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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 21 : Optoelectronic Devices"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 21.1, Page No 947"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "r=3.0\n",
+      "Os=25.0\n",
+      "area=0.25\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea=Os/(4.0*3.14*(r)**2)\n",
+      "Tf=Ea*area\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\" total flux is %3.3fW \" %Tf)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " total flux is 0.055W \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 21.3, Page No 951"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "Vcc=9.0\n",
+      "Vf=1.6\n",
+      "Vb=7.0\n",
+      "hFE=100.0\n",
+      "Vce=0.2\n",
+      "Ic=10.0*10**-3\n",
+      "Vbe=0.7\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R2=(Vcc-Vf-Vce)/Ic\n",
+      "R2=680#use standard value\n",
+      "Ic=(Vcc-Vf-Vce)/R2\n",
+      "Ib=Ic/hFE\n",
+      "Rb=(Vb-Vbe)/Ib\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"The value of Rb is %d kohm\" %(Rb/1000))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of Rb is 59 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 21.4 Page No 952"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "Vcc=5.0\n",
+      "N=(3*7.0)+(1.0*2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "It=N*10.0*10**-3\n",
+      "P=It*Vcc\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"The value of power is %.2f W\" %P)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of power is 1.15 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 21.5, Page No 957"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "Rc=1.0*10**3\n",
+      "I=10.0*10**-3\n",
+      "E=30.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R1=E/I -Rc\n",
+      "R1=1.8*10**3#use standard value\n",
+      "print(\" when dark Rc=100Kohm\")\n",
+      "Rc=100*10**3\n",
+      "I=E/(R1+Rc)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"The value of I is %.2f mA\" %(I*10**3))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " when dark Rc=100Kohm\n",
+        "The value of I is 0.29 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 21.6 Page No 958"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Vee=6.0\n",
+      "Vbe=0.7\n",
+      "Ib=200.0*10**-6\n",
+      "Vb=0.7\n",
+      "Vcc=6.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(\"when cell is dark Rc=100Kohm\")\n",
+      "Rc=100.0*10**3\n",
+      "Vrc=Vee+Vbe\n",
+      "Irc=Vrc/Rc\n",
+      "Ir1=Irc+Ib\n",
+      "Vr1=Vcc-Vb\n",
+      "R1=Vr1/Ir1\n",
+      "R1=18.0*10**3#use standard value\n",
+      "print(\" when Q1 is off\")\n",
+      "Vr1=6.0\n",
+      "Vrc=6.0\n",
+      "Ir1=Vr1/R1\n",
+      "Rc=Vrc/Ir1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"The value of Rc is %d kohm\" %(Rc/1000))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "when cell is dark Rc=100Kohm\n",
+        " when Q1 is off\n",
+        "The value of Rc is 18 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file