q1 = (8*Cd*math.tan(math.radians(x/2))*((2*g)**0.5)*(H**2.5))/15\n", + "q2 = 2*Cd*b*((2*g*H*H*H)**0.5)/3\n", + "q = q1+q2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discharge over the trapezoidal notch in m3/sec\",round(q,6)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge over the trapezoidal notch in m3/sec 0.075327\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.5 Page No : 100" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a = 20*(10**6)\n", + "x = 0.03\n", + "q = a*x\n", + "qf = q*0.4/3600\n", + "n = 2.\n", + "H = 0.6\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "# using Francis formula \n", + "L = (qf/(1.84*(H**1.5)))+(0.1*n*H)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"the lenght of the weir in m\",round(L,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the lenght of the weir in m 78.0786\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.6 Page No : 101" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "L = 36\n", + "v1 = 2\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "H = 1.2\n", + "H1 = (v1*v1)/(2*g)\n", + "n = 2*12\n", + "w = 0.6\n", + "Nv = 11\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Lf = L-(Nv*w)\n", + "Q = 1.84*(Lf-(0.1*n*(H+H1)))*((H+H1)**1.5-(H1**1.5))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"dischsrge over the weir in m3/sec\",round(Q,3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "dischsrge over the weir in m3/sec 75.261\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.7 Page No : 102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 0.77\n", + "H = 0.39\n", + "H1 = 0.6\n", + "Dp = H+H1\n", + "Cd = 0.623\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Q = (2*Cd*l*((2*g*H*H*H)**0.5))/3\n", + "v = Q/(l*Dp)\n", + "Ha = (v*v)/(2*g)\n", + "q = (2*Cd*l*((2*g)**0.5)*(((H+Ha)**1.5)-(Ha**1.5)))/3\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discharge in m3/sec\",round(q,6)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge in m3/sec 0.357447\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.8 Page No : 103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q1 = 0.005\n", + "Cd = 0.62\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "Q2 = 0.75\n", + "h = 0.07\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "z = (Q1*15)/(8*Cd*((2*g)**0.5)*(h**2.5))\n", + "H = h*((Q2/Q1)**0.4)\n", + "W = 2*H*z\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print \"width of the water surface in m\",round(W,3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "width of the water surface in m 2.736\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.9 Page No : 104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 4.\n", + "H = 0.2\n", + "Cd = 0.62\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Q1 = 2*Cd*b*((2*g*H*H*H)**0.5)/3\n", + "Q2 = (2*Cd*((2*g)**0.5)*(H**1.5)*(b-(0.2*H)))/3\n", + "m = 0.405+(0.003/H)\n", + "Q3 = m*b*((2*g)**0.5)*(H**1.5)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discharge when end contraction are supressed in m3/sec\",round(Q1,3)\n", + "print \"discharge when end contraction are taken into account by francis formula in m3/sec\",round(Q2,4)\n", + "print \"discharge when end contraction are taken into account by bazin formula in m3/sec\",round(Q3,5)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge when end contraction are supressed in m3/sec 0.655\n", + "discharge when end contraction are taken into account by francis formula in m3/sec 0.6485\n", + "discharge when end contraction are taken into account by bazin formula in m3/sec 0.66559\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.10 Page No : 104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Cd = 0.6\n", + "x = 45.\n", + "H = 0.5\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "q1 = (8*Cd*math.tan(math.radians(x/2))*((2*g)**0.5)*(H**2.5))/15\n", + "\n", + "print \"rate of flow over the rectangular notch in m3/sec\",round(q1,5)\n", + "\n", + "dq1 = 0.025\n", + "dh = dq1*H/2.5\n", + "h1 = H+dh\n", + "h2 = H-dh\n", + "print \"limiting values of head in centimeters\",h2*100,h1*100\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rate of flow over the rectangular notch in m3/sec 0.10379\n", + "limiting values of head in centimeters 49.5 50.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.11 Page No : 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Cd = 0.6\n", + "x = 90.\n", + "q = 0.05\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "dh = 0.00025\n", + "z = (15*q)/(8*Cd*((2*g)**0.5)*(math.tan(math.radians(x/2))))\n", + "H = z**0.4\n", + "error = 2.5*(dh/H)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"the percentage error in the discharge\",round((error),5)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the percentage error in the discharge 0.00238\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch6.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch6.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..97c10a73 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,835 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:e6fd288db6f632d2f9db4681e283b542c5b7c72c7f4eb7e9aa016cd430f69af5" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 6 : Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.1 Page No : 116" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Rn = 1700.\n", + "v = 0.744*(10**-4)\n", + "d = 0.05\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "V = (Rn*v)/d\n", + "Vmax = 2*V\n", + "x = 0.00625\n", + "r = (d/2)-x\n", + "V1 = Vmax*(1-(2*r/d)**2)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"velocity at the point 6.25 mm from the wall in m/sec\",V1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "velocity at the point 6.25 mm from the wall in m/sec 2.2134\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.2 Page No : 117" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.3\n", + "p = 787.\n", + "v = 1.6*(10**-6)\n", + "Rn = 2000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "V = Rn*v/d\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "Q = a*V\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"maximum flow rate for which the flow is maximium %.3e\"%Q,\"m**3/s\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum flow rate for which the flow is maximium 7.540e-04 m**3/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.3 Page No : 118" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "vd = 8*(10**-3)*0.1\n", + "p = 996.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "vk = vd/p\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"kinematic vismath.cosity in m2/sec %.3e\"%vk\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kinematic vismath.cosity in m2/sec 8.032e-07\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.4 Page No : 118" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "u = 1.5/98.1\n", + "s = 0.81\n", + "d = 0.14\n", + "Q = 0.03\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "p = s*1000/g\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "V = Q/a\n", + "Rn = V*p*d/u\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"Rn less than 2000, flow is laminar\",round(Rn,2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Rn less than 2000, flow is laminar 1473.32\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.5 Page No : 119" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.2\n", + "Q = 0.088\n", + "l = 5.\n", + "vd = 0.01\n", + "p = 1000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "v = vd/(p*10)\n", + "a = 3.142*d*d/4\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "V = Q/a\n", + "Re = V*d/v\n", + "f = 0.0018+(0.092/(3*(Re**0.5)))\n", + "Hf = (4*f*l*V*V)/(d*2*g)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"head lost due to friction in m\",round(Hf,5)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "head lost due to friction in m 0.0736\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.6 Page No : 120" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s = 0.75\n", + "d = 0.2\n", + "l = 1000.\n", + "Q = 3/60.\n", + "f = 0.01\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "V = Q/a\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Hf = (4*f*l*V*V)/(d*2*g)\n", + "w = g*s*1000\n", + "dp = w*Hf\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure drop along its entire lenght in N/m2 %.2f\"%dp\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure drop along its entire lenght in N/m2 189977.22\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.7 Page No : 121" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.3\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "l = 400\n", + "Q = 0.3\n", + "f = 0.032\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = 3.142*d*d/4\n", + "V = Q/a\n", + "Lentrance = (0.5*V*V)/(2*g)\n", + "Hf = (4*f*l*V*V)/(d*2*g)\n", + "Lexit = (V*V)/(2*g)\n", + "Totalloss = Lentrance+Hf+Lexit\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"diffrenc in elevation in m\",round(Totalloss,2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " diffrenc in elevation in m 158.02\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.8 Page No : 112" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 40.\n", + "l1 = 20.\n", + "l2 = 20.\n", + "d1 = 0.15\n", + "d2 = 0.3\n", + "H = 8.\n", + "f = 0.01\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "h1 = (2*d2*d2)/(d1*d1)\n", + "h2 = 4*f*l1*16/d1\n", + "h3 = 9\n", + "h4 = 4*f*l2/d2\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "ht = h1+h2+h3+h4+1\n", + "V2 = (H*2*g/ht)**0.5\n", + "a2 = 3.142*d2*d2/4\n", + "Q = V2*a2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"rate of low in litres/sec\",round((Q*1000),0)\n", + "\n", + " \n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rate of low in litres/sec 86.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.9 Page No : 124" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 2000.\n", + "d = 0.2\n", + "V = 0.8\n", + "f = 0.01\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "hf = (4*f*l*V*V)/(d*2*g)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"Head loss due to friction in pipeline\",round(hf,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Head loss due to friction in pipeline 13.0479\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.10 Page No : 124" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d1 = 0.15\n", + "d2 = 0.1\n", + "Q = 0.03\n", + "a1 = math.pi*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = math.pi*d2*d2/4\n", + "V1 = Q/a1\n", + "V2 = Q/a2\n", + "c = 0.6\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "dz = (V2*V2/(2*g))-(V1*V1/(2*g))+(V2*V2/(2*g))*((1/c-1)**2)\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "dp = dz*w\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure loss across the contraction in N/m2\",round(dp,1)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure loss across the contraction in N/m2 9096.4\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.11 Page No : 125" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d1 = 0.5\n", + "d2 = 0.25\n", + "p1 = 103005.\n", + "p2 = 67689.\n", + "p3 = p2\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "c = 0.65\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "z = 1-(1./16)+((1/c-1)**2)\n", + "dp = p1-p2\n", + "v2 = ((dp*2*g)/(w*z))**0.5\n", + "a2 = math.pi*d2*d2/4\n", + "Q = v2*a2\n", + "print \"rate of flow in m3/sec\",round((Q*1000),2)\n", + "\n", + "v3 = v2\n", + "v1 = v3/4\n", + "v4 = v1\n", + "he = (v3-v4)**2/(2*g)\n", + "p4 = w*((p3/w)+((v3*v3-v4*v4)/(2*g))-he)\n", + "print \"pressure at the 50 cm enlarge section in N/m2\",round(p4,3)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rouding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rate of flow in m3/sec 372.37\n", + "pressure at the 50 cm enlarge section in N/m2 78478.522\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.12 Page No : 127" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.04\n", + "v = 2.\n", + "dp = 20000.\n", + "l = 8.\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "u = (dp*d*d)/(32*l*v)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"viscosity of the flowing oil\",u,\"N/m**2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "viscosity of the flowing oil 0.0625 N/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.13 Page No : 128" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.25\n", + "l = 12.*1000\n", + "w = 9320.\n", + "i = 1./300\n", + "v = 20.*(10**-4)\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "q = 0.015\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "V = q/a\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "Rn = V*d/v\n", + "f = 16/Rn\n", + "hf = (4*f*l*V*V)/(2*d*g)\n", + "H = hf+(i*l)\n", + "p = (w*q*H)/1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power required to pump the oil\",round(p,4),\"kW\"\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power required to pump the oil 59.1027 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.14 Page No : 129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "l = 600.\n", + "H = 160.\n", + "p = 1200.*1000\n", + "n = 0.85\n", + "f = 0.005\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "hf = H/3\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "H1 = H-hf\n", + "q = p/(w*H1*n)\n", + "d = ((f*l*q*q)/(3*hf))**0.2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"minimium diameter of the pipe in cm\",round((d*100),2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "minimium diameter of the pipe in cm 50.89\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.15 Page No : 129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.25\n", + "l = 500.\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "f = 0.006\n", + "q = 0.04\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "p2 = 250.*1000\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "V = q/a\n", + "hf = (4*f*l*V*V)/(d*2*g)\n", + "z1 = 0\n", + "z2 = 25\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "p1 = ((p2/w)+z2+hf)*w\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure at point A is N/m2\",round(p1,2),\"N/m**2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure at point A is N/m2 511186.44 N/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.16 Page No : 130" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "q = 0.15/(2.5*60)\n", + "d = 0.03\n", + "p1 = 9810.\n", + "p2 = 6867.\n", + "l = 2.\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "hf = (p1-p2)/w\n", + "a = 3.142*d*d/4\n", + "V = q/a\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "f = (hf*2*g*d)/(4*l*V*V)\n", + "C = V*((4*l)/(d*hf))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"darcy co-efficient\",round(f,3)\n", + "print \"Chezy formula\",round(C,3)\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "darcy co-efficient 0.011\n", + "Chezy formula 42.173\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.17 Page No : 131" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "a = 90.\n", + "H1 = 10.\n", + "d = 0.15\n", + "l = 400.\n", + "H2 = 7.\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "f = 0.008\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "z = 3.142*d*d*((2*g)**0.5)\n", + "z1 = (1.5+(4*f*l/d))**0.5\n", + "T = (8*a*z1*(H1**0.5-H2**0.5))/z\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"time to lower the level from 10m to 7m in hr\",round((T/3600),4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "time to lower the level from 10m to 7m in hr 3.0742\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.18 Page No : 132" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "q = 0.08\n", + "d1 = 0.25\n", + "d2 = 1.\n", + "l1 = 1500.\n", + "l2 = 1500.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a1 = math.pi*d1*d1/4\n", + "a2 = math.pi*d2*d2/4\n", + "v2 = q*4/(math.pi*((1./32)+1))\n", + "v1 = v2*0.5\n", + "q1 = v1*a1\n", + "q2 = v2*a2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"disharge through pipe in m3/sec\",round((q2*1000),2),round((q1*1000),4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "disharge through pipe in m3/sec 77.58 2.4242\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch7.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..029af32e --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,817 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:0b768eee327c152542090a0f937dd89a2c22ad814a4f647a6c9e07a61c4c86d1" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 7 : Flow Through Open Channels" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.1 Page No : 140" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 6. # m width\n", + "i = 1./1000 # slope\n", + "d = 2. # m, depth of water\n", + "C = 50 # Constant \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "A = b*d\n", + "m = A/(b+2*d)\n", + "Q = A*C*((i*m)**0.5)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"flow rate assuming chezys consmath.tant eqaul to 50 in m3/sec\",round(Q,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flow rate assuming chezys consmath.tant eqaul to 50 in m3/sec 20.7846\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.2 Page No : 140" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 5. #m wide\n", + "d = 3. #m deep\n", + "i = 1./1000 #slope \n", + "C = 55. #constant\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "A = b*d\n", + "m = A/(b+2*d)\n", + "Q = A*C*((i*m)**0.5)\n", + "v = Q/A\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"flow rate assuming chezys constant eqaul to 55 in m3/sec & velocity of flow in m/sec : \",v,Q\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flow rate assuming chezys constant eqaul to 55 in m3/sec & velocity of flow in m/sec : 2.03100960116 30.4651440174\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.3 Page No : 141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 2.5 #m wide\n", + "d = 2.5 #m depth\n", + "C = 56. #constant\n", + "A = b*(7.5+d)*0.5\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "P = 2.5+((b*b+d*d)**0.5)*2\n", + "m = A/P\n", + "i = 1./1200\n", + "Q = A*C*((m*i)**0.5)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"the diacharge through the channel in litres/sec\",round((Q*1000),4)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the diacharge through the channel in litres/sec 23093.0995\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.4 Page No : 142" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 3.5 #m, width\n", + "i = 1./1000 # slope\n", + "d = 1.5 #m, depth of flow\n", + "C = 60. # degree C\n", + "y = 60. #Constant\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "x = 1.5/math.tan(math.radians(y))\n", + "w = b+x*2\n", + "A = (w+b)*0.5*d\n", + "P = b+2*((x*x+d*d)**0.5)\n", + "m = A/P\n", + "Q = A*C*((m*i)**0.5)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discharge carried by the canal in litres/sec : %.2f\"%(Q*1000)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge carried by the canal in litres/sec : 12049.94\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.5 Page No : 142" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 9. #m, width\n", + "i = 1./3000 #slope \n", + "d = 1.2 #m, water depth\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "w = b+d\n", + "A = (w+b)*0.5*d\n", + "P = b+2*((d*d+d*d*0.25)**0.5)\n", + "m = A/P\n", + "C = 50.\n", + "V = C*((m*i)**0.5)\n", + "Q = V*A\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"average velocity of flow, rate of flow\",round(V,7),round((Q*1000),3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "average velocity of flow, rate of flow 0.9064695 10442.529\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.6 Page No : 143" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 0.1 \n", + "b = 0.6 #m, width\n", + "C = 56 # constant\n", + "d = 0.3 #m, depth of flow\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = b*d\n", + "v = Q/a\n", + "p = b+2*d\n", + "m = a/p\n", + "i = (v*v)/(C*C*m)\n", + "k = a*C*(m**0.5)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"bottom slope neccessary for uniform flow,conveyance of the channel section\",round(i,7),round(k,7)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "bottom slope neccessary for uniform flow,conveyance of the channel section 0.0006561 3.9039672\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.7 Page No : 144" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "i = 1./1000 #slope\n", + "d = 1.5 #m, depth of water\n", + "Cd = 0.55 #co-effient\n", + "a = d*d\n", + "C = 40. # constant\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "m = d\n", + "Q = a*C*((d*i)**0.5)\n", + "H = (3*Q/(Cd*2*((2*g)**0.5)))**0.4\n", + "height = d+3-H\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"height of the dam in m\",round(height,3)\n", + "\n", + "# note : book answer is wrong. kindly check." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "height of the dam in m 3.143\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.8 Page No : 145" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 1.4 #m, width\n", + "d = 1.4 #m, depth\n", + "n = 1./4 # side slope \n", + "i = 1./700 #bad slope\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "N = 0.025\n", + "a = d*(b+(n*d))\n", + "p = b+(2*d*((n*n+1)**0.5))\n", + "m = a/p\n", + "q = (a*(m**0.6666)*(i**0.5))/N\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discharge from the trapezoidal channel in litres/sec\",round((q*1000),3)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge from the trapezoidal channel in litres/sec 2551.276\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.9 Page No : 146" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 0.3 #m**3/s rate\n", + "D = 1.5 #m diameter\n", + "N = 0.02 #N \n", + "A = 3.142*D*D/(4*2)\n", + "p = 3.142*D/2\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "m = A/p\n", + "i = ((Q*N)/(A*(m**0.6666)))**2\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"the slope of the sewer\",round(i,7)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the slope of the sewer 0.0001705\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.10 Page No : 147" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D = 2.4 #m diameter\n", + "d = 1.5 #m, depth of water \n", + "i = 1./1500 #gradient \n", + "N = 0.02 # N Manning formula\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = (d-(D/2))/(D/2)\n", + "z = math.degrees(math.acos(a))\n", + "z1 = math.radians(180 - z)\n", + "P = D*z1\n", + "A = D*D*0.25*(z1-(math.sin(2*z1)/2))\n", + "m = A/P\n", + "Q = (A*(m**0.6666)*(i**0.5))/N\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"the discharge through the sewer in m**3/s : %.5f\"%Q\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the discharge through the sewer in m**3/s : 2.96839\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.11 Page No : 148" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 1.5 #m, wide\n", + "d = 0.8 #m, depth\n", + "Q = 0.75 #m**3/s\n", + "i = 1./2500 #slope \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "A = b*d\n", + "P = b+(2*d)\n", + "m = A/P\n", + "C = Q/(((m*i)**0.5)*A)\n", + "z = (157.6/C)-1.81\n", + "K = z*(m**0.5)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"Chezys constant and coefficient of roughness\",round(C,2),round(K,3)\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Chezys constant and coefficient of roughness 50.23 0.826\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.12 Page No : 149" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 10. #m wide\n", + "d = 4. #m, depth of water\n", + "i = 1./1000 #slope\n", + "N = 0.03 #N Kutter's fprmula\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "A = b*d\n", + "P = b+(2*d)\n", + "m = A/P\n", + "z1 = 23+(0.00155/i)+(1/N)\n", + "z2 = 1+((23+(0.00155/i))*(N/(m**0.5)))\n", + "C = z1/z2\n", + "Q = A*C*((m*i)**0.5)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"discharge through the recmath.tangular channel in litres/sec\",round((Q*1000),3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "discharge through the recmath.tangular channel in litres/sec 73053.236\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.13 Page No : 150" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "b = 4. #m wide\n", + "d = 1.5 #m, depth of water\n", + "i = 1./1000 #slope\n", + "C = 55. # constant\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "A = b*d\n", + "P = b+(2*d)\n", + "m = A/P\n", + "Q = A*C*((m*i)**0.5)\n", + "d1 = (A/2)**0.5\n", + "b1 = d1*2\n", + "print \"the new dimension of the channel\",round(b1,3),round(d1,3)\n", + "\n", + "P1 = b1+(2*d1)\n", + "m1 = A/P1\n", + "Q1 = A*C*((m1*i)**0.5)\n", + "Qf = Q1-Q\n", + "print \"increase in discharge in m3/sec\",round(Qf,3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the new dimension of the channel 3.464 1.732\n", + "increase in discharge in m3/sec 0.05\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.14 Page No : 151" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "i = 1./2500 #slope\n", + "N = 0.02 # N, Manning's formula \n", + "Q = 14. #m**3/s\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "n = 1./(math.radians(math.tan(60)))\n", + "a = (3**0.5)\n", + "d = ((Q*N*(2**0.6666))/((i**0.5)*a))**(3./8)\n", + "b = d*2/(3**0.5)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"dimension of the channel\",round(b,4),round(d,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "dimension of the channel 3.0065 2.6037\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.15 Page No : 152" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 20.2 #m**3/s\n", + "i = 1./2500 #slope\n", + "C = 60. #Constant \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "n = 1./(math.radians(math.tan(60)))\n", + "a = (3**0.5)\n", + "d = ((Q*(2**0.5))/(C*a*(i**0.5)))**0.4\n", + "b = 2*d/(a)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"dimension of the cross section in m\",round(b,4),round(d,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "dimension of the cross section in m 3.294 2.8527\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.16 Page No : 153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 10. #m**3/s\n", + "V = 2. #m/s, velocity\n", + "A = Q/V \n", + "n = 1. #m length \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "d = (A/1.828)**0.5\n", + "b = 0.828*d\n", + "A1 = (b+(2*d*((n*n+1)**0.5)))\n", + "print \"area in m2 of lining required for 1m canal lenght\",round(A1,3)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "area in m2 of lining required for 1m canal lenght 6.047\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.17 Page No : 154" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "n = 1. \n", + "Q = 14. #m**3/s\n", + "i = 1./1000 #slope\n", + "C = 44. #constant\n", + "a = 1.828 \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "d = ((Q*(2**0.5))/(C*a*(i**0.5)))**0.4\n", + "b = d*0.828\n", + "cost = (b+n*d)*4\n", + "A = 1.828*d*d\n", + "C1 = 70.\n", + "d1 = ((Q*(2**0.5))/(C1*a*(i**0.5)))**0.4\n", + "b1 = 0.828*d1\n", + "cost1 = (b1+n*d1)*4\n", + "costl = (b1+(2*d1*((n*n+1)**0.5)))\n", + "totalcost = cost1+costl\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"lined channel is cheaper ,dimension in m\",round(b1,4),round(d1,3)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "lined channel is cheaper ,dimension in m 1.5626 1.887\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.18 Page No : 156" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 1.2 #m diameter\n", + "i = 1./1500 #slope \n", + "C = 52. #constant\n", + "z = 1.9-1./1 \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "z1 = math.acos(z)\n", + "x = math.pi-z1\n", + "A = d*d*0.25*(x-(math.sin(2*x)/2))\n", + "P = d*x\n", + "m = A/P\n", + "Q = A*C*((m*i)**0.5)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"the maximium discharge through the channel in litres/sec\",round((Q*1000),3)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the maximium discharge through the channel in litres/sec 873.637\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch8.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch8.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..829a5e5d --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,759 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:a6125783e5c667dece42915a12b250cb19816611a67eefd7aa139b1763963ae5" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 8 : Impact of Jets" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.1 Page No : 164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "V = 25. #m/s velocity\n", + "F = 300. # N\n", + "g = 9.81 \n", + "p = 1000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "w = g*p\n", + "A = (F*g)/(w*V*V)\n", + "V1 = 35\n", + "F1 = (w*A*V1*V1)/(g)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"force in N on the plate if the velocity of the jet is increased to 35 m/sec\",F1\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "force in N on the plate if the velocity of the jet is increased to 35 m/sec 588.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.2 Page No : 164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.05 # mm water \n", + "V = 15. #m/s velocity\n", + "g = 9.81 \n", + "p1 = 1000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "w = g*p1\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "F = (w*a*V*V)/g\n", + "u = 5\n", + "F1 = (w*a*((V-u)**2))/g\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"force in N on plate if plate is stationary\",round(F,3),\"N\"\n", + "print \"force in N on plate if plate is moving in the direction of the jet\",round(F1,2),\"N\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "force in N on plate if plate is stationary 441.786 N\n", + "force in N on plate if plate is moving in the direction of the jet 196.35 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.3 page no : 165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.03 #m diameter\n", + "Fx = 900 # N \n", + "x = 30. #degree angle \n", + "g = 9.81 \n", + "w = g*1000\n", + "a = 3.142*d*d/4\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "V = ((Fx*g)/(w*a*math.sin(math.radians(x))*math.sin(math.radians(x))))**0.5\n", + "Q = a*V\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"rate of flow in m3/sec\",round((Q*1000),2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rate of flow in m3/sec 50.45\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.4 Page No : 166" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.02 #m diameter\n", + "V = 20. #m/s, velocity \n", + "x = 15. #degree angle\n", + "g = 9.81 \n", + "p1 = 1000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "w = g*p1\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "W = (w*a*V*V)/(g*math.sin(math.radians(x)))\n", + "F1 = (w*a*V*V)/(2*g)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"weight of the plate in N\",round(W,3),\"N\"\n", + "print \"force in N required at the lower edge of the plate : %.4f\"%F1,\"N\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "weight of the plate in N 485.527 N\n", + "force in N required at the lower edge of the plate : 62.8319 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.5 Page No : 167" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.05 #m diameter\n", + "V = 20. #m/s velocity \n", + "y = 120. #degree angle\n", + "x = 180.-y \n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "p1 = 1000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "w = g*p1\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "F = (w*a*V*V*(1+math.cos(math.radians(x))))/(g)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"force in N exerted by the water jet %.4f\"%F,\"N\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "force in N exerted by the water jet 1178.0972 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.6 Page No : 167" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.05 #m diameter\n", + "V = 20. #m velocity\n", + "u = 7. #m/s \n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4 \n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "p1 = 1000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "w = g*p1\n", + "F = (w*a*V*V)/g\n", + "F1 = (w*a*((V-u)**2))/g\n", + "work = F1*u\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"force in N if plate is fixed \",F\n", + "print \"force in N if plate is moving with a velocity of 7 m/sec\",round(F1,2)\n", + "print \"work done per sec by the jet\",round(work,3)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "force in N if plate is fixed 785.398163397\n", + "force in N if plate is moving with a velocity of 7 m/sec 331.83\n", + "work done per sec by the jet 2322.815\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.7 Page No : 168" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "W = 58.86 #N weighing\n", + "d = 0.02 #m diameter \n", + "V = 5. #m/s velocity\n", + "z = 0.15 #m axis \n", + "g = 9.81 \n", + "p1 = 1000. \n", + "w = g*p1\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "F = (w*a*V*V)/g\n", + "cog = 0.1\n", + "x = 30\n", + "P = (F*z)/cog\n", + "F1 = ((P*cog*(math.cos(math.radians(x))))+(W*cog*(math.sin(math.radians(x)))))\n", + "V1 = ((F1*g)/(w*a))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"velocity in m/sec of the jet if the plate is deflected through 30 degree\",round(V1,2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "velocity in m/sec of the jet if the plate is deflected through 30 degree 3.55\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.8 Page No : 169" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "V = 25. #m velocity\n", + "u = 10. #m velocity \n", + "q = 0.001 #m**3/s\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "p1 = 1000.\n", + "w = g*p1\n", + "x = 180. #degree \n", + "u1 = 8. #m velocity\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "F1 = (w*q/g)*V*(1-math.cos(math.radians(x)))\n", + "F2 = (w*q*((V-u)**2)*(1-math.cos(math.radians(x))))/(g*V)\n", + "F3 = (w*q*(V-u1)*(1-math.cos(math.radians(x))))/g\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"force of jet in N when,the cup is stationary,the cup is moving with velocity of 10m/sec,series of cup with velocity of 8m/sec\" ,\\\n", + "F1,F2,F3\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "force of jet in N when,the cup is stationary,the cup is moving with velocity of 10m/sec,series of cup with velocity of 8m/sec 50.0 18.0 34.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.9 Page No : 170" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "x1 = 30. #m/s velocity\n", + "V1 = 30. #degree \n", + "Q = 0.001 \n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "w = g*1000.\n", + "Vf1 = V1*math.sin(math.radians(x1))\n", + "Vw1 = V1*math.cos(math.radians(x1))\n", + "u = 15.\n", + "x2 = 120.\n", + "y1 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf1/(Vw1-u)))\n", + "Vr1 = ((Vf1*Vf1)+((Vw1-u)**2))**0.5\n", + "z = u*math.sin(math.radians(x2))/Vr1\n", + "y2 = 60-math.degrees(math.asin(z))\n", + "V2 = Vr1*math.sin(math.radians(y2))/math.sin(math.radians(x2))\n", + "Vw2 = V2*math.cos(math.radians(x2/2))\n", + "W = (w*Q*(Vw1+Vw2)*u)/g\n", + "n = W*2/(V1*V1)\n", + "print \"angle of vane : %.3f degrees \\\n", + "\\nwork done of water entering the vane : %.3f Nm/s \\\n", + "\\nefficiency : %.2f %%\"%(y2,W,n*100)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "angle of vane : 15.670 degrees \n", + "work done of water entering the vane : 433.194 Nm/s \n", + "efficiency : 96.27 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.10 Page No : 172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 0.283 #m**3/s, flow of water \n", + "d = 0.05 #m diameter\n", + "x = 170. #angle \n", + "u = 48. #m/s velocity \n", + "g = 9.81 \n", + "p1 = 1000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "w = g*p1\n", + "a = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "V1 = Q/a\n", + "Vw1 = V1\n", + "Vr1 = V1-u\n", + "x1 = 0\n", + "Vr2 = Vr1\n", + "Vw2 = (Vr2*math.cos(math.radians(180-x)))-u\n", + "Fx = (w*a*(V1-u)*(Vw1+Vw2))/g\n", + "P = Fx*u/1000\n", + "n = (P*1000*g*2)/(w*Q*V1*V1)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"force exerted by the jet : %.3f N \\\n", + "\\npower developed by the vane : %.4f kW \\\n", + "\\nefficiency : %.1f %%\"%(Fx,P,(n*100))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "force exerted by the jet : 36014.111 N \n", + "power developed by the vane : 1728.6773 kW \n", + "efficiency : 58.8 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.11 Page No : 174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "y1 = 30. #angle\n", + "y2 = 15. #angle \n", + "a = 13.*(10**-4) #cm**2 \n", + "x1 = 15. #incline\n", + "V1 = 60. #m/s area moving \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Vf1 = V1*math.sin(math.radians(y2))\n", + "Vw1 = V1*math.cos(math.radians(y2))\n", + "u = Vw1-(Vf1/math.tan(math.radians(y1)))\n", + "Vw2 = u-(Vf1*math.cos(math.radians(y2))/math.sin(math.radians(y1)))\n", + "Vf2 = (u-Vw2)*math.tan(math.radians(y2))\n", + "V2 = (Vf2*Vf2+Vw2*Vw2)**0.5\n", + "x2 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf2/Vw2))\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "p1 = 1000\n", + "w = g*p1\n", + "Fx = (w*a*V1*(Vw1-Vw2))/g\n", + "Fy = (w*a*V1*(V1*math.sin(math.radians(y2))-V2*math.sin(math.radians(x2))))/g\n", + "Fr = (Fx*Fx+Fy*Fy)**0.5\n", + "o = math.degrees(math.atan(Fy/Fx))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"velocity of the vane : %.4f m/s \\\n", + "\\ndirection of velocity at exit : %.4f m/s \\\n", + "\\nresultant force : %.4f N \\\n", + "\\nangle between forces : %.1f degrees\"%(u,V2,Fr,o)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "velocity of the vane : 31.0583 m/s \n", + "direction of velocity at exit : 8.1078 m/s \n", + "resultant force : 4476.2818 N \n", + "angle between forces : 7.5 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.12 Page No : 177" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "V1 = 13. # m/s\n", + "y1 = 30. \n", + "y2 = y1\n", + "u = 4.5 # m/s\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "p1 = 1000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "w = g*p1\n", + "Q = 0.001\n", + "x1 = math.degrees(math.acos(0.9394))\n", + "Vw1 = V1*math.cos(math.radians(x1))\n", + "Vr1 = (Vw1-u)/math.cos(math.radians(y1))\n", + "Vw2 = Vr1*math.cos(math.radians(y1))-u\n", + "Vf2 = Vr1*math.sin(math.radians(y1))\n", + "V2 = (Vf2*Vf2+Vw2*Vw2)**0.5\n", + "x2 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf2/Vw2))\n", + "W = (w*Q*(Vw1+Vw2)*u)/g\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"direction of velocity : %.3f \\\n", + "\\nvelocity of water at exit : %.3f m/s \\\n", + "\\ndirection of work : %.3f \\\n", + "\\nmagnitude of work done per kg of water : %.3f\"%(x1,V2,x2,W)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off errors." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "direction of velocity : 20.049 \n", + "velocity of water at exit : 5.490 m/s \n", + "direction of work : 54.193 \n", + "magnitude of work done per kg of water : 69.410\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.13 Page No : 179" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "V1 = 40. #m/s velocity\n", + "u = 12. #m/s \n", + "x1 = 20. #angle\n", + "x2 = 90. #velocity \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Vw1 = V1*math.cos(math.radians(x1))\n", + "Vf1 = V1*math.sin(math.radians(x1))\n", + "y1 = math.degrees(math.atan(Vf1/(Vw1-u)))\n", + "Vr1 = Vf1/math.sin(math.radians(y1))\n", + "Vr2 = 0.9*Vr1\n", + "y2 = math.degrees(math.acos(u/Vr2))\n", + "W = 1*Vw1*u\n", + "n = W/(V1*V1*0.5*1)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"vane angle at the exit : %.4f and %.4f \\\n", + "\\nwork done on the vane per kg of water : %.4f N m/s\\\n", + "\\nefficiency : %.2f %%\"%(y1,y2,W,(n*100))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "vane angle at the exit : 28.1318 and 62.6435 \n", + "work done on the vane per kg of water : 451.0525 N m/s\n", + "efficiency : 56.38 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.14 Page No : 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.05 #m diameter\n", + "V1 = 25. #m/s velocity \n", + "x1 = 30. #angle\n", + "x = 50. #angle\n", + "x2 = x1+x\n", + "g = 10. #m/s**2\n", + "p1 = 1000.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = 3.142*d*d/4\n", + "w = g*p1\n", + "Fx = (w*a*V1*V1*(math.cos(math.radians(x1))-math.cos(math.radians(x2))))/g\n", + "Fy = (w*a*V1*V1*(math.sin(math.radians(x1))-math.sin(math.radians(x2))))/g\n", + "F = (Fx*Fx+Fy*Fy)**0.5\n", + "z = math.degrees(math.atan(-Fy/Fx))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"resultant force %.3f and %.3f \\\n", + "\\nangle made by the resultant force with the horizontal : %.4f\"%(round(Fy,3),round(Fx,3),round(z,4))\n", + "\n", + "# note : It seems book answers are wrong. Kindly check." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resultant force -595.026 and 849.785 \n", + "angle made by the resultant force with the horizontal : 35.0000\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 44 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.15 Page No : 182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "x1 = 0. \n", + "x2 = 60. # angle\n", + "V1 = 30. #m/s velocity\n", + "V2 = 25. #m/s velocity \n", + "m = 0.8 #Kg/s nozzle \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Fx = m*((V1*math.cos(math.radians(x1)))-(V2*math.cos(math.radians(x2))))\n", + "Fy = m*((V1*math.sin(math.radians(x1)))-(V2*math.sin(math.radians(x2))))\n", + "R = (Fx*Fx+Fy*Fy)**0.5\n", + "z = math.degrees(math.atan(-Fy/Fx))\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"magnitude and direction of resultant force :\",round(R,3),round(z,4)\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "magnitude and direction of resultant force : 22.271 51.0517\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch9.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch9.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..e132d464 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_and_Hydraulic_Machines/ch9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,403 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:04bb97393d5fbbef8189e63f66336b0ac299ced6d9fe7802df79f548f7068027" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 9 : Reciprocating Pump" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.1 Page No : 191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D = 0.15 # cm\n", + "S = 0.25 # cm\n", + "N = 50. # r.p.m\n", + "Hs = 5. # m\n", + "Hd = 15 # m\n", + "ns = .6 \n", + "deltaD = 0.75\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "suction = w*math.pi*D**2*Hs/(4*ns) \n", + "delivery = (w*math.pi*D**2*Hd)/(4*deltaD)\n", + "p_required = ((suction+delivery)*S*N)/(1000*60)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"Power required by the pump : %.4f kW\"%p_required\n", + "\n", + "# note : book answer is wrong." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power required by the pump : 1.0233 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.2 page no : 192" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D = 0.18\n", + "s = 0.36\n", + "Hs = 3.\n", + "Hd = 45.\n", + "N = 50.\n", + "n = 0.85\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = math.pi*D*D/4\n", + "Q = (2*a*s*N)/60\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "w = g*1000\n", + "P = w*Q*(Hs+Hd)/(n*1000)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power in kw required to drive the pump : %.3f\"%P\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power in kw required to drive the pump : 8.458\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.3 pageno : 192" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D = 0.15\n", + "s = 0.3\n", + "Hs = 3.\n", + "Hd = 30.\n", + "n = 0.8\n", + "a = math.pi*D*D/4\n", + "N = 60./60\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "Q = 0.62/60\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Qth = (2*a*s*N)\n", + "slip = (Qth-Q)/Qth\n", + "power = (w*Qth*(Hs+Hd))/(1000*n)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"power in Kw required to drive the pump : %.2f kW \\\n", + "\\npercentage slip : %.3f %%\"%(round(power,2),round((slip*100),2))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power in Kw required to drive the pump : 4.29 kW \n", + "percentage slip : 2.540 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.4 Page No : 193" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D = 0.15 #mm\n", + "s = 0.3 #mm \n", + "N = 50./60 #r.p.m \n", + "H = 25. #m, height\n", + "Qact = 0.0042 #liter/s \n", + "Ld = 22. #m long \n", + "d = 0.1 #mm \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "a = math.pi*D*D/4\n", + "Qth = a*s*N\n", + "w = 9810\n", + "power = w*Qth*H/1000\n", + "slip = (Qth-Qact)/Qth\n", + "W = 2*math.pi*N\n", + "a1 = math.pi*d*d/4\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "Had = (Ld*a*W*W*s)/(g*a1*2)\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"theoritical discharge : %.8f m**3/s \\\n", + "\\ntheoritical power : %.5f kW \\\n", + "\\npercentage slip : %.2f %% \\\n", + "\\nacceleration head : %.2f m\"%(Qth,round(power,5),round((slip*100),2),round(Had,2))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "theoritical discharge : 0.00441786 m**3/s \n", + "theoritical power : 1.08348 kW \n", + "percentage slip : 4.93 % \n", + "acceleration head : 20.75 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.5 Page No : 194" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "s = 0.15 #m, strok length\n", + "Ls = 7. #7 pipe\n", + "ds = 0.075 #cylinder \n", + "N = 75./60 \n", + "Hs = 2.5 #m, water level\n", + "z = 16./9 \n", + "f = 0.01\n", + "W = 2*math.pi*N\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "Has = Ls*z*W*W*ds/g\n", + "H = Hs+Has\n", + "H1 = Has-Hs\n", + "Hfs = (4*f*Ls/(ds*2*g))*((z*W*ds)**2)\n", + "H2 = Hfs+Hs\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure head:beginning of suction stroke : %.4f m \\\n", + "\\nend of the suction stroke : %.4f m \\\n", + "\\nmiddle of the suction stroke : %.4f m\"%(round(H,4),round(H1,4),round(H2,4))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure head:beginning of suction stroke : 8.3688 m \n", + "end of the suction stroke : 3.3688 m \n", + "middle of the suction stroke : 2.7087 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.6 Page No : 196" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "D = 0.08 #m diameter\n", + "s = 0.15 #m stroke \n", + "Hs = 3. # water for sump\n", + "ds = 0.03 #diameter \n", + "g = 9.81 \n", + "Ls = 4.5 \n", + "p = 78.86*(1000) #kN/m**2 \n", + "w = 9810. \n", + "W = 2*math.pi/60\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "z = (D/ds)**2\n", + "Hsep = p/w\n", + "Habs = 10.3-Hsep\n", + "Has = Hsep-Hs\n", + "N = ((Has*g*2)/(z*W*W*s*Ls))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"maximium speed in rpm at which may run without separation\",round(N,2),\"r.p.m\"\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximium speed in rpm at which may run without separation 43.34 r.p.m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.7 Page No : 197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Hs = 5.\n", + "Ls = 10.\n", + "D = 0.15 #m diameter\n", + "d = 0.1 \n", + "N = 30./60\n", + "s = 0.15 #m delivery head\n", + "g = 9.81\n", + "W = 2*math.pi*N\n", + "w = 9810.\n", + "ha = 10.3\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations \n", + "z = (D/d)**2\n", + "H = (Ls*z*W*W*s/g)\n", + "Ph = Hs+H\n", + "Phabs = ha-Ph\n", + "f = 0.01\n", + "Hfs = (4*f*Ls/(d*2*g))*((z*W*s)**2)\n", + "H1 = Hs+Hfs\n", + "H1abs = ha-H1\n", + "H2 = Hs-H\n", + "H2abs = ha-H2\n", + "Hd = 15.\n", + "Ld = 25.\n", + "H11 = (Ld*z*W*W*s/g)\n", + "H12 = H11+Hd\n", + "H12abs = ha+H12\n", + "Hfd = (4*f*Ld/(d*2*g))*((z*W*s)**2)\n", + "H22 = Hd+Hfd\n", + "H22abs = ha+H22\n", + "H3 = Hd-H11\n", + "H3abs = ha+H3\n", + "a = 3.142*D*D/4\n", + "Q = a*s*2*N\n", + "power = (w*Q*(Hs+Hd+(0.6666*Hfs)+Hfd*0.6666))/1000\n", + "\n", + "# Results \n", + "print \"pressure head at middle and end of suction stroke\",round(H1abs,4),round(H2abs,4)\n", + "print \"pressure head at beginning,middle,end of suction stroke\",round(H12abs,4),round(H22abs,3),round(H3abs,4)\n", + "print \"power in Kw required to drive the pump\",round(power,3)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pressure head at middle and end of suction stroke 5.0708 8.6955\n", + "pressure head at beginning,middle,end of suction stroke 33.7888 25.873 16.8112\n", + "power in Kw required to drive the pump 0.534\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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