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-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "Chapter_12"
- },
- "nbformat": 2,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h1>Chapter 12: The Operational Amplifier<h1>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.1, Page Number: 392<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "import math",
- "A_ol=100000.0; #open loop voltage gain",
- "A_cm=0.2; #common mode gain",
- "CMRR=A_ol/A_cm;",
- "CMRR_dB=20*math.log10(CMRR);",
- "print('CMRR = %d'%CMRR)",
- "print('CMRR in decibels = %f'%CMRR_dB)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "CMRR = 500000",
- "CMRR in decibels = 113.979400"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 1
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.2, Page Number: 395<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "del_t=1.0; # in microseconds",
- "#lower limit is -9V and upper limit is 9V from the graph",
- "del_V_out=9.0-(-9.0);",
- "slew_rate=del_V_out/del_t;",
- "print('slew rate =%d V/microseconds'%slew_rate)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "slew rate =18 V/microseconds"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 2
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.3, Page Number: 400<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "R_f=100*10**3;",
- "R_i=4.7*10**3;",
- "A_cl_NI=1+(R_f/R_i);",
- "print('closed loop voltage gain = %f'%A_cl_NI)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "closed loop voltage gain = 22.276596"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.4,Page Number: 402<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "R_i=2.2*10**3;",
- "A_cl=-100.0; #closed loop voltage gain",
- "R_f=abs(A_cl)*R_i;",
- "print('value of R_f = %d ohms'%R_f)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "value of R_f = 220000 ohms"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 4
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.5, Page Number: 404<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "Z_in=2*10**6;",
- "Z_out=75.0;",
- "A_ol=200000.0;",
- "R_f=220.0*10**3;",
- "R_i=10.0*10**3;",
- "B=R_i/(R_i+R_f); #B is attenuation",
- "Z_in_NI=(1+A_ol*B)*Z_in;",
- "Z_out_NI=Z_out/(1+A_ol*B);",
- "A_cl_NI=1+(R_f/R_i);",
- "Z_in_NI=Z_in_NI/10**10",
- "print('input impedance = %f * 10^10 ohms'%Z_in_NI)",
- "print('output impedance = %f ohms'%Z_out_NI)",
- "print('closed loop voltage gain = %d'%A_cl_NI)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "input impedance = 1.739330 * 10^10 ohms",
- "output impedance = 0.008624 ohms",
- "closed loop voltage gain = 23"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 5
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.6, Page Number: 405<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "B=1.0; #voltage follower configuration",
- "A_ol=200000.0;",
- "Z_in=2*10**6;",
- "Z_out=75.0;",
- "Z_in_VF=(1+A_ol)*Z_in;",
- "Z_out_VF=Z_out/(1+A_ol);",
- "Z_in_VF=Z_in_VF*10**-11",
- "print('input impedance = %d * 10^11 Ohms'%Z_in_VF)",
- "print('output impedance = %f Ohms'%Z_out_VF)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "input impedance = 4 * 10^11 Ohms",
- "output impedance = 0.000375 Ohms"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.7, Page Number: 406<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "R_i=1.0*10**3;",
- "R_f=100.0*10**3;",
- "Z_in=4.0*10**6;",
- "Z_out=50.0;",
- "A_ol=50000.0;",
- "B=R_i/(R_i+R_f); #attenuation",
- "Z_in_I=R_i; #almost equal to R_i",
- "Z_out_I=Z_out/(1+(A_ol*B));",
- "A_cl_I=-R_f/R_i;",
- "print('input impedance = %d Ohms'%Z_in_I)",
- "print('output impedance = %f Ohms'%Z_out_I)",
- "print('closed loop voltage gain =%d'%A_cl_I)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "input impedance = 1000 Ohms",
- "output impedance = 0.100796 Ohms",
- "closed loop voltage gain =-100"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 7
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.8, Page Number: 412<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "import math",
- "f_c_ol=100.0;",
- "A_ol_mid=100000.0;",
- "f=0.0;",
- "A_ol=A_ol_mid/(math.sqrt(1+(f/f_c_ol)**2))",
- "print('open loop gain when f=0Hz is %f'%A_ol);",
- "f=10.0;",
- "A_ol=A_ol_mid/(math.sqrt(1+(f/f_c_ol)**2))",
- "print('open loop gain when f=10Hz is %f'%A_ol)",
- "f=100.0;",
- "A_ol=A_ol_mid/(math.sqrt(1+(f/f_c_ol)**2))",
- "print('open loop gain when f=100Hz is %f'%A_ol)",
- "f=1000.0;",
- "A_ol=A_ol_mid/(math.sqrt(1+(f/f_c_ol)**2))",
- "print('open loop gain when f=1000Hz is %f'%A_ol)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "open loop gain when f=0Hz is 100000.000000",
- "open loop gain when f=10Hz is 99503.719021",
- "open loop gain when f=100Hz is 70710.678119",
- "open loop gain when f=1000Hz is 9950.371902"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 8
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.9,Page Number: 413<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "import math",
- "f_c=100.0;",
- "f=1.0;",
- "theta_rad=-math.atan((f/f_c))",
- "theta=theta_rad*180/math.pi;",
- "print('phase lag when f=1Hz = %f degrees'%theta)",
- "",
- "f=10.0;",
- "theta_rad=-math.atan((f/f_c))",
- "theta=theta_rad*180/math.pi;",
- "print('phase lag when f=10Hz = %f degrees'%theta)",
- "f=100.0;",
- "theta_rad=-math.atan((f/f_c))",
- "theta=theta_rad*180/math.pi; ",
- "print('phase lag when f=100Hz = %f degrees'%theta)",
- "f=1000.0;",
- "theta_rad=-math.atan((f/f_c))",
- "theta=theta_rad*180/math.pi;",
- "print('phase lag when f=1000Hz = %f degrees'%theta)",
- "f=10000.0;",
- "theta_rad=-math.atan((f/f_c))",
- "theta=theta_rad*180/math.pi;",
- "print('phase lag when f=10000Hz = %f degrees'%theta)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "phase lag when f=1Hz = -0.572939 degrees",
- "phase lag when f=10Hz = -5.710593 degrees",
- "phase lag when f=100Hz = -45.000000 degrees",
- "phase lag when f=1000Hz = -84.289407 degrees",
- "phase lag when f=10000Hz = -89.427061 degrees"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 9
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.10, Page Number: 415<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "import math",
- "A_v1=40.0; #all gains are in decibels",
- "A_v2=32.0;",
- "A_v3=20.0;",
- "f_c1=2*10**3;",
- "f_c2=40*10**3;",
- "f_c3=150*10**3;",
- "f=f_c1;",
- "A_ol_mid=A_v1+A_v2+A_v3;",
- "#theta 1",
- "theta_rad1=-math.atan((f/f_c1))",
- "theta1=theta_rad1*180/math.pi;",
- "",
- "#theta 2",
- "theta_rad2=-math.atan((f/f_c2))",
- "theta2=theta_rad2*180/math.pi;",
- "",
- "#theta 3",
- "theta_rad3=-math.atan((f/f_c3))",
- "theta3=theta_rad3*180/math.pi;",
- "",
- "theta_tot=theta1+theta2+theta3;",
- "print('open loop midrange gain in decibels is %d'%A_ol_mid)",
- "print('total phase lag in degrees is %d'%theta_tot)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "open loop midrange gain in decibels is 92",
- "total phase lag in degrees is -45"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 10
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.11, Page Number: 416<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "A_ol_mid=150000.0; #open loop midrange gain",
- "B=0.002; #feedback attenuation",
- "BW_ol=200; #open loop bandwidth",
- "BW_cl=BW_ol*(1+B*A_ol_mid);",
- "print('closed loop bandwidth = %d Hz'%BW_cl)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "closed loop bandwidth = 60200 Hz"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 11
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "source": [
- "<h3>Example 12.12, Page Number: 417<h3>"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "",
- "BW=3*10**6; #unity gain bandwidth",
- "A_ol=100.0; #open loop gain",
- "print(\"non-inverting amplifier\")",
- "R_f=220.0*10**3;",
- "R_i=3.3*10**3;",
- "A_cl=1+(R_f/R_i); #closed loop gain",
- "BW_cl=BW/A_cl;",
- "print('closed loop bandwidth = %f Hz'%BW_cl)",
- "print(\"inverting amplifier\")",
- "R_f=47.0*10**3;",
- "R_i=1.0*10**3;",
- "A_cl=-R_f/R_i;",
- "BW_cl=BW/(abs(A_cl));",
- "print('closed loop bandwidth = %f Hz'%BW_cl)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "non-inverting amplifier",
- "closed loop bandwidth = 44334.975369 Hz",
- "inverting amplifier",
- "closed loop bandwidth = 63829.787234 Hz"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 12
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
-} \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2025-01-09 12:47:32 +0000