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diff --git a/Concepts_Of_Modern_Physics/Chapter_11.ipynb b/Concepts_Of_Modern_Physics/Chapter_11.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..c03fdd42 --- /dev/null +++ b/Concepts_Of_Modern_Physics/Chapter_11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 11:Nuclear Structure"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:11.1,Page no:393"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration \n",
+ "u= 1.66*(10**(-27)) #atomic mass unit, kg\n",
+ "Mc= 12*u # atomic mass of Carbon-12, kg\n",
+ "R= 2.7 #radius of nucleus, fm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "R=R*(10**(-15)) #converting to m\n",
+ "density= Mc/((4.0/3.0)*(math.pi)*(R**3)) # kg/m**3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "print\"Density of Carbon 12 nucleus is:%.2g\"%density,\"kg/m**3\"\n",
+ " \n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Density of Carbon 12 nucleus is:2.4e+17 kg/m**3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:11.2,Page no:393"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "r= 2.4 #distance between centre of the protons, fm\n",
+ "r= r*(10**(-15)) #converting to m\n",
+ "e= 1.6*(10**(-19)) #charge of an electron, C\n",
+ "Po= 8.85*(10**(-12)) #Permittivity of free space, F/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "K=1/(4*(math.pi)*Po) #constant, N.m**2/C**2\n",
+ "F= K*(e**2)/(r**2) #N\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The repulsive force is: \",round(F),\"N\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The repulsive force is: 40.0 N\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:11.3,Page no:395"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "B= 1.0 #strength of magnetic field, T\n",
+ "Mneutron= 3.152*(10**(-8)) #Magnetic moment for neutron, eV/T\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Part (a)\n",
+ "Mproton= 2.793*Mneutron #Magnetic moment for proton, eV/T\n",
+ "dE= 2*Mproton*B #eV\n",
+ "#Part (b)\n",
+ "h= 4.13*(10**(-15)) #Planck's constant, eV.s\n",
+ "Flarmor= dE/h #Hz\n",
+ "Flarmor= Flarmor/(10**6) #converting to MHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a).The energy difference is:%.4g\"%dE,\"eV\"\n",
+ "print\"(b).The Larmor frequency for a proton in the field is:\",round(Flarmor,1),\"MHz(APPROX)\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a).The energy difference is:1.761e-07 eV\n",
+ "(b).The Larmor frequency for a proton in the field is: 42.6 MHz(APPROX)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:11.4,Page no:401"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration \n",
+ "Ebinding= 160.647 #binding nergy, MeV\n",
+ "Mh= 1.007825 #Mass of H1 atom, u\n",
+ "Mn= 1.008665 #Mass of neutron, u\n",
+ "Z=10 #number of protons\n",
+ "N=10 #number of neutrons\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Mneon= ((Z*Mh)+(N*Mn))-(Ebinding/931.49) #using Eqn 11.7\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The atomic mass of Neon 10 isotope is: \",round(Mneon,3),\"u\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The atomic mass of Neon 10 isotope is: 19.992 u\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:11.5,Page no:402"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part(a)\n",
+ "Ca_42=41.958622 #[u] Mass of 42Ca20 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#from table\n",
+ "M_neutron=1.008665 #[u] Mass of a free neutron\n",
+ "Ca_41=40.962278 #[u] Mass of 41Ca20 after removal of 1 neutron\n",
+ "#Part(b):\n",
+ "#from table\n",
+ "M_proton=1.007276466812 #[u] Mass of a free proton\n",
+ "K_19=40.96237 #[u] Mass of Potasium Isotope 41K19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Part (a):\n",
+ "n_total=Ca_41+M_neutron\n",
+ "p_total=K_19+M_proton\n",
+ "neutron_BE=931.49*(n_total-Ca_42)#Binding energy in MeV\n",
+ "proton_BE=931.49*(p_total-Ca_42)\n",
+ "print \"(a).Binding energy of missing neutron is: \",round(neutron_BE,2),\"MeV\"\n",
+ "print\"(b).Binding energy for missing proton=\",round(proton_BE,2),\"MeV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a).Binding energy of missing neutron is: 11.48 MeV\n",
+ "(b).Binding energy for missing proton= 10.27 MeV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:11.6,Page no:407"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration \n",
+ "Z= 30.0 #proton number\n",
+ "N=34.0 #Neutron number\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Using Eqn 11.7\n",
+ "Mh= 1.007825 #Mass of H1 atom, u\n",
+ "Mn= 1.008665 #Mass of neutron, u\n",
+ "Mzinc= 63.929 #atomic mass of zinc, u\n",
+ "Ebinding= ((Z*Mh)+(N*Mn)-Mzinc)*931.49 #MeV\n",
+ "#Using semiempirical formula, Eqn 11.18, Page 407\n",
+ "a1= 14.1 #Mev\n",
+ "a2= 13.0 #MeV\n",
+ "a3= 0.595 #Mev\n",
+ "a4= 19.0 #MeV\n",
+ "a5= 33.5 #MeV\n",
+ "A= Z+N \n",
+ "E2= ((a1*A)-(a2*(A**(2.0/3.0)))-(a3*Z*(Z-1)/(A**(1.0/3.0)))-(a4*((A-2*Z)**2)/A)+(a5/(A**(3.0/4.0)))) #MeV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Binding energy of Zinc 64 isotope is: \",round(Ebinding,1),\"MeV\"\n",
+ "print\"The binding energy using semi-empirical formula, in MeV, is: \",round(E2,1),\"MeV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Binding energy of Zinc 64 isotope is: 559.2 MeV\n",
+ "The binding energy using semi-empirical formula, in MeV, is: 561.7 MeV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:11.7,Page no:408"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=25\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Derivation part\n",
+ "#dEb/dZ=-a3*(2*z-1)/A^(1/3)+4*a4*(A-2*Z)/A\n",
+ "#Z=a3*A**-1/3+4*a4/(2*a3*A^-1/3+8*a4*A**-1)\n",
+ "Z=(0.595*A**(-1.0/3.0)+76)/(1.19*A**(-1.0/3.0)+(152*A**-1))\n",
+ "print \"For A=25,Z=\",round(Z,1),\"\\nfor which we conclude that Z=\",round(Z),\"should be the atomic no. of most stable isobar of A=25\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "For A=25,Z= 11.7 \n",
+ "for which we conclude that Z= 12.0 should be the atomic no. of most stable isobar of A=25\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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