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diff --git a/Basic_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch8.ipynb b/Basic_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch8.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..c856536e --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,365 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:6ced269b2d83adfe9e452136249f918e5748b410340744d57a784dbf4aa451de" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 8 : Entropy - Available and Unavailable Energy" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.2 Page No : 211" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 10. \t\t\t#kJ \t\t\t#heat transfered from reservoir\n", + "T = 100.+273 \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#isothermal expansion temperature\n", + "T_res = 300.+273 \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#reservoir temperature\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "delta_S_sys = (Q/T) \t\t\t#kJ/K \t\t\t#delta S for the system\n", + "print \"Change in entropyDelta S) for the system = %.2e kJ/K\"%(delta_S_sys);\n", + "\n", + "delta_S_res = -1*(Q/T_res) \t\t\t#kJ/K \t\t\t#delta S for the reservoir\n", + "print \"Change in entropyDelta S) for the reservoir = %.4e kJ/K\"%(delta_S_res);\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Change in entropyDelta S) for the system = 2.68e-02 kJ/K\n", + "Change in entropyDelta S) for the reservoir = -1.7452e-02 kJ/K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.3 Page No : 212" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 10. \t\t\t#kJ \t\t\t#heat transfered from reservoir\n", + "T = 100.+273 \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#isothermal expansion temperature\n", + "T_res = 100.+273 \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#reservoir temperature\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "delta_S_sys = (Q/T) \t\t\t#kJ/K \t\t\t#delta S for the system\n", + "print \"Change in entropyDelta S) for the system = %.2e kJ/K\"%(delta_S_sys)\n", + "\n", + "delta_S_res = -1*(Q/T_res) \t\t\t#kJ/K \t\t\t#delta S for the reservoir\n", + "print \"Change in entropyDelta S) for the reservoir = %.2e kJ/K\"%(delta_S_res);\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Change in entropyDelta S) for the system = 2.68e-02 kJ/K\n", + "Change in entropyDelta S) for the reservoir = -2.68e-02 kJ/K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.4 Page No : 212" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q = 1.; \t\t\t#kJ \t\t\t#heat transfered from reservoir\n", + "T = 100.+273; \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#isothermal expansion temperature\n", + "T_res = 100.+273; \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#reservoir temperature\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "delta_S_res = -1*(Q/T_res); \t\t\t#kJ/K \t\t\t#delta S for the reservoir\n", + "print \"Change in entropyDelta S) for the reservoir = %.2e kJ/K\"%(delta_S_res);\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Change in entropyDelta S) for the reservoir = -2.68e-03 kJ/K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.12 Page No : 225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "pA = 120. \t\t\t#kPa \t\t\t#Pressure at location A\n", + "TA = 50.+273 \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#Temperature at location A\n", + "VA = 150. \t\t\t#m/s \t\t\t#Velocity at location A\n", + "\n", + "pB = 100. \t\t\t#kPa \t\t\t#Pressure at location B\n", + "TB = 30.+273 \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#Temperature at location B\n", + "VB = 250. \t\t\t#m/s \t\t\t#Velocity at location B\n", + "\n", + "Cp = 1.005 \t\t\t#kJ/kg\n", + "R = 0.287 \t\t\t#kJ/kgK\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "delta_S_sys = (Cp*math.log(TB/TA))-(R*math.log(pB/pA)) \t\t\t#kJ/kgK \t\t\t#Entropy of system\n", + "if delta_S_sys < 0 :\n", + " print \"Flow is from B to A.\";\n", + "else:\n", + " print \"Flow is from A to B.\" \n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Flow is from B to A.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.13 Page No : 226" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "mi = 5. \t\t\t#kg \t\t\t#mass of ice\n", + "Ti = 273. - 10 \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#Temperature of ice\n", + "ci = 2.1 \t\t\t#kJ/kgK \t\t\t#specific heat of ice\n", + "L = 330. \t\t\t#kJ/kg \t\t\t#Latent heat\n", + "mw = 20. \t\t\t#kg \t\t\t#mass of water\n", + "Tw = 273.+80 \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#Temperatur of water\n", + "cw = 4.2 \t\t\t#kJ/kgK \t\t\t#specific heat of water\n", + "\n", + "# calculatins and results\n", + "\n", + "#Part(a)\n", + "print \"Part a\";\n", + "Tmix = ((mi*ci*(Ti-273))-(L*mi)+(mw*cw*Tw)+(mi*cw*273))/(mw*cw+mi*cw)\n", + "print \"Temperature of the mixture when equilibrium is established between ice and water = %.f K\"%(Tmix)\n", + "#Part (b)\n", + "print \"Part b\";\n", + "delta_S_ice = mi*(ci*math.log(273/Ti)+L/273+cw*math.log(Tmix/273))\t\t\t#kJ/K \t\t\t#Entropy of ice\n", + "print \"Entropy of ice = %.2f kJ/K\"%(delta_S_ice)\n", + "#Part (c)\n", + "print \"Part c\";\n", + "delta_S_water = mw*(cw*math.log(Tmix/Tw))\t\t\t#kJ/K \t\t\t#Entropy of water\n", + "print \"Entropy of water = %.2f kJ/K\"%(delta_S_water)\n", + "#Part (d)\n", + "print \"Part d\";\n", + "delta_S_uni = delta_S_water+delta_S_ice\t\t\t#kJ/K \t\t\t#Entropy of universe\n", + "print \"Entropy of universe = %.2f kJ/K\"%(delta_S_uni)\n", + "\n", + "# note : rounding off error" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part a\n", + "Temperature of the mixture when equilibrium is established between ice and water = 320 K\n", + "Part b\n", + "Entropy of ice = 9.79 kJ/K\n", + "Part c\n", + "Entropy of water = -8.17 kJ/K\n", + "Part d\n", + "Entropy of universe = 1.62 kJ/K\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.14 Page No : 230" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Q1 = 100. \t\t\t#kJ \t\t\t#Heat input\n", + "T0 = 300. \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#Surrounding temperature\n", + "\n", + "\t\t\t#Part(a)\n", + "print \"Part a\";\n", + "T1 = 1000. \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#reservoir temperature\n", + "print \"Avalable enery of 100 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000K = %.f kJ\"%(Q1*1-T0/T1)\n", + "print \"Unvalable enery of 100 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000K = %.1f kJ\"%(Q1*(1-(T0/T1)))\n", + "\t\t\t#Part(b)\n", + "print \"Part b\";\n", + "T1 = 600 \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#reservoir temperature\n", + "print \"Avalable enery of 100 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000K = %.f kJ\"%(Q1*1-T0/T1)\n", + "print \"Unvalable enery of 100 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000K = %.1f kJ\"%(Q1*(1-(T0/T1)))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part a\n", + "Avalable enery of 100 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000K = 100 kJ\n", + "Unvalable enery of 100 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000K = 70.0 kJ\n", + "Part b\n", + "Avalable enery of 100 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000K = 100 kJ\n", + "Unvalable enery of 100 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000K = 50.0 kJ\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.15 Page No : 231" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "T0 = 300. \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#Surrounding temperature\n", + "T1 = 1000. \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#Temperature of final reservoir\n", + "T2 = 600. \t\t\t#K \t\t\t#Temperature of intermediate reservoir\n", + "Q1 = 100. \t\t\t#kJ \t\t\t#Heat input\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "print \"Increase in unavaliable energy due to irreversible heat transfer = %.1f kJ\"%(Q1*(1-T0/T1)-Q1*(1-T0/T2))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Increase in unavaliable energy due to irreversible heat transfer = 20.0 kJ\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.16 Page No : 234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "T1 = 500. \t\t\t#K\n", + "T0 = 300. \t\t\t#K\n", + "T2 = 350. \t\t\t#K\n", + "W = 250. \t\t\t#kJ\n", + "Q1 = 1000. \t\t\t#kJ\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print \"Available energy = %.1f kJ\"%(((1-T0/T1))*Q1);\n", + "print \"Unavailable energy = %.1f kJ\"%(Q1 - (((1-T0/T1))*Q1));\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Available energy = 400.0 kJ\n", + "Unavailable energy = 600.0 kJ\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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