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diff --git a/Elements_of_Electromagnetics/chapter_14.ipynb b/Elements_of_Electromagnetics/chapter_14.ipynb
index 1a5d389b..fcb4fac5 100644
--- a/Elements_of_Electromagnetics/chapter_14.ipynb
+++ b/Elements_of_Electromagnetics/chapter_14.ipynb
@@ -1,172 +1,160 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "chapter_14.ipynb"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "<h1>Chapter 14: Modern Topics<h1>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 14.1, Page number: 643<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "'''\n",
- "The following S-parameters are obtained for a microwave transistor operating \n",
- "at 2.5 GHz: S11 = 0.85 / 30\u00b0 ,S12 = 0.07 /56\u00b0 , S21 = 1.68 /120\u00b0 , \n",
- "S22 = O.85 /-40 . Determine the input reflection coefficient when ZL=Zo=75 ohm. '''\n",
- "\n",
- "import scipy\n",
- "import cmath\n",
- "from numpy import *\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable Declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "S11=0.85*scipy.e**(-30j*scipy.pi/180)\n",
- "S12=0.07*scipy.e**(56j*scipy.pi/180)\n",
- "S21=1.68*scipy.e**(120j*scipy.pi/180)\n",
- "S22=0.85*scipy.e**(-40j*scipy.pi/180)\n",
- "Zl=75 \n",
- "Zo=75\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "\n",
- "Tl=(Zl-Zo)/(Zl+Zo)\n",
- "Ti=S11+(S12*S21*Tl)/(1-S22*Tl) #reflection coefficient\n",
- "Timod=abs(Ti) #mod of Ti\n",
- "Tiang=scipy.arctan(Ti.imag/Ti.real)*180/scipy.pi #argument of Ti in degrees\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "\n",
- "print 'input reflection coefficient =',Timod,'/',Tiang,'degrees'"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "input reflection coefficient = 0.85 / -30.0 degrees\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 1
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 14.2, Page number: 654<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "'''\n",
- "A step-index fiber has a core diameter of 80 micro m, a core refractive index \n",
- "of 1.62, and a numerical aperture of 0.21. Calculate: \n",
- "(a) the acceptance angle, (b) the refractive index that the fiber can \n",
- "propagate at a wavelength of 0.8 micro m, (c) the number of modes that the\n",
- "fiber can propagate at a wavelength of 0.8 micro m.'''\n",
- "\n",
- "import scipy\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable Declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "d=80*(10)**-6 #diameter in m\n",
- "n1=1.62 #core refractive index\n",
- "NA=0.21 #numerical aperture\n",
- "L=8*(10)**-7 #wavelength in m\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "\n",
- "P=scipy.arcsin(NA)*180/scipy.pi #acceptance angle\n",
- "n2=scipy.sqrt(n1**2-NA**2) #refractive index\n",
- "V=(scipy.pi*d/L)*scipy.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)\n",
- "N=V**2/2 #number of modes\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "\n",
- "print 'Acceptance angle =',round(P,2),'degrees'\n",
- "print 'Refractive index =',round(n2,3)\n",
- "print 'No. of modes =',round(N,0)\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Acceptance angle = 12.12 degrees\n",
- "Refractive index = 1.606\n",
- "No. of modes = 2176.0\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 2
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 14.3, Page number: 655<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "'''\n",
- "Light pulses propagate through a fiber cable with an attenuation of 0.25 dB/km.\n",
- "Determine the distance through which the power of pulses is reduced by 40%. '''\n",
- "\n",
- "import scipy\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable Declaration\n",
- "\n",
- "a=0.25 #in dB/km\n",
- "P=1-0.4 #strength of pulse im %\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "\n",
- "l=(10/a)*scipy.log(1/P)/scipy.log(10) #distance in km\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "\n",
- "print 'distance through which the power is reduced by 40% =',round(l,3),'km'"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "distance through which the power is reduced by 40% = 8.874 km\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 3
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:8b3ccd88c7aadd311b6269c4809d3b632a222a912e8231c54428ad90a16f0d12"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h1>Chapter 14: Modern Topics<h1>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 14.1, Page number: 643<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "import scipy\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "from numpy import *\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "S11=0.85*scipy.e**(-30j*scipy.pi/180)\n",
+ "S12=0.07*scipy.e**(56j*scipy.pi/180)\n",
+ "S21=1.68*scipy.e**(120j*scipy.pi/180)\n",
+ "S22=0.85*scipy.e**(-40j*scipy.pi/180)\n",
+ "Zl=75 \n",
+ "Zo=75\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Tl=(Zl-Zo)/(Zl+Zo)\n",
+ "Ti=S11+(S12*S21*Tl)/(1-S22*Tl) #reflection coefficient\n",
+ "Timod=abs(Ti) #mod of Ti\n",
+ "Tiang=scipy.arctan(Ti.imag/Ti.real)*180/scipy.pi #argument of Ti in degrees\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print 'input reflection coefficient =',Timod,'/',Tiang,'degrees'"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "input reflection coefficient = 0.85 / -30.0 degrees\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 14.2, Page number: 654<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "import scipy\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "d=80*(10)**-6 #diameter in m\n",
+ "n1=1.62 #core refractive index\n",
+ "NA=0.21 #numerical aperture\n",
+ "L=8*(10)**-7 #wavelength in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "P=scipy.arcsin(NA)*180/scipy.pi #acceptance angle\n",
+ "n2=scipy.sqrt(n1**2-NA**2) #refractive index\n",
+ "V=(scipy.pi*d/L)*scipy.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)\n",
+ "N=V**2/2 #number of modes\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print 'Acceptance angle =',round(P,2),'degrees'\n",
+ "print 'Refractive index =',round(n2,3)\n",
+ "print 'No. of modes =',round(N,0)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Acceptance angle = 12.12 degrees\n",
+ "Refractive index = 1.606\n",
+ "No. of modes = 2176.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 14.3, Page number: 655<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "import scipy\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "a=0.25 #in dB/km\n",
+ "P=1-0.4 #strength of pulse im %\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "l=(10/a)*scipy.log(1/P)/scipy.log(10) #distance in km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print 'distance through which the power is reduced by 40% =',round(l,3),'km'"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "distance through which the power is reduced by 40% = 8.874 km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
} \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2025-04-08 13:38:45 +0000