1 files changed, 549 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Applied_Physics_by_S._Mani_Naidu/Chapter11.ipynb b/Applied_Physics_by_S._Mani_Naidu/Chapter11.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d0851bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Applied_Physics_by_S._Mani_Naidu/Chapter11.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# 11: Fibre Optics"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 1, Page number 11-16"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.2965\n",
+      "acceptance angle is 17 degrees 15 minutes\n",
+      "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n",
+      "critical angle is 78 degrees 26 minutes\n",
+      "fractional index change is 0.02\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "n1=1.48;          #Core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.45;          #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "theta0=math.asin(NA);         #acceptance angle(radian)\n",
+    "theta0=theta0*180/math.pi;    #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)); #acceptance angle(minutes)\n",
+    "thetac=math.asin(n2/n1);      #critical angle(radian)\n",
+    "thetac=thetac*180/math.pi;    #critical angle(degrees)\n",
+    "thetacm=60*(thetac-int(thetac)); #critical angle(minutes)\n",
+    "delta=(n1-n2)/n1;             #fractional index change\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,4)\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",int(theta0),\"degrees\",int(round(theta0m)),\"minutes\"\n",
+    "print \"critical angle is\",int(thetac),\"degrees\",int(thetacm),\"minutes\"\n",
+    "print \"fractional index change is\",round(delta,2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 2, Page number 11-17"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.446\n",
+      "acceptance angle is 26 degrees 29 minutes\n",
+      "answer for angle in minutes given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "n1=1.563;          #Core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.498;          #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "theta0=math.asin(NA);         #acceptance angle(radian)\n",
+    "theta0=theta0*180/math.pi;    #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)); #acceptance angle(minutes)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Resul\"\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,3)\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",int(theta0),\"degrees\",int(theta0m),\"minutes\"\n",
+    "print \"answer for angle in minutes given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 3, Page number 11-17"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "fractional index change is 0.0416\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "n1=1.563;          #Core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.498;          #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "delta=(n1-n2)/n1;    #fractional index change\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"fractional index change is\",round(delta,4)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 4, Page number 11-17"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.3905\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "n1=1.55;          #Core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.50;          #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,4)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 5, Page number 11-18"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Cladding refractive index is 1.496\n",
+      "Core refractive index is 1.546\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "NA=0.39;          #numerical aperture\n",
+    "n1_n2=0.05;       #difference in refractive indices\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "n1n2=NA**2/n1_n2;    \n",
+    "n2=(n1n2-n1_n2)/2;      #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "n1=n2+n1_n2;            #Core refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"Cladding refractive index is\",n2\n",
+    "print \"Core refractive index is\",n1"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 6, Page number 11-18"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.3905\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "n1=1.55;          #Core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.50;          #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,4)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 7, Page number 11-18"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.2965\n",
+      "acceptance angle is 17 degrees 15 minutes\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "n1=1.48;          #Core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.45;          #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "theta0=math.asin(NA);         #acceptance angle(radian)\n",
+    "theta0=theta0*180/math.pi;    #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)); #acceptance angle(minutes)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,4)\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",int(theta0),\"degrees\",int(round(theta0m)),\"minutes\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 8, Page number 11-19"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 25,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "refractive index of core is 1.6583\n",
+      "refractive index of cladding is 1.625\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "NA=0.33;    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "delta=0.02;     #refractive index of cladding\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "x=1-delta;\n",
+    "n1=math.sqrt(NA**2/(1-x**2));    #refractive index of core \n",
+    "n2=x*n1;                         #refractive index of cladding\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"refractive index of core is\",round(n1,4)\n",
+    "print \"refractive index of cladding is\",round(n2,3)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 9, Page number 11-19"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 32,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "acceptance angle is 8 degrees 38 minutes 55 seconds\n",
+      "answer for angle in seconds given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "NA=0.20;         #numerical aperture\n",
+    "n0=1.33;         #refractive index of water\n",
+    "n2=1.59;         #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "n1=math.sqrt((NA**2)+(n2**2));     #core refractive index\n",
+    "x=math.sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2))/n0;\n",
+    "theta0=math.asin(x);          #acceptance angle(radian)\n",
+    "theta0=theta0*180/math.pi;    #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)); #acceptance angle(minutes)\n",
+    "theta0s=60*(theta0m-int(theta0m)); #acceptance angle(seconds)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Resul\"\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",int(theta0),\"degrees\",int(theta0m),\"minutes\",int(theta0s),\"seconds\"\n",
+    "print \"answer for angle in seconds given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 10, Page number 11-20"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 34,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "fractional index change is 6.8966 *10**-3\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "n1=1.45;          #Core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.44;          #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "delta=(n1-n2)/n1;    #fractional index change\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"fractional index change is\",round(delta*10**3,4),\"*10**-3\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 11, Page number 11-20"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 41,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Cladding refractive index is 1.44\n",
+      "numerical aperture is 0.42\n",
+      "acceptance angle is 24 degrees 50 minutes\n",
+      "critical angle is 73 degrees 44 minutes\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "n1=1.50;          #Core refractive index\n",
+    "delta=4/100;      #fractional index change\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "n2=n1-(delta*n1);             #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "theta0=math.asin(NA);         #acceptance angle(radian)\n",
+    "theta0=theta0*180/math.pi;    #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)); #acceptance angle(minutes)\n",
+    "thetac=math.asin(n2/n1);      #critical angle(radian)\n",
+    "thetac=thetac*180/math.pi;    #critical angle(degrees)\n",
+    "thetacm=60*(thetac-int(thetac)); #critical angle(minutes)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"Cladding refractive index is\",n2\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",NA\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",int(theta0),\"degrees\",int(round(theta0m)),\"minutes\"\n",
+    "print \"critical angle is\",int(thetac),\"degrees\",int(thetacm),\"minutes\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 12, Page number 11-21"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 42,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.446\n",
+      "acceptance angle is 26 degrees 29 minutes\n",
+      "answer for angle in minutes given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "n1=1.563;          #Core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.498;          #Cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "theta0=math.asin(NA);         #acceptance angle(radian)\n",
+    "theta0=theta0*180/math.pi;    #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)); #acceptance angle(minutes)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,3)\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",int(theta0),\"degrees\",int(round(theta0m)),\"minutes\"\n",
+    "print \"answer for angle in minutes given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.11"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}