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+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "Chapter7"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": "7: Superconductivity"
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": "Example number 7.1, Page number 152"
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": "#To calculate the critical field\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nTc=3.722; #critical temperature(K)\nT=2; #temperature(K)\nBc_0=0.0305; #critical field(T)\n\n#Calculation\nBc_T=Bc_0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); #critical field at 2K(T)\nBc_T = math.ceil(Bc_T*10**4)/10**4; #rounding off the value of Bc_T to 4 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The critical field at 2K is\",Bc_T, \"T\"",
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": "The critical field at 2K is 0.0217 T\n"
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": "Example number 7.2, Page number 152"
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": "#To calculate the frequency of Josephson current\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nV = 1; #DC voltage applied across the Josephson junction(micro-volt)\ne = 1.6*10**-19; #Charge on an electron(C)\nh = 6.626*10**-34; #Planck's constant(Js)\n\n#Calculation\nV = V*10**-6; #DC voltage applied across the Josephson junction(V)\nf = 2*e*V/h; #Frequency of Josephson current(Hz)\nf = f*10**-6; #Frequency of Josephson current(MHz)\nf = math.ceil(f*10**2)/10**2; #rounding off the value of f to 2 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The frequency of Josephson current is\",f, \"MHz\"",
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": "The frequency of Josephson current is 482.95 MHz\n"
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": "Example number 7.3, Page number 152"
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": "#To calculate the superconducting energy gap\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nT_c = 0.517; #Critical temperature for cadmium(K)\nk = 1.38*10**-23; #Boltzmann constant(J/K)\ne = 1.6*10**-19; #Energy equivalent of 1 eV(J/eV)\n\n#Calculation\nE_g = 3.5*k*T_c/e; #Superconducting energy gap at absolute zero(eV)\nE_g = E_g*10**4;\nE_g = math.ceil(E_g*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off the value of E_g to 3 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The superconducting energy gap for Cd at absolute zero is\",E_g,\"*10**-4 eV\"",
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": "The superconducting energy gap for Cd at absolute zero is 1.561 *10**-4 eV\n"
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": "Example number 7.4, Page number 152"
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": "#To calculate the wavelength of photon\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\ne = 1.6*10**-19; #Energy equivalent of 1 eV(J/eV)\nc = 3*10**8; #Speed of light in free space(m/s)\nh = 6.626*10**-34; #Planck's constant(Js)\nE_g = 1.5*10**-4; #Superconducting energy gap for a material(eV)\n\n#Calculation\n#As E_g = h*new = h*c/lamda, solving for lambda\nlamda = h*c/(E_g*e); #Wavelength of photon to break up a Cooper-pair(m)\nlamda = lamda*10**3;\nlamda = math.ceil(lamda*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off the value of lamda to 3 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The wavelength of photon to break up a Cooper-pair is\",lamda,\"*10**-3 m\"",
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": "The wavelength of photon to break up a Cooper-pair is 8.283 *10**-3 m\n"
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": "Example number 7.5, Page number 153"
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": "#To calculate the London penetration depth of lead\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nlambda_0 = 37; #Penetration depth of lead at 0 kelvin(nm)\nT_c = 7.193; #Critical temperature of superconducting transition for lead(kelvin)\nT = 5.2; #Temperature at which penetration depth for lead becomes lambda_T(kelvin) \n\n#Calculation\nlambda_T = lambda_0*(1-(T/T_c)**4)**(-1/2); #Penetration depth of lead at 5.2 kelvin(nm)\nlambda_T = math.ceil(lambda_T*10)/10; #rounding off the value of lamda_T to 1 decimal\n\n#Result\nprint \"The penetration depth of lead is\",lambda_T, \"nm\"",
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": "The penetration depth of lead is 43.4 nm\n"
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": "Example number 7.6, Page number 153"
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": "#To calculate the mass of isotope of mercury\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nM1 = 199; #Mass of an isotope of mercury(amu)\nT_C1 = 4.185; #Transition temperature of the isoptope of Hg(K)\nT_C2 = 4.153; #Transition temperature of another isoptope of Hg(K)\nalpha = 0.5; #Isotope coefficient\n\n#Calculation\nM2 = M1*(T_C1/T_C2)**(1/alpha); #Mass of another isotope of mercury(amu)\nM2 = math.ceil(M2*100)/100; #rounding off the value of M2 to 2 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The mass of another isotope of mercury is\",M2, \"amu\"",
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": "The mass of another isotope of mercury is 202.08 amu\n"
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": "",
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+} \ No newline at end of file
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