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Diffstat (limited to 'Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits')
24 files changed, 9692 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d1e6834d --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,773 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter No.1: Special Diodes"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.1, Page No. 9"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Reverse Saturation current of diode\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "I=40*10**-3 #forword bias current in A\n",
+ "V=0.25 #forword bias voltage in Volt\n",
+ "T=20 #junction temperature in degree C\n",
+ "T=T+273 #junction temperature in degree K\n",
+ "ETA=1 #For Ge\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #in Coulamb(electronic charge)\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23 #in J/K(Boltzman Constant)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : I=Io*(exp(e*V/(ETA*k*T))-1)\n",
+ "x=math.ceil((e*V/(ETA*k*T)))\n",
+ "Io=I/(math.exp(x)-1)\n",
+ "Io=math.ceil(Io*10**8)/10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Reverse saturation current in micro Ampere : %.2f \"%(Io*10**6))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Reverse saturation current in micro Ampere : 1.82 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.2, Page No. 9"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of forword voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Io=10*10**-6 # reverse saturation currrent in A\n",
+ "I=1 # forword current in Ampere\n",
+ "ETA=2 # For Si\n",
+ "T=27 # room temperature in degree C\n",
+ "T=T+273 # room temperature in degree K\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # in Coulamb(electronic charge)\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23 # in J/K(Boltzman Constant)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : I=Io*(exp(%e*V/(ETA*k*T))-1)\n",
+ "V=(ETA*k*T/e)*math.log(I/(Io)+1)\n",
+ "V=math.floor(V*100)/100\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Forward Voltage across the diode in Volt :%.2f\"%V)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Forward Voltage across the diode in Volt :0.59\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.3 , Page No. 23"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#DC Current, DC Voltage, Ripple Factor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "RL=1 #load resistance in kOhm\n",
+ "#rf<<RL\n",
+ "Vrms=200 #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "Vo=Vrms*math.sqrt(2) #in volt\n",
+ "Idc=Vo/(RL*10**3*math.pi) #in Ampere\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nDC current in load in mA :%.0f\"%(math.floor((Idc*10**3))))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "Vdc=RL*10**3*Idc #in Volt\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nDC voltage across load in volt :%.0f\"%(math.floor(Vdc)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii)\n",
+ "#Gamma=sqrt((Irms/Idc)^2-1)=sqrt((Io/2)/(Io/%pi)-1)=sqrt((%pi/2)^2-1)\n",
+ "Gamma=math.sqrt((math.pi/2)**2-1) #unitless\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nRipple factor :%.2f \"%(math.floor(Gamma*100)/100))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iv)\n",
+ "PIV=Vrms*math.sqrt(2) #in volt\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iv)\\nPeak Inverse Voltage in volt :%.0f\"%(math.floor(PIV)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "DC current in load in mA :90\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "DC voltage across load in volt :90\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Ripple factor :1.21 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iv)\n",
+ "Peak Inverse Voltage in volt :282\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.4 , Page No. 23"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Average dc current rms current rectifcation efcieny PIV\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "rf=20.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "RL=980.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "Vrms=50.0 #in Volt\n",
+ "Vo=Vrms*math.sqrt(2) #in Volt\n",
+ "Io=Vo/(RL+rf) #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "Idc=2*Io/math.pi #in Ampere\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nAverage DC current in mA :%.0f\"%(math.floor(Idc*10**3)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "Irms=Io/math.sqrt(2) #in Ampere\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nrms value of load current in mA :%.0f\"%(math.ceil(Irms*1000)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii)\n",
+ "Vdc=RL*Idc #in Volt\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nDC output voltage in volt :%.1f\"%(math.floor(Vdc*10)/10))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iv)\n",
+ "ETA=(Idc**2*RL/(Irms**2*(RL+rf)))*100 #Rectification Efficiency in %\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iv)\\nRectification Efficiency is %.1f%%\"%(math.ceil(ETA*10)/10))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (v)\n",
+ "PIV=2*Vo #in volt\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(v)\\nPeak Inverse Voltage in volt :%.1f\"%PIV)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Average DC current in mA :45\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "rms value of load current in mA :50\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "DC output voltage in volt :44.1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iv)\n",
+ "Rectification Efficiency is 79.5%\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(v)\n",
+ "Peak Inverse Voltage in volt :141.4\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 38
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.5, Page No.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Minimum value of resistance\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vin=40 #in volt\n",
+ "VZ=10 #in volt\n",
+ "Vo=10 #in volt\n",
+ "IZmax=50 #in mA\n",
+ "IL=0 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : I=IZ+IL=IZmax+0\n",
+ "I=IZmax+0 #in mA\n",
+ "#Formula : VZ=Vin-R*I\n",
+ "Rmin=(Vin-VZ)/(I*10**-3) #in Ohm\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum value of resistance in Ohm :%.0f \"%Rmin)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum value of resistance in Ohm :600 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.6, Page No.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of series resistor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Vmin=15 #Minimum input voltage in volt\n",
+ "VZ=6.8 #Voltage across zener in volt\n",
+ "Vo=VZ #output voltage in volt\n",
+ "Vsr1=Vmin-Vo #Voltage aross series resistance in volt\n",
+ "print(\"If R is the series resistance, Total current in series resistance in Ampere : I=Vsr/R=8.2/R \")\n",
+ "ILmin=5 #in mA\n",
+ "print(\"current in zener diode in Ampere :IZ=I-IL=(8.2/R-IL*10-3).............eqn(1)\\n\");\n",
+ "Vmax=20 #mximum output voltage\n",
+ "Vo=VZ #output voltage in volt\n",
+ "Vsr2=Vmax-Vo #Voltage aross series resistance in volt\n",
+ "print(\"Current in series resistance circuit in Ampere : I=Vsr/R\\n\")\n",
+ "ILmax=15 #in mA\n",
+ "print(\"current in zener diode in Ampere :IZ=I-IL=(Rs/R-IL*10-3)..............eqn(2)\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"For Zener diode to work as voltage regulator,(1) and (2) must be same.\");\n",
+ "print(\"(8.2/R-IL*10-3)=(13.2/R-IL*10-3)\")\n",
+ "R=(Vsr2-Vsr1)/(ILmax*10**-3-ILmin*10**-3) #in Ohm\n",
+ "print(\"\\nRequired value of Series Resistor in ohm : %.0f\"%R)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "If R is the series resistance, Total current in series resistance in Ampere : I=Vsr/R=8.2/R \n",
+ "current in zener diode in Ampere :IZ=I-IL=(8.2/R-IL*10-3).............eqn(1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Current in series resistance circuit in Ampere : I=Vsr/R\n",
+ "\n",
+ "current in zener diode in Ampere :IZ=I-IL=(Rs/R-IL*10-3)..............eqn(2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For Zener diode to work as voltage regulator,(1) and (2) must be same.\n",
+ "(8.2/R-IL*10-3)=(13.2/R-IL*10-3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Required value of Series Resistor in ohm : 500\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 51
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.7 Page No.27"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Current limiting resistance and dissipated power\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vin=18 #in volt\n",
+ "IZ=20 #in mA\n",
+ "ILav=(5+35)/2 #in mA\n",
+ "VZ=12 #in volt\n",
+ "Vo=12 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "I=IZ+ILav #in mA\n",
+ "R=(Vin-Vo)/(I*10**-3) #in Ohm\n",
+ "P=(I*10**-3)**2*R #in Watts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Current limiting resistance in Ohm : %.0f\"%R);\n",
+ "print(\"Power disspation in resistance in Watt :%.2f \"%P);"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current limiting resistance in Ohm : 150\n",
+ "Power disspation in resistance in Watt :0.24 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 45
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.8, Page No. 28"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Maximum and minimum input supply voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "R=1 #in kOhm\n",
+ "RL=5 #in kOhm\n",
+ "VZ=10 #in volt\n",
+ "Vo=10 #in volt\n",
+ "P=250 #in mW\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "IL=Vo/RL #in mA\n",
+ "IZmin=0 #in mA\n",
+ "IZmax=P/VZ #in mA\n",
+ "Imin=IZmin+IL #in mA\n",
+ "Imax=IZmax+IL #in mA\n",
+ "Vin_min=VZ+Imin*10**-3*R*10**3 #in volt\n",
+ "Vin_max=VZ+Imax*10**-3*R*10**3 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The input voltage ranges from %.0fV to %.0fV\"%(Vin_min,Vin_max));"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The input voltage ranges from 12V to 37V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 53
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.9, Page No.28"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Output voltage voltage drop and current in zener diode\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "R=5 #in kOhm\n",
+ "R=R*1000 #in Ohm\n",
+ "RL=10.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "RL=RL*1000 #in Ohm\n",
+ "Vin=120.0 #in Volt\n",
+ "VZ=50.0 #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "Vo=VZ #in Volt\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(i)\\nOutput voltage in volt :%.0f\"%Vo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "VR=Vin-VZ #in Volt\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nVoltage drop across series resistance in volt :%.0f\"%VR);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "IL=Vo/RL #in Ampere\n",
+ "I=VR/R #in Ampere\n",
+ "IZ=I-IL #in Ampere\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nLoad Current in mA :%.0f\"%(IL*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Current through resistance R in mA :%.0f\"%(I*1000));\n",
+ "print(\"Load Current in mA :%.0f\"%(IZ*1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Output voltage in volt :50\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Voltage drop across series resistance in volt :70\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Load Current in mA :5\n",
+ "Current through resistance R in mA :14\n",
+ "Load Current in mA :9\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 61
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.10, Page No. 30"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Maximum and Minimum LED current\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "VDmin=1.5 #in Volt\n",
+ "VDmax=2.3 #in Volt\n",
+ "VS=5.0 #in Volt\n",
+ "RS=270.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Imin=(VS-VDmax)/RS #in Ampere\n",
+ "Imax=(VS-VDmin)/RS #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum value of LED current in mA : %.0f\"%(Imin*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Maximum value of LED current in mA : %.0f\"%(math.ceil(Imax*1000)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum value of LED current in mA : 10\n",
+ "Maximum value of LED current in mA : 13\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 65
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.11, Page No. 33"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Frequency range of tuning circuit\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#VAriable declarion\n",
+ "C1min=10 #in pF\n",
+ "C2max=50 #in pF\n",
+ "L=5 #in mH\n",
+ "L=L*10**-3 #in H\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : CT=C1*C2/(C1+C2)\n",
+ "#Minimum\n",
+ "C1=10 #in pF\n",
+ "C2=10 #in pF\n",
+ "CTmin=C1*C2/(C1+C2) #in pF\n",
+ "CTmin=CTmin*10**-12 #in F\n",
+ "#Maximum\n",
+ "C1=50 #in pF\n",
+ "C2=50 #in pF\n",
+ "CTmax=C1*C2/(C1+C2) #in pF\n",
+ "CTmax=CTmax*10**-12 #in F\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C))\n",
+ "#maximum :\n",
+ "fmax=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*CTmin));\n",
+ "#minimum :\n",
+ "fmin=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*CTmax));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The frequency of tuning circuit ranges from %.3fMHz to %.3fMHz.\"%(fmin/10**6,fmax/10**6));\n",
+ "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The frequency of tuning circuit ranges from 0.450MHz to 1.007MHz.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 68
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.12, page No.33"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Diode Capacitance\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "C1=21.0 # in pF\n",
+ "V1=4.0 # in volt\n",
+ "V2=9.0 # in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "print(\"C is proportional to 1/sqrt(V)\")\n",
+ "print(\"So, C2/C1=sqrt(V1/V2)\")\n",
+ "C2=math.sqrt(V1/V2)*C1 #in pF\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"At reverse bias 9V, Diode capacitance in pF : %.0f\"%math"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "C is proportional to 1/sqrt(V)\n",
+ "So, C2/C1=sqrt(V1/V2)\n",
+ "At reverse bias 9V, Diode capacitance in pF : 14\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 72
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.13, Page No.39"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Photocurrent\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "R=0.90 #in A/W\n",
+ "Pop=1.0 #in mW\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "IP=R*Pop #in mA\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nPower of incident light 1mW, Photocurrent in mA is :%.2f\"%IP);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nHere IP is not proportional to Pop(for Pop>1.5mW)\")\n",
+ "print(\"Hence Photourrent can not be calculated.\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Power of incident light 1mW, Photocurrent in mA is :0.90\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Here IP is not proportional to Pop(for Pop>1.5mW)\n",
+ "Hence Photourrent can not be calculated.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 74
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.14, Page No. 39"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "ETA=70.0 #in %\n",
+ "Eg=0.75 #in eV\n",
+ "Eg=Eg*1.6*10**-19 #in Joule\n",
+ "h=6.63*10**-34 #Planks constant in J-s\n",
+ "c=3*10**8 #speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #in coulamb\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calcualtions\n",
+ "lambda1=h*c/Eg #in meter\n",
+ "R=(ETA/100)*e*lambda1/(h*c) #in A/W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Wavelength in nm :%.1f\"%(lambda1*10**9))\n",
+ "print(\"Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode in A/W :%.3f\"%R)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength in nm :1657.5\n",
+ "Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode in A/W :0.933\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 78
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.15, Page No. 41"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Equilibrium contact potential\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "W1=2.5 #in eV\n",
+ "W2=1.9 #in eV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "ContactPotential=W1-W2 #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Contact potential in Volts :%.1f \"%ContactPotential)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Contact potential in Volts :0.6 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 80
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..68c49a6c --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter No.11: Multivibrators"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.1, Page No.323"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Frequency of Oscillators\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=15 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=15 #in kohm\n",
+ "C1=0.005 #in uF\n",
+ "C2=0.005 #in uF\n",
+ "R=R1; #in Kohm\n",
+ "C=C1 #in uF\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "T=0.69*(R*10**3*C*10**-6+R*10**3*C*10**-6) #in second\n",
+ "f=1/T #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Frequency of oscillators in KHz : %.2f\"%(f*10**-3));"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequency of oscillators in KHz : 9.66\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..68c49a6c --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_11_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter No.11: Multivibrators"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.1, Page No.323"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Frequency of Oscillators\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=15 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=15 #in kohm\n",
+ "C1=0.005 #in uF\n",
+ "C2=0.005 #in uF\n",
+ "R=R1; #in Kohm\n",
+ "C=C1 #in uF\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "T=0.69*(R*10**3*C*10**-6+R*10**3*C*10**-6) #in second\n",
+ "f=1/T #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Frequency of oscillators in KHz : %.2f\"%(f*10**-3));"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequency of oscillators in KHz : 9.66\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d1e6834d --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_1_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,773 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter No.1: Special Diodes"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.1, Page No. 9"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Reverse Saturation current of diode\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "I=40*10**-3 #forword bias current in A\n",
+ "V=0.25 #forword bias voltage in Volt\n",
+ "T=20 #junction temperature in degree C\n",
+ "T=T+273 #junction temperature in degree K\n",
+ "ETA=1 #For Ge\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #in Coulamb(electronic charge)\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23 #in J/K(Boltzman Constant)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : I=Io*(exp(e*V/(ETA*k*T))-1)\n",
+ "x=math.ceil((e*V/(ETA*k*T)))\n",
+ "Io=I/(math.exp(x)-1)\n",
+ "Io=math.ceil(Io*10**8)/10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Reverse saturation current in micro Ampere : %.2f \"%(Io*10**6))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Reverse saturation current in micro Ampere : 1.82 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.2, Page No. 9"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of forword voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Io=10*10**-6 # reverse saturation currrent in A\n",
+ "I=1 # forword current in Ampere\n",
+ "ETA=2 # For Si\n",
+ "T=27 # room temperature in degree C\n",
+ "T=T+273 # room temperature in degree K\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # in Coulamb(electronic charge)\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23 # in J/K(Boltzman Constant)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : I=Io*(exp(%e*V/(ETA*k*T))-1)\n",
+ "V=(ETA*k*T/e)*math.log(I/(Io)+1)\n",
+ "V=math.floor(V*100)/100\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Forward Voltage across the diode in Volt :%.2f\"%V)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Forward Voltage across the diode in Volt :0.59\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.3 , Page No. 23"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#DC Current, DC Voltage, Ripple Factor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "RL=1 #load resistance in kOhm\n",
+ "#rf<<RL\n",
+ "Vrms=200 #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "Vo=Vrms*math.sqrt(2) #in volt\n",
+ "Idc=Vo/(RL*10**3*math.pi) #in Ampere\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nDC current in load in mA :%.0f\"%(math.floor((Idc*10**3))))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "Vdc=RL*10**3*Idc #in Volt\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nDC voltage across load in volt :%.0f\"%(math.floor(Vdc)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii)\n",
+ "#Gamma=sqrt((Irms/Idc)^2-1)=sqrt((Io/2)/(Io/%pi)-1)=sqrt((%pi/2)^2-1)\n",
+ "Gamma=math.sqrt((math.pi/2)**2-1) #unitless\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nRipple factor :%.2f \"%(math.floor(Gamma*100)/100))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iv)\n",
+ "PIV=Vrms*math.sqrt(2) #in volt\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iv)\\nPeak Inverse Voltage in volt :%.0f\"%(math.floor(PIV)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "DC current in load in mA :90\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "DC voltage across load in volt :90\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Ripple factor :1.21 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iv)\n",
+ "Peak Inverse Voltage in volt :282\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.4 , Page No. 23"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Average dc current rms current rectifcation efcieny PIV\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "rf=20.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "RL=980.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "Vrms=50.0 #in Volt\n",
+ "Vo=Vrms*math.sqrt(2) #in Volt\n",
+ "Io=Vo/(RL+rf) #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "Idc=2*Io/math.pi #in Ampere\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nAverage DC current in mA :%.0f\"%(math.floor(Idc*10**3)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "Irms=Io/math.sqrt(2) #in Ampere\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nrms value of load current in mA :%.0f\"%(math.ceil(Irms*1000)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii)\n",
+ "Vdc=RL*Idc #in Volt\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nDC output voltage in volt :%.1f\"%(math.floor(Vdc*10)/10))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iv)\n",
+ "ETA=(Idc**2*RL/(Irms**2*(RL+rf)))*100 #Rectification Efficiency in %\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iv)\\nRectification Efficiency is %.1f%%\"%(math.ceil(ETA*10)/10))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (v)\n",
+ "PIV=2*Vo #in volt\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(v)\\nPeak Inverse Voltage in volt :%.1f\"%PIV)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Average DC current in mA :45\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "rms value of load current in mA :50\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "DC output voltage in volt :44.1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iv)\n",
+ "Rectification Efficiency is 79.5%\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(v)\n",
+ "Peak Inverse Voltage in volt :141.4\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 38
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.5, Page No.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Minimum value of resistance\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vin=40 #in volt\n",
+ "VZ=10 #in volt\n",
+ "Vo=10 #in volt\n",
+ "IZmax=50 #in mA\n",
+ "IL=0 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : I=IZ+IL=IZmax+0\n",
+ "I=IZmax+0 #in mA\n",
+ "#Formula : VZ=Vin-R*I\n",
+ "Rmin=(Vin-VZ)/(I*10**-3) #in Ohm\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum value of resistance in Ohm :%.0f \"%Rmin)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum value of resistance in Ohm :600 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.6, Page No.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of series resistor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Vmin=15 #Minimum input voltage in volt\n",
+ "VZ=6.8 #Voltage across zener in volt\n",
+ "Vo=VZ #output voltage in volt\n",
+ "Vsr1=Vmin-Vo #Voltage aross series resistance in volt\n",
+ "print(\"If R is the series resistance, Total current in series resistance in Ampere : I=Vsr/R=8.2/R \")\n",
+ "ILmin=5 #in mA\n",
+ "print(\"current in zener diode in Ampere :IZ=I-IL=(8.2/R-IL*10-3).............eqn(1)\\n\");\n",
+ "Vmax=20 #mximum output voltage\n",
+ "Vo=VZ #output voltage in volt\n",
+ "Vsr2=Vmax-Vo #Voltage aross series resistance in volt\n",
+ "print(\"Current in series resistance circuit in Ampere : I=Vsr/R\\n\")\n",
+ "ILmax=15 #in mA\n",
+ "print(\"current in zener diode in Ampere :IZ=I-IL=(Rs/R-IL*10-3)..............eqn(2)\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"For Zener diode to work as voltage regulator,(1) and (2) must be same.\");\n",
+ "print(\"(8.2/R-IL*10-3)=(13.2/R-IL*10-3)\")\n",
+ "R=(Vsr2-Vsr1)/(ILmax*10**-3-ILmin*10**-3) #in Ohm\n",
+ "print(\"\\nRequired value of Series Resistor in ohm : %.0f\"%R)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "If R is the series resistance, Total current in series resistance in Ampere : I=Vsr/R=8.2/R \n",
+ "current in zener diode in Ampere :IZ=I-IL=(8.2/R-IL*10-3).............eqn(1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Current in series resistance circuit in Ampere : I=Vsr/R\n",
+ "\n",
+ "current in zener diode in Ampere :IZ=I-IL=(Rs/R-IL*10-3)..............eqn(2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For Zener diode to work as voltage regulator,(1) and (2) must be same.\n",
+ "(8.2/R-IL*10-3)=(13.2/R-IL*10-3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Required value of Series Resistor in ohm : 500\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 51
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.7 Page No.27"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Current limiting resistance and dissipated power\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vin=18 #in volt\n",
+ "IZ=20 #in mA\n",
+ "ILav=(5+35)/2 #in mA\n",
+ "VZ=12 #in volt\n",
+ "Vo=12 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "I=IZ+ILav #in mA\n",
+ "R=(Vin-Vo)/(I*10**-3) #in Ohm\n",
+ "P=(I*10**-3)**2*R #in Watts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Current limiting resistance in Ohm : %.0f\"%R);\n",
+ "print(\"Power disspation in resistance in Watt :%.2f \"%P);"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current limiting resistance in Ohm : 150\n",
+ "Power disspation in resistance in Watt :0.24 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 45
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.8, Page No. 28"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Maximum and minimum input supply voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "R=1 #in kOhm\n",
+ "RL=5 #in kOhm\n",
+ "VZ=10 #in volt\n",
+ "Vo=10 #in volt\n",
+ "P=250 #in mW\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "IL=Vo/RL #in mA\n",
+ "IZmin=0 #in mA\n",
+ "IZmax=P/VZ #in mA\n",
+ "Imin=IZmin+IL #in mA\n",
+ "Imax=IZmax+IL #in mA\n",
+ "Vin_min=VZ+Imin*10**-3*R*10**3 #in volt\n",
+ "Vin_max=VZ+Imax*10**-3*R*10**3 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The input voltage ranges from %.0fV to %.0fV\"%(Vin_min,Vin_max));"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The input voltage ranges from 12V to 37V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 53
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.9, Page No.28"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Output voltage voltage drop and current in zener diode\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "R=5 #in kOhm\n",
+ "R=R*1000 #in Ohm\n",
+ "RL=10.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "RL=RL*1000 #in Ohm\n",
+ "Vin=120.0 #in Volt\n",
+ "VZ=50.0 #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "Vo=VZ #in Volt\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(i)\\nOutput voltage in volt :%.0f\"%Vo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "VR=Vin-VZ #in Volt\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nVoltage drop across series resistance in volt :%.0f\"%VR);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "IL=Vo/RL #in Ampere\n",
+ "I=VR/R #in Ampere\n",
+ "IZ=I-IL #in Ampere\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nLoad Current in mA :%.0f\"%(IL*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Current through resistance R in mA :%.0f\"%(I*1000));\n",
+ "print(\"Load Current in mA :%.0f\"%(IZ*1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Output voltage in volt :50\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Voltage drop across series resistance in volt :70\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Load Current in mA :5\n",
+ "Current through resistance R in mA :14\n",
+ "Load Current in mA :9\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 61
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.10, Page No. 30"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Maximum and Minimum LED current\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "VDmin=1.5 #in Volt\n",
+ "VDmax=2.3 #in Volt\n",
+ "VS=5.0 #in Volt\n",
+ "RS=270.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Imin=(VS-VDmax)/RS #in Ampere\n",
+ "Imax=(VS-VDmin)/RS #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum value of LED current in mA : %.0f\"%(Imin*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Maximum value of LED current in mA : %.0f\"%(math.ceil(Imax*1000)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum value of LED current in mA : 10\n",
+ "Maximum value of LED current in mA : 13\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 65
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.11, Page No. 33"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Frequency range of tuning circuit\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#VAriable declarion\n",
+ "C1min=10 #in pF\n",
+ "C2max=50 #in pF\n",
+ "L=5 #in mH\n",
+ "L=L*10**-3 #in H\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : CT=C1*C2/(C1+C2)\n",
+ "#Minimum\n",
+ "C1=10 #in pF\n",
+ "C2=10 #in pF\n",
+ "CTmin=C1*C2/(C1+C2) #in pF\n",
+ "CTmin=CTmin*10**-12 #in F\n",
+ "#Maximum\n",
+ "C1=50 #in pF\n",
+ "C2=50 #in pF\n",
+ "CTmax=C1*C2/(C1+C2) #in pF\n",
+ "CTmax=CTmax*10**-12 #in F\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C))\n",
+ "#maximum :\n",
+ "fmax=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*CTmin));\n",
+ "#minimum :\n",
+ "fmin=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*CTmax));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The frequency of tuning circuit ranges from %.3fMHz to %.3fMHz.\"%(fmin/10**6,fmax/10**6));\n",
+ "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The frequency of tuning circuit ranges from 0.450MHz to 1.007MHz.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 68
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.12, page No.33"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Diode Capacitance\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "C1=21.0 # in pF\n",
+ "V1=4.0 # in volt\n",
+ "V2=9.0 # in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "print(\"C is proportional to 1/sqrt(V)\")\n",
+ "print(\"So, C2/C1=sqrt(V1/V2)\")\n",
+ "C2=math.sqrt(V1/V2)*C1 #in pF\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"At reverse bias 9V, Diode capacitance in pF : %.0f\"%math"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "C is proportional to 1/sqrt(V)\n",
+ "So, C2/C1=sqrt(V1/V2)\n",
+ "At reverse bias 9V, Diode capacitance in pF : 14\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 72
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.13, Page No.39"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Photocurrent\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "R=0.90 #in A/W\n",
+ "Pop=1.0 #in mW\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "IP=R*Pop #in mA\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nPower of incident light 1mW, Photocurrent in mA is :%.2f\"%IP);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nHere IP is not proportional to Pop(for Pop>1.5mW)\")\n",
+ "print(\"Hence Photourrent can not be calculated.\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Power of incident light 1mW, Photocurrent in mA is :0.90\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Here IP is not proportional to Pop(for Pop>1.5mW)\n",
+ "Hence Photourrent can not be calculated.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 74
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.14, Page No. 39"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "ETA=70.0 #in %\n",
+ "Eg=0.75 #in eV\n",
+ "Eg=Eg*1.6*10**-19 #in Joule\n",
+ "h=6.63*10**-34 #Planks constant in J-s\n",
+ "c=3*10**8 #speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #in coulamb\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calcualtions\n",
+ "lambda1=h*c/Eg #in meter\n",
+ "R=(ETA/100)*e*lambda1/(h*c) #in A/W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Wavelength in nm :%.1f\"%(lambda1*10**9))\n",
+ "print(\"Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode in A/W :%.3f\"%R)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength in nm :1657.5\n",
+ "Responsivity of InGaAs photodiode in A/W :0.933\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 78
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 1.15, Page No. 41"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Equilibrium contact potential\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "W1=2.5 #in eV\n",
+ "W2=1.9 #in eV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "ContactPotential=W1-W2 #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Contact potential in Volts :%.1f \"%ContactPotential)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Contact potential in Volts :0.6 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 80
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b6f3fd83 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,904 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter No.2: Bipolar junction Transistors(BJTs)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.1 , Page No. 63"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Current amplification factors\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "deltaIB=50.0 #in uA\n",
+ "deltaIC=1.0 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "deltaIC=deltaIC*10**3 #in uA\n",
+ "Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB #unitless\n",
+ "Alfa=Beta/(1+Beta) #unittless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Current Amplification Factor,Beta :%.0f\"%Beta)\n",
+ "print(\"Current Amplification Factor,Alfa :%.3f or 20/21\"%(Alfa))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current Amplification Factor,Beta :20\n",
+ "Current Amplification Factor,Alfa :0.952 or 20/21\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.2, Page No.63"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of IE\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable Declaration\n",
+ "IB=25.0 #in uA\n",
+ "Beta=40.0 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "IC=Beta*IB #in uA\n",
+ "IE=IB+IC #in uA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The value of IE : %.0f micro Ampere\"%IE)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The value of IE : 1025 micro Ampere\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 127
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.3, page No.63"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Change in collector current\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "alfa=0.98 #unitless\n",
+ "deltaIB=0.2 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "Beta=alfa/(1-alfa) #unitless\n",
+ "deltaIC=Beta*deltaIB #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Change in collector curent :%.0f mA \"% (deltaIC))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Change in collector curent :10 mA \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 128
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.4, Page No.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#nput current in CE and CB configuration\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Beta=45 #unitless\n",
+ "RL=1.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "deltaVCE=1 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(i)\n",
+ "IC=deltaVCE/(RL*1000) #in Ampere\n",
+ "#Formula : Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB\n",
+ "IB=IC/Beta #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(ii)\n",
+ "IC=deltaVCE/(RL*1000) #in Ampere\n",
+ "#Formula : Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB\n",
+ "IE=IB+IC #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Part (i) : CE coniguration\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"Input Base Current, IB in mA :%.3f \"%(IB*10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPart (ii) : CB coniguration\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"Input Emitter Current, IE in mA :%.3f \"%(IE*10**3))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Part (i) : CE coniguration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Input Base Current, IB in mA :0.022 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Part (ii) : CB coniguration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Input Emitter Current, IE in mA :1.022 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 129
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.5, Page No.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Current gain and base current\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Ileakage=12.5 #in uA\n",
+ "ICBO=12.5 #in uA\n",
+ "IE=2 #in mA\n",
+ "IC=1.97 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : IC=alfa*IE+ICBO\n",
+ "alfa=(IC-ICBO/10**3)/IE #unitless\n",
+ "IB=IE-IC #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Current Gain : %.3f\"%(math.floor(alfa*1000)/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Base current in mA : %.2f\"%IB)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current Gain : 0.978\n",
+ "Base current in mA : 0.03\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 130
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.6, Page No.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Input resistance of transistor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "deltaVBE=200.0 #in mVolt\n",
+ "deltaIB=100 #in uA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "ri=deltaVBE*10**-3/(deltaIB*10**-6) #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Input resistane of transistor in kohm :%.0f\"%(ri/1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input resistane of transistor in kohm :2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 131
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.7, Page No.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Dynamic input resistance\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "deltaVEB=200.0 #in mVolt\n",
+ "deltaIE=5.0 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "ri=deltaVEB*10**-3/(deltaIE*10**-3) #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Input resistane of transistor in Ohm :%.0f\"%ri)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input resistane of transistor in Ohm :40\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 132
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.9, Page No.72"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Current gain input resistance and voltage gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Ri=500.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "RL=1.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "hie=1.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "hre=2.0*10**-4 #unitless\n",
+ "hfe=50.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hoe=25.0 #micro mho\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part (a) :\n",
+ "Ai=-hfe/(1+hoe*10**-6*RL*10**3) #unitless\n",
+ "#Part (b) :\n",
+ "Rin=(hie*10**3)-(hre*hfe/((hoe*10**-6)+1/(RL*10**3))) #in Ohm\n",
+ "#Part (c) :\n",
+ "Av=Ai*RL*10**3/Ri #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nCurrent Gain :%.1f \"%Ai)\n",
+ "print(\"(b)\\nInput Resistance in Ohm :%.2f\"%Rin)\n",
+ "print(\"(c)\\nVoltage Gain :%.1f \"%Av)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "Current Gain :-48.8 \n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "Input Resistance in Ohm :990.24\n",
+ "(c)\n",
+ "Voltage Gain :-97.6 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 133
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.10, Page No.78"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Collector emitter saturation voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "alfaF=0.99 #unitless\n",
+ "alfaR=0.20 #unitless\n",
+ "IC=1.0 #in mA\n",
+ "IB=50.0 #in micro Ampere\n",
+ "T=300 #in kelvin\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23 #Boltzman constant\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #in cooulamb\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Vth=k*T/e #in Volt\n",
+ "VCEsat=Vth*math.log(((IC*10**-3*(1-alfaR)+IB*10**-6)*alfaF)/((alfaF*IB*10**-6-(1-alfaF)*IC*10**-3)*alfaR))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector-Emitter saturation voltage in volt :%.3f\"%VCEsat)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector-Emitter saturation voltage in volt :0.121\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 134
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.11, Page No.78"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Relative size of collector junction\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "IES=10**-14 #in A\n",
+ "alfaF=1 #unitless\n",
+ "alfaR=0.1 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : alfaF*IES=alfaR*ICS\n",
+ "ICS=(alfaF/alfaR)*IES #in Ampere\n",
+ "RelativeSize=ICS/IES #unitless\n",
+ "BetaR=alfaR/(1-alfaR) #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector base junction saturation current in Ampere : %.1f * 10^-12\"%(ICS*10**12))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nCollector is %.0f times larger in size than emitter\"%RelativeSize)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nValue of BetaR :%.2f \"%BetaR)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector base junction saturation current in Ampere : 0.1 * 10^-12\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Collector is 10 times larger in size than emitter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Value of BetaR :0.11 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 135
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.12, Page No.87"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#DC load line and operating point\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Beta=100 #unitless\n",
+ "VCC=6 #in volt\n",
+ "RB=530 #in kOhm\n",
+ "RC=2 #in kOhm\n",
+ "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "IC1=0 #in A\n",
+ "VCE1=VCC-IC1*RC #in volt\n",
+ "#If VCE=0 #in volt\n",
+ "VCE2=0 #in volt\n",
+ "IC2=VCC/RC #in Ampere\n",
+ "################------------PLOT------------#############\n",
+ "t = arange(0.0001,6 , 0.0005)\n",
+ "t2 = arange(0.0001, 4, 0.0005)\n",
+ "a=arange(0.001,1,0.0005)\n",
+ "x=(4*a)/a\n",
+ "plot(t2,1*t2/t2,'--')\n",
+ "plot(x,a,'--')\n",
+ "plot(t,(3-0.5*t),'b')\n",
+ "text(4,1.1,'Q(4,1)')\n",
+ "text(0.1,3.05,'A')\n",
+ "text(6.05,0.1,'B')\n",
+ "xlabel('VCE(in volts)')\n",
+ "ylabel('IC(in mA)')\n",
+ "title('DC load line')\n",
+ "#########---------------------------------------##########\n",
+ "#Formula : VCC=VBE+IB*RB\n",
+ "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=Beta*IB;#in Ampere\n",
+ "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3 #in volt\n",
+ "print(\"Q point coordinates are :\");\n",
+ "print(\"IC=%.1f mA and VCE=%.1f Volt.\"%((IC*10**3),(VCE)))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Q point coordinates are :\n",
+ "IC=1.0 mA and VCE=4.0 Volt.\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "display_data",
+ "png": 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CIDcXSEwEhgxpejwX0SMiQXGtJOOjr3kPojaGjIwM9OnTB71798bq1au1jlm0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\nBjYGIiLSwMZAREQa/h97CqXc/zL3NgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
+ "text": [
+ "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0xa0c01d0>"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 178
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.13, Page No. 88"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#RB and new value of IC\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "IC=1.0 #in mA\n",
+ "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n",
+ "VBE=0.3 #in volt(For Ge)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "IB=IC/Beta #in mA\n",
+ "#Formula : VCC=VBE+IB*RB\n",
+ "RB=(VCC-VBE)/(IB*10**-3) #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (ii)\n",
+ "Beta=50 #unitless\n",
+ "IB=(VCC-VBE)/RB #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=Beta*IB #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Resistance RB in kOhm : %.0f\"%(RB/10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Zero signal IC in mA:%.1f\"%(IC*10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resistance RB in kOhm : 1170\n",
+ "Zero signal IC in mA:0.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 137
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.14, Page No.88"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Set the operating point\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "print(\"To set the required operating point, value of RB will be find out.\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "IC=1.0 #in mA\n",
+ "VCE=8.0 #in volt\n",
+ "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n",
+ "VBE=0.3 #in volt(For Ge)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "RC=(VCC-VCE)/(IC*10**-3) #in ohm\n",
+ "IB=IC/Beta #in mA\n",
+ "RB=(VCC-VBE-Beta*(IB*10**-3)*RC)/(IB*10**-3) #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "Beta=50 #unitless\n",
+ "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB+Beta*RC) #in mA\n",
+ "IC=Beta*IB #in Ampere\n",
+ "VCE=VCC-IC*RC #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of RB in kOhm : %.0f\"%(RB/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"New operating point is %.1f V,%.1f mA\"%(VCE,IC*10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "To set the required operating point, value of RB will be find out.\n",
+ "Value of RB in kOhm : 770\n",
+ "New operating point is 9.6 V,0.6 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 138
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.15, Page No. 93"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of IC\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=50.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RE=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calaculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "VBE=0.1 #in volt\n",
+ "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n",
+ "IC1=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*1000) #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "VBE=0.3 #in volt\n",
+ "IC2=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*1000) #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"At VBE=0.1V, Value of IC in mA : %.1f\"%(IC1*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"At VBE=0.3V, Value of IC in mA : %.1f\"%(IC2*1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "At VBE=0.1V, Value of IC in mA : 1.9\n",
+ "At VBE=0.3V, Value of IC in mA : 1.7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 139
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.16, Page No.94"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Operating point and stability factor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=5.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RE=2.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RC=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n",
+ "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "VBE=0.7 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "#Formula : VBE=VBBdash-IB*RBdash-IE*RE\n",
+ "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n",
+ "IE=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*10**3) #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=IE #in mA\n",
+ "#Formula : VCC=IC*RC+VCE+IE*RE\n",
+ "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-IE*RE*10**3 #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "RBdash=(R1*R2/(R1+R2)) #in kOhm\n",
+ "S=(Beta+1)/(1+Beta*(RE/(RBdash+RE)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"IB is ver small : VBE=VBBdash-IE*RE\")\n",
+ "print(\"As base current is very small IC=IE\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"Operating point is %.3f V, %.3f mA\\n\"%(VCE,IC*10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Staility factor S is : %.2f\"%(S))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "IB is ver small : VBE=VBBdash-IE*RE\n",
+ "As base current is very small IC=IE\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Operating point is 7.050 V, 1.650 mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Staility factor S is : 2.62\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.17, Page No. 97"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#IC and VCE\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=200.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=100.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RE=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RC=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "VCC=9.0 #in volt\n",
+ "he=2.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "hfe=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hoe=0.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hre=0.0 #unitless\n",
+ "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "RB=R1*R2/(R1+R2) #in kohm\n",
+ "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n",
+ "#Applying Kirchoff Law \n",
+ "IB=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RB*10**3+RE*10**3*(1+hfe)) #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=hfe*IB #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "#Applying Kirchoff Law \n",
+ "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-RE*1063*IB*(hfe+1) #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of IC in mA : %.2f\"%(IC*10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"VCE in volt :%.3f\"%VCE)\n",
+ "#Note : Ans of VCE is wrong in the book as VCC=10 V has been taken instead of 9 volt."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of IC in mA : 1.37\n",
+ "VCE in volt :6.155\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.18, Page No.99"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Region of Q point\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "RB=50.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RC=3.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "VCC=10.0 #in volt\n",
+ "VEE=5.0 #in volt\n",
+ "hfe=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "VCEsat=0.2 #in volt \n",
+ "VBEsat=0.8 #in volt\n",
+ "VBEactive=0.7 #in volt\n",
+ "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Applying : Kirchoff 2nd Law : VEE-RB*IB-VBE=0\n",
+ "IB=(VEE-VBE)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=hfe*IB #in Ampere \n",
+ "#Applying Kirchoff 2nd Law to collector-emitter loop: VCC-IC*RC-VCB-VBEactive=0\n",
+ "VCB=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-VBEactive #in volt:\n",
+ "IB=(VEE-VBEsat)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=(VCC-VCEsat)/(RC*10**3);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector to base voltage, VCB :%.1fV\"%VCB)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nThis shows that the base collector junction is forward biased. This implies that the transistor is in saturation region.\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\nValue of IB in mA :%.3f\"%(IB*10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nValue of IC in mA :%.2f\"%(IC*10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector to base voltage, VCB :-16.5V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "This shows that the base collector junction is forward biased. This implies that the transistor is in saturation region.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Value of IB in mA :0.084\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Value of IC in mA :3.27\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 142
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.19, Page No.100"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Voltage across RE\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VCC=20.0 #in volt\n",
+ "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n",
+ "Beta=50.0 #unitless\n",
+ "RE=200.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "R1=60.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=30.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "V2=VCC*R2/(R1+R2) #in volt\n",
+ "VEO=V2-VBE #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage across RE in volt : %.2f\"%VEO)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Voltage across RE in volt : 5.97\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 143
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b6f3fd83 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_2_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,904 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter No.2: Bipolar junction Transistors(BJTs)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.1 , Page No. 63"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Current amplification factors\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "deltaIB=50.0 #in uA\n",
+ "deltaIC=1.0 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "deltaIC=deltaIC*10**3 #in uA\n",
+ "Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB #unitless\n",
+ "Alfa=Beta/(1+Beta) #unittless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Current Amplification Factor,Beta :%.0f\"%Beta)\n",
+ "print(\"Current Amplification Factor,Alfa :%.3f or 20/21\"%(Alfa))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current Amplification Factor,Beta :20\n",
+ "Current Amplification Factor,Alfa :0.952 or 20/21\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.2, Page No.63"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of IE\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable Declaration\n",
+ "IB=25.0 #in uA\n",
+ "Beta=40.0 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "IC=Beta*IB #in uA\n",
+ "IE=IB+IC #in uA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The value of IE : %.0f micro Ampere\"%IE)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The value of IE : 1025 micro Ampere\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 127
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.3, page No.63"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Change in collector current\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "alfa=0.98 #unitless\n",
+ "deltaIB=0.2 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "Beta=alfa/(1-alfa) #unitless\n",
+ "deltaIC=Beta*deltaIB #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Change in collector curent :%.0f mA \"% (deltaIC))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Change in collector curent :10 mA \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 128
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.4, Page No.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#nput current in CE and CB configuration\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Beta=45 #unitless\n",
+ "RL=1.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "deltaVCE=1 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(i)\n",
+ "IC=deltaVCE/(RL*1000) #in Ampere\n",
+ "#Formula : Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB\n",
+ "IB=IC/Beta #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(ii)\n",
+ "IC=deltaVCE/(RL*1000) #in Ampere\n",
+ "#Formula : Beta=deltaIC/deltaIB\n",
+ "IE=IB+IC #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Part (i) : CE coniguration\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"Input Base Current, IB in mA :%.3f \"%(IB*10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPart (ii) : CB coniguration\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"Input Emitter Current, IE in mA :%.3f \"%(IE*10**3))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Part (i) : CE coniguration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Input Base Current, IB in mA :0.022 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Part (ii) : CB coniguration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Input Emitter Current, IE in mA :1.022 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 129
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.5, Page No.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Current gain and base current\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Ileakage=12.5 #in uA\n",
+ "ICBO=12.5 #in uA\n",
+ "IE=2 #in mA\n",
+ "IC=1.97 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : IC=alfa*IE+ICBO\n",
+ "alfa=(IC-ICBO/10**3)/IE #unitless\n",
+ "IB=IE-IC #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Current Gain : %.3f\"%(math.floor(alfa*1000)/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Base current in mA : %.2f\"%IB)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current Gain : 0.978\n",
+ "Base current in mA : 0.03\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 130
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.6, Page No.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Input resistance of transistor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "deltaVBE=200.0 #in mVolt\n",
+ "deltaIB=100 #in uA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "ri=deltaVBE*10**-3/(deltaIB*10**-6) #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Input resistane of transistor in kohm :%.0f\"%(ri/1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input resistane of transistor in kohm :2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 131
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.7, Page No.64"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Dynamic input resistance\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "deltaVEB=200.0 #in mVolt\n",
+ "deltaIE=5.0 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "ri=deltaVEB*10**-3/(deltaIE*10**-3) #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Input resistane of transistor in Ohm :%.0f\"%ri)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input resistane of transistor in Ohm :40\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 132
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.9, Page No.72"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Current gain input resistance and voltage gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Ri=500.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "RL=1.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "hie=1.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "hre=2.0*10**-4 #unitless\n",
+ "hfe=50.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hoe=25.0 #micro mho\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part (a) :\n",
+ "Ai=-hfe/(1+hoe*10**-6*RL*10**3) #unitless\n",
+ "#Part (b) :\n",
+ "Rin=(hie*10**3)-(hre*hfe/((hoe*10**-6)+1/(RL*10**3))) #in Ohm\n",
+ "#Part (c) :\n",
+ "Av=Ai*RL*10**3/Ri #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nCurrent Gain :%.1f \"%Ai)\n",
+ "print(\"(b)\\nInput Resistance in Ohm :%.2f\"%Rin)\n",
+ "print(\"(c)\\nVoltage Gain :%.1f \"%Av)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "Current Gain :-48.8 \n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "Input Resistance in Ohm :990.24\n",
+ "(c)\n",
+ "Voltage Gain :-97.6 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 133
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.10, Page No.78"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Collector emitter saturation voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "alfaF=0.99 #unitless\n",
+ "alfaR=0.20 #unitless\n",
+ "IC=1.0 #in mA\n",
+ "IB=50.0 #in micro Ampere\n",
+ "T=300 #in kelvin\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23 #Boltzman constant\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #in cooulamb\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Vth=k*T/e #in Volt\n",
+ "VCEsat=Vth*math.log(((IC*10**-3*(1-alfaR)+IB*10**-6)*alfaF)/((alfaF*IB*10**-6-(1-alfaF)*IC*10**-3)*alfaR))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector-Emitter saturation voltage in volt :%.3f\"%VCEsat)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector-Emitter saturation voltage in volt :0.121\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 134
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.11, Page No.78"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Relative size of collector junction\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "IES=10**-14 #in A\n",
+ "alfaF=1 #unitless\n",
+ "alfaR=0.1 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : alfaF*IES=alfaR*ICS\n",
+ "ICS=(alfaF/alfaR)*IES #in Ampere\n",
+ "RelativeSize=ICS/IES #unitless\n",
+ "BetaR=alfaR/(1-alfaR) #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector base junction saturation current in Ampere : %.1f * 10^-12\"%(ICS*10**12))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nCollector is %.0f times larger in size than emitter\"%RelativeSize)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nValue of BetaR :%.2f \"%BetaR)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector base junction saturation current in Ampere : 0.1 * 10^-12\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Collector is 10 times larger in size than emitter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Value of BetaR :0.11 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 135
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.12, Page No.87"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#DC load line and operating point\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Beta=100 #unitless\n",
+ "VCC=6 #in volt\n",
+ "RB=530 #in kOhm\n",
+ "RC=2 #in kOhm\n",
+ "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "IC1=0 #in A\n",
+ "VCE1=VCC-IC1*RC #in volt\n",
+ "#If VCE=0 #in volt\n",
+ "VCE2=0 #in volt\n",
+ "IC2=VCC/RC #in Ampere\n",
+ "################------------PLOT------------#############\n",
+ "t = arange(0.0001,6 , 0.0005)\n",
+ "t2 = arange(0.0001, 4, 0.0005)\n",
+ "a=arange(0.001,1,0.0005)\n",
+ "x=(4*a)/a\n",
+ "plot(t2,1*t2/t2,'--')\n",
+ "plot(x,a,'--')\n",
+ "plot(t,(3-0.5*t),'b')\n",
+ "text(4,1.1,'Q(4,1)')\n",
+ "text(0.1,3.05,'A')\n",
+ "text(6.05,0.1,'B')\n",
+ "xlabel('VCE(in volts)')\n",
+ "ylabel('IC(in mA)')\n",
+ "title('DC load line')\n",
+ "#########---------------------------------------##########\n",
+ "#Formula : VCC=VBE+IB*RB\n",
+ "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=Beta*IB;#in Ampere\n",
+ "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3 #in volt\n",
+ "print(\"Q point coordinates are :\");\n",
+ "print(\"IC=%.1f mA and VCE=%.1f Volt.\"%((IC*10**3),(VCE)))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Q point coordinates are :\n",
+ "IC=1.0 mA and VCE=4.0 Volt.\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "display_data",
+ "png": 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CIDcXSEwEhgxpejwX0SMiQXGtJOOjr3kPojaGjIwM9OnTB71798bq1au1jlm0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\nBjYGIiLSwMZAREQa/h97CqXc/zL3NgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
+ "text": [
+ "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0xa0c01d0>"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 178
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.13, Page No. 88"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#RB and new value of IC\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "IC=1.0 #in mA\n",
+ "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n",
+ "VBE=0.3 #in volt(For Ge)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "IB=IC/Beta #in mA\n",
+ "#Formula : VCC=VBE+IB*RB\n",
+ "RB=(VCC-VBE)/(IB*10**-3) #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (ii)\n",
+ "Beta=50 #unitless\n",
+ "IB=(VCC-VBE)/RB #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=Beta*IB #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Resistance RB in kOhm : %.0f\"%(RB/10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Zero signal IC in mA:%.1f\"%(IC*10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resistance RB in kOhm : 1170\n",
+ "Zero signal IC in mA:0.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 137
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.14, Page No.88"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Set the operating point\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "print(\"To set the required operating point, value of RB will be find out.\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "IC=1.0 #in mA\n",
+ "VCE=8.0 #in volt\n",
+ "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n",
+ "VBE=0.3 #in volt(For Ge)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "RC=(VCC-VCE)/(IC*10**-3) #in ohm\n",
+ "IB=IC/Beta #in mA\n",
+ "RB=(VCC-VBE-Beta*(IB*10**-3)*RC)/(IB*10**-3) #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "Beta=50 #unitless\n",
+ "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB+Beta*RC) #in mA\n",
+ "IC=Beta*IB #in Ampere\n",
+ "VCE=VCC-IC*RC #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of RB in kOhm : %.0f\"%(RB/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"New operating point is %.1f V,%.1f mA\"%(VCE,IC*10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "To set the required operating point, value of RB will be find out.\n",
+ "Value of RB in kOhm : 770\n",
+ "New operating point is 9.6 V,0.6 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 138
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.15, Page No. 93"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of IC\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=50.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RE=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calaculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "VBE=0.1 #in volt\n",
+ "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n",
+ "IC1=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*1000) #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "VBE=0.3 #in volt\n",
+ "IC2=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*1000) #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"At VBE=0.1V, Value of IC in mA : %.1f\"%(IC1*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"At VBE=0.3V, Value of IC in mA : %.1f\"%(IC2*1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "At VBE=0.1V, Value of IC in mA : 1.9\n",
+ "At VBE=0.3V, Value of IC in mA : 1.7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 139
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.16, Page No.94"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Operating point and stability factor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=5.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RE=2.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RC=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "VCC=12.0 #in volt\n",
+ "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "VBE=0.7 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "#Formula : VBE=VBBdash-IB*RBdash-IE*RE\n",
+ "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n",
+ "IE=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RE*10**3) #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=IE #in mA\n",
+ "#Formula : VCC=IC*RC+VCE+IE*RE\n",
+ "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-IE*RE*10**3 #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "RBdash=(R1*R2/(R1+R2)) #in kOhm\n",
+ "S=(Beta+1)/(1+Beta*(RE/(RBdash+RE)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"IB is ver small : VBE=VBBdash-IE*RE\")\n",
+ "print(\"As base current is very small IC=IE\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"Operating point is %.3f V, %.3f mA\\n\"%(VCE,IC*10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Staility factor S is : %.2f\"%(S))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "IB is ver small : VBE=VBBdash-IE*RE\n",
+ "As base current is very small IC=IE\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Operating point is 7.050 V, 1.650 mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Staility factor S is : 2.62\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.17, Page No. 97"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#IC and VCE\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=200.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=100.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RE=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RC=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "VCC=9.0 #in volt\n",
+ "he=2.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "hfe=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hoe=0.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hre=0.0 #unitless\n",
+ "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "RB=R1*R2/(R1+R2) #in kohm\n",
+ "VBBdash=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC #in volt\n",
+ "#Applying Kirchoff Law \n",
+ "IB=(VBBdash-VBE)/(RB*10**3+RE*10**3*(1+hfe)) #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=hfe*IB #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "#Applying Kirchoff Law \n",
+ "VCE=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-RE*1063*IB*(hfe+1) #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of IC in mA : %.2f\"%(IC*10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"VCE in volt :%.3f\"%VCE)\n",
+ "#Note : Ans of VCE is wrong in the book as VCC=10 V has been taken instead of 9 volt."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of IC in mA : 1.37\n",
+ "VCE in volt :6.155\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.18, Page No.99"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Region of Q point\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "RB=50.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RC=3.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "VCC=10.0 #in volt\n",
+ "VEE=5.0 #in volt\n",
+ "hfe=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "VCEsat=0.2 #in volt \n",
+ "VBEsat=0.8 #in volt\n",
+ "VBEactive=0.7 #in volt\n",
+ "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Applying : Kirchoff 2nd Law : VEE-RB*IB-VBE=0\n",
+ "IB=(VEE-VBE)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=hfe*IB #in Ampere \n",
+ "#Applying Kirchoff 2nd Law to collector-emitter loop: VCC-IC*RC-VCB-VBEactive=0\n",
+ "VCB=VCC-IC*RC*10**3-VBEactive #in volt:\n",
+ "IB=(VEE-VBEsat)/(RB*10**3) #in Ampere\n",
+ "IC=(VCC-VCEsat)/(RC*10**3);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector to base voltage, VCB :%.1fV\"%VCB)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nThis shows that the base collector junction is forward biased. This implies that the transistor is in saturation region.\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\nValue of IB in mA :%.3f\"%(IB*10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nValue of IC in mA :%.2f\"%(IC*10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector to base voltage, VCB :-16.5V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "This shows that the base collector junction is forward biased. This implies that the transistor is in saturation region.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Value of IB in mA :0.084\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Value of IC in mA :3.27\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 142
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 2.19, Page No.100"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Voltage across RE\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VCC=20.0 #in volt\n",
+ "VBE=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n",
+ "Beta=50.0 #unitless\n",
+ "RE=200.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "R1=60.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=30.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "V2=VCC*R2/(R1+R2) #in volt\n",
+ "VEO=V2-VBE #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage across RE in volt : %.2f\"%VEO)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Voltage across RE in volt : 5.97\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 143
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d59f3fb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,727 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 3:Transistor Amplifiers"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.1, page No.117"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Gain Impedence and ac load\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "ib=10.0 #in uA\n",
+ "ic=1.0 #in mA\n",
+ "ic=ic*10**3 #in uA\n",
+ "vi=0.02 #in Volt\n",
+ "RC=5.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RL=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "Ai=-ic/ib #unitless\n",
+ "Beta=Ai #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "Rie=vi/(ib*10**-6) #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii)\n",
+ "Rac=RC*RL/(RC+RL) #in kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iv)\n",
+ "Av=-Rac*10**3*Beta/Rie #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (v)\n",
+ "PowerGain=Av*Ai #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\tCurrent gain : %.2f\"%Ai)\n",
+ "print(\"(ii)\\tInput impedence in kohm :%.0f\"%(Rie*10**-3))\n",
+ "print(\"(iii)\\tAC load in kohm : %.1f\"%Rac)\n",
+ "print(\"(iv)\\tVoltage gain :%.3f\"%Av)\n",
+ "print(\"(v)\\tPower Gain is : %.3f\"%PowerGain)\n",
+ "#Note : Ans of Av and Power gain is wrong in the book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\tCurrent gain : -100.00\n",
+ "(ii)\tInput impedence in kohm :2\n",
+ "(iii)\tAC load in kohm : 3.3\n",
+ "(iv)\tVoltage gain :166.667\n",
+ "(v)\tPower Gain is : -16666.667\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.2, page No.125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Gain input and output impedence\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Varible declaration\n",
+ "RL=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RS=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "hie=1.1 #in kOhm\n",
+ "hre=2.5*10**-4 #unitless\n",
+ "hfe=50.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hoe=25.0 #in u mho\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Aie=-hfe/(1+hoe*10**-6*RL*10**3)#unitless\n",
+ "Zie=hie+hre*Aie*RL #in kOhm\n",
+ "Zie=math.ceil(Zie)\n",
+ "Ave=Aie*RL/Zie #unitless\n",
+ "Avs_e=Ave*Zie/(Zie+RS)\n",
+ "deltah=hoe*10**-6*hie*10**3-hfe*hre\n",
+ "Zoe=(hie*10**3+RS*10**3)/(hoe*10**-6*RS*10**3+deltah)\n",
+ "Ais_e=Aie*RS/(Zie+RS)\n",
+ "Ape=Ave*Aie\n",
+ "Aps_e=Avs_e*Ais_e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Current gain :%.0f \"%Aie)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nCurrent gain with source resistance : %.0f\"%Ais_e)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nVoltage gain : %.0f\"%Ave)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nVoltage gain with source resistance : %.0f\"%Avs_e)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPower gain :%.0f \"%Ape)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPower gain with source resistance :%.0f \"%Aps_e)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nInput impedence in kohm :%.1f\"%Zie)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nOutput impedence in kohm :%.1f\"%(Zoe/10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current gain :-40 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Current gain with source resistance : -20\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Voltage gain : -400\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Voltage gain with source resistance : -200\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Power gain :16000 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Power gain with source resistance :4000 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Input impedence in kohm :1.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Output impedence in kohm :52.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.3, Page No. 126"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Input Output impedence and output voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "InputVoltage=1.0 #in mV\n",
+ "RL=5.6 #in kohm\n",
+ "RS=600.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "hre=6.5*10**-4 #unitless\n",
+ "hie=1.7 #in kOhm\n",
+ "hfe=125.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hoe=80.0 #in uA/V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "deltah=hoe*10**-6*hie*10**3-hfe*hre\n",
+ "Zie=(hie*10**3+RL*10**3*deltah)/(1+hoe*10**-6*RL*10**3)\n",
+ "Zoe=(hie*10**3+RS)/(hoe*10**-6*RS+deltah)\n",
+ "Ave=-(hfe*RL*10**3)/(hie*10**3+RL*10**3*deltah)\n",
+ "Avs_e=Ave*Zie/(Zie+RS)\n",
+ "OutputVoltage=Avs_e*InputVoltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Input impedence in kohm :%.3f\"%(Zie/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Output impedence in kohm :%.3f\"%(Zoe/10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gain : %.3f\"%Ave)\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gain with source resistance : %.3f\"%Avs_e)\n",
+ "print(\"Output Voltage in mV :%.3f \"%OutputVoltage)\n",
+ "#Note : Answers are wrong in the book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input impedence in kohm :1.386\n",
+ "Output impedence in kohm :22.384\n",
+ "Voltage gain : -348.849\n",
+ "Voltage gain with source resistance : -243.444\n",
+ "Output Voltage in mV :-243.444 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.4, Page no.129"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Net voltage gain in dB\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A1=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "A2=200.0 #unitless\n",
+ "A3=400.0 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "A1=20*math.log10(A1) #in dB\n",
+ "A2=20*math.log10(A2) #in dB\n",
+ "A3=20*math.log10(A3) #in dB\n",
+ "NetVoltageGain=A1+A2+A3 #in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Net Voltage Gain in decibels :%.3f\"%NetVoltageGain)\n",
+ "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Net Voltage Gain in decibels :138.062\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.5, Page No.129"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Bandwidth and cut off frequencies \n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "MaxGain=1000.0 #unitless(at 2kHz)\n",
+ "f1=50.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "f2=10.0 #in KHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Bandwidth is from %.0f Hz to %.0f kHz\"%(f1,f2))\n",
+ "print(\"Lower cutoff frequency %.0f Hz\"%f1)\n",
+ "print(\"Upper cutoff frequency %.0f kHz\"%f2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Bandwidth is from 50 Hz to 10 kHz\n",
+ "Lower cutoff frequency 50 Hz\n",
+ "Upper cutoff frequency 10 kHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.6, Page No.137"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Overall voltage gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "RC=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "hfe=330.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hie=4.5 #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#RS<<hie\n",
+ "AVM=hfe*RC*10**3/(hie*10**3+RC*10**3)\n",
+ "AVM1=AVM #Gain of 1st stage\n",
+ "AVM2=AVM #Gain of 2nd stage\n",
+ "AVM3=hfe*RC*10**3/(hie*10**3) #unitless(//Gain of 3rd stage)\n",
+ "OverallGain=AVM1*AVM2*AVM3 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Gain in mid frequeny range : %.1f\"%AVM)\n",
+ "print(\"This is the gain of 1st and 2nd stage.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Overall Voltage gain for mid frequency range : %.1f * 10^7\"%(OverallGain/10**7))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Gain in mid frequeny range : 227.6\n",
+ "This is the gain of 1st and 2nd stage.\n",
+ "Overall Voltage gain for mid frequency range : 3.8 * 10^7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.7, Page No.138"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Couopling capacitor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "RC=5.5 #in kohm\n",
+ "hfe=330.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hie=4.5 #in kohm\n",
+ "f1=30.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : f1=1/(2*%pi*C*(hie+RC))\n",
+ "C=1/(2*math.pi*f1*(hie*10**3+RC*10**3))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of coupling capacitor in micro farad : %.2f\"%(C*10**6))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of coupling capacitor in micro farad : 0.53\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 29
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.8, Page No.142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Voltage gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "RC=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "Rin=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "RL=100.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "RCdash=RC*10**3*RL/(RC*10**3+RL)\n",
+ "VoltageGain=Beta*RCdash/(Rin*10**3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage Gain :%.2f \"%VoltageGain)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Voltage Gain :9.90 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.9, Page No. 142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Inductance of primary and secondary\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Rout=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "Rin=2.5 #in kohm\n",
+ "f=200.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : Rout=omega*Lp=2*%pi*f*Lp\n",
+ "Lp=Rout*10**3/(2*math.pi*f) #in H\n",
+ "#Formula : Rin=omega*Ls=2*%pi*f*Ls\n",
+ "Ls=Rin*10**3/(2*math.pi*f) #in H\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Inductance of primary in Henry : %.0f\"%Lp)\n",
+ "print(\"Inductance of seondary in Henry : %.0f\"%Ls)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Inductance of primary in Henry : 8\n",
+ "Inductance of seondary in Henry : 2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.10, Page No.142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Turn ratio of transformer\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "ZL=10.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "ZP=1000.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#For max power : ZP=n^2*ZL\n",
+ "n=math.sqrt(ZP/ZL) #turn ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Turn ratio : %.0f\"%n)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Turn ratio : 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 38
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.11, Page No.149 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Collector eficieny and power rating\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Po_dc=10.0 #in watt\n",
+ "Po_ac=3.5 #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "ETAcollector=Po_ac/Po_dc #unitless\n",
+ "ETAcollector=ETAcollector*100 #collector efficiency in %\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector Efficiency : %.0f%%\"%ETAcollector)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nZero signal condition represents maximum power loss.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Therefore, all the 10 W power is dissipated by it. Hence Powe Rating of transistor in Watt : %.0f\"%Po_dc)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector Efficiency : 35%\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Zero signal condition represents maximum power loss.\n",
+ "Therefore, all the 10 W power is dissipated by it. Hence Powe Rating of transistor in Watt : 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 42
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.12, Page No.149"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Power and eficiency\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VCC=20.0 #in volt\n",
+ "RC=20.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "VCEQ=10.0 #in volt\n",
+ "ICQ=500.0 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "#part (i) :\n",
+ "Pin_dc=VCC*ICQ*10**-3 #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (ii) :\n",
+ "PRc_dc=ICQ**2*10**-6*RC #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (iii) :\n",
+ "Io=250 #in mA(maximum value of output ac current)\n",
+ "Irms=Io/math.sqrt(2) #in mA\n",
+ "Po_ac=Irms**2*10**-6*RC #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (iv) :\n",
+ "Ptr_dc=Pin_dc-PRc_dc #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (v) :\n",
+ "PC_dc=Pin_dc-PRc_dc-Po_ac #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (vi) :\n",
+ "ETAoverall=Po_ac*100/Pin_dc #Overall Efficiency (in %)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (vii) :\n",
+ "ETAcollector=Po_ac*100/PRc_dc#Collector Efficiency (in %)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nTotal dc power taken by the circuit in Watt : %.0f\"%Pin_dc)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\ndc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt : %.0f\"%PRc_dc)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nPower developed across the load in Watt :%.3f \"%Po_ac)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n((iv)\\ndc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt :%.0f \"%Ptr_dc)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(v)\\ndc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt : %.3f\"%PC_dc)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(vi)\\nOverall Efficiency :%.3f%%\"%ETAoverall)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(vii)\\nCollector Efficiency :%.2f%%\"%ETAcollector)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Total dc power taken by the circuit in Watt : 10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "dc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt : 5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Power developed across the load in Watt :0.625 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "((iv)\n",
+ "dc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt :5 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "(v)\n",
+ "dc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt : 4.375\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(vi)\n",
+ "Overall Efficiency :6.250%\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(vii)\n",
+ "Collector Efficiency :12.50%\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.13, Page No.151"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Maximum ac power output\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "n=10.0 #turn ratio\n",
+ "RL=100.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "ICQ=100.0 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "RLdash=n**2*RL \n",
+ "MaxPowerOut=(ICQ*10**-3)**2*RLdash/2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Maximum Power output in watt : %.0f\"%MaxPowerOut)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum Power output in watt : 50\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 47
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.14, Page No.152"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Maximum permissible power dissipation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Part (i) : without heat sink\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "ThetaMax=90.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "Theta_o=30.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "R=300.0 #in degree C/W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "Pr=(ThetaMax-Theta_o)/R #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Without heat sink, Maximum permissible power dissipatio in watt :%.1f\"%Pr)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii) : with heat sink\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "ThetaMax=90.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "Theta_o=30.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "R=60.0 #in degree C/W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "Pr=(ThetaMax-Theta_o)/R #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"With heat sink, Maximum permissible power dissipatio in watt :%.0f\"%Pr)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Without heat sink, Maximum permissible power dissipatio in watt :0.2\n",
+ "With heat sink, Maximum permissible power dissipatio in watt :1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 51
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d59f3fb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_3_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,727 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 3:Transistor Amplifiers"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.1, page No.117"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Gain Impedence and ac load\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "ib=10.0 #in uA\n",
+ "ic=1.0 #in mA\n",
+ "ic=ic*10**3 #in uA\n",
+ "vi=0.02 #in Volt\n",
+ "RC=5.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RL=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "Ai=-ic/ib #unitless\n",
+ "Beta=Ai #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "Rie=vi/(ib*10**-6) #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii)\n",
+ "Rac=RC*RL/(RC+RL) #in kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iv)\n",
+ "Av=-Rac*10**3*Beta/Rie #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (v)\n",
+ "PowerGain=Av*Ai #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\tCurrent gain : %.2f\"%Ai)\n",
+ "print(\"(ii)\\tInput impedence in kohm :%.0f\"%(Rie*10**-3))\n",
+ "print(\"(iii)\\tAC load in kohm : %.1f\"%Rac)\n",
+ "print(\"(iv)\\tVoltage gain :%.3f\"%Av)\n",
+ "print(\"(v)\\tPower Gain is : %.3f\"%PowerGain)\n",
+ "#Note : Ans of Av and Power gain is wrong in the book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\tCurrent gain : -100.00\n",
+ "(ii)\tInput impedence in kohm :2\n",
+ "(iii)\tAC load in kohm : 3.3\n",
+ "(iv)\tVoltage gain :166.667\n",
+ "(v)\tPower Gain is : -16666.667\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.2, page No.125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Gain input and output impedence\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Varible declaration\n",
+ "RL=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "RS=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "hie=1.1 #in kOhm\n",
+ "hre=2.5*10**-4 #unitless\n",
+ "hfe=50.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hoe=25.0 #in u mho\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Aie=-hfe/(1+hoe*10**-6*RL*10**3)#unitless\n",
+ "Zie=hie+hre*Aie*RL #in kOhm\n",
+ "Zie=math.ceil(Zie)\n",
+ "Ave=Aie*RL/Zie #unitless\n",
+ "Avs_e=Ave*Zie/(Zie+RS)\n",
+ "deltah=hoe*10**-6*hie*10**3-hfe*hre\n",
+ "Zoe=(hie*10**3+RS*10**3)/(hoe*10**-6*RS*10**3+deltah)\n",
+ "Ais_e=Aie*RS/(Zie+RS)\n",
+ "Ape=Ave*Aie\n",
+ "Aps_e=Avs_e*Ais_e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Current gain :%.0f \"%Aie)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nCurrent gain with source resistance : %.0f\"%Ais_e)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nVoltage gain : %.0f\"%Ave)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nVoltage gain with source resistance : %.0f\"%Avs_e)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPower gain :%.0f \"%Ape)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPower gain with source resistance :%.0f \"%Aps_e)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nInput impedence in kohm :%.1f\"%Zie)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nOutput impedence in kohm :%.1f\"%(Zoe/10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current gain :-40 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Current gain with source resistance : -20\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Voltage gain : -400\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Voltage gain with source resistance : -200\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Power gain :16000 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Power gain with source resistance :4000 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Input impedence in kohm :1.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Output impedence in kohm :52.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.3, Page No. 126"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Input Output impedence and output voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "InputVoltage=1.0 #in mV\n",
+ "RL=5.6 #in kohm\n",
+ "RS=600.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "hre=6.5*10**-4 #unitless\n",
+ "hie=1.7 #in kOhm\n",
+ "hfe=125.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hoe=80.0 #in uA/V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "deltah=hoe*10**-6*hie*10**3-hfe*hre\n",
+ "Zie=(hie*10**3+RL*10**3*deltah)/(1+hoe*10**-6*RL*10**3)\n",
+ "Zoe=(hie*10**3+RS)/(hoe*10**-6*RS+deltah)\n",
+ "Ave=-(hfe*RL*10**3)/(hie*10**3+RL*10**3*deltah)\n",
+ "Avs_e=Ave*Zie/(Zie+RS)\n",
+ "OutputVoltage=Avs_e*InputVoltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Input impedence in kohm :%.3f\"%(Zie/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Output impedence in kohm :%.3f\"%(Zoe/10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gain : %.3f\"%Ave)\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gain with source resistance : %.3f\"%Avs_e)\n",
+ "print(\"Output Voltage in mV :%.3f \"%OutputVoltage)\n",
+ "#Note : Answers are wrong in the book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input impedence in kohm :1.386\n",
+ "Output impedence in kohm :22.384\n",
+ "Voltage gain : -348.849\n",
+ "Voltage gain with source resistance : -243.444\n",
+ "Output Voltage in mV :-243.444 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.4, Page no.129"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Net voltage gain in dB\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A1=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "A2=200.0 #unitless\n",
+ "A3=400.0 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "A1=20*math.log10(A1) #in dB\n",
+ "A2=20*math.log10(A2) #in dB\n",
+ "A3=20*math.log10(A3) #in dB\n",
+ "NetVoltageGain=A1+A2+A3 #in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Net Voltage Gain in decibels :%.3f\"%NetVoltageGain)\n",
+ "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Net Voltage Gain in decibels :138.062\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.5, Page No.129"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Bandwidth and cut off frequencies \n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "MaxGain=1000.0 #unitless(at 2kHz)\n",
+ "f1=50.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "f2=10.0 #in KHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Bandwidth is from %.0f Hz to %.0f kHz\"%(f1,f2))\n",
+ "print(\"Lower cutoff frequency %.0f Hz\"%f1)\n",
+ "print(\"Upper cutoff frequency %.0f kHz\"%f2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Bandwidth is from 50 Hz to 10 kHz\n",
+ "Lower cutoff frequency 50 Hz\n",
+ "Upper cutoff frequency 10 kHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.6, Page No.137"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Overall voltage gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "RC=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "hfe=330.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hie=4.5 #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#RS<<hie\n",
+ "AVM=hfe*RC*10**3/(hie*10**3+RC*10**3)\n",
+ "AVM1=AVM #Gain of 1st stage\n",
+ "AVM2=AVM #Gain of 2nd stage\n",
+ "AVM3=hfe*RC*10**3/(hie*10**3) #unitless(//Gain of 3rd stage)\n",
+ "OverallGain=AVM1*AVM2*AVM3 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Gain in mid frequeny range : %.1f\"%AVM)\n",
+ "print(\"This is the gain of 1st and 2nd stage.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Overall Voltage gain for mid frequency range : %.1f * 10^7\"%(OverallGain/10**7))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Gain in mid frequeny range : 227.6\n",
+ "This is the gain of 1st and 2nd stage.\n",
+ "Overall Voltage gain for mid frequency range : 3.8 * 10^7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.7, Page No.138"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Couopling capacitor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "RC=5.5 #in kohm\n",
+ "hfe=330.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hie=4.5 #in kohm\n",
+ "f1=30.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : f1=1/(2*%pi*C*(hie+RC))\n",
+ "C=1/(2*math.pi*f1*(hie*10**3+RC*10**3))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of coupling capacitor in micro farad : %.2f\"%(C*10**6))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of coupling capacitor in micro farad : 0.53\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 29
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.8, Page No.142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Voltage gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "RC=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "Rin=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "Beta=100.0 #unitless\n",
+ "RL=100.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "RCdash=RC*10**3*RL/(RC*10**3+RL)\n",
+ "VoltageGain=Beta*RCdash/(Rin*10**3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage Gain :%.2f \"%VoltageGain)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Voltage Gain :9.90 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.9, Page No. 142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Inductance of primary and secondary\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Rout=10.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "Rin=2.5 #in kohm\n",
+ "f=200.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : Rout=omega*Lp=2*%pi*f*Lp\n",
+ "Lp=Rout*10**3/(2*math.pi*f) #in H\n",
+ "#Formula : Rin=omega*Ls=2*%pi*f*Ls\n",
+ "Ls=Rin*10**3/(2*math.pi*f) #in H\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Inductance of primary in Henry : %.0f\"%Lp)\n",
+ "print(\"Inductance of seondary in Henry : %.0f\"%Ls)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Inductance of primary in Henry : 8\n",
+ "Inductance of seondary in Henry : 2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.10, Page No.142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Turn ratio of transformer\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "ZL=10.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "ZP=1000.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#For max power : ZP=n^2*ZL\n",
+ "n=math.sqrt(ZP/ZL) #turn ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Turn ratio : %.0f\"%n)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Turn ratio : 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 38
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.11, Page No.149 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Collector eficieny and power rating\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Po_dc=10.0 #in watt\n",
+ "Po_ac=3.5 #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "ETAcollector=Po_ac/Po_dc #unitless\n",
+ "ETAcollector=ETAcollector*100 #collector efficiency in %\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Collector Efficiency : %.0f%%\"%ETAcollector)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nZero signal condition represents maximum power loss.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Therefore, all the 10 W power is dissipated by it. Hence Powe Rating of transistor in Watt : %.0f\"%Po_dc)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Collector Efficiency : 35%\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Zero signal condition represents maximum power loss.\n",
+ "Therefore, all the 10 W power is dissipated by it. Hence Powe Rating of transistor in Watt : 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 42
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.12, Page No.149"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Power and eficiency\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VCC=20.0 #in volt\n",
+ "RC=20.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "VCEQ=10.0 #in volt\n",
+ "ICQ=500.0 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "#part (i) :\n",
+ "Pin_dc=VCC*ICQ*10**-3 #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (ii) :\n",
+ "PRc_dc=ICQ**2*10**-6*RC #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (iii) :\n",
+ "Io=250 #in mA(maximum value of output ac current)\n",
+ "Irms=Io/math.sqrt(2) #in mA\n",
+ "Po_ac=Irms**2*10**-6*RC #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (iv) :\n",
+ "Ptr_dc=Pin_dc-PRc_dc #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (v) :\n",
+ "PC_dc=Pin_dc-PRc_dc-Po_ac #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (vi) :\n",
+ "ETAoverall=Po_ac*100/Pin_dc #Overall Efficiency (in %)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#part (vii) :\n",
+ "ETAcollector=Po_ac*100/PRc_dc#Collector Efficiency (in %)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nTotal dc power taken by the circuit in Watt : %.0f\"%Pin_dc)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\ndc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt : %.0f\"%PRc_dc)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nPower developed across the load in Watt :%.3f \"%Po_ac)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n((iv)\\ndc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt :%.0f \"%Ptr_dc)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(v)\\ndc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt : %.3f\"%PC_dc)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(vi)\\nOverall Efficiency :%.3f%%\"%ETAoverall)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(vii)\\nCollector Efficiency :%.2f%%\"%ETAcollector)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Total dc power taken by the circuit in Watt : 10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "dc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt : 5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Power developed across the load in Watt :0.625 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "((iv)\n",
+ "dc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt :5 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "(v)\n",
+ "dc power dissipated by the collector load in Watt : 4.375\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(vi)\n",
+ "Overall Efficiency :6.250%\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(vii)\n",
+ "Collector Efficiency :12.50%\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.13, Page No.151"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Maximum ac power output\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "n=10.0 #turn ratio\n",
+ "RL=100.0 #in ohm\n",
+ "ICQ=100.0 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "RLdash=n**2*RL \n",
+ "MaxPowerOut=(ICQ*10**-3)**2*RLdash/2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Maximum Power output in watt : %.0f\"%MaxPowerOut)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum Power output in watt : 50\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 47
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 3.14, Page No.152"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Maximum permissible power dissipation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Part (i) : without heat sink\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "ThetaMax=90.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "Theta_o=30.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "R=300.0 #in degree C/W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "Pr=(ThetaMax-Theta_o)/R #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Without heat sink, Maximum permissible power dissipatio in watt :%.1f\"%Pr)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii) : with heat sink\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "ThetaMax=90.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "Theta_o=30.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "R=60.0 #in degree C/W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "Pr=(ThetaMax-Theta_o)/R #in watt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"With heat sink, Maximum permissible power dissipatio in watt :%.0f\"%Pr)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Without heat sink, Maximum permissible power dissipatio in watt :0.2\n",
+ "With heat sink, Maximum permissible power dissipatio in watt :1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 51
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_4.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_4.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b06db7ad --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter No.4: Frequency Response"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 4.1, Page No. 170"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#3dB Frequency\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Omega_Z1=0.0 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "Omega_Z2=10.0 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "Omega_P1=100.0 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "Omega_P2=25.0 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "WL=math.sqrt(Omega_P1**2+Omega_P2**2-2*Omega_Z1**2-2*Omega_Z2**2) #in radian/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Approximate value of lower 3dB Frequency in radian/sec : %.1f\"%WL)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Approximate value of lower 3dB Frequency in radian/sec : 102.1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 4.2, Page No. 171"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Upper 3dB Frequency\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Omega_P1=1.0*10**4 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "Omega_P2=2.0*10**4 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "Omega_Z1=1.0*10**5 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "omegaH=1/math.sqrt(1/Omega_P1**2+1/Omega_P2**2-2/Omega_Z1**2) #in radian/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Approximate value of lower 3dB Frequency in radian/sec : %.0f \"%(math.ceil(omegaH)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Approximate value of lower 3dB Frequency in radian/sec : 9017 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_4_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_4_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b06db7ad --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_4_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter No.4: Frequency Response"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 4.1, Page No. 170"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#3dB Frequency\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Omega_Z1=0.0 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "Omega_Z2=10.0 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "Omega_P1=100.0 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "Omega_P2=25.0 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "WL=math.sqrt(Omega_P1**2+Omega_P2**2-2*Omega_Z1**2-2*Omega_Z2**2) #in radian/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Approximate value of lower 3dB Frequency in radian/sec : %.1f\"%WL)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Approximate value of lower 3dB Frequency in radian/sec : 102.1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 4.2, Page No. 171"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Upper 3dB Frequency\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Omega_P1=1.0*10**4 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "Omega_P2=2.0*10**4 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "Omega_Z1=1.0*10**5 #in Radian/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "omegaH=1/math.sqrt(1/Omega_P1**2+1/Omega_P2**2-2/Omega_Z1**2) #in radian/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Approximate value of lower 3dB Frequency in radian/sec : %.0f \"%(math.ceil(omegaH)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Approximate value of lower 3dB Frequency in radian/sec : 9017 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_5.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_5.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..6f5add30 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,696 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter 5: Feed Back"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.1, Page No.192"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Percentage of output which is fed back\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=50.0 #gain(unitless)\n",
+ "Af=10.0 #gain(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Beta=(A/Af-1)/A #feedback ratio (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Percentage of output feed back : %.0f%%\"%(Beta*100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Percentage of output feed back : 8%\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.2, Page No.192"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Voltage gain and reduction in voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=1000.0 #gainWithoutFeedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Adash=800 #gainWithoutFeedback(unitless) \n",
+ "g_reduce=0.40 #factor by which gain reduced\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) : \n",
+ "Af=A-A*g_reduce #gainWithFeedback(unitless)\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Beta=(A/Af-1)/A #feedback factor (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Af_dash=Adash/(1+Adash*Beta)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "Reduction=((A-Adash)/A)*100 #% reduction without feedback\n",
+ "Reduction1=((Af-Af_dash)/Af)*100 #% reduction without feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"At normal collector supply :\")\n",
+ "print(\"with feedback gain reduces by a factor %.2f\"%g_reduce)\n",
+ "print(\"At normal collector supply, Gain with feedback :%.0f \"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nAt reduced power supply :\")\n",
+ "print(\"At Reduced collector supply, Gain with feedback : %.0f\"%(math.ceil(Af_dash)))\n",
+ "print(\"%% reduction in gain without feedback :%.0f%%\"%Reduction)\n",
+ "print(\"%% reduction in gain with feedback :%.0f%%\"%Reduction1)\n",
+ "#Note : answer of Af is wrong in the book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "At normal collector supply :\n",
+ "with feedback gain reduces by a factor 0.40\n",
+ "At normal collector supply, Gain with feedback :600 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "At reduced power supply :\n",
+ "At Reduced collector supply, Gain with feedback : 522\n",
+ "% reduction in gain without feedback :20%\n",
+ "% reduction in gain with feedback :13%\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.3, Page No.192"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Gain with feedback factor and feedback voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A=100.0 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Beta=1.0/25.0 #feedback ratio (unitless)\n",
+ "Vi=50.0 #in mV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) :\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii) :\n",
+ "FeedbackFactor=Beta*A #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii) :\n",
+ "Vo_dash=Af*Vi*10**-3 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iv) :\n",
+ "FeedbackVoltage=Beta*Vo_dash #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (v) :\n",
+ "Vi_dash=Vi*(1+Beta*A) #in mv\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\n Gain with feedback :%.0f\"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"(ii)\\n Feedback Factor :%.0f\"%FeedbackFactor)\n",
+ "print(\"(iii)\\n Output Voltage in volts :%.0f\"%Vo_dash)\n",
+ "print(\"(iv)\\n Feedback Voltage in volts :%.2f\"%FeedbackVoltage)\n",
+ "print(\"(v)\\n New Increased Input Voltage in milli volts :%.0f\"%Vi_dash)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ " Gain with feedback :20\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ " Feedback Factor :4\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ " Output Voltage in volts :1\n",
+ "(iv)\n",
+ " Feedback Voltage in volts :0.04\n",
+ "(v)\n",
+ " New Increased Input Voltage in milli volts :250\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.4, Page no.193"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Bandwidth with negative feedback\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "BW=200.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "A=40.0 #gain without feedback(in dB)\n",
+ "Beta=5.0 #negative feedback in %\n",
+ "Beta=Beta/100.0 #feedback factor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(in dB)\n",
+ "BW_dash=A*BW/Af #in kHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Since gain bandwidth product remains constant, A*BW=Af*BW_dash\")\n",
+ "print(\"New Bandwidth in kHz : %.0f\"%BW_dash)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Since gain bandwidth product remains constant, A*BW=Af*BW_dash\n",
+ "New Bandwidth in kHz : 600\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.5, Page No.193"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Fraction of output fed back\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=140.0 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Af=17.5 #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Beta=(A/Af-1)/A #feedback ratio (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Fraction of output fed back to input : %.2f or 1/20\"%Beta)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Fraction of output fed back to input : 0.05 or 1/20\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.6, Page No.205"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Small Change in gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=200.0 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Beta=0.25 #fraction ratio(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CAlculations\n",
+ "#Given : Normal gain changes by 10 %, it means dA/A=10/100\n",
+ "dABYA=10.0/100.0 #change in gain\n",
+ "dAfBYAf=(1/(1+Beta*A))*(dABYA) #change in gain\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"We have, Af=A/(1+Beta*A).................eqn(1)\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\nDifferentiating it with respect to A, we get\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\ndAf/dA=((1+Beta*A)-Beta*A)/(1+Beta*A)^2=1/(1+Beta*A)^2\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\ndAf=dA/(1+Beta*A)^2.......................eqn(2)\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\nDividing eqn(2) by eqn(1),\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\ndAf/Af=(dA/((1+Beta*A)^2))*((1+Beta*A)/A)=(1/(1+Beta*A))*(dA/A)\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\nChange in gain : %.4f\"%((math.floor(dAfBYAf*10**4))/10**4))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "We have, Af=A/(1+Beta*A).................eqn(1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Differentiating it with respect to A, we get\n",
+ "\n",
+ "dAf/dA=((1+Beta*A)-Beta*A)/(1+Beta*A)^2=1/(1+Beta*A)^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "dAf=dA/(1+Beta*A)^2.......................eqn(2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Dividing eqn(2) by eqn(1),\n",
+ "\n",
+ "dAf/Af=(dA/((1+Beta*A)^2))*((1+Beta*A)/A)=(1/(1+Beta*A))*(dA/A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Change in gain : 0.0019\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.7, Page No.206"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#New gain distortion and input voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=200.0 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Dn=10.0 #Distortion in %\n",
+ "Vi=0.5 #Initial input voltage in volt\n",
+ "Beta=0.05 #feedback ratio (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Dn_dash=Dn/(1+A*Beta) #new distortion in %\n",
+ "InitialOutputVoltage=A*Vi #in Volt\n",
+ "NewInputVoltage=InitialOutputVoltage/Af\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"New gain :%.3f\"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"Distortion with negative feedback : %.3f%%\"%Dn_dash)\n",
+ "print(\"Initial Output Voltage in volt:%.0f\"%InitialOutputVoltage)\n",
+ "print(\"New Input Voltage in volts :%.2f\"%NewInputVoltage)\n",
+ "#Note :Ans of Af and NewInputVoltage is not acurate in the book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "New gain :18.182\n",
+ "Distortion with negative feedback : 0.909%\n",
+ "Initial Output Voltage in volt:100\n",
+ "New Input Voltage in volts :5.50\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.8, Page No. 206"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Feedback rction voltage and impedence\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=10000.0 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Zi=10.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "Zo=100.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "R1=2.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "R2=18.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) :\n",
+ "Beta=R1/(R1+R2) #feedback fraction(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii) :\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #Gain with negative feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii) :\n",
+ "inputVoltge=0.5 #in mV\n",
+ "outputVoltge=Af*inputVoltge #in mV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iv) :\n",
+ "Zif=Zi*(1+Beta*A) #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (v) :\n",
+ "Zof=Zo/(1+Beta*A) #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nFeedback Fraction :%.1f\"%Beta)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nGain with negative feedback :%.0f\"%(math.ceil(Af)))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nOutput Voltage in milli volts :%.0f\"%(math.ceil(outputVoltge)))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iv)\\nInput impedance of feedback amplifier in Mohm : %.2f\"%(Zif*10**-3))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(v)\\nOutput impedance with feedback in Ohm : %.1f\"%Zof)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Feedback Fraction :0.1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Gain with negative feedback :10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Output Voltage in milli volts :5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iv)\n",
+ "Input impedance of feedback amplifier in Mohm : 10.01\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(v)\n",
+ "Output impedance with feedback in Ohm : 0.1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 24
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.9, Page No.207"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Voltage gain input and output resistance\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=200 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Ri=2 #in kOhm\n",
+ "Ro=12 #in kOhm\n",
+ "Beta=0.02 #feedbak ratio(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) :\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii) :\n",
+ "Rif=Ri*(1+A*Beta) #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii) :\n",
+ "Rof=Ro/(1+A*Beta) #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nGain with Negative Feedback :%.0f\"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nInput resistance with feedback in kOhm :%.0f\"%Rif)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nOutput resistance with feedback in kOhm :%.1f\"%Rof)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Gain with Negative Feedback :40\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Input resistance with feedback in kOhm :10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Output resistance with feedback in kOhm :2.4\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 26
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.10, Page No.207"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Gain wih feedbck in dB\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=1000.0 #gain(unitless)\n",
+ "Beta=1.0/20.0 #feedback ratio (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Af=20*math.log10(Af) #in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Gain with feedback in dB : %.1f\"%Af)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Gain with feedback in dB : 25.8\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 32
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " example 5.11, page No.208"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Bandwidth after feedback\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declarations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A=800.0 #gain(unitless)\n",
+ "f1=40.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "f2=16.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "Beta=2.0/100.0 #feedback fator (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#caalculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "BW=f2*10**3-f1 #Bandwidth of amplifier in Hz\n",
+ "f1_f=f1/(1+A*Beta) #in Hz\n",
+ "f2_f=f2*(1+A*Beta) #in kHz\n",
+ "BW_f=f2_f*10**3-f1_f #Bandwith after feedback in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gin with feedback : %.0f\"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"Bandwidth of amplifier in kHz : %.2f\"%(BW*10**-3))\n",
+ "print(\"Bandwith after feedback in KHz : %.0f\"%(BW_f*10**-3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Voltage gin with feedback : 47\n",
+ "Bandwidth of amplifier in kHz : 15.96\n",
+ "Bandwith after feedback in KHz : 272\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 34
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " example 5.12, Page No.208"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Gain and new bandwidth\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=100.0 #gain(unitless)\n",
+ "BW=10.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "Beta=5.0 #in %\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) :\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta/100.0) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "BW_f=BW*(1+A*Beta/100.0) #Bandwith after feedback in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gain with feedback :%.2f \"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"Bandwith with negative feedback in KHz : %.0f\"%BW_f)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Voltage gain with feedback :16.67 \n",
+ "Bandwith with negative feedback in KHz : 60\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.13, Page No.208"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Input resistance and voltage gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable decclaration\n",
+ "hfe=50.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hie=1.1 #in kOhm\n",
+ "hoe=0.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hre=0.0 #unitless\n",
+ "RL=4.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "Rs=10.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "RB=40.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "RLdash=RB*RL/(RB+RL) #in Kohm\n",
+ "AV=-hfe*RLdash/hie #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) ;\n",
+ "Rif=hie*(RB/(1-AV))/(hie+(RB/(1-AV))) #in kOhm\n",
+ "print(\"Input resistance with feedback in Ohm : %.0f\"%(Rif*1000))\n",
+ "#Part (ii) :\n",
+ "AVf=AV*(Rif/(Rs+Rif)) #unitless\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gain with feedback : %.2f\"%((math.ceil(AVf*100))/100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input resistance with feedback in Ohm : 197\n",
+ "Voltage gain with feedback : -3.19\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_5_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_5_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..6f5add30 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_5_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,696 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter 5: Feed Back"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.1, Page No.192"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Percentage of output which is fed back\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=50.0 #gain(unitless)\n",
+ "Af=10.0 #gain(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Beta=(A/Af-1)/A #feedback ratio (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Percentage of output feed back : %.0f%%\"%(Beta*100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Percentage of output feed back : 8%\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.2, Page No.192"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Voltage gain and reduction in voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=1000.0 #gainWithoutFeedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Adash=800 #gainWithoutFeedback(unitless) \n",
+ "g_reduce=0.40 #factor by which gain reduced\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) : \n",
+ "Af=A-A*g_reduce #gainWithFeedback(unitless)\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Beta=(A/Af-1)/A #feedback factor (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Af_dash=Adash/(1+Adash*Beta)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "Reduction=((A-Adash)/A)*100 #% reduction without feedback\n",
+ "Reduction1=((Af-Af_dash)/Af)*100 #% reduction without feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"At normal collector supply :\")\n",
+ "print(\"with feedback gain reduces by a factor %.2f\"%g_reduce)\n",
+ "print(\"At normal collector supply, Gain with feedback :%.0f \"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nAt reduced power supply :\")\n",
+ "print(\"At Reduced collector supply, Gain with feedback : %.0f\"%(math.ceil(Af_dash)))\n",
+ "print(\"%% reduction in gain without feedback :%.0f%%\"%Reduction)\n",
+ "print(\"%% reduction in gain with feedback :%.0f%%\"%Reduction1)\n",
+ "#Note : answer of Af is wrong in the book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "At normal collector supply :\n",
+ "with feedback gain reduces by a factor 0.40\n",
+ "At normal collector supply, Gain with feedback :600 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "At reduced power supply :\n",
+ "At Reduced collector supply, Gain with feedback : 522\n",
+ "% reduction in gain without feedback :20%\n",
+ "% reduction in gain with feedback :13%\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.3, Page No.192"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Gain with feedback factor and feedback voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A=100.0 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Beta=1.0/25.0 #feedback ratio (unitless)\n",
+ "Vi=50.0 #in mV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) :\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii) :\n",
+ "FeedbackFactor=Beta*A #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii) :\n",
+ "Vo_dash=Af*Vi*10**-3 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iv) :\n",
+ "FeedbackVoltage=Beta*Vo_dash #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (v) :\n",
+ "Vi_dash=Vi*(1+Beta*A) #in mv\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\n Gain with feedback :%.0f\"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"(ii)\\n Feedback Factor :%.0f\"%FeedbackFactor)\n",
+ "print(\"(iii)\\n Output Voltage in volts :%.0f\"%Vo_dash)\n",
+ "print(\"(iv)\\n Feedback Voltage in volts :%.2f\"%FeedbackVoltage)\n",
+ "print(\"(v)\\n New Increased Input Voltage in milli volts :%.0f\"%Vi_dash)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ " Gain with feedback :20\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ " Feedback Factor :4\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ " Output Voltage in volts :1\n",
+ "(iv)\n",
+ " Feedback Voltage in volts :0.04\n",
+ "(v)\n",
+ " New Increased Input Voltage in milli volts :250\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.4, Page no.193"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Bandwidth with negative feedback\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "BW=200.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "A=40.0 #gain without feedback(in dB)\n",
+ "Beta=5.0 #negative feedback in %\n",
+ "Beta=Beta/100.0 #feedback factor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(in dB)\n",
+ "BW_dash=A*BW/Af #in kHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Since gain bandwidth product remains constant, A*BW=Af*BW_dash\")\n",
+ "print(\"New Bandwidth in kHz : %.0f\"%BW_dash)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Since gain bandwidth product remains constant, A*BW=Af*BW_dash\n",
+ "New Bandwidth in kHz : 600\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.5, Page No.193"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Fraction of output fed back\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=140.0 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Af=17.5 #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Beta=(A/Af-1)/A #feedback ratio (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Fraction of output fed back to input : %.2f or 1/20\"%Beta)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Fraction of output fed back to input : 0.05 or 1/20\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.6, Page No.205"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Small Change in gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=200.0 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Beta=0.25 #fraction ratio(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CAlculations\n",
+ "#Given : Normal gain changes by 10 %, it means dA/A=10/100\n",
+ "dABYA=10.0/100.0 #change in gain\n",
+ "dAfBYAf=(1/(1+Beta*A))*(dABYA) #change in gain\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"We have, Af=A/(1+Beta*A).................eqn(1)\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\nDifferentiating it with respect to A, we get\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\ndAf/dA=((1+Beta*A)-Beta*A)/(1+Beta*A)^2=1/(1+Beta*A)^2\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\ndAf=dA/(1+Beta*A)^2.......................eqn(2)\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\nDividing eqn(2) by eqn(1),\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\ndAf/Af=(dA/((1+Beta*A)^2))*((1+Beta*A)/A)=(1/(1+Beta*A))*(dA/A)\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\nChange in gain : %.4f\"%((math.floor(dAfBYAf*10**4))/10**4))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "We have, Af=A/(1+Beta*A).................eqn(1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Differentiating it with respect to A, we get\n",
+ "\n",
+ "dAf/dA=((1+Beta*A)-Beta*A)/(1+Beta*A)^2=1/(1+Beta*A)^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "dAf=dA/(1+Beta*A)^2.......................eqn(2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Dividing eqn(2) by eqn(1),\n",
+ "\n",
+ "dAf/Af=(dA/((1+Beta*A)^2))*((1+Beta*A)/A)=(1/(1+Beta*A))*(dA/A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Change in gain : 0.0019\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.7, Page No.206"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#New gain distortion and input voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=200.0 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Dn=10.0 #Distortion in %\n",
+ "Vi=0.5 #Initial input voltage in volt\n",
+ "Beta=0.05 #feedback ratio (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Dn_dash=Dn/(1+A*Beta) #new distortion in %\n",
+ "InitialOutputVoltage=A*Vi #in Volt\n",
+ "NewInputVoltage=InitialOutputVoltage/Af\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"New gain :%.3f\"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"Distortion with negative feedback : %.3f%%\"%Dn_dash)\n",
+ "print(\"Initial Output Voltage in volt:%.0f\"%InitialOutputVoltage)\n",
+ "print(\"New Input Voltage in volts :%.2f\"%NewInputVoltage)\n",
+ "#Note :Ans of Af and NewInputVoltage is not acurate in the book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "New gain :18.182\n",
+ "Distortion with negative feedback : 0.909%\n",
+ "Initial Output Voltage in volt:100\n",
+ "New Input Voltage in volts :5.50\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.8, Page No. 206"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Feedback rction voltage and impedence\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=10000.0 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Zi=10.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "Zo=100.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "R1=2.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "R2=18.0 #in Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) :\n",
+ "Beta=R1/(R1+R2) #feedback fraction(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii) :\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #Gain with negative feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iii) :\n",
+ "inputVoltge=0.5 #in mV\n",
+ "outputVoltge=Af*inputVoltge #in mV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (iv) :\n",
+ "Zif=Zi*(1+Beta*A) #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (v) :\n",
+ "Zof=Zo/(1+Beta*A) #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nFeedback Fraction :%.1f\"%Beta)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nGain with negative feedback :%.0f\"%(math.ceil(Af)))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nOutput Voltage in milli volts :%.0f\"%(math.ceil(outputVoltge)))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iv)\\nInput impedance of feedback amplifier in Mohm : %.2f\"%(Zif*10**-3))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(v)\\nOutput impedance with feedback in Ohm : %.1f\"%Zof)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Feedback Fraction :0.1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Gain with negative feedback :10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Output Voltage in milli volts :5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iv)\n",
+ "Input impedance of feedback amplifier in Mohm : 10.01\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(v)\n",
+ "Output impedance with feedback in Ohm : 0.1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 24
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.9, Page No.207"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Voltage gain input and output resistance\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=200 #gain without feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Ri=2 #in kOhm\n",
+ "Ro=12 #in kOhm\n",
+ "Beta=0.02 #feedbak ratio(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) :\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii) :\n",
+ "Rif=Ri*(1+A*Beta) #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii) :\n",
+ "Rof=Ro/(1+A*Beta) #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(i)\\nGain with Negative Feedback :%.0f\"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nInput resistance with feedback in kOhm :%.0f\"%Rif)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(iii)\\nOutput resistance with feedback in kOhm :%.1f\"%Rof)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Gain with Negative Feedback :40\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Input resistance with feedback in kOhm :10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)\n",
+ "Output resistance with feedback in kOhm :2.4\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 26
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.10, Page No.207"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Gain wih feedbck in dB\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=1000.0 #gain(unitless)\n",
+ "Beta=1.0/20.0 #feedback ratio (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "Af=20*math.log10(Af) #in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Gain with feedback in dB : %.1f\"%Af)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Gain with feedback in dB : 25.8\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 32
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " example 5.11, page No.208"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Bandwidth after feedback\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declarations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A=800.0 #gain(unitless)\n",
+ "f1=40.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "f2=16.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "Beta=2.0/100.0 #feedback fator (unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#caalculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "BW=f2*10**3-f1 #Bandwidth of amplifier in Hz\n",
+ "f1_f=f1/(1+A*Beta) #in Hz\n",
+ "f2_f=f2*(1+A*Beta) #in kHz\n",
+ "BW_f=f2_f*10**3-f1_f #Bandwith after feedback in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gin with feedback : %.0f\"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"Bandwidth of amplifier in kHz : %.2f\"%(BW*10**-3))\n",
+ "print(\"Bandwith after feedback in KHz : %.0f\"%(BW_f*10**-3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Voltage gin with feedback : 47\n",
+ "Bandwidth of amplifier in kHz : 15.96\n",
+ "Bandwith after feedback in KHz : 272\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 34
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " example 5.12, Page No.208"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Gain and new bandwidth\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=100.0 #gain(unitless)\n",
+ "BW=10.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "Beta=5.0 #in %\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) :\n",
+ "#Formula : Af=A/(1+A*Beta)\n",
+ "Af=A/(1+A*Beta/100.0) #gain with feedback(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "BW_f=BW*(1+A*Beta/100.0) #Bandwith after feedback in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gain with feedback :%.2f \"%Af)\n",
+ "print(\"Bandwith with negative feedback in KHz : %.0f\"%BW_f)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Voltage gain with feedback :16.67 \n",
+ "Bandwith with negative feedback in KHz : 60\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 5.13, Page No.208"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Input resistance and voltage gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable decclaration\n",
+ "hfe=50.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hie=1.1 #in kOhm\n",
+ "hoe=0.0 #unitless\n",
+ "hre=0.0 #unitless\n",
+ "RL=4.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "Rs=10.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "RB=40.0 #in kOhm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "RLdash=RB*RL/(RB+RL) #in Kohm\n",
+ "AV=-hfe*RLdash/hie #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i) ;\n",
+ "Rif=hie*(RB/(1-AV))/(hie+(RB/(1-AV))) #in kOhm\n",
+ "print(\"Input resistance with feedback in Ohm : %.0f\"%(Rif*1000))\n",
+ "#Part (ii) :\n",
+ "AVf=AV*(Rif/(Rs+Rif)) #unitless\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage gain with feedback : %.2f\"%((math.ceil(AVf*100))/100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input resistance with feedback in Ohm : 197\n",
+ "Voltage gain with feedback : -3.19\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..0b55fc7f --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,458 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 6: Field Effect Transistors and MOSFETs"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.1, Page No.219"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of Transconductance\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VGS1=-3.1 #in Volt\n",
+ "VGS2=-3 #in Volt\n",
+ "ID1=1 #in mA\n",
+ "ID2=1.3 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "delVGS=VGS2-VGS1 #in Volts\n",
+ "delID=ID2-ID1 #in mA\n",
+ "gm=delID*10**-3/delVGS #in mhos\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Transconductance in mhos : %.3f\"%gm)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Transconductance in mhos : 0.003\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.2, Page No.219"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#AC drain resistance transconductance and amplification factor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VGS1=0 #in Volt\n",
+ "VGS2=0 #in Volt\n",
+ "VGS3=-0.2 #in Volt\n",
+ "VDS1=7 #in Volt\n",
+ "VDS2=15 #in Volt\n",
+ "VDS3=15 #in Volt\n",
+ "ID1=10 #in mA\n",
+ "ID2=10.25 #in mA\n",
+ "ID3=9.65 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "delVDS=VDS2-VDS1 #in Volts\n",
+ "delID=ID2-ID1 #in mA\n",
+ "rd=delVDS/delID #in Kohm\n",
+ "delVGS=VGS3-VGS2 #in Volts\n",
+ "delID=ID3-ID2 #in mA\n",
+ "gm=delID*10**-3/delVGS #in mhos\n",
+ "mu=rd*10**3*gm #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result \n",
+ "print(\"AC drain resistance in Kohm : %.0f\"%rd)\n",
+ "print(\"Transconductance in mhos : %.3f\"%gm)\n",
+ "print(\"Amplification factor : %.0f\"%mu)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "AC drain resistance in Kohm : 32\n",
+ "Transconductance in mhos : 0.003\n",
+ "Amplification factor : 96\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.5, Pae No.224"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Voltage Amplification\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "gm=2 #in milli-mho\n",
+ "RL=10 #in Kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "Av=gm*10**-3*RL*10**3 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"assuming rd>>RL\")\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage amplification : %.0f\"%Av)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "assuming rd>>RL\n",
+ "Voltage amplification : 20\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.6, Page No.224"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Output voltage of amplifier\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "RL=20.0 #in Kohm\n",
+ "RS=1.0 #in Kohm\n",
+ "RG=1.0 #in Mohm\n",
+ "Cs=25.0*10**-6 #in uF\n",
+ "mu=20.0 #unitless\n",
+ "rd=100.0 #in Kohm\n",
+ "Vs=2.0 #in Volt\n",
+ "f=1.0*10**3 #in KHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Xc=1/(2*math.pi*f*Cs) #in Ohm\n",
+ "Av=mu*RL/(rd+RL) #unitless\n",
+ "Vo=Av*Vs #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Xc in Ohm : %.1f\"%(math.floor(Xc*10)/10))\n",
+ "print(\"As Xc<<Rs, therefore Cs bypasses all ac components. \")\n",
+ "print(\"Output voltage in volt : %.2f\"%Vo)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Xc in Ohm : 6.3\n",
+ "As Xc<<Rs, therefore Cs bypasses all ac components. \n",
+ "Output voltage in volt : 6.67\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.7, Page No.224"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#IDQ VGSQ VD VS VDS VDG\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=2.1 #in Mohm\n",
+ "R2=270 #in Kohm\n",
+ "RD=4.7 #in Kohm\n",
+ "RS=1.5 #in Kohm\n",
+ "VDD=20 #in Volt\n",
+ "VP=-4 #in Volt\n",
+ "IDSS=8 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#step 1 : Find VGS :\n",
+ "VG=R2*10**3*VDD/(R1*10**6+R2*10**3) \n",
+ "print(\"step 1\\nVS=ID*RS-VGS Volt\")\n",
+ "print(\"VGS=VG-VS=2.28-1.5*ID\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#step 2 : Find ID :\n",
+ "print(\"\\nstep 2\\nID=IDSS*[1-VGS/VP]^2 mA\")\n",
+ "print(\"ID=8*[1-(2.28-1.5*ID)/4]^2 mA\")\n",
+ "print(\"2*ID=39.44-18.84*ID+2.25*ID^2\")\n",
+ "print(\"2.25*ID^2-20.84*ID39.44=0\")\n",
+ "print(\"ID=6.6mA or 2.65mA\")\n",
+ "print(\"For ID =6.6mA VDS=-ve\")\n",
+ "print(\"So discard the value so IDQ = 2.65mA.\")\n",
+ "ID=2.65 #in mA\n",
+ "#step 3 : Find VGSQ :\n",
+ "IDQ=ID #in mA\n",
+ "VGS=2.28 #in Volt\n",
+ "VGSQ=VGS-1.5*IDQ #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#step 4 : Find VDSQ :\n",
+ "VDSQ=VDD-IDQ*(RD+RS)#in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#step 5 : Find VD,VS and VDG :\n",
+ "VDS=VDSQ #in Volt\n",
+ "VG=VGS #in Volt\n",
+ "VS=ID*RS #in Volt\n",
+ "VD=VS+VDS #in Volt\n",
+ "VDG=VD-VG #in Volt\n",
+ "print(\"IDQ in mA : %.3f\"%IDQ)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nstep 3\\nVGSQ in Volt :%.3f\"%VGSQ)\n",
+ "print(\"VD in Volt :%.3f\"%VD)\n",
+ "print(\"VS in Volt :%.3f\"%VS)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nstep 4\\nVDS in Volt :%.2f\"%VDS)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nstep 5\\nVDG in Volt :%.3f\"%VDG)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "step 1\n",
+ "VS=ID*RS-VGS Volt\n",
+ "VGS=VG-VS=2.28-1.5*ID\n",
+ "\n",
+ "step 2\n",
+ "ID=IDSS*[1-VGS/VP]^2 mA\n",
+ "ID=8*[1-(2.28-1.5*ID)/4]^2 mA\n",
+ "2*ID=39.44-18.84*ID+2.25*ID^2\n",
+ "2.25*ID^2-20.84*ID39.44=0\n",
+ "ID=6.6mA or 2.65mA\n",
+ "For ID =6.6mA VDS=-ve\n",
+ "So discard the value so IDQ = 2.65mA.\n",
+ "IDQ in mA : 2.650\n",
+ "\n",
+ "step 3\n",
+ "VGSQ in Volt :-1.695\n",
+ "VD in Volt :7.545\n",
+ "VS in Volt :3.975\n",
+ "\n",
+ "step 4\n",
+ "VDS in Volt :3.57\n",
+ "\n",
+ "step 5\n",
+ "VDG in Volt :5.265\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.8, page no.226"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Pinch off voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "a=5.6*10**-6/2 #in meter\n",
+ "k=12 #unitless\n",
+ "epsilon_o=8.86*10**-12 #in F/m\n",
+ "epsilon=k*epsilon_o #in F/m\n",
+ "ND=10**15 #in cm^-3\n",
+ "ND=10**15*10**6 #in m^-3\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #in Coulamb\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculationd\n",
+ "VP=e*ND*a**2/(2*epsilon) #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Pinch off voltage in volts : %.2f\"%VP)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Pinch off voltage in volts : 5.90\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.10, Page No.226"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Plot gm VS IDSS\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "print(\"We have,\\nID=IDSS*[1-VGS/VP]^2\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"Mutual conductance, gm = (delID/delVGS)\\n\\t\\t = IDSS*2*[1-VGS/VP]*(-1/VP)\\n\\t\\t = (-2*IDSS/VP)*[1-VGS/VP]\");\n",
+ "################------------PLOT------------#############\n",
+ "t = arange(0.0001,3 , 0.0005)\n",
+ "t2 = arange(0.0001,8.0/3.0 , 0.0005)\n",
+ "a=arange(0.001,8,0.0005)\n",
+ "x=(8.0*a/3.0)/a\n",
+ "plot(t2,8*t2/t2,'b')\n",
+ "plot(x,a,'b')\n",
+ "plot(t,(3*t),'--')\n",
+ "text(1.2,8.2,'gm')\n",
+ "text(8.0/3.1,8.2,'Vgs = 0')\n",
+ "text(8.0/4,4.1,'tan(theta) =1/3')\n",
+ "xlabel('gm(in mS)')\n",
+ "ylabel('IDSS(in mA)')\n",
+ "title('gm versus IDSS')\n",
+ "#########---------------------------------------##########\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"\\nClearly the plot of gm vs IDSS for VD=-6V, IDSS=8mA is a straight line of slope=-2/VP=-(2/-6)=1/3\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "We have,\n",
+ "ID=IDSS*[1-VGS/VP]^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Mutual conductance, gm = (delID/delVGS)\n",
+ "\t\t = IDSS*2*[1-VGS/VP]*(-1/VP)\n",
+ "\t\t = (-2*IDSS/VP)*[1-VGS/VP]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Clearly the plot of gm vs IDSS for VD=-6V, IDSS=8mA is a straight line of slope=-2/VP=-(2/-6)=1/3"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "display_data",
+ "png": 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LrcDRR5MmTdCzZ08EBARg9uzZGDduHI4fP44uXbpg7dq18PX11W77eIet7HWv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\n",
+ "text": [
+ "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x8656ba8>"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.11, Page No.234"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Channel width W\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "L=1.25 #in um\n",
+ "mu_n=0.065 #in m^2/V-s\n",
+ "Cox=6.9*10**-4 #in F/m^2\n",
+ "VT=0.65 #in Volt\n",
+ "ID_sat=4 #in mA\n",
+ "VGS=5 #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : ID_sat=W*mu_n*Cox*(VGS-VT)^2/(2*L)\n",
+ "W=ID_sat*10**-3*2*L*10**-6/(mu_n*Cox*(VGS-VT)**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Channel Width in micro meter :%.1f\"%(W*10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Channel Width in micro meter :11.8\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..0b55fc7f --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_6_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,458 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 6: Field Effect Transistors and MOSFETs"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.1, Page No.219"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of Transconductance\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VGS1=-3.1 #in Volt\n",
+ "VGS2=-3 #in Volt\n",
+ "ID1=1 #in mA\n",
+ "ID2=1.3 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "delVGS=VGS2-VGS1 #in Volts\n",
+ "delID=ID2-ID1 #in mA\n",
+ "gm=delID*10**-3/delVGS #in mhos\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Transconductance in mhos : %.3f\"%gm)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Transconductance in mhos : 0.003\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.2, Page No.219"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#AC drain resistance transconductance and amplification factor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VGS1=0 #in Volt\n",
+ "VGS2=0 #in Volt\n",
+ "VGS3=-0.2 #in Volt\n",
+ "VDS1=7 #in Volt\n",
+ "VDS2=15 #in Volt\n",
+ "VDS3=15 #in Volt\n",
+ "ID1=10 #in mA\n",
+ "ID2=10.25 #in mA\n",
+ "ID3=9.65 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "delVDS=VDS2-VDS1 #in Volts\n",
+ "delID=ID2-ID1 #in mA\n",
+ "rd=delVDS/delID #in Kohm\n",
+ "delVGS=VGS3-VGS2 #in Volts\n",
+ "delID=ID3-ID2 #in mA\n",
+ "gm=delID*10**-3/delVGS #in mhos\n",
+ "mu=rd*10**3*gm #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result \n",
+ "print(\"AC drain resistance in Kohm : %.0f\"%rd)\n",
+ "print(\"Transconductance in mhos : %.3f\"%gm)\n",
+ "print(\"Amplification factor : %.0f\"%mu)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "AC drain resistance in Kohm : 32\n",
+ "Transconductance in mhos : 0.003\n",
+ "Amplification factor : 96\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.5, Pae No.224"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Voltage Amplification\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "gm=2 #in milli-mho\n",
+ "RL=10 #in Kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "Av=gm*10**-3*RL*10**3 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"assuming rd>>RL\")\n",
+ "print(\"Voltage amplification : %.0f\"%Av)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "assuming rd>>RL\n",
+ "Voltage amplification : 20\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.6, Page No.224"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Output voltage of amplifier\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "RL=20.0 #in Kohm\n",
+ "RS=1.0 #in Kohm\n",
+ "RG=1.0 #in Mohm\n",
+ "Cs=25.0*10**-6 #in uF\n",
+ "mu=20.0 #unitless\n",
+ "rd=100.0 #in Kohm\n",
+ "Vs=2.0 #in Volt\n",
+ "f=1.0*10**3 #in KHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Xc=1/(2*math.pi*f*Cs) #in Ohm\n",
+ "Av=mu*RL/(rd+RL) #unitless\n",
+ "Vo=Av*Vs #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Xc in Ohm : %.1f\"%(math.floor(Xc*10)/10))\n",
+ "print(\"As Xc<<Rs, therefore Cs bypasses all ac components. \")\n",
+ "print(\"Output voltage in volt : %.2f\"%Vo)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Xc in Ohm : 6.3\n",
+ "As Xc<<Rs, therefore Cs bypasses all ac components. \n",
+ "Output voltage in volt : 6.67\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.7, Page No.224"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#IDQ VGSQ VD VS VDS VDG\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=2.1 #in Mohm\n",
+ "R2=270 #in Kohm\n",
+ "RD=4.7 #in Kohm\n",
+ "RS=1.5 #in Kohm\n",
+ "VDD=20 #in Volt\n",
+ "VP=-4 #in Volt\n",
+ "IDSS=8 #in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#step 1 : Find VGS :\n",
+ "VG=R2*10**3*VDD/(R1*10**6+R2*10**3) \n",
+ "print(\"step 1\\nVS=ID*RS-VGS Volt\")\n",
+ "print(\"VGS=VG-VS=2.28-1.5*ID\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#step 2 : Find ID :\n",
+ "print(\"\\nstep 2\\nID=IDSS*[1-VGS/VP]^2 mA\")\n",
+ "print(\"ID=8*[1-(2.28-1.5*ID)/4]^2 mA\")\n",
+ "print(\"2*ID=39.44-18.84*ID+2.25*ID^2\")\n",
+ "print(\"2.25*ID^2-20.84*ID39.44=0\")\n",
+ "print(\"ID=6.6mA or 2.65mA\")\n",
+ "print(\"For ID =6.6mA VDS=-ve\")\n",
+ "print(\"So discard the value so IDQ = 2.65mA.\")\n",
+ "ID=2.65 #in mA\n",
+ "#step 3 : Find VGSQ :\n",
+ "IDQ=ID #in mA\n",
+ "VGS=2.28 #in Volt\n",
+ "VGSQ=VGS-1.5*IDQ #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#step 4 : Find VDSQ :\n",
+ "VDSQ=VDD-IDQ*(RD+RS)#in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#step 5 : Find VD,VS and VDG :\n",
+ "VDS=VDSQ #in Volt\n",
+ "VG=VGS #in Volt\n",
+ "VS=ID*RS #in Volt\n",
+ "VD=VS+VDS #in Volt\n",
+ "VDG=VD-VG #in Volt\n",
+ "print(\"IDQ in mA : %.3f\"%IDQ)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nstep 3\\nVGSQ in Volt :%.3f\"%VGSQ)\n",
+ "print(\"VD in Volt :%.3f\"%VD)\n",
+ "print(\"VS in Volt :%.3f\"%VS)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nstep 4\\nVDS in Volt :%.2f\"%VDS)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nstep 5\\nVDG in Volt :%.3f\"%VDG)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "step 1\n",
+ "VS=ID*RS-VGS Volt\n",
+ "VGS=VG-VS=2.28-1.5*ID\n",
+ "\n",
+ "step 2\n",
+ "ID=IDSS*[1-VGS/VP]^2 mA\n",
+ "ID=8*[1-(2.28-1.5*ID)/4]^2 mA\n",
+ "2*ID=39.44-18.84*ID+2.25*ID^2\n",
+ "2.25*ID^2-20.84*ID39.44=0\n",
+ "ID=6.6mA or 2.65mA\n",
+ "For ID =6.6mA VDS=-ve\n",
+ "So discard the value so IDQ = 2.65mA.\n",
+ "IDQ in mA : 2.650\n",
+ "\n",
+ "step 3\n",
+ "VGSQ in Volt :-1.695\n",
+ "VD in Volt :7.545\n",
+ "VS in Volt :3.975\n",
+ "\n",
+ "step 4\n",
+ "VDS in Volt :3.57\n",
+ "\n",
+ "step 5\n",
+ "VDG in Volt :5.265\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.8, page no.226"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Pinch off voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "a=5.6*10**-6/2 #in meter\n",
+ "k=12 #unitless\n",
+ "epsilon_o=8.86*10**-12 #in F/m\n",
+ "epsilon=k*epsilon_o #in F/m\n",
+ "ND=10**15 #in cm^-3\n",
+ "ND=10**15*10**6 #in m^-3\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #in Coulamb\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculationd\n",
+ "VP=e*ND*a**2/(2*epsilon) #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Pinch off voltage in volts : %.2f\"%VP)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Pinch off voltage in volts : 5.90\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.10, Page No.226"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Plot gm VS IDSS\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "print(\"We have,\\nID=IDSS*[1-VGS/VP]^2\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"Mutual conductance, gm = (delID/delVGS)\\n\\t\\t = IDSS*2*[1-VGS/VP]*(-1/VP)\\n\\t\\t = (-2*IDSS/VP)*[1-VGS/VP]\");\n",
+ "################------------PLOT------------#############\n",
+ "t = arange(0.0001,3 , 0.0005)\n",
+ "t2 = arange(0.0001,8.0/3.0 , 0.0005)\n",
+ "a=arange(0.001,8,0.0005)\n",
+ "x=(8.0*a/3.0)/a\n",
+ "plot(t2,8*t2/t2,'b')\n",
+ "plot(x,a,'b')\n",
+ "plot(t,(3*t),'--')\n",
+ "text(1.2,8.2,'gm')\n",
+ "text(8.0/3.1,8.2,'Vgs = 0')\n",
+ "text(8.0/4,4.1,'tan(theta) =1/3')\n",
+ "xlabel('gm(in mS)')\n",
+ "ylabel('IDSS(in mA)')\n",
+ "title('gm versus IDSS')\n",
+ "#########---------------------------------------##########\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"\\nClearly the plot of gm vs IDSS for VD=-6V, IDSS=8mA is a straight line of slope=-2/VP=-(2/-6)=1/3\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "We have,\n",
+ "ID=IDSS*[1-VGS/VP]^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Mutual conductance, gm = (delID/delVGS)\n",
+ "\t\t = IDSS*2*[1-VGS/VP]*(-1/VP)\n",
+ "\t\t = (-2*IDSS/VP)*[1-VGS/VP]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Clearly the plot of gm vs IDSS for VD=-6V, IDSS=8mA is a straight line of slope=-2/VP=-(2/-6)=1/3"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "display_data",
+ "png": 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LrcDRR5MmTdCzZ08EBARg9uzZGDduHI4fP44uXbpg7dq18PX11W77eIet7HWv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\n",
+ "text": [
+ "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x8656ba8>"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 6.11, Page No.234"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Channel width W\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "L=1.25 #in um\n",
+ "mu_n=0.065 #in m^2/V-s\n",
+ "Cox=6.9*10**-4 #in F/m^2\n",
+ "VT=0.65 #in Volt\n",
+ "ID_sat=4 #in mA\n",
+ "VGS=5 #in Volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Formula : ID_sat=W*mu_n*Cox*(VGS-VT)^2/(2*L)\n",
+ "W=ID_sat*10**-3*2*L*10**-6/(mu_n*Cox*(VGS-VT)**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Channel Width in micro meter :%.1f\"%(W*10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Channel Width in micro meter :11.8\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..141aa7dd --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 7: Magnetic Materials"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 7.1, Page No.252"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Horizontal component of magnetic Intensity\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Bo=1.7*10**-5 #in weber/m^2\n",
+ "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "H=Bo/meu_o #in A/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Horizontal component of magnetic filed intensity in A/m : %.1f\"%H);"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Horizontal component of magnetic filed intensity in A/m : 13.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "exammple 7.2, Page No. 252"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Current through solenoid\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable Declaration\n",
+ "H=5*10**3 #in Ampere-turns/m\n",
+ "l=10 #in cm\n",
+ "l=l*10**-2 #in meter\n",
+ "N=50 #no. of turns\n",
+ "n=N/l #no. of turns per unit length\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : H=n*i\n",
+ "i=H/n #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Current should be sent through solenoid in Ampere : %.0f\"%i)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current should be sent through solenoid in Ampere : 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 7.3, page no.252"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Magnetic moment of rod\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "meu_r=1000 #relative permeability\n",
+ "n=5 #turns/cm\n",
+ "n=n*10**2 #turns/meter\n",
+ "i=0.5 #in Ampere\n",
+ "Volume=10**-4 #in m^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "I=(meu_r-1)*n*i #in Ampere\n",
+ "MagneticMoment=I*Volume #in Ameter^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Magnetic moment of the rod in Ampere-meter^2 : %.0f\"%(math.ceil(MagneticMoment)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Magnetic moment of the rod in Ampere-meter^2 : 25\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 7.4, Page No.253"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Flux density magnetic intensity and permeability\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable Declaration\n",
+ "l=30 #in cm\n",
+ "l=l*10**-2 #in meter\n",
+ "A=1 #in cm^2\n",
+ "A=A*10**-4 #in meter^2\n",
+ "N=300 #turns of wire\n",
+ "i=0.032 #in Ampere\n",
+ "FI_B=2*10**-6 #in weber\n",
+ "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "B=FI_B/A #in weber/meter^2\n",
+ "H=N*i/l #in amp-turn/meter\n",
+ "meu=B/H #in weber/Amp-meter\n",
+ "meu_r=meu/meu_o #Relative Permeability\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Flux Density in weber/meter^2 :%.2f \"%B)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nmagnetic Intensity in amp-turn/meter : %.0f\"%H)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPermeability in weber/amp-meter :%.2f *10^-4\"%(meu*10**4))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nRelative Permeability :%.3f \"%meu_r)\n",
+ "#Answer of relative permeability is wrong in the book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Flux Density in weber/meter^2 :0.02 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "magnetic Intensity in amp-turn/meter : 32\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Permeability in weber/amp-meter :6.25 *10^-4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Relative Permeability :497.359 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 7.5, Page No.253"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Relative Permeability\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Xci_m=9.48*10**-9 #usceptibility of medium(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "meu_r=1+Xci_m #relative permeability(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Relative Permeability : %.2f * 10^-9\\n\"%(meu_r*10**9));\n",
+ "print(\"i.e, Relative Permeability is sligtly greater than 1.\");"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Relative Permeability : 1000000009.48 * 10^-9\n",
+ "\n",
+ "i.e, Relative Permeability is sligtly greater than 1.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 7.6, page No.253"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Magnetising Force and material magnetisation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declarationm\n",
+ "n=10 #turns/cm\n",
+ "n=n*10**2 #turns/meter\n",
+ "i=2 #in Ampere\n",
+ "B=1 #in weber/meter^2\n",
+ "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "H=n*i #in amp-turn/meter\n",
+ "#Formula : B=meu_o*(H+I)\n",
+ "I=B/meu_o-H #in amp-turn/meter\n",
+ "meu_r=B/(meu_o*H) #relative permeability(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Magnetising Force in amp-turn/meter :%.0f \"%H)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nMagn etisation of material in amp-turn/meter %.2f * 10^5:\"%(math.ceil(I/10**3)/100))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nRelative Permeability : %.0f\"%(math.floor(meu_r)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Magnetising Force in amp-turn/meter :2000 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Magn etisation of material in amp-turn/meter 7.94 * 10^5:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Relative Permeability : 397\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..141aa7dd --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_7_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 7: Magnetic Materials"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 7.1, Page No.252"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Horizontal component of magnetic Intensity\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Bo=1.7*10**-5 #in weber/m^2\n",
+ "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "H=Bo/meu_o #in A/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Horizontal component of magnetic filed intensity in A/m : %.1f\"%H);"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Horizontal component of magnetic filed intensity in A/m : 13.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "exammple 7.2, Page No. 252"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Current through solenoid\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable Declaration\n",
+ "H=5*10**3 #in Ampere-turns/m\n",
+ "l=10 #in cm\n",
+ "l=l*10**-2 #in meter\n",
+ "N=50 #no. of turns\n",
+ "n=N/l #no. of turns per unit length\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Formula : H=n*i\n",
+ "i=H/n #in Ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Current should be sent through solenoid in Ampere : %.0f\"%i)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Current should be sent through solenoid in Ampere : 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 7.3, page no.252"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Magnetic moment of rod\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "meu_r=1000 #relative permeability\n",
+ "n=5 #turns/cm\n",
+ "n=n*10**2 #turns/meter\n",
+ "i=0.5 #in Ampere\n",
+ "Volume=10**-4 #in m^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "I=(meu_r-1)*n*i #in Ampere\n",
+ "MagneticMoment=I*Volume #in Ameter^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Magnetic moment of the rod in Ampere-meter^2 : %.0f\"%(math.ceil(MagneticMoment)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Magnetic moment of the rod in Ampere-meter^2 : 25\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 7.4, Page No.253"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Flux density magnetic intensity and permeability\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable Declaration\n",
+ "l=30 #in cm\n",
+ "l=l*10**-2 #in meter\n",
+ "A=1 #in cm^2\n",
+ "A=A*10**-4 #in meter^2\n",
+ "N=300 #turns of wire\n",
+ "i=0.032 #in Ampere\n",
+ "FI_B=2*10**-6 #in weber\n",
+ "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "B=FI_B/A #in weber/meter^2\n",
+ "H=N*i/l #in amp-turn/meter\n",
+ "meu=B/H #in weber/Amp-meter\n",
+ "meu_r=meu/meu_o #Relative Permeability\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Flux Density in weber/meter^2 :%.2f \"%B)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nmagnetic Intensity in amp-turn/meter : %.0f\"%H)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPermeability in weber/amp-meter :%.2f *10^-4\"%(meu*10**4))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nRelative Permeability :%.3f \"%meu_r)\n",
+ "#Answer of relative permeability is wrong in the book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Flux Density in weber/meter^2 :0.02 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "magnetic Intensity in amp-turn/meter : 32\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Permeability in weber/amp-meter :6.25 *10^-4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Relative Permeability :497.359 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 7.5, Page No.253"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Relative Permeability\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Xci_m=9.48*10**-9 #usceptibility of medium(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "meu_r=1+Xci_m #relative permeability(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Relative Permeability : %.2f * 10^-9\\n\"%(meu_r*10**9));\n",
+ "print(\"i.e, Relative Permeability is sligtly greater than 1.\");"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Relative Permeability : 1000000009.48 * 10^-9\n",
+ "\n",
+ "i.e, Relative Permeability is sligtly greater than 1.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 7.6, page No.253"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Magnetising Force and material magnetisation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declarationm\n",
+ "n=10 #turns/cm\n",
+ "n=n*10**2 #turns/meter\n",
+ "i=2 #in Ampere\n",
+ "B=1 #in weber/meter^2\n",
+ "meu_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 #permeability of free space in weber/amp-meter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "H=n*i #in amp-turn/meter\n",
+ "#Formula : B=meu_o*(H+I)\n",
+ "I=B/meu_o-H #in amp-turn/meter\n",
+ "meu_r=B/(meu_o*H) #relative permeability(unitless)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Magnetising Force in amp-turn/meter :%.0f \"%H)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nMagn etisation of material in amp-turn/meter %.2f * 10^5:\"%(math.ceil(I/10**3)/100))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nRelative Permeability : %.0f\"%(math.floor(meu_r)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Magnetising Force in amp-turn/meter :2000 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Magn etisation of material in amp-turn/meter 7.94 * 10^5:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Relative Permeability : 397\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..2f0f9ff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,677 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 8: Oscillators"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.1, Page No.272"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#feed bck factor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=50.0 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Beta=1/A #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Barkhausen criterion for oscillator : Beta*A=1\")\n",
+ "print(\"Feedback Factor to make oscillator : %.2f\"%Beta)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Barkhausen criterion for oscillator : Beta*A=1\n",
+ "Feedback Factor to make oscillator : 0.02\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.2, Page No.277"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Range of variable capacitor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "L=100 #in uH\n",
+ "L=L*10**-6 #in H\n",
+ "f1=500.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "f1=f1*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+ "f2=1500.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "f2=f2*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C))\n",
+ "C1=1/(4*math.pi**2*f1**2*L)\n",
+ "C2=1/(4*math.pi**2*f2**2*L)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Range of capacitor : %.0f pF to %.0f pF\"%(C2*10**12,math.ceil(C1*10**12)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Range of capacitor : 113 pF to 1014 pF\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.3, page No.283"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#C2 of colpitt oscilator\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "L=100.0 #in mH\n",
+ "L=L*10**-3 #in H\n",
+ "C1=0.1 #in uF\n",
+ "C1=C1*10**-6 #in F\n",
+ "f=100.0*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+ "f=f*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : f=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))\n",
+ "C=1.0/(4*math.pi**2*f**2*L)\n",
+ "#Formula : C=C1*C2/(C1+C2)\n",
+ "C2=C*C1/(C1-C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"C2 in farad : %.3f * 10^15\"%(C2*10**15))\n",
+ "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "C2 in farad : 0.025 * 10^15\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.4, page No. 288"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Frequency of oscillation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R=100 #in kOhm\n",
+ "R=R*10**3 #in Ohm\n",
+ "C=0.01 #in uF\n",
+ "C=C*10**-6 #in F\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "fo=math.sqrt(6)/(2*math.pi*R*C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Frequency of oscillation in Hz : %.3f\"%fo)\n",
+ "#Note : Answer in the book is not accurate."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequency of oscillation in Hz : 389.848\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.5, Page No.288"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Amplifier voltage gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Put alfa=sqrt(6) to find the gain\");\n",
+ "alfa=math.sqrt(6) #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "Beta=1/(1-5*alfa**2);\n",
+ "#Barkhausen critera : A*|Beta|>=1\n",
+ "Beta=-Beta\n",
+ "A=1/Beta\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum Gain of Amplifier must be :%.0f \"%A)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Put alfa=sqrt(6) to find the gain\n",
+ "Minimum Gain of Amplifier must be :29 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.6, Page No.292"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Frequency of oscillation and min current gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=50.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R1=R1*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "C1=0.001 #in uF\n",
+ "C1=C1*10**-6 #in F\n",
+ "R2=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=R2*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "C2=0.01 #in uF\n",
+ "C2=C2*10**-6 #in F\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "#Formula : f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(C1*C2*R1*R2))\n",
+ "f=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(C1*C2*R1*R2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "CurrentGain=1+C2/C1+R1/R2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Frequency of oscillations in kHz :%.3f \"%(f/1000.0))\n",
+ "print(\"Current Gain :%.0f \"%CurrentGain)\n",
+ "#Note:Answer for Frequency of oscillations is incorrect in the book"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequency of oscillations in kHz :7.118 \n",
+ "Current Gain :61 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.7, Page No.292"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Resistnce to cover frequency range\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "fmin=20.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "fmax=20.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "Cmin=30.0 #in pF\n",
+ "Cmax=300.0 #in pF\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : fo=1/(2*%pi*R*C))\n",
+ "R=1/(2*math.pi*fmin*Cmax*10**-12)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#To cover frequency range from 200Hz to 2kHz R should be decrease by factor of 10\n",
+ "R_dash = R/10.0 \n",
+ "#TO cover the frequency range from 2kHz to 20kHz, R should be decrease by factor of 100\n",
+ "R_dash_2= R/100.0\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum Fequeny correspond to maximum capacitance.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Required resistance in Mohm : %.1f\"%(R/10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nR_dash in MOhm = %.2f (for frequency range 200Hz to 2kHz)\"%(R_dash/10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nR_dash_2 in kOhm = %.0f(for frequency range 2kHz to 20kHz)\"%(R_dash_2*1000//10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum Fequeny correspond to maximum capacitance.\n",
+ "Required resistance in Mohm : 26.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R_dash in MOhm = 2.65 (for frequency range 200Hz to 2kHz)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R_dash_2 in kOhm = 265(for frequency range 2kHz to 20kHz)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.8, Page No.296"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Resonant Frequency\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "f=500.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "T1=50.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "T2=60.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "TC=-20.0 #in ppm/degree C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ChangeInFreq=TC*(f*10**-3)*(T1-T2) #in Hz\n",
+ "ResonantFreq=f*1000-ChangeInFreq #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Resonant frequency in kHz : %.1f\"%(ResonantFreq/1000))\n",
+ "#Note : answer in the book is wrong."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resonant frequency in kHz : 499.9\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.9, Page No.296"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Resonant Frequency\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declarations\n",
+ "f=450.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "T1=30.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "T2=50.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "TC=-10.0 #in ppm/degree C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "PercentChange=-TC*100/10**6 #in %\n",
+ "TotalChangeInFreq=(PercentChange/100)*(f*10**3)*(T2-T1) #in Hz\n",
+ "ResonantFreq=f*1000-TotalChangeInFreq #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Resonant frequency in kHz :%.3f \"%(ResonantFreq/1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resonant frequency in kHz :449.910 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.10, Page No.297"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Parallel and series resonant frequencies\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "L=0.5 #in H\n",
+ "C=0.05 #in pF\n",
+ "R=1 #in kohm\n",
+ "Cm=1 #in pF\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "fs=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*C*10**-12))\n",
+ "fp=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt((L*C*10**-12*Cm*10**-12)/(C*10**-12+Cm*10**-12)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Series resonant frequency in MHz :%.3f\"%(fs/10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"Parallel resonant frequency in MHz :%.3f\"%(fp/10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Series resonant frequency in MHz :1.007\n",
+ "Parallel resonant frequency in MHz :1.031\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Miscellaneous example 8.1, Page No.302"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of L\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "L2=0.4 #in mH\n",
+ "C=0.004 #in \u00b5F\n",
+ "f=120 #in KHz\n",
+ "L1=1/(4*math.pi**2*(f*10**3)**2*C*10**-6)-L2*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of L1(in mH) :%.2f\"%(L1*10**3))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of L1(in mH) :0.04\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Miscellaneous example 8.2, page No.303"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of C and hfe\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "fo=10.0 #in KHz\n",
+ "R1=25.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=60.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "Rc=40.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R=7.1 #in kohm\n",
+ "hie=1.8 #in kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "C=1/(2*math.pi*fo*10**3*R*10**3*math.sqrt(6+4*Rc/R))\n",
+ "hfe=23+29*R/Rc+4*Rc/R\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of Capacitor(in nF) %.3f\"%(C*10**9))\n",
+ "print(\"Value of hfe is \u2265 %.3f\"%hfe)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of Capacitor(in nF) 0.420\n",
+ "Value of hfe is \u2265 50.683\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Miscellaneous example 8.3, Page No.303"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of Capacitor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R=100.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "fo=10.0 #in KHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "C=1/(2*math.pi*fo*10**3*R*10**3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of Capacitor(in pF) :%.0f\"%(C*10**12))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of Capacitor(in pF) :159\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 47
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Miscellaneous example 8.4, page No.304"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Various parameter of colpitt oscillator\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "L=40.0 #in mH\n",
+ "C1=100.0 #in pF\n",
+ "C2=500.0 #in pF\n",
+ "Vout=10.0 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "fo=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*10**-3*C1*10**-12*C2*10**-12/(C1*10**-12+C2*10**-12)))\n",
+ "print(\"Frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :%.1f\"%(fo*10**-3))\n",
+ "Vf=Vout*C1/C2\n",
+ "Gain=C2/C1\n",
+ "Gain=10 #given\n",
+ "C1=C2/Gain #in pF\n",
+ "fo=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*10**-3*C1*10**-12*C2*10**-12/(C1*10**-12+C2*10**-12)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Feedback voltage in volt :%.0f\"%Vf)\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum Gain is %.0f\"%Gain)\n",
+ "print(\"For a gain of 10 C1 in pF is :%.0f\"%C1)\n",
+ "print(\"New frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :%.3f\"%(fo*10**-3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :87.2\n",
+ "Feedback voltage in volt :2\n",
+ "Minimum Gain is 10\n",
+ "For a gain of 10 C1 in pF is :50\n",
+ "New frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :118.032\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Miscellaneous example 8.5, Page No.305"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Resonant frequencies and Q factor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "L=0.5 #in H\n",
+ "Cs=0.06 #in pF\n",
+ "Cp=1.0 #in pF\n",
+ "R=5.0 #in Kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "fs=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*Cs*10**-12))\n",
+ "Q=2*math.pi*fs*L/(R*10**3)\n",
+ "print(\"Seies resonance frequency(in KHz): %.1f\"%(fs/10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Q-factor f the crystal at fs is %.0f\"%Q)\n",
+ "fp=(1/(2*math.pi))*math.sqrt((Cs*10**-12+Cp*10**-12)/(L*Cs*10**-12*Cp*10**-12))\n",
+ "Q=2*math.pi*fp*L/(R*10**3)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nSeies resonance frequency(in KHz) : %.0f\"%(fp/10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Q-factor f the crystal at fs is %.0f\"%Q)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Seies resonance frequency(in KHz): 918.9\n",
+ "Q-factor f the crystal at fs is 577\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Seies resonance frequency(in KHz) : 946\n",
+ "Q-factor f the crystal at fs is 594\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 61
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..2f0f9ff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_8_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,677 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 8: Oscillators"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.1, Page No.272"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#feed bck factor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "A=50.0 #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Beta=1/A #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Barkhausen criterion for oscillator : Beta*A=1\")\n",
+ "print(\"Feedback Factor to make oscillator : %.2f\"%Beta)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Barkhausen criterion for oscillator : Beta*A=1\n",
+ "Feedback Factor to make oscillator : 0.02\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.2, Page No.277"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Range of variable capacitor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "L=100 #in uH\n",
+ "L=L*10**-6 #in H\n",
+ "f1=500.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "f1=f1*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+ "f2=1500.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "f2=f2*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C))\n",
+ "C1=1/(4*math.pi**2*f1**2*L)\n",
+ "C2=1/(4*math.pi**2*f2**2*L)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Range of capacitor : %.0f pF to %.0f pF\"%(C2*10**12,math.ceil(C1*10**12)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Range of capacitor : 113 pF to 1014 pF\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.3, page No.283"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#C2 of colpitt oscilator\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "L=100.0 #in mH\n",
+ "L=L*10**-3 #in H\n",
+ "C1=0.1 #in uF\n",
+ "C1=C1*10**-6 #in F\n",
+ "f=100.0*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+ "f=f*10**3 #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : f=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))\n",
+ "C=1.0/(4*math.pi**2*f**2*L)\n",
+ "#Formula : C=C1*C2/(C1+C2)\n",
+ "C2=C*C1/(C1-C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"C2 in farad : %.3f * 10^15\"%(C2*10**15))\n",
+ "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "C2 in farad : 0.025 * 10^15\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.4, page No. 288"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Frequency of oscillation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R=100 #in kOhm\n",
+ "R=R*10**3 #in Ohm\n",
+ "C=0.01 #in uF\n",
+ "C=C*10**-6 #in F\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "fo=math.sqrt(6)/(2*math.pi*R*C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print(\"Frequency of oscillation in Hz : %.3f\"%fo)\n",
+ "#Note : Answer in the book is not accurate."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequency of oscillation in Hz : 389.848\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.5, Page No.288"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Amplifier voltage gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Put alfa=sqrt(6) to find the gain\");\n",
+ "alfa=math.sqrt(6) #unitless\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "Beta=1/(1-5*alfa**2);\n",
+ "#Barkhausen critera : A*|Beta|>=1\n",
+ "Beta=-Beta\n",
+ "A=1/Beta\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum Gain of Amplifier must be :%.0f \"%A)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Put alfa=sqrt(6) to find the gain\n",
+ "Minimum Gain of Amplifier must be :29 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.6, Page No.292"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Frequency of oscillation and min current gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R1=50.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R1=R1*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "C1=0.001 #in uF\n",
+ "C1=C1*10**-6 #in F\n",
+ "R2=1.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=R2*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+ "C2=0.01 #in uF\n",
+ "C2=C2*10**-6 #in F\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "#Formula : f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(C1*C2*R1*R2))\n",
+ "f=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(C1*C2*R1*R2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "CurrentGain=1+C2/C1+R1/R2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Frequency of oscillations in kHz :%.3f \"%(f/1000.0))\n",
+ "print(\"Current Gain :%.0f \"%CurrentGain)\n",
+ "#Note:Answer for Frequency of oscillations is incorrect in the book"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequency of oscillations in kHz :7.118 \n",
+ "Current Gain :61 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.7, Page No.292"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Resistnce to cover frequency range\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "fmin=20.0 #in Hz\n",
+ "fmax=20.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "Cmin=30.0 #in pF\n",
+ "Cmax=300.0 #in pF\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Formula : fo=1/(2*%pi*R*C))\n",
+ "R=1/(2*math.pi*fmin*Cmax*10**-12)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#To cover frequency range from 200Hz to 2kHz R should be decrease by factor of 10\n",
+ "R_dash = R/10.0 \n",
+ "#TO cover the frequency range from 2kHz to 20kHz, R should be decrease by factor of 100\n",
+ "R_dash_2= R/100.0\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum Fequeny correspond to maximum capacitance.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Required resistance in Mohm : %.1f\"%(R/10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nR_dash in MOhm = %.2f (for frequency range 200Hz to 2kHz)\"%(R_dash/10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nR_dash_2 in kOhm = %.0f(for frequency range 2kHz to 20kHz)\"%(R_dash_2*1000//10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum Fequeny correspond to maximum capacitance.\n",
+ "Required resistance in Mohm : 26.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R_dash in MOhm = 2.65 (for frequency range 200Hz to 2kHz)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R_dash_2 in kOhm = 265(for frequency range 2kHz to 20kHz)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.8, Page No.296"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Resonant Frequency\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "f=500.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "T1=50.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "T2=60.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "TC=-20.0 #in ppm/degree C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ChangeInFreq=TC*(f*10**-3)*(T1-T2) #in Hz\n",
+ "ResonantFreq=f*1000-ChangeInFreq #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Resonant frequency in kHz : %.1f\"%(ResonantFreq/1000))\n",
+ "#Note : answer in the book is wrong."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resonant frequency in kHz : 499.9\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.9, Page No.296"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Resonant Frequency\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declarations\n",
+ "f=450.0 #in kHz\n",
+ "T1=30.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "T2=50.0 #in degree C\n",
+ "TC=-10.0 #in ppm/degree C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "PercentChange=-TC*100/10**6 #in %\n",
+ "TotalChangeInFreq=(PercentChange/100)*(f*10**3)*(T2-T1) #in Hz\n",
+ "ResonantFreq=f*1000-TotalChangeInFreq #in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Resonant frequency in kHz :%.3f \"%(ResonantFreq/1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resonant frequency in kHz :449.910 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 8.10, Page No.297"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Parallel and series resonant frequencies\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "L=0.5 #in H\n",
+ "C=0.05 #in pF\n",
+ "R=1 #in kohm\n",
+ "Cm=1 #in pF\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "fs=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*C*10**-12))\n",
+ "fp=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt((L*C*10**-12*Cm*10**-12)/(C*10**-12+Cm*10**-12)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Series resonant frequency in MHz :%.3f\"%(fs/10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"Parallel resonant frequency in MHz :%.3f\"%(fp/10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Series resonant frequency in MHz :1.007\n",
+ "Parallel resonant frequency in MHz :1.031\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Miscellaneous example 8.1, Page No.302"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of L\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "L2=0.4 #in mH\n",
+ "C=0.004 #in \u00b5F\n",
+ "f=120 #in KHz\n",
+ "L1=1/(4*math.pi**2*(f*10**3)**2*C*10**-6)-L2*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of L1(in mH) :%.2f\"%(L1*10**3))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of L1(in mH) :0.04\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Miscellaneous example 8.2, page No.303"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of C and hfe\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "fo=10.0 #in KHz\n",
+ "R1=25.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R2=60.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "Rc=40.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "R=7.1 #in kohm\n",
+ "hie=1.8 #in kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "C=1/(2*math.pi*fo*10**3*R*10**3*math.sqrt(6+4*Rc/R))\n",
+ "hfe=23+29*R/Rc+4*Rc/R\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of Capacitor(in nF) %.3f\"%(C*10**9))\n",
+ "print(\"Value of hfe is \u2265 %.3f\"%hfe)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of Capacitor(in nF) 0.420\n",
+ "Value of hfe is \u2265 50.683\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Miscellaneous example 8.3, Page No.303"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Value of Capacitor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "R=100.0 #in kohm\n",
+ "fo=10.0 #in KHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "C=1/(2*math.pi*fo*10**3*R*10**3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Value of Capacitor(in pF) :%.0f\"%(C*10**12))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of Capacitor(in pF) :159\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 47
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Miscellaneous example 8.4, page No.304"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Various parameter of colpitt oscillator\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "L=40.0 #in mH\n",
+ "C1=100.0 #in pF\n",
+ "C2=500.0 #in pF\n",
+ "Vout=10.0 #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "fo=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*10**-3*C1*10**-12*C2*10**-12/(C1*10**-12+C2*10**-12)))\n",
+ "print(\"Frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :%.1f\"%(fo*10**-3))\n",
+ "Vf=Vout*C1/C2\n",
+ "Gain=C2/C1\n",
+ "Gain=10 #given\n",
+ "C1=C2/Gain #in pF\n",
+ "fo=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*10**-3*C1*10**-12*C2*10**-12/(C1*10**-12+C2*10**-12)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Feedback voltage in volt :%.0f\"%Vf)\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum Gain is %.0f\"%Gain)\n",
+ "print(\"For a gain of 10 C1 in pF is :%.0f\"%C1)\n",
+ "print(\"New frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :%.3f\"%(fo*10**-3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :87.2\n",
+ "Feedback voltage in volt :2\n",
+ "Minimum Gain is 10\n",
+ "For a gain of 10 C1 in pF is :50\n",
+ "New frequency of oscillation (in KHz) :118.032\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Miscellaneous example 8.5, Page No.305"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Resonant frequencies and Q factor\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "L=0.5 #in H\n",
+ "Cs=0.06 #in pF\n",
+ "Cp=1.0 #in pF\n",
+ "R=5.0 #in Kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "fs=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*Cs*10**-12))\n",
+ "Q=2*math.pi*fs*L/(R*10**3)\n",
+ "print(\"Seies resonance frequency(in KHz): %.1f\"%(fs/10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Q-factor f the crystal at fs is %.0f\"%Q)\n",
+ "fp=(1/(2*math.pi))*math.sqrt((Cs*10**-12+Cp*10**-12)/(L*Cs*10**-12*Cp*10**-12))\n",
+ "Q=2*math.pi*fp*L/(R*10**3)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nSeies resonance frequency(in KHz) : %.0f\"%(fp/10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Q-factor f the crystal at fs is %.0f\"%Q)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Seies resonance frequency(in KHz): 918.9\n",
+ "Q-factor f the crystal at fs is 577\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Seies resonance frequency(in KHz) : 946\n",
+ "Q-factor f the crystal at fs is 594\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 61
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d6016975 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 9: Uninjunction Transistor"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 9.1, Page No.310"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Stand of voltage and peak point Voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "VBB=20 #in volt\n",
+ "VB=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n",
+ "ETA=0.6 #intrinsic stand off ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "StandOffVoltage=ETA*VBB; #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Resuly\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(i)\\nStand Off Voltage in volts :%.0f\"%StandOffVoltage)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "VP=ETA*VBB+VB #in volts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nPeak point Voltage in volts : %.1f\"%VP)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Stand Off Voltage in volts :12\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Peak point Voltage in volts : 12.7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 9.2, Page no. 310"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Time period of sawtooth waveform\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VP=10.0 #in volt\n",
+ "R=100.0 #in Kohm\n",
+ "C=1000.0 #in pF\n",
+ "VBB=20.0 #in Volts\n",
+ "ETA=VP/VBB #intrinsic stand off ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "T=R*10**3*C*10**-12*math.log(1/(1-ETA)) #in sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Resullt\n",
+ "print(\"Time period of sawtooth wave in micro seconds : %.2f\"%(T*10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Time period of sawtooth wave in micro seconds : 69.31\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 9.3, Page No.311"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Resistances RB1 and RB2\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "RBB=10 #in Kohm\n",
+ "ETA=0.6 #intrinsic stand off ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "RB1=ETA*RBB #in Kohm\n",
+ "RB2=RBB-RB1 #in Kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Resistance RB1 in Kohm :%.0f\"%RB1)\n",
+ "print(\"Resistance RB2 in Kohm :%.0f\"%RB2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resistance RB1 in Kohm :6\n",
+ "Resistance RB2 in Kohm :4\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d6016975 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/EDC_ch_9_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 9: Uninjunction Transistor"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 9.1, Page No.310"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Stand of voltage and peak point Voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "VBB=20 #in volt\n",
+ "VB=0.7 #in volt(For Si)\n",
+ "ETA=0.6 #intrinsic stand off ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (i)\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "StandOffVoltage=ETA*VBB; #in volt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Resuly\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(i)\\nStand Off Voltage in volts :%.0f\"%StandOffVoltage)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part (ii)\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "VP=ETA*VBB+VB #in volts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(ii)\\nPeak point Voltage in volts : %.1f\"%VP)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(i)\n",
+ "Stand Off Voltage in volts :12\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)\n",
+ "Peak point Voltage in volts : 12.7\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 9.2, Page no. 310"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Time period of sawtooth waveform\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VP=10.0 #in volt\n",
+ "R=100.0 #in Kohm\n",
+ "C=1000.0 #in pF\n",
+ "VBB=20.0 #in Volts\n",
+ "ETA=VP/VBB #intrinsic stand off ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "T=R*10**3*C*10**-12*math.log(1/(1-ETA)) #in sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Resullt\n",
+ "print(\"Time period of sawtooth wave in micro seconds : %.2f\"%(T*10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Time period of sawtooth wave in micro seconds : 69.31\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "example 9.3, Page No.311"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Resistances RB1 and RB2\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "RBB=10 #in Kohm\n",
+ "ETA=0.6 #intrinsic stand off ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "RB1=ETA*RBB #in Kohm\n",
+ "RB2=RBB-RB1 #in Kohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Resistance RB1 in Kohm :%.0f\"%RB1)\n",
+ "print(\"Resistance RB2 in Kohm :%.0f\"%RB2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resistance RB1 in Kohm :6\n",
+ "Resistance RB2 in Kohm :4\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/README.txt b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/README.txt new file mode 100755 index 00000000..c0612b7b --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Contributed By: Laxman Sole +Course: btech +College/Institute/Organization: Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune +Department/Designation: Electronics Engineering +Book Title: Electronic Devices And Circuits +Author: Satya Prakash, Saurabh Rawat +Publisher: Anand Publications, New Delhi +Year of publication: 2012 +Isbn: 978-93-80225-48-7 +Edition: 3
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