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diff --git a/Electric_Machinery_and_Transformers/CHAP_13.ipynb b/Electric_Machinery_and_Transformers/CHAP_13.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..094f4068 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electric_Machinery_and_Transformers/CHAP_13.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,563 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "CHAPTER 13: RATINGS, SELECTION, AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRIC MACHINERY"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.1, Page number 460"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "T = 125.0 #Recorded temperature by the embedded detectors(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "life_orig = 10.0 #Standard life of the motor(years)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "delta_T = T-105 #Positive temp diff b/w the given max hottest spot temp of its insulation and ambient temp recorded\n",
+ "R = 2**(delta_T/10.0) #Life reduction factor\n",
+ "Life_calc = life_orig/R #Reduced life expectancy of the motor(years)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Life reduction factor , R = %.f ' %R)\n",
+ "print('Reduced life expectancy of the motor , Life_calc = %.1f years' %Life_calc)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Life reduction factor , R = 4 \n",
+ "Reduced life expectancy of the motor , Life_calc = 2.5 years\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.2, Page number 460"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "T = 75.0 #Recorded temperature by the embedded detectors(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "life_orig = 10.0 #Standard life of the motor(years)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "delta_T = 105-T #Positive temp diff b/w the given max hottest spot temp of its insulation and ambient temp recorded\n",
+ "E = 2**(delta_T/10.0) #Life extension factor\n",
+ "Life_calc = life_orig*E #Increased life expectancy of the motor(years)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Life extension factor , E = %.f ' %E)\n",
+ "print('Increased life expectancy of the motor , Life_calc = %.f years' %Life_calc)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Life extension factor , E = 8 \n",
+ "Increased life expectancy of the motor , Life_calc = 80 years\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.3, Page number 461"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "T_A = 105.0 #Recorded temperature by the embedded detectors at hottest spot limiting temp by class A(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "T_B = 130.0 #Recorded temperature by the embedded detectors at hottest spot limiting temp by class B(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "life_orig = 5.0 #Standard life of the motor(years)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "delta_T = T_B-T_A #Positive temp diff b/w the given max hottest spot temp of its insulation and ambient temp recorded\n",
+ "E = 2**(delta_T/10.0) #Life extension factor\n",
+ "Life_new = life_orig*E #Increased life expectancy of the motor(years)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('New life if wound with class B insulation , Life_new = %.1f years' %Life_new)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "New life if wound with class B insulation , Life_new = 28.3 years\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.4, Page number 463"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "P_o = 25.0 #Rated power of SCIM(hp)\n",
+ "T_ambient = 40.0 #Standard ambient temperature recorded by the embedded hot-spot detectors(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "T_hottest = 115.0 #Hottest-spot winding temperature recorded by the embedded hot-spot detectors(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "delta_Tf = 90.0 #Allowable temperature rise for the insulation type used(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "T_rise = T_hottest-T_ambient #Actual temperature rise of the SCIM(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "P_f = P_o*(delta_Tf/T_rise) #Approximate power the motor can deliver at temperature rise(hp)\n",
+ "power = 30.0 #Power rating that may be stamped on the name plate(hp)\n",
+ "delta_Tf_e = 90.0 #Temperature rise that must be stamped on the name plate(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Case(a): Allowable temperature rise for the insulation type used = %.f\u00b0C' %delta_Tf)\n",
+ "print('Case(b): Actual temperature rise of the SCIM = %.f\u00b0C' %T_rise)\n",
+ "print('Case(c): Approximate power the motor can deliver at the temperature rise , P_f = %.f hp' %P_f)\n",
+ "print('Case(d): Power rating that may be stamped on the name plate = %.f hp' %power)\n",
+ "print('Case(e): Temperature rise that must be stamped on the name plate = %.f\u00b0C' %delta_Tf_e)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Case(a): Allowable temperature rise for the insulation type used = 90\u00b0C\n",
+ "Case(b): Actual temperature rise of the SCIM = 75\u00b0C\n",
+ "Case(c): Approximate power the motor can deliver at the temperature rise , P_f = 30 hp\n",
+ "Case(d): Power rating that may be stamped on the name plate = 30 hp\n",
+ "Case(e): Temperature rise that must be stamped on the name plate = 90\u00b0C\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.5, Page number 464"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "P_o = 50.0 #Power rating of the WRIM(hp)\n",
+ "T_hottest = 160.0 #Hottest-spot winding temperature recorded by the embedded hot-spot detectors(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "T_ambient = 40.0 #Standard ambient temperature recorded by the embedded hot-spot detectors(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "P_f_a = 40.0 #Power rating of load(hp)\n",
+ "P_f_b = 55.0 #Power rating of load(hp)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Case(a)\n",
+ "delta_T_o = T_hottest-T_ambient #Temperature rise for the insulation type used(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "delta_T_f_a = (P_f_a/P_o)*delta_T_o #Final temperature rise(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "T_f_a = delta_T_f_a+T_ambient #Approximate final hot-spot temperature(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "#Case(b)\n",
+ "delta_T_f_b = (P_f_b/P_o)*delta_T_o #Final temperature rise(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "T_f_b = delta_T_f_b+T_ambient #Approximate final hot-spot temperature(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Case(a): Approximate final hot-spot temperature at a continuous output load of 40 hp , T_f = %.f\u00b0C ' %T_f_a)\n",
+ "print('Case(b): Approximate final hot-spot temperature at a continuous output load of 55 hp , T_f = %.f\u00b0C ' %T_f_b)\n",
+ "print(' Yes, Motor life is reduced at 110 percent motor load because allowable maximum hot-spot motor temperature is 155\u00b0C')"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Case(a): Approximate final hot-spot temperature at a continuous output load of 40 hp , T_f = 136\u00b0C \n",
+ "Case(b): Approximate final hot-spot temperature at a continuous output load of 55 hp , T_f = 172\u00b0C \n",
+ " Yes, Motor life is reduced at 110 percent motor load because allowable maximum hot-spot motor temperature is 155\u00b0C\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.6, Page number 464"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "P_o = 55.0 #Power rating of the WRIM(hp)\n",
+ "T_ambient = 40.0 #Standard ambient temperature recorded by the embedded hot-spot detectors(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "life_orig = 10.0 #Standard life of the motor(years)\n",
+ "T_f = 172.0 #Approximate final hot-spot temperature(\u00b0C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "delta_T = T_f-155.0 #Positive temp diff b/w the given max hottest spot temp of its insulation and ambient temp recorded\n",
+ "R = 2**(delta_T/10.0) #Life reduction factor\n",
+ "Life_calc = life_orig/R #Reduced life expectancy of the motor(years)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Reduced life expectancy of the motor , Life_calc = %.2f years' %Life_calc)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Reduced life expectancy of the motor , Life_calc = 3.08 years\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.7, Page number 466"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "P_o = 200.0 #Power rating of the test motor(hp)\n",
+ "P1 = 200.0 #Operating power of test motor at t1 duration(hp)\n",
+ "t1 = 5.0 #Time duration for which test motor is operated(min) \n",
+ "P2 = 20.0 #Operating power of test motor at t2 duration(hp)\n",
+ "t2 = 5.0 #Time duration for which test motor is operated(min)\n",
+ "P3 = 0.0 #Operating power of test motor at t3 duration at rest(hp)\n",
+ "t3 = 10.0 #Time duration for which test motor is operated(min)\n",
+ "P4 = 100.0 #Operating power of test motor at t4 duration(hp)\n",
+ "t4 = 10.0 #Time duration for which test motor is operated(min) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "rms_hp = ((P1**2*t1+P2**2*t2+P3**2*t3+P4**2*t4)/(t1+t2+t3+t4/3))**0.5 #HP required for intermittent varying load\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Horsepower required for such an intermittent varying load , rms hp = %.f hp' %rms_hp)\n",
+ "print('125 hp motor would be selected because that is the nearest larger commercial standard rating')"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Horsepower required for such an intermittent varying load , rms hp = 114 hp\n",
+ "125 hp motor would be selected because that is the nearest larger commercial standard rating\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.8, Page number 472"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V = 120.0 #Rated output voltage of separately excited dc generator(V)\n",
+ "I = 100.0 #Rated output current of separately excited dc generator(A)\n",
+ "R = 0.1 #Armature resistance(ohm)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "V_b = V #Base voltage(V)\n",
+ "I_b = I #Base current(A)\n",
+ "R_b = V_b/I_b #Base resistance(ohm)\n",
+ "R_pu = R/R_b #Per-unit value of armature resistance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Case(a): Base voltage , V_b = %.f V' %V_b)\n",
+ "print('Case(b): Base current , I_b = %.f A' %I_b)\n",
+ "print('Case(b): Base resistance , R_b = %.1f \u03a9' %R_b)\n",
+ "print('Case(d): Per-unit value of armature resistance , R_p.u = %.3f p.u' %R_pu)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Case(a): Base voltage , V_b = 120 V\n",
+ "Case(b): Base current , I_b = 100 A\n",
+ "Case(b): Base resistance , R_b = 1.2 \u03a9\n",
+ "Case(d): Per-unit value of armature resistance , R_p.u = 0.083 p.u\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.9, Page number 473"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V = 500.0 #Rated voltage of the alternator(V)\n",
+ "P = 20.0 #Rated power of the alternator(kVA)\n",
+ "I = 40.0 #Rated current of the alternator(A)\n",
+ "R = 2.0 #Armature resistance(ohm)\n",
+ "X = 15.0 #Armature reactance(ohm)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "V_b = V #Base voltage(V)\n",
+ "I_b = I #Base current(A)\n",
+ "R_pu = R*I_b/V_b #Per-unit value of armature resistance\n",
+ "jX_pu = X*I_b/V_b #Per-unit value of armature reactance\n",
+ "Z_pu1 = complex(R_pu,jX_pu) #Per-unit value of armature impedance\n",
+ "Z_pu2 = complex(R,X)*(I/V) #Per-unit value of armature impedance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Case(a): Per unit value of armature resistance , R_p.u = %.2f p.u' %R_pu)\n",
+ "print('Case(b): Per unit value of armature reactance , jX_p.u = j%.1f p.u' %jX_pu)\n",
+ "print('Case(c): Per-unit value of armature impedance , Z_p.u = %.3f\u2220%.1f\u00b0 p.u (Method 1)' %(abs(Z_pu1),cmath.phase(Z_pu1)*180/math.pi))\n",
+ "print(' Per-unit value of armature impedance , Z_p.u = %.3f\u2220%.1f\u00b0 p.u (Method 2)' %(abs(Z_pu2),cmath.phase(Z_pu2)*180/math.pi))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Case(a): Per unit value of armature resistance , R_p.u = 0.16 p.u\n",
+ "Case(b): Per unit value of armature reactance , jX_p.u = j1.2 p.u\n",
+ "Case(c): Per-unit value of armature impedance , Z_p.u = 1.211\u222082.4\u00b0 p.u (Method 1)\n",
+ " Per-unit value of armature impedance , Z_p.u = 1.211\u222082.4\u00b0 p.u (Method 2)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.10, Page number 473"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V_orig = 500.0 #Rated voltage of the alternator(V)\n",
+ "kVA_orig = 20.0 #Rated power of the alternator(kVA)\n",
+ "I = 40.0 #Rated current of the alternator(A)\n",
+ "R = 2.0 #Armature resistance(ohm)\n",
+ "X = 15.0 #Armature reactance(ohm)\n",
+ "V_new = 5000.0 #New voltage of the alternator(V)\n",
+ "kVA_new = 100.0 #New power of the alternator(kVA)\n",
+ "Z_pu_orig = 1.211 #Original per-unit value of armature impedance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Z_pu_new = Z_pu_orig*(kVA_new/kVA_orig)*(V_orig/V_new)**2 #New per-unit impedance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('New per-unit impedance , Z_pu(new) = %.5f p.u' %Z_pu_new)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "New per-unit impedance , Z_pu(new) = 0.06055 p.u\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.11, Page number 474"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V = 2300.0 #Line voltage of 3-phase distribution system(V)\n",
+ "V_p = 1328.0 #Phase voltage of 3-phase distribution system(V)\n",
+ "V_b = 69000.0 #Common base line voltage(V)\n",
+ "V_pb = 39840.0 #Common base phase voltage(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "V_pu_line = V/V_b #Distribution system p.u line voltage\n",
+ "V_pu_phase = V_p/V_pb #Distribution system p.u phase voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Case(a): Distribution system p.u line voltage , V_pu = %.2f p.u' %V_pu_line)\n",
+ "print('Case(b): Distribution system p.u phase voltage , V_pu = %.2f p.u' %V_pu_phase)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Case(a): Distribution system p.u line voltage , V_pu = 0.03 p.u\n",
+ "Case(b): Distribution system p.u phase voltage , V_pu = 0.03 p.u\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.12, Page number 474"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "VA_b = 50.0 #Base power rating of the 3-phase Y-connected alternator(MVA)\n",
+ "V_b = 25.0 #Base voltage of the 3-phase Y-connected alternator(kV)\n",
+ "X_pu = 1.3 #Per unit value of synchronous reactance\n",
+ "R_pu = 0.05 #Per unit value of resistance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Case(a)\n",
+ "Z_b1 = V_b**2/VA_b #Base impedance(ohm)\n",
+ "S_b = VA_b #Base power rating of the 3-phase Y-connected alternator(MVA)\n",
+ "I_b = S_b/V_b #Base current(kA)\n",
+ "Z_b2 = V_b/I_b #Base impedance(ohm)\n",
+ "#Case(b)\n",
+ "Z_b = Z_b1 #Base impedance(ohm)\n",
+ "X_s = X_pu*Z_b #Actual value of synchronous reactance per phase(ohm)\n",
+ "#Case(c)\n",
+ "R_a = R_pu*Z_b #Actual value of armature stator resistance per phase(ohm)\n",
+ "#Case(d)\n",
+ "Z_s1 = complex(R_a,X_s) #Synchronous impedance per phase(ohm)\n",
+ "Z_pu = complex(R_pu,X_pu) #Per unit value of impedance\n",
+ "Z_s2 = Z_pu*Z_b #Synchronous impedance per phase(ohm)\n",
+ "#Case(d)\n",
+ "S = S_b #Base power rating of the 3-phase Y-connected alternator(MVA)\n",
+ "P = S*R_pu #Full-load copper losses for all three phases(MW)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print('Case(a): Base impedance , Z_b = %.1f \u03a9' %Z_b1)\n",
+ "print(' Base impedance , Z_b = %.1f \u03a9' %Z_b2)\n",
+ "print('Case(b): Actual value of synchronous reactance per phase , X_s = j%.2f \u03a9' %X_s)\n",
+ "print('Case(c): Actual value of armature stator resistance per phase , R_a = %.3f \u03a9' %R_a)\n",
+ "print('Case(d): Synchronous impedance per phase , Z_s = %.2f\u2220%.1f\u00b0 \u03a9 (Method 1)' %(abs(Z_s1),cmath.phase(Z_s1)*180/math.pi))\n",
+ "print(' Synchronous impedance per phase , Z_s = %.2f\u2220%.1f\u00b0 \u03a9 (Method 2)' %(abs(Z_s2),cmath.phase(Z_s2)*180/math.pi))\n",
+ "print('Case(e): Full-load copper losses for all three phases , P = %.1f MW' %P)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Case(a): Base impedance , Z_b = 12.5 \u03a9\n",
+ " Base impedance , Z_b = 12.5 \u03a9\n",
+ "Case(b): Actual value of synchronous reactance per phase , X_s = j16.25 \u03a9\n",
+ "Case(c): Actual value of armature stator resistance per phase , R_a = 0.625 \u03a9\n",
+ "Case(d): Synchronous impedance per phase , Z_s = 16.26\u222087.8\u00b0 \u03a9 (Method 1)\n",
+ " Synchronous impedance per phase , Z_s = 16.26\u222087.8\u00b0 \u03a9 (Method 2)\n",
+ "Case(e): Full-load copper losses for all three phases , P = 2.5 MW\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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