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diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_/Chapter12.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_/Chapter12.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6ec53a3f --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_/Chapter12.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,470 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "Chapter_12" + }, + "nbformat": 2, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h1>Chapter 12: The Operational Amplifier<h1>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.1, Page Number: 392<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''CMRR opamp'''", + "", + "import math", + "A_ol=100000.0; #open loop voltage gain", + "A_cm=0.2; #common mode gain", + "CMRR=A_ol/A_cm;", + "CMRR_dB=20*math.log10(CMRR);", + "print('CMRR = %d'%CMRR)", + "print('CMRR in decibels = %f'%CMRR_dB)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "CMRR = 500000", + "CMRR in decibels = 113.979400" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.2, Page Number: 395<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Slew rate'''", + "", + "del_t=1.0; # in microseconds", + "#lower limit is -9V and upper limit is 9V from the graph", + "del_V_out=9.0-(-9.0);", + "slew_rate=del_V_out/del_t;", + "print('slew rate =%d V/microseconds'%slew_rate)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slew rate =18 V/microseconds" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.3, Page Number: 400<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Non inverting amplifier'''", + "", + "R_f=100*10**3;", + "R_i=4.7*10**3;", + "A_cl_NI=1+(R_f/R_i);", + "print('closed loop voltage gain = %f'%A_cl_NI)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "closed loop voltage gain = 22.276596" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.4,Page Number: 402<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Inverting amplifier'''", + "", + "R_i=2.2*10**3;", + "A_cl=-100.0; #closed loop voltage gain", + "R_f=abs(A_cl)*R_i;", + "print('value of R_f = %d ohms'%R_f)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "value of R_f = 220000 ohms" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.5, Page Number: 404<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Impedance noninverting amplifier'''", + "", + "Z_in=2*10**6;", + "Z_out=75.0;", + "A_ol=200000.0;", + "R_f=220.0*10**3;", + "R_i=10.0*10**3;", + "B=R_i/(R_i+R_f); #B is attenuation", + "Z_in_NI=(1+A_ol*B)*Z_in;", + "Z_out_NI=Z_out/(1+A_ol*B);", + "A_cl_NI=1+(R_f/R_i);", + "Z_in_NI=Z_in_NI/10**10", + "print('input impedance = %f * 10^10 ohms'%Z_in_NI)", + "print('output impedance = %f ohms'%Z_out_NI)", + "print('closed loop voltage gain = %d'%A_cl_NI)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "input impedance = 1.739330 * 10^10 ohms", + "output impedance = 0.008624 ohms", + "closed loop voltage gain = 23" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.6, Page Number: 405<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Voltage follower impedance'''", + "", + "B=1.0; #voltage follower configuration", + "A_ol=200000.0;", + "Z_in=2*10**6;", + "Z_out=75.0;", + "Z_in_VF=(1+A_ol)*Z_in;", + "Z_out_VF=Z_out/(1+A_ol);", + "Z_in_VF=Z_in_VF*10**-11", + "print('input impedance = %d * 10^11 Ohms'%Z_in_VF)", + "print('output impedance = %f Ohms'%Z_out_VF)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "input impedance = 4 * 10^11 Ohms", + "output impedance = 0.000375 Ohms" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.7, Page Number: 406<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Impedance inverting amplifier'''", + "", + "R_i=1.0*10**3;", + "R_f=100.0*10**3;", + "Z_in=4.0*10**6;", + "Z_out=50.0;", + "A_ol=50000.0;", + "B=R_i/(R_i+R_f); #attenuation", + "Z_in_I=R_i; #almost equal to R_i", + "Z_out_I=Z_out/(1+(A_ol*B));", + "A_cl_I=-R_f/R_i;", + "print('input impedance = %d Ohms'%Z_in_I)", + "print('output impedance = %f Ohms'%Z_out_I)", + "print('closed loop voltage gain =%d'%A_cl_I)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "input impedance = 1000 Ohms", + "output impedance = 0.100796 Ohms", + "closed loop voltage gain =-100" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.8, Page Number: 412<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Open Loop gain'''", + "", + "import math", + "f_c_ol=100.0;", + "A_ol_mid=100000.0;", + "f=0.0;", + "A_ol=A_ol_mid/(math.sqrt(1+(f/f_c_ol)**2))", + "print('open loop gain when f=0Hz is %f'%A_ol);", + "f=10.0;", + "A_ol=A_ol_mid/(math.sqrt(1+(f/f_c_ol)**2))", + "print('open loop gain when f=10Hz is %f'%A_ol)", + "f=100.0;", + "A_ol=A_ol_mid/(math.sqrt(1+(f/f_c_ol)**2))", + "print('open loop gain when f=100Hz is %f'%A_ol)", + "f=1000.0;", + "A_ol=A_ol_mid/(math.sqrt(1+(f/f_c_ol)**2))", + "print('open loop gain when f=1000Hz is %f'%A_ol)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "open loop gain when f=0Hz is 100000.000000", + "open loop gain when f=10Hz is 99503.719021", + "open loop gain when f=100Hz is 70710.678119", + "open loop gain when f=1000Hz is 9950.371902" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.9,Page Number: 413<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''phase RC lag'''", + "", + "import math", + "f_c=100.0;", + "f=1.0;", + "theta_rad=-math.atan((f/f_c))", + "theta=theta_rad*180/math.pi;", + "print('phase lag when f=1Hz = %f degrees'%theta)", + "", + "f=10.0;", + "theta_rad=-math.atan((f/f_c))", + "theta=theta_rad*180/math.pi;", + "print('phase lag when f=10Hz = %f degrees'%theta)", + "f=100.0;", + "theta_rad=-math.atan((f/f_c))", + "theta=theta_rad*180/math.pi; ", + "print('phase lag when f=100Hz = %f degrees'%theta)", + "f=1000.0;", + "theta_rad=-math.atan((f/f_c))", + "theta=theta_rad*180/math.pi;", + "print('phase lag when f=1000Hz = %f degrees'%theta)", + "f=10000.0;", + "theta_rad=-math.atan((f/f_c))", + "theta=theta_rad*180/math.pi;", + "print('phase lag when f=10000Hz = %f degrees'%theta)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "phase lag when f=1Hz = -0.572939 degrees", + "phase lag when f=10Hz = -5.710593 degrees", + "phase lag when f=100Hz = -45.000000 degrees", + "phase lag when f=1000Hz = -84.289407 degrees", + "phase lag when f=10000Hz = -89.427061 degrees" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.10, Page Number: 415<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Gain and phase lag'''", + "", + "import math", + "A_v1=40.0; #all gains are in decibels", + "A_v2=32.0;", + "A_v3=20.0;", + "f_c1=2*10**3;", + "f_c2=40*10**3;", + "f_c3=150*10**3;", + "f=f_c1;", + "A_ol_mid=A_v1+A_v2+A_v3;", + "#theta 1", + "theta_rad1=-math.atan((f/f_c1))", + "theta1=theta_rad1*180/math.pi;", + "", + "#theta 2", + "theta_rad2=-math.atan((f/f_c2))", + "theta2=theta_rad2*180/math.pi;", + "", + "#theta 3", + "theta_rad3=-math.atan((f/f_c3))", + "theta3=theta_rad3*180/math.pi;", + "", + "theta_tot=theta1+theta2+theta3;", + "print('open loop midrange gain in decibels is %d'%A_ol_mid)", + "print('total phase lag in degrees is %d'%theta_tot)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "open loop midrange gain in decibels is 92", + "total phase lag in degrees is -45" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.11, Page Number: 416<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Closed loop bandwidth'''", + "", + "A_ol_mid=150000.0; #open loop midrange gain", + "B=0.002; #feedback attenuation", + "BW_ol=200; #open loop bandwidth", + "BW_cl=BW_ol*(1+B*A_ol_mid);", + "print('closed loop bandwidth = %d Hz'%BW_cl)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "closed loop bandwidth = 60200 Hz" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "source": [ + "<h3>Example 12.12, Page Number: 417<h3>" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "'''Amplifier bandwidth'''", + "", + "BW=3*10**6; #unity gain bandwidth", + "A_ol=100.0; #open loop gain", + "print(\"non-inverting amplifier\")", + "R_f=220.0*10**3;", + "R_i=3.3*10**3;", + "A_cl=1+(R_f/R_i); #closed loop gain", + "BW_cl=BW/A_cl;", + "print('closed loop bandwidth = %f Hz'%BW_cl)", + "print(\"inverting amplifier\")", + "R_f=47.0*10**3;", + "R_i=1.0*10**3;", + "A_cl=-R_f/R_i;", + "BW_cl=BW/(abs(A_cl));", + "print('closed loop bandwidth = %f Hz'%BW_cl)" + ], + "language": "python", + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "non-inverting amplifier", + "closed loop bandwidth = 44334.975369 Hz", + "inverting amplifier", + "closed loop bandwidth = 63829.787234 Hz" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + } + ] + } + ] +}
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