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Diffstat (limited to 'Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb')
| -rw-r--r-- | Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb | 177 |
1 files changed, 156 insertions, 21 deletions
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb index 5b1859d1..cd558c19 100644 --- a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb +++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ { "metadata": { - "name": "Chapter7" + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:7187247d22d4e816cffb8e16cb739591c46b8ff453a1af7a76514de7cc4fae35" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, @@ -11,25 +12,48 @@ "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, - "source": "7: Superconductivity" + "source": [ + "7: Superconductivity" + ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, - "source": "Example number 7.1, Page number 152" + "source": [ + "Example number 7.1, Page number 152" + ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, - "input": "#To calculate the critical field\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nTc=3.722; #critical temperature(K)\nT=2; #temperature(K)\nBc_0=0.0305; #critical field(T)\n\n#Calculation\nBc_T=Bc_0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); #critical field at 2K(T)\nBc_T = math.ceil(Bc_T*10**4)/10**4; #rounding off the value of Bc_T to 4 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The critical field at 2K is\",Bc_T, \"T\"", + "input": [ + " \n", + "#importing modules\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Tc=3.722; #critical temperature(K)\n", + "T=2; #temperature(K)\n", + "Bc_0=0.0305; #critical field(T)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Bc_T=Bc_0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); #critical field at 2K(T)\n", + "Bc_T = math.ceil(Bc_T*10**4)/10**4; #rounding off the value of Bc_T to 4 decimals\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The critical field at 2K is\",Bc_T, \"T\"" + ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", - "text": "The critical field at 2K is 0.0217 T\n" + "text": [ + "The critical field at 2K is 0.0217 T\n" + ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 @@ -38,19 +62,42 @@ "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, - "source": "Example number 7.2, Page number 152" + "source": [ + "Example number 7.2, Page number 152" + ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, - "input": "#To calculate the frequency of Josephson current\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nV = 1; #DC voltage applied across the Josephson junction(micro-volt)\ne = 1.6*10**-19; #Charge on an electron(C)\nh = 6.626*10**-34; #Planck's constant(Js)\n\n#Calculation\nV = V*10**-6; #DC voltage applied across the Josephson junction(V)\nf = 2*e*V/h; #Frequency of Josephson current(Hz)\nf = f*10**-6; #Frequency of Josephson current(MHz)\nf = math.ceil(f*10**2)/10**2; #rounding off the value of f to 2 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The frequency of Josephson current is\",f, \"MHz\"", + "input": [ + " \n", + "#importing modules\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "V = 1; #DC voltage applied across the Josephson junction(micro-volt)\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; #Charge on an electron(C)\n", + "h = 6.626*10**-34; #Planck's constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "V = V*10**-6; #DC voltage applied across the Josephson junction(V)\n", + "f = 2*e*V/h; #Frequency of Josephson current(Hz)\n", + "f = f*10**-6; #Frequency of Josephson current(MHz)\n", + "f = math.ceil(f*10**2)/10**2; #rounding off the value of f to 2 decimals\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The frequency of Josephson current is\",f, \"MHz\"" + ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", - "text": "The frequency of Josephson current is 482.95 MHz\n" + "text": [ + "The frequency of Josephson current is 482.95 MHz\n" + ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 @@ -59,19 +106,41 @@ "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, - "source": "Example number 7.3, Page number 152" + "source": [ + "Example number 7.3, Page number 152" + ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, - "input": "#To calculate the superconducting energy gap\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nT_c = 0.517; #Critical temperature for cadmium(K)\nk = 1.38*10**-23; #Boltzmann constant(J/K)\ne = 1.6*10**-19; #Energy equivalent of 1 eV(J/eV)\n\n#Calculation\nE_g = 3.5*k*T_c/e; #Superconducting energy gap at absolute zero(eV)\nE_g = E_g*10**4;\nE_g = math.ceil(E_g*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off the value of E_g to 3 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The superconducting energy gap for Cd at absolute zero is\",E_g,\"*10**-4 eV\"", + "input": [ + " \n", + "#importing modules\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "T_c = 0.517; #Critical temperature for cadmium(K)\n", + "k = 1.38*10**-23; #Boltzmann constant(J/K)\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; #Energy equivalent of 1 eV(J/eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "E_g = 3.5*k*T_c/e; #Superconducting energy gap at absolute zero(eV)\n", + "E_g = E_g*10**4;\n", + "E_g = math.ceil(E_g*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off the value of E_g to 3 decimals\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The superconducting energy gap for Cd at absolute zero is\",E_g,\"*10**-4 eV\"" + ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", - "text": "The superconducting energy gap for Cd at absolute zero is 1.561 *10**-4 eV\n" + "text": [ + "The superconducting energy gap for Cd at absolute zero is 1.561 *10**-4 eV\n" + ] } ], "prompt_number": 8 @@ -80,19 +149,42 @@ "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, - "source": "Example number 7.4, Page number 152" + "source": [ + "Example number 7.4, Page number 152" + ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, - "input": "#To calculate the wavelength of photon\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\ne = 1.6*10**-19; #Energy equivalent of 1 eV(J/eV)\nc = 3*10**8; #Speed of light in free space(m/s)\nh = 6.626*10**-34; #Planck's constant(Js)\nE_g = 1.5*10**-4; #Superconducting energy gap for a material(eV)\n\n#Calculation\n#As E_g = h*new = h*c/lamda, solving for lambda\nlamda = h*c/(E_g*e); #Wavelength of photon to break up a Cooper-pair(m)\nlamda = lamda*10**3;\nlamda = math.ceil(lamda*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off the value of lamda to 3 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The wavelength of photon to break up a Cooper-pair is\",lamda,\"*10**-3 m\"", + "input": [ + " \n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; #Energy equivalent of 1 eV(J/eV)\n", + "c = 3*10**8; #Speed of light in free space(m/s)\n", + "h = 6.626*10**-34; #Planck's constant(Js)\n", + "E_g = 1.5*10**-4; #Superconducting energy gap for a material(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#As E_g = h*new = h*c/lamda, solving for lambda\n", + "lamda = h*c/(E_g*e); #Wavelength of photon to break up a Cooper-pair(m)\n", + "lamda = lamda*10**3;\n", + "lamda = math.ceil(lamda*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off the value of lamda to 3 decimals\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The wavelength of photon to break up a Cooper-pair is\",lamda,\"*10**-3 m\"" + ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", - "text": "The wavelength of photon to break up a Cooper-pair is 8.283 *10**-3 m\n" + "text": [ + "The wavelength of photon to break up a Cooper-pair is 8.283 *10**-3 m\n" + ] } ], "prompt_number": 12 @@ -101,19 +193,40 @@ "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, - "source": "Example number 7.5, Page number 153" + "source": [ + "Example number 7.5, Page number 153" + ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, - "input": "#To calculate the London penetration depth of lead\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nlambda_0 = 37; #Penetration depth of lead at 0 kelvin(nm)\nT_c = 7.193; #Critical temperature of superconducting transition for lead(kelvin)\nT = 5.2; #Temperature at which penetration depth for lead becomes lambda_T(kelvin) \n\n#Calculation\nlambda_T = lambda_0*(1-(T/T_c)**4)**(-1/2); #Penetration depth of lead at 5.2 kelvin(nm)\nlambda_T = math.ceil(lambda_T*10)/10; #rounding off the value of lamda_T to 1 decimal\n\n#Result\nprint \"The penetration depth of lead is\",lambda_T, \"nm\"", + "input": [ + " \n", + "#importing modules\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "lambda_0 = 37; #Penetration depth of lead at 0 kelvin(nm)\n", + "T_c = 7.193; #Critical temperature of superconducting transition for lead(kelvin)\n", + "T = 5.2; #Temperature at which penetration depth for lead becomes lambda_T(kelvin) \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lambda_T = lambda_0*(1-(T/T_c)**4)**(-1/2); #Penetration depth of lead at 5.2 kelvin(nm)\n", + "lambda_T = math.ceil(lambda_T*10)/10; #rounding off the value of lamda_T to 1 decimal\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The penetration depth of lead is\",lambda_T, \"nm\"" + ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", - "text": "The penetration depth of lead is 43.4 nm\n" + "text": [ + "The penetration depth of lead is 43.4 nm\n" + ] } ], "prompt_number": 13 @@ -122,19 +235,41 @@ "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, - "source": "Example number 7.6, Page number 153" + "source": [ + "Example number 7.6, Page number 153" + ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, - "input": "#To calculate the mass of isotope of mercury\n\n#importing modules\nfrom __future__ import division\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nM1 = 199; #Mass of an isotope of mercury(amu)\nT_C1 = 4.185; #Transition temperature of the isoptope of Hg(K)\nT_C2 = 4.153; #Transition temperature of another isoptope of Hg(K)\nalpha = 0.5; #Isotope coefficient\n\n#Calculation\nM2 = M1*(T_C1/T_C2)**(1/alpha); #Mass of another isotope of mercury(amu)\nM2 = math.ceil(M2*100)/100; #rounding off the value of M2 to 2 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The mass of another isotope of mercury is\",M2, \"amu\"", + "input": [ + " \n", + "#importing modules\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "M1 = 199; #Mass of an isotope of mercury(amu)\n", + "T_C1 = 4.185; #Transition temperature of the isoptope of Hg(K)\n", + "T_C2 = 4.153; #Transition temperature of another isoptope of Hg(K)\n", + "alpha = 0.5; #Isotope coefficient\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "M2 = M1*(T_C1/T_C2)**(1/alpha); #Mass of another isotope of mercury(amu)\n", + "M2 = math.ceil(M2*100)/100; #rounding off the value of M2 to 2 decimals\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The mass of another isotope of mercury is\",M2, \"amu\"" + ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", - "text": "The mass of another isotope of mercury is 202.08 amu\n" + "text": [ + "The mass of another isotope of mercury is 202.08 amu\n" + ] } ], "prompt_number": 16 @@ -142,7 +277,7 @@ { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, - "input": "", + "input": [], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] |