diff options
60 files changed, 19343 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter1.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..55a10563 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,568 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 1: Atomic Spectra" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 55" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of emitted photon is 1.281 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "n1=3;\n", + "n2=5; #states\n", + "RH=1.0977*10**7;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "newbar=RH*((1/n1**2)-(1/n2**2));\n", + "lamda=10**6/newbar; #wavelength of emitted photon(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of emitted photon is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ratio of principal quantum number of two orbits is 14 / 11\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "E1=1.21;\n", + "E2=1.96; #energy of two orbits(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "n1=math.sqrt(E2);\n", + "n2=math.sqrt(E1); #ratio of principal quantum number of two orbits\n", + "n1=n1*10;\n", + "n2=n2*10; #multiply and divide the ratio by 10\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"ratio of principal quantum number of two orbits is\",int(n1),\"/\",int(n2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetic moment of proton is 5.041 *10**-27 Am**2\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "mp=1.672*10**-27; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "mewp=e*h/(4*math.pi*mp); #magnetic moment of proton(Am**2) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetic moment of proton is\",round(mewp*10**27,3),\"*10**-27 Am**2\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "specific charge of electron is 1.7604 *10**11 coulomb/kg\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mewB=9.274*10**-24; #bohr magneton(amp m**2)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "ebym=mewB*4*math.pi/h; #specific charge of electron(coulomb/kg) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"specific charge of electron is\",round(ebym/10**11,4),\"*10**11 coulomb/kg\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 57" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength separation is 0.3358 angstrom\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "B=1; #flux density(Wb/m**2)\n", + "lamda=6000*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "d_lamda=B*e*(lamda**2)/(4*math.pi*m*c); #wavelength separation(m)\n", + "d_lamda=2*d_lamda*10**10; #wavelength separation(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength separation is\",round(d_lamda,4),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 57" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy of electron in 1st and 2nd orbit is -13.6 eV and -3.4 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "n1=1;\n", + "n2=2; #states\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E1=-13.6/n1**2; #energy of electron in 1st orbit(eV)\n", + "E2=-13.6/n2**2; #energy of electron in 2nd orbit(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy of electron in 1st and 2nd orbit is\",E1,\"eV and\",E2,\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 58" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "linear momentum is 2.107 *10**-24 kg ms-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda=0.5*10**-10; #radius of 1st orbit(m)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "L=h/(2*math.pi*lamda); #linear momentum(kg ms-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"linear momentum is\",round(L*10**24,3),\"*10**-24 kg ms-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 58" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 26, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "state to which it is excited is 4\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "E1=-13.6; #energy of electron in 1st orbit(eV)\n", + "E2=-12.75; #energy of electron in 2nd orbit(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "n=math.sqrt(-E1/(E2-E1)); #state to which it is excited\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"state to which it is excited is\",int(n)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10, Page number 59" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "bohr magneton is 9.262 *10**-24 coulomb Js kg-1\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "mewB=e*h/(4*math.pi*m); #bohr magneton(coulomb Js kg-1) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"bohr magneton is\",round(mewB*10**24,3),\"*10**-24 coulomb Js kg-1\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 59" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 30, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "component separation is 2.7983 *10**8 Hz\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "B=0.02; #magnetic field(T)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "delta_new=e*B/(4*math.pi*m); #component separation(Hz)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"component separation is\",round(delta_new/10**8,4),\"*10**8 Hz\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 14, Page number 61" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 33, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetic flux density is 2.14 Tesla\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "lamda=10000*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "d_lamda=1*10**-10; #wavelength separation(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "B=d_lamda*4*math.pi*m*c/(e*lamda**2); #magnetic flux density(Tesla)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetic flux density is\",round(B,2),\"Tesla\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 19, Page number 66" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 41, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "separation is 0.33 angstrom\n", + "wavelength of three components is 4226 angstrom 4226.33 angstrom 4226.666 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "lamda=4226; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "B=4; #magnetic field(Wb/m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "dnew=B*e/(4*math.pi*m); \n", + "dlamda=lamda**2*dnew*10**-10/c; #separation(angstrom)\n", + "dlamda1=lamda+dlamda;\n", + "dlamda2=dlamda1+dlamda; #wavelength of three components(Hz)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"separation is\",round(dlamda,2),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"wavelength of three components is\",lamda,\"angstrom\",round(dlamda1,2),\"angstrom\",round(dlamda2,3),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 21, Page number 68" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 42, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "number of elements would be 110\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "n1=1;\n", + "n2=2; \n", + "n3=3;\n", + "n4=4;\n", + "n5=5;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "e1=2*n1**2; #maximum number of electrons in 1st orbit\n", + "e2=2*n2**2; #maximum number of electrons in 2nd orbit\n", + "e3=2*n3**2; #maximum number of electrons in 3rd orbit\n", + "e4=2*n4**2; #maximum number of electrons in 4th orbit\n", + "e5=2*n5**2; #maximum number of electrons in 5th orbit\n", + "e=e1+e2+e3+e4+e5; #number of elements\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"number of elements would be\",e" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter10.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter10.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4f050408 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 10: Nuclear Detectors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 322" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "current produced is 1.829 *10**-13 amp\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "n=10; #number of particles\n", + "E=4*10**6; #energy of alpha particle(eV)\n", + "E1=35; #energy of 1 ion pair(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "N=E*n/E1; #number of ion pairs\n", + "q=N*e; #current produced(amp)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"current produced is\",round(q*10**13,3),\"*10**-13 amp\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 322" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "number of ion pairs required is 6.25 *10**5\n", + "energy of alpha-particles is 21.875 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "v=4; #voltage sensitivity(div/volt)\n", + "d=0.8; #number of divisions\n", + "C=0.5*10**-12; #capacitance(F)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "E1=35; #energy of 1 ion pair(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "V=d/v; #voltage(V)\n", + "q=C*V; #current(C)\n", + "n=q/e; #number of ion pairs required\n", + "E=n*E1/10**6; #energy of alpha-particles(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"number of ion pairs required is\",n/10**5,\"*10**5\"\n", + "print \"energy of alpha-particles is\",E,\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 323" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum radial field is 1.89 *10**6 volts/meter\n", + "counter will last for 3.7 years\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "V=1000; #voltage(V)\n", + "r=0.0001; #radius(m)\n", + "b=2*10**-2; #diameter(m)\n", + "a=10**-4;\n", + "n=10**9; #number of counts\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Emax=V/(r*math.log(b/a)); #maximum radial field(volts/meter)\n", + "N=n/(50*30*60*3000); #counter will last for(years)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"maximum radial field is\",round(Emax/10**6,2),\"*10**6 volts/meter\"\n", + "print \"counter will last for\",round(N,1),\"years\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 324" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy of the particle is 1500 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "r=2; #radius(m)\n", + "B=2.5; #flux density(Wb/m**2)\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "E=B*q*r*c*10**-6/q; #energy of the particle(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy of the particle is\",int(E),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 325" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "average current in the circuit is 1.6e-11 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "cr=600; #counting rate(counts/minute)\n", + "e=10**7; #number of electrons per discharge\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "t=60; #number of seconds\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n=cr*e; #number of electrons in 1 minute\n", + "q=n*q/t; #average current in the circuit(A)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"average current in the circuit is\",q,\"A\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter11.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter11.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1d50ed48 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,384 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 11: Crystal Structure" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 357" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "miller indices of plane are ( 6 4 3 )\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "a=1/2;\n", + "b=1/3;\n", + "c=1/4; #intercepts along the three axes\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "def lcm(x, y):\n", + " if x > y:\n", + " greater = x\n", + " else:\n", + " greater = y\n", + " while(True):\n", + " if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):\n", + " lcm = greater\n", + " break\n", + " greater += 1\n", + " \n", + " return lcm\n", + "\n", + "z=lcm(1/a,1/b);\n", + "lcm=lcm(z,1/c);\n", + "h=a*lcm;\n", + "k=b*lcm;\n", + "l=c*lcm; #miller indices of plane\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"miller indices of plane are (\",int(h),int(k),int(l),\")\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 357" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "miller indices of plane are ( 3 2 0 )\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "a=1/2;\n", + "b=1/3;\n", + "x=float(\"inf\");\n", + "c=1/x; #intercepts along the three axes\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "def lcm(x, y):\n", + " if x > y:\n", + " greater = x\n", + " else:\n", + " greater = y\n", + " while(True):\n", + " if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):\n", + " lcm = greater\n", + " break\n", + " greater += 1\n", + " \n", + " return lcm\n", + "\n", + "lcm=lcm(1/a,1/b);\n", + "h=a*lcm;\n", + "k=b*lcm;\n", + "l=c*lcm; #miller indices of plane\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"miller indices of plane are (\",int(h),int(k),int(l),\")\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 358" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "miller indices of plane are ( 6 3 2 )\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "a=1/1;\n", + "b=1/2;\n", + "c=1/3; #intercepts along the three axes\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "def lcm(x, y):\n", + " if x > y:\n", + " greater = x\n", + " else:\n", + " greater = y\n", + " while(True):\n", + " if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):\n", + " lcm = greater\n", + " break\n", + " greater += 1\n", + " \n", + " return lcm\n", + "\n", + "z=lcm(1/a,1/b);\n", + "lcm=lcm(z,1/c);\n", + "h=a*lcm;\n", + "k=b*lcm;\n", + "l=c*lcm; #miller indices of plane\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"miller indices of plane are (\",int(h),int(k),int(l),\")\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 359" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "corresponding intercept on Y-axis and Z-axis are 0.8 angstrom and 0.65 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "a=1.1;\n", + "b=1.2;\n", + "c=1.3; #intercepts along the three axes(angstrom)\n", + "h=2;\n", + "k=3;\n", + "l=4; #miller indices of plane\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "l1=a*h/h;\n", + "l2=b*h/k; #corresponding intercept on Y-axis(angstrom)\n", + "l3=c*h/l; #corresponding intercept on Z-axis(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"corresponding intercept on Y-axis and Z-axis are\",l2,\"angstrom and\",l3,\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 360" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "miller indices of plane are ( 6 -2 3 )\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "a=1/1;\n", + "b=-1/3;\n", + "c=1/2; #intercepts along the three axes\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "def lcm(x, y):\n", + " if x > y:\n", + " greater = x\n", + " else:\n", + " greater = y\n", + " while(True):\n", + " if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):\n", + " lcm = greater\n", + " break\n", + " greater += 1\n", + " \n", + " return lcm\n", + "\n", + "z=lcm(1/a,1/b);\n", + "lcm=lcm(z,1/c);\n", + "h=a*lcm;\n", + "k=b*lcm;\n", + "l=c*lcm; #miller indices of plane\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"miller indices of plane are (\",int(h),int(k),int(l),\")\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 360" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "lattice constant is 3.61 angstrom\n", + "distance between two nearest copper atoms is 2.55 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "n=4; #number of molecules per unit cell\n", + "M=63.5; #molecular weight\n", + "N=6.02*10**26; #avagadro number(kg mol-1)\n", + "rho=8.96*10**3; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3); #lattice constant(m)\n", + "a=round(a*10**10,2); #lattice constant(angstrom) \n", + "d=a/math.sqrt(2); #distance between two nearest copper atoms(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"lattice constant is\",a,\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"distance between two nearest copper atoms is\",round(d,2),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 361" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "lattice constant is 2.8687 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "n=2; #number of molecules per unit cell\n", + "M=55.85; #molecular weight\n", + "N=6.02*10**26; #avagadro number(kg mol-1)\n", + "rho=7860; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3); #lattice constant(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"lattice constant is\",round(a*10**10,4),\"angstrom\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter12.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter12.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e9b7b5a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter12.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 12: X-ray Diffraction" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 378" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of X-rays is 0.0842 nm\n", + "maximum order of diffraction is 6\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=0.282; #lattice spacing(nm)\n", + "theta=(8+(35/60))*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "n1=1; #order\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamda=2*d*math.sin(theta)/n1; #wavelength of X-rays(nm)\n", + "n=2*d/lamda; #maximum order of diffraction\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of X-rays is\",round(lamda,4),\"nm\"\n", + "print \"maximum order of diffraction is\",int(n)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 378" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "glancing angle for 1st order is 17 degrees 24 minutes\n", + "glancing angle for 2nd order is 36 degrees 44 minutes\n", + "answers given in the book are wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=3.209; #lattice spacing(angstrom)\n", + "lamda=1.92; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "n1=1; #order\n", + "n2=2; #order \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "theta1=math.asin(n1*lamda/(2*d))*180/math.pi; #glancing angle for 1st order(degrees)\n", + "theta1d=int(theta1); #glancing angle for 1st order(degrees) \n", + "theta1m=(theta1-theta1d)*60; #glancing angle for 1st order(minutes)\n", + "theta2=math.asin(n2*lamda/(2*d))*180/math.pi; #glancing angle for 2nd order(degrees)\n", + "theta2d=int(theta2); #glancing angle for 2nd order(degrees)\n", + "theta2m=(theta2-theta2d)*60; #glancing angle for 2nd order(minutes)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"glancing angle for 1st order is\",theta1d,\"degrees\",int(theta1m),\"minutes\"\n", + "print \"glancing angle for 2nd order is\",theta2d,\"degrees\",int(theta2m),\"minutes\"\n", + "print \"answers given in the book are wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 379" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of X-rays is 1.268 angstrom\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=3.05; #lattice spacing(angstrom)\n", + "theta=12*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "n=1; #order\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamda=2*d*math.sin(theta)/n1; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of X-rays is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 380" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of line A is 1.268 angstrom\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "thetaA=30*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "thetaB=60*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "n1=1; #order\n", + "n2=2; #order\n", + "lamdaB=0.9; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamdaA=2*lamdaB*math.sin(thetaA)/math.sin(thetaB); #wavelength of line A(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of line A is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 380" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of X-rays is 0.7853 angstrom\n", + "glancing angle for 2nd order is 18.2 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=2.51; #lattice spacing(angstrom)\n", + "theta=9*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "n1=1; #order\n", + "n2=2; #order\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamda=2*d*math.sin(theta)/n1; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "theta=math.asin(n2*lamda/(2*d))*180/math.pi; #glancing angle for 2nd order(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of X-rays is\",round(lamda,4),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"glancing angle for 2nd order is\",round(theta,1),\"degrees\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter13.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter13.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3725056f --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter13.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 13: Bonding In Crystals" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 398" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "potential energy is -5.76 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "x=9*10**9; #assume x=1/(4*pi*epsilon0)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "r0=2.5*10**-10; #radius(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "U=-e*x/r0; #potential energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"potential energy is\",U,\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 398" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "equilibrium distance is -2.25 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "x=9*10**9; #assume x=1/(4*pi*epsilon0)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "U=6.4; #potential energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "r0=-e*x/U; #equilibrium distance(m)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"equilibrium distance is\",r0*10**10,\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 399" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "compressibility of the solid is -25.087 *10**14\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "x=9*10**9; #assume x=1/(4*pi*epsilon0)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "alpha=1.76; #madelung constant\n", + "n=0.5; #repulsive exponent\n", + "r0=4.1*10**-4; #equilibrium distance(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "C=18*r0**4/(x*alpha*e**2*(n-1)); #compressibility of the solid\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"compressibility of the solid is\",round(C*10**-14,3),\"*10**14\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 399" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "lattice energy is -6.45 eV\n", + "energy needed to form neutral atoms is -6.17 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "x=9*10**9; #assume x=1/(4*pi*epsilon0)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "alpha=1.763; #madelung constant\n", + "n=10.5; #repulsive exponent\n", + "r0=3.56*10**-10; #equilibrium distance(m)\n", + "IE=3.89; #ionisation energy(eV)\n", + "EA=-3.61; #electron affinity(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "U=-x*alpha*e**2*(1-(1/n))/(e*r0); #lattice energy(eV) \n", + "E=U+EA+IE; #energy needed to form neutral atoms\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"lattice energy is\",round(U,2),\"eV\"\n", + "print \"energy needed to form neutral atoms is\",round(E,2),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 400" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "lattice energy is -3.98 eV\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "x=9*10**9; #assume x=1/(4*pi*epsilon0)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "alpha=1.748; #madelung constant\n", + "n=9; #repulsive exponent\n", + "r0=2.81*10**-10; #equilibrium distance(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "U=-x*alpha*e**2*(1-(1/n))/(e*r0); #lattice energy(eV) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"lattice energy is\",round(U/2,2),\"eV\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter14.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter14.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..449a8ffa --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter14.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,320 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 14: Magnetism" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetisation is 20 *10**9 A/m\n", + "flux density is 1.2818 *10**6 T\n", + "answer for flux density given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7; #permeability of vacuum\n", + "H=10**12; #magnetic field intensity(A/m)\n", + "chi=20*10**-3; #susceptibility\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "M=chi*H; #magnetisation(A/m)\n", + "B=mew0*(M+H); #flux density(T)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetisation is\",int(M/10**9),\"*10**9 A/m\"\n", + "print \"flux density is\",round(B/10**6,4),\"*10**6 T\"\n", + "print \"answer for flux density given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetisation is 17725 A/m\n", + "answer for magnetisation given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7; #permeability of vacuum\n", + "H=10**2; #magnetic field intensity(A/m)\n", + "B=0.0224; #flux density(T)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "M=(B/mew0)-H; #magnetisation(A/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetisation is\",int(M),\"A/m\"\n", + "print \"answer for magnetisation given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 421" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "change in magnetic moment is 5.27 *10**-29 Am**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "r=5*10**-11; #radius(m)\n", + "B=3; #flux density(T)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "mew=B*e**2*r**2/(4*m); #change in magnetic moment(Am**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"change in magnetic moment is\",round(mew*10**29,2),\"*10**-29 Am**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 421" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "susceptibility is 0.8 *10**-4\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "T1=200; #temperature(K)\n", + "T2=300; #temperature(K)\n", + "chi1=1.2*10**-4; #susceptibility\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "chi2=T1*chi1/T2; #susceptibility\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"susceptibility is\",chi2*10**4,\"*10**-4\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 422" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "paramagnetisation is 3.6 *10**2 A/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "H=10**5; #magnetic field intensity(A/m)\n", + "chi=3.6*10**-3; #susceptibility\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "M=chi*H; #paramagnetisation(A/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"paramagnetisation is\",M/10**2,\"*10**2 A/m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 422" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetic moment is 5.655 *10**-24 Am**2\n", + "saturation magnetic induction is 6.5 *10**-4 T\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7; #permeability of vacuum\n", + "mewB=9.27*10**-24; \n", + "rho=8906; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "N=6.023*10**23; #avagadro number\n", + "W=58.7; #atomic weight\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "mewM=0.61*mewB; #magnetic moment(Am**2)\n", + "B=rho*N*mew0*mewM/W; #saturation magnetic induction(T)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetic moment is\",round(mewM*10**24,3),\"*10**-24 Am**2\"\n", + "print \"saturation magnetic induction is\",round(B*10**4,1),\"*10**-4 T\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 423" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "diamagnetic susceptibility is -8.249 *10**-8\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7; #permeability of vacuum\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "R=0.5*10**-10; #radius(m)\n", + "N=28*10**26; #number of atoms\n", + "Z=2; #atomic number\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "chi_dia=-mew0*Z*e**2*N*R**2/(6*m); #diamagnetic susceptibility\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"diamagnetic susceptibility is\",round(chi_dia*10**8,3),\"*10**-8\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter15.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter15.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..283605cf --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter15.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 15: Superconductivity" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 442" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "critical field at 3K is 0.006281 Tesla\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "H0=0.0106; #critical field at 0K(Tesla)\n", + "T=3; #temperature(K)\n", + "Tc=4.7; #temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); #critical field at 3K(Tesla)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"critical field at 3K is\",round(Hc,6),\"Tesla\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 442" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "temperature of superconductor is 1.701 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "H0=5*10**5/(4*math.pi); #critical field at 0K(Tesla)\n", + "Tc=2.69; #temperature(K)\n", + "Hc=3*10**5/(4*math.pi); #critical field(Tesla)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "T=Tc*math.sqrt(1-(Hc/H0)); #temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"temperature of superconductor is\",round(T,3),\"K\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 443" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "critical field is 4.3365 *10**4 A/m\n", + "critical current of the wire is 408 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "H0=6.5*10**4; #critical field at 0K(Tesla)\n", + "Tc=7.28; #temperature(K)\n", + "T=4.2; #temperature(K)\n", + "r=1.5*10**-3; #radius(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); #critical field(Tesla)\n", + "Ic=2*math.pi*r*Hc; #critical current of the wire(A)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"critical field is\",round(Hc/10**4,4),\"*10**4 A/m\"\n", + "print \"critical current of the wire is\",int(Ic),\"A\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 443" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "critical temperature is 4.124 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "m1=199.5; #isotopic mass\n", + "m2=205.4; #change in mass \n", + "Tc1=4.185; #temperature of mercury(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Tc2=Tc1*math.sqrt(m1/m2); #critical temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"critical temperature is\",round(Tc2,3),\"K\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 444" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "superconducting transition temperature is 8.106 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "T1=3; #temperature(K)\n", + "T2=8; #temperature(K)\n", + "lamda1=39.6; #penetration depth(nm)\n", + "lamda2=173; #penetration depth(nm)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=(lamda1/lamda2)**2;\n", + "Tc4=(T2**4-(x*T1**4))/(1-x);\n", + "Tc=Tc4**(1/4); #superconducting transition temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"superconducting transition temperature is\",round(Tc,3),\"K\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter2.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ede08994 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,588 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 2: Molecular Spectra" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 97" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "raman shift is 219.03 cm-1\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda_sample=4358; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda_raman=4400; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "delta_new=(10**8/lamda_sample)-(10**8/lamda_raman); #raman shift(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"raman shift is\",round(delta_new,2),\"cm-1\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 98" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy of diatomic molecule is 2.22 *10**-68 J\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planck's constant\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=h**2/(2*math.pi**2); #energy of diatomic molecule(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy of diatomic molecule is\",round(E*10**68,2),\"*10**-68 J\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 98" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "raman shift is 0.02 *10**6 m-1\n", + "wavelength of antistokes line 4950.5 angstrom\n", + "answer for wavelength given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda0=5000*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "lamda=5050.5*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "new0=1/lamda0; #frequency(m-1)\n", + "new=1/lamda; #frequency(m-1)\n", + "delta_new=new0-new; #raman shift(m-1)\n", + "new_as=delta_new+new0; #frequency of anti-stokes line(m-1)\n", + "lamdaas=1*10**10/new_as; #wavelength of anti-stokes line(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"raman shift is\",round(delta_new*10**-6,2),\"*10**6 m-1\"\n", + "print \"wavelength of antistokes line\",round(lamdaas,2),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer for wavelength given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 99" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy required is 60 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "k=4.8*10**2; #force constant(N/m)\n", + "x=2*10**-10; #inter nuclear distance(m)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=k*x**2/(2*e); #energy required(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy required is\",int(E),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 99" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "frequency of vibration is 2.04 *10**13 sec-1\n", + "spacing between energy levels is 8.447 *10**-2 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "k=187; #force constant(N/m)\n", + "m=1.14*10**-26; #reduced mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.63*10**-34; #planck's constant\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "new=math.sqrt(k/m)/(2*math.pi); #frequency of vibration(sec-1)\n", + "delta_E=h*new; #spacing between energy levels(J)\n", + "delta_E=delta_E/e; #spacing between energy levels(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"frequency of vibration is\",round(new*10**-13,2),\"*10**13 sec-1\"\n", + "print \"spacing between energy levels is\",round(delta_E*10**2,3),\"*10**-2 eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 100" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "internuclear distance is 1.42 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "B=8.5; #seperation(cm-1)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-27; #planck's constant\n", + "c=3*10**10; #velocity of light(cm/sec)\n", + "N=6.023*10**23; #avagadro number\n", + "m1=1;\n", + "m2=79; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "I=h/(8*math.pi**2*B*c); #moment inertia of molecule(gm cm**2)\n", + "m=m1*m2/(N*(m1+m2)); #reduced mass(gm)\n", + "r=10**8*math.sqrt(I/m); #internuclear distance(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"internuclear distance is\",round(r,2),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 100" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "vibrational frequency of sample is 1974 cm-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda1=4358.3; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda2=4768.5; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "delta_new=(10**8/lamda1)-(10**8/lamda2); #vibrational frequency of sample(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"vibrational frequency of sample is\",int(round(delta_new)),\"cm-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 101" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "frequqncy of OD stretching vibration is 2401 cm-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "MO=16;\n", + "MD=2;\n", + "MH=1;\n", + "new=3300; #frequency(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "mew_OD=MO*MD/(MO+MD); \n", + "mew_OH=MO*MH/(MO+MH);\n", + "new1=math.sqrt(mew_OD/mew_OH);\n", + "new_OD=new/new1; #frequqncy of OD stretching vibration(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"frequqncy of OD stretching vibration is\",int(new_OD),\"cm-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "raman shift of 4400 line is 219.03 cm-1\n", + "raman shift of 4419 line is 316.8 cm-1\n", + "raman shift of 4447 line is 459.2 cm-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda0=4358; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda1=4400; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda2=4419; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda3=4447; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "new0bar=10**8/lamda0; #wave number of exciting line(cm-1)\n", + "rs1=(10**8/lamda0)-(10**8/lamda1); #raman shift of 4400 line(cm-1)\n", + "rs2=(10**8/lamda0)-(10**8/lamda2); #raman shift of 4419 line(cm-1)\n", + "rs3=(10**8/lamda0)-(10**8/lamda3); #raman shift of 4447 line(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"raman shift of 4400 line is\",round(rs1,2),\"cm-1\"\n", + "print \"raman shift of 4419 line is\",round(rs2,1),\"cm-1\"\n", + "print \"raman shift of 4447 line is\",round(rs3,1),\"cm-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 12, Page number 102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "corresponding wavelength is 32 *10**-4 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "new_bar=20.68; #transition(cm-1)\n", + "J=14;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "B=new_bar/2; \n", + "new=2*B*(J+1); #frequency(cm-1)\n", + "lamda=1/new; #corresponding wavelength(cm) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"corresponding wavelength is\",int(lamda*10**4),\"*10**-4 cm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 13, Page number 103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "moment of inertia of molecule is 1.4 *10**-42 gm cm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "twoB=4000; #seperation observed from the series(cm-1)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-27; #planck's constant\n", + "c=3*10**10; #velocity of light(cm/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "B=twoB/2;\n", + "I=h/(8*math.pi**2*B*c); #moment of inertia of molecule(gm cm**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"moment of inertia of molecule is\",round(I*10**42,1),\"*10**-42 gm cm**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 14, Page number 104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "corresponding wavelengths are 5648 angstrom 5725 angstrom 5775 angstrom 5836 angstrom 5983 angstrom 6558 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda=5461*10**-8; #wavelength(cm)\n", + "new1=608;\n", + "new2=846;\n", + "new3=995;\n", + "new4=1178;\n", + "new5=1599; \n", + "new6=3064; #raman shift(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "newbar=1/lamda; #wave number(cm-1)\n", + "new11=newbar-new1;\n", + "new22=newbar-new2;\n", + "new33=newbar-new3;\n", + "new44=newbar-new4;\n", + "new55=newbar-new5;\n", + "new66=newbar-new6;\n", + "lamda1=10**8/new11;\n", + "lamda2=10**8/new22;\n", + "lamda3=10**8/new33;\n", + "lamda4=10**8/new44;\n", + "lamda5=10**8/new55;\n", + "lamda6=10**8/new66; #corresponding wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"corresponding wavelengths are\",int(lamda1),\"angstrom\",int(lamda2),\"angstrom\",int(round(lamda3)),\"angstrom\",int(lamda4),\"angstrom\",int(lamda5),\"angstrom\",int(lamda6),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 15, Page number 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "force constant is 115 N/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.63*10**-34; #planck's constant(J s)\n", + "e=1.602*10**-19; #charge(coulomb) \n", + "mew=1.14*10**-26; #reduced mass(kg)\n", + "deltaE=6.63*10**-2*e; #energy(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "new=deltaE/h; #frequency(sec-1)\n", + "k=4*math.pi**2*new**2*mew; #force constant(N/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"force constant is\",int(k),\"N/m\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter3.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..72f70169 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,540 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 3: Inadequacy of Classical Physics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 128" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum energy of photoelectron is 3.038 *10**-19 J\n", + "maximum velocity of electron is 8.17 *10**5 ms-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "me=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=1700*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "lamda0=2300*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "KE=h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamda0)); #maximum energy of photoelectron(J)\n", + "vmax=math.sqrt(2*KE/me); #maximum velocity of electron(ms-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"maximum energy of photoelectron is\",round(KE*10**19,3),\"*10**-19 J\"\n", + "print \"maximum velocity of electron is\",round(vmax/10**5,2),\"*10**5 ms-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 128" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "threshold wavelength is 5380 angstrom\n", + "since wavelength of orange light is more, photoelectric effect doesn't take place\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "W=2.3*e; #work function(J)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=6850; #wavelength of orange light(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda0=h*c/W; #threshold wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"threshold wavelength is\",int(lamda0*10**10),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"since wavelength of orange light is more, photoelectric effect doesn't take place\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "retarding potential is 1.175 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "W=1.3*e; #work function(J)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "new=6*10**14; #frequency(Hertz)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V0=((h*new)-W)/e; #retarding potential(volts)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"retarding potential is\",V0,\"volts\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "work function is 1.28 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=3*10**-7; #wavelength(m)\n", + "me=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "v=1*10**6; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "W=(h*c/lamda)-(me*v**2/2); #work function(J)\n", + "W=W/e; #work function(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"work function is\",round(W,2),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "photoelectric current is 1.86 micro ampere\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=4600*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "qe=0.5; #efficiency(%)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=h*c/lamda; #energy(J)\n", + "n=10**-3/E; #number of photons/second\n", + "i=n*qe*e*10**6/100; #photoelectric current(micro ampere)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"photoelectric current is\",round(i,2),\"micro ampere\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 130" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "planck's constant is 6.61 *10**-34 joule second\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "T1=3*10**-19; #temperature(J)\n", + "T2=1*10**-19; #temperature(J)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda1=3350; #wavelength(m)\n", + "lamda2=5060; #wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "x=10**10*((1/lamda1)-(1/lamda2));\n", + "h=(T1-T2)/(c*x); #planck's constant(joule second)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"planck's constant is\",round(h*10**34,2),\"*10**-34 joule second\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 131" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 36, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of scattered radiation is 3.0121 angstrom\n", + "energy of recoil electron is 2.66 *10**-18 joule\n", + "answers given in the book are wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "theta=60*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "lamda=3*10**-10; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda_dash=3.058; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda_sr=h/(m0*c); \n", + "lamda_dash=lamda+(lamda_sr*(1-math.cos(theta))); #wavelength of scattered radiation(m) \n", + "lamda_dash=round(lamda_dash*10**10,4)*10**-10; #wavelength of scattered radiation(m)\n", + "E=h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamda_dash)); #energy of recoil electron(joule)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of scattered radiation is\",lamda_dash*10**10,\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"energy of recoil electron is\",round(E*10**18,2),\"*10**-18 joule\"\n", + "print \"answers given in the book are wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 132" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 42, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of scattered radiation is 2.003 angstrom\n", + "velocity of recoil electron is 0.0188 *10**8 ms-1\n", + "answer for velocity given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "theta=30*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "lamda=2*10**-10; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda_sr=h/(m0*c); \n", + "lamda_dash=lamda+(lamda_sr*(1-math.cos(theta))); #wavelength of scattered radiation(m) \n", + "E=h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamda_dash)); #energy of recoil electron(joule)\n", + "x=1+(E/(m0*c**2));\n", + "v=c*math.sqrt(1-((1/x)**2)); #velocity of recoil electron(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of scattered radiation is\",round(lamda_dash*10**10,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"velocity of recoil electron is\",round(v/10**8,4),\"*10**8 ms-1\"\n", + "print \"answer for velocity given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 133" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 49, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of scattered photon is 3.024 angstrom\n", + "energy of recoil electron is 0.5 *10**-17 joules\n", + "direction of recoil electron is 44 degrees 46 minutes\n", + "answer for angle given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "theta=90*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "lamda=3*10**-10; #wavelength(m) \n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda_dash=lamda+(h*(1-math.cos(theta))/(m0*c)); #wavelength of scattered photon(m) \n", + "E=h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamda_dash)); #energy of recoil electron(joule)\n", + "x=h/(lamda*m0*c);\n", + "tanphi=lamda*math.sin(theta)/(lamda_dash-(lamda*math.cos(theta)));\n", + "phi=math.atan(tanphi); #direction of recoil electron(radian)\n", + "phi=phi*180/math.pi; #direction of recoil electron(degrees)\n", + "phim=60*(phi-int(phi)); #angle(minutes)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of scattered photon is\",round(lamda_dash*10**10,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"energy of recoil electron is\",round(E*10**17,1),\"*10**-17 joules\"\n", + "print \"direction of recoil electron is\",int(phi),\"degrees\",int(phim),\"minutes\"\n", + "print \"answer for angle given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10, Page number 134" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 51, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy of scattered photon is 0.226 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "theta=180*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "E=1.96*10**6*e; #energy of scattered photon(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h*c/E; #wavelength(m)\n", + "delta_lamda=2*h/(m0*c); \n", + "lamda_dash=lamda+delta_lamda; #wavelength of scattered photon(m) \n", + "Edash=h*c/(e*lamda_dash); #energy of scattered photon(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy of scattered photon is\",round(Edash/10**6,3),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 135" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 65, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of scattered radiation is 4.9e-12 m\n", + "energy of recoil electron is 3.9592 *10**-14 Joules\n", + "direction of recoil electron is 27 degrees 47 minutes\n", + "answer for energy and direction of recoil electron and given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "theta=90*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "E=500*10**3*e; #energy of scattered photon(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h*c/E; #wavelength(m)\n", + "delta_lamda=h*(1-math.cos(theta))/(m0*c); \n", + "lamda_dash=lamda+delta_lamda; #wavelength of scattered radiation(m) \n", + "lamda_dash=round(lamda_dash*10**12,1)*10**-12; #wavelength of scattered radiation(m) \n", + "E=h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamda_dash)); #energy of recoil electron(J)\n", + "tanphi=lamda*math.sin(theta)/(lamda_dash-(lamda*math.cos(theta)));\n", + "phi=math.atan(tanphi); #direction of recoil electron(radian)\n", + "phi=phi*180/math.pi; #direction of recoil electron(degrees)\n", + "phim=60*(phi-int(phi)); #angle(minutes)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of scattered radiation is\",lamda_dash,\"m\"\n", + "print \"energy of recoil electron is\",round(E*10**14,4),\"*10**-14 Joules\"\n", + "print \"direction of recoil electron is\",int(round(phi)),\"degrees\",int(phim),\"minutes\"\n", + "print \"answer for energy and direction of recoil electron and given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter4.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a4871749 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,681 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 4: Matter Waves" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de-Broglie wavelength of proton is 1 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "v=3967; #velocity of proton(m/s)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h/(m*v); #de-Broglie wavelength of proton(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de-Broglie wavelength of proton is\",int(lamda*10**10),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "kinetic energy of electron is 6 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=9.11*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "lamda=5*10**-10; #de-Broglie wavelength(m)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=h**2/(2*m*lamda**2*e); #kinetic energy of electron(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"kinetic energy of electron is\",int(E),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de-Broglie wavelength of proton is 3.97 *10**-6 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "v=c/30; #velocity of proton(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=h/(m*v); #de-Broglie wavelength of proton(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de-Broglie wavelength of proton is\",round(lamda*10**14,2),\"*10**-6 angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de-Broglie wavelength of electron is 1 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "V=150; #potential difference(V)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=12.26/math.sqrt(V); #de-Broglie wavelength of electron(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de-Broglie wavelength of electron is\",int(lamda),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de-Broglie wavelength is 1.23 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "V=100; #voltage(eV) \n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h*10**10/math.sqrt(2*m*e*V); #de-Broglie wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de-Broglie wavelength is\",round(lamda,2),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de-Broglie wavelength of neutron is 0.99 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "v=4000; #velocity of proton(m/s)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h*10**10/(m*v); #de-Broglie wavelength of neutron(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de-Broglie wavelength of neutron is\",round(lamda,2),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ratio of kinetic energies of electron and proton is 1833\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mp=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "me=9.11*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "r=mp/me; #ratio of kinetic energies of electron and proton\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"ratio of kinetic energies of electron and proton is\",int(r)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ratio of wavelengths is 32\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "E=1000; #energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "r=math.sqrt(2*m/(e*E))*c; #ratio of wavelengths\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"ratio of wavelengths is\",int(round(r))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of electron is 0.289 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "lamda=1.54*10**-10; #wavelength of X-ray(m)\n", + "wf=1*10**-15; #work function(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=h*c/lamda; #energy of X-ray(J)\n", + "Ee=E-wf; #energy of electron emitted(J)\n", + "lamda=h/math.sqrt(2*m*Ee); #wavelength of electron(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of electron is\",round(lamda*10**10,3),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10, Page number 161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 29, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de broglie wavelength of proton is 1.537 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "T=400; #temperature(K)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h*10**10/math.sqrt(2*m*k*T); #de broglie wavelength of proton(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de broglie wavelength of proton is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 162" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 36, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "rest energy of electron is 8.19e-14 J\n", + "energy of proton is 8.19e-11 J\n", + "velocity of proton is 312902460.506 m/s\n", + "wavelength of electron is 1.27 *10**-5 angstrom\n", + "answers given in the book are wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=1.673*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "h=6.63*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "ke=1000; #kinetic energy\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "re=m0*c**2; #rest energy of electron(J)\n", + "Ep=ke*re; #energy of proton(J)\n", + "v=math.sqrt(2*Ep/m); #velocity of proton(m/s)\n", + "lamda=h*10**10/(m*v); #debroglie wavelength of proton(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"rest energy of electron is\",re,\"J\"\n", + "print \"energy of proton is\",Ep,\"J\"\n", + "print \"velocity of proton is\",v,\"m/s\"\n", + "print \"wavelength of electron is\",round(lamda*10**5,2),\"*10**-5 angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answers given in the book are wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 12, Page number 162" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "velocity of electron is 4.55 *10**7 m/s\n", + "kinetic energy is 5887 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "lamda=0.16*10**-10; #debroglie wavelength of electron(m)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "v=h/(lamda*m); #velocity of electron(m/s)\n", + "KE=m*v**2/(2*e); #kinetic energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"velocity of electron is\",round(v*10**-7,2),\"*10**7 m/s\"\n", + "print \"kinetic energy is\",int(KE),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 13, Page number 163" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "interplanar spacing of crystal is 1.78 angstrom\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "T=300; #temperature(K)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "d=h*10**10/math.sqrt(2*m*k*T); #interplanar spacing of crystal(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"interplanar spacing of crystal is\",round(d,2),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 14, Page number 164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "potential is 605.16 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda=0.5; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V=(12.3/lamda)**2; #potential(volts)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"potential is\",V,\"volts\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 15, Page number 164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy of gama ray photon is 19.89 *10**-16 J\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda=1*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "h=6.63*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "p=h/lamda; #momentum(J-sec/m)\n", + "E=p*c; #energy of gama ray photon(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy of gama ray photon is\",E*10**16,\"*10**-16 J\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 16, Page number 164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "velocity of electron is 2.2 *10**6 m/sec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "m=9*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "r=0.53*10**-10; #radius of orbit(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "v=h/(2*math.pi*r*m); #velocity of electron(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"velocity of electron is\",round(v*10**-6,1),\"*10**6 m/sec\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter5.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter5.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..171aaa2d --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,396 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 5: Uncertainity Principle" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in momentum is 0.211 *10**-20 kg m/sec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "hby2pi=1.055*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltax=5*10**-14; #uncertainity(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "delta_px=hby2pi/deltax; #uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in momentum is\",delta_px*10**20,\"*10**-20 kg m/sec\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in position is 3.85 *10**-3 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "v=600; #speed(m/s)\n", + "deltap=(0.005/100)*m*v; #uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltax=h/(2*math.pi*deltap); #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in position is\",round(deltax*10**3,2),\"*10**-3 m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in momentum is 3.5 *10**-24 kg ms-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltax=3*10**-11; #uncertainity(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltap=h/(2*math.pi*deltax); #uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in momentum is\",round(deltap*10**24,1),\"*10**-24 kg ms-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in determination of energy is 6.59 *10**-8 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltat=10**-8; #lifetime of excited atom(sec)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltaE=h/(2*math.pi*deltat*e); #uncertainity in determination of energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in determination of energy is\",round(deltaE*10**8,2),\"*10**-8 eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 181" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in measurement of angular momentum is 2.17 *10**-29 Js\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltaphi=math.pi/(180*60*60); \n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltaL=h/(2*math.pi*deltaphi); #uncertainity in measurement of angular momentum(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in measurement of angular momentum is\",round(deltaL*10**29,2),\"*10**-29 Js\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 181" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in position is 5.27 *10**-34 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "m=25*10**-3; #mass(kg)\n", + "v=400; #speed(m/s)\n", + "deltap=(2/100)*m*v; #uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltax=h/(2*math.pi*deltap); #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in position is\",round(deltax*10**34,2),\"*10**-34 m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 181" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "percentage of uncertainity in momentum is 3.1 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltax=2*10**-10; #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "V=1000; #voltage(V)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltap=h/(2*math.pi*deltax); #uncertainity in momentum(kg m/s)\n", + "p=math.sqrt(2*m*e*V); #momentum(kg m/s)\n", + "pp=deltap*100/p; #percentage of uncertainity in momentum\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"percentage of uncertainity in momentum is\",round(pp,1),\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in velocity of electron is 5.79 *10**4 ms-1\n", + "uncertainity in velocity of proton is 31.545 ms-1\n", + "answer for uncertainity in velocity of proton given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltax=20*10**-10; #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "me=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "mp=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltave=h/(2*math.pi*deltax*me); #uncertainity in velocity of electron(ms-1)\n", + "deltavp=h/(2*math.pi*deltax*mp); #uncertainity in velocity of proton(ms-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in velocity of electron is\",round(deltave*10**-4,2),\"*10**4 ms-1\"\n", + "print \"uncertainity in velocity of proton is\",round(deltavp,3),\"ms-1\"\n", + "print \"answer for uncertainity in velocity of proton given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "minimum uncertainity in momentum is 1.3 *10**-20 kg m/s\n", + "minimum kinetic energy of proton is 0.32 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltax=8*10**-15; #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "mp=1.67*10**-27; #mass(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltap=h/(2*math.pi*deltax); #minimum uncertainity in momentum(kg m/s)\n", + "ke=deltap**2/(2*mp*e); #minimum kinetic energy of proton(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"minimum uncertainity in momentum is\",round(deltap*10**20,1),\"*10**-20 kg m/s\"\n", + "print \"minimum kinetic energy of proton is\",round(ke/10**6,2),\"MeV\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter6.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter6.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fd167244 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,304 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 6: Schrodinger Wave Mechanics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy levels are 38 eV 150 eV 339 eV\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "a=10**-10; #width(m)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planck's constant\n", + "n1=1;\n", + "n2=2;\n", + "n3=3;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Ex=h**2/(8*e*m*a**2); #energy(eV)\n", + "E1=Ex*n1**2; #energy at 1st level(eV)\n", + "E2=Ex*n2**2; #energy at 2nd level(eV)\n", + "E3=Ex*n3**2; #energy at 3rd level(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy levels are\",int(round(E1)),\"eV\",int(round(E2)),\"eV\",int(round(E3)),\"eV\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 229" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "probability of finding the particle is 0.133\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "deltax=1*10**-10; #width\n", + "a=15*10**-10; #width(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "W=2*deltax/a; #probability of finding the particle\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"probability of finding the particle is\",round(W,3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10, Page number 229" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "probability of transmission of electron is 0.5\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "E=1; #energy(eV)\n", + "V0=2; #voltage(eV)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "chi=1.05*10**-34; \n", + "a=2*10**-10; #potential barrier\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=math.sqrt(2*m*(V0-E)*e);\n", + "y=16*E*(1-(E/V0))/V0;\n", + "T=y*math.exp(-2*a*x/chi); #probability of transmission of electron\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"probability of transmission of electron is\",round(T,1)\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 230" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fraction of electrons reflected is 0.38\n", + "fraction of electrons transmitted is 0.62\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "E=0.080*10**-19; #energy(eV)\n", + "E_V0=0.016*10**-19; #voltage(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=math.sqrt(E);\n", + "y=math.sqrt(E_V0);\n", + "R=(x-y)/(x+y); #fraction of electrons reflected\n", + "T=1-R; #fraction of electrons transmitted\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"fraction of electrons reflected is\",round(R,2)\n", + "print \"fraction of electrons transmitted is\",round(T,2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 12, Page number 231" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 37, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fraction of electrons transmitted is 0.4998\n", + "fraction of electrons reflected is 0.5002\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "E=0.34; #energy(eV)\n", + "E_V0=0.01; #voltage(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=math.sqrt(E);\n", + "y=math.sqrt(E_V0);\n", + "T=4*x*y/(x+y)**2; #fraction of electrons transmitted \n", + "R=1-T; #fraction of electrons reflected\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"fraction of electrons transmitted is\",round(T,4)\n", + "print \"fraction of electrons reflected is\",round(R,4)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 13, Page number 232" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 50, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "transmission coefficient is 3.27 *10**-9\n", + "transmission coefficient in 1st case is 7.62 *10**-8\n", + "transmission coefficient in 2nd case is 1.51 *10**-15\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "E1=1*e; #energy(J)\n", + "E2=2*e; #energy(J)\n", + "V0=5*e; #voltage(J)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "chi=1.054*10**-34; \n", + "a1=10*10**-10; #potential barrier(m)\n", + "a2=20*10**-10; #potential barrier(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "beta1=math.sqrt(2*m*(V0-E1)/(chi**2));\n", + "y1=16*E1*((V0-E1)/(V0**2));\n", + "T1=y1*math.exp(-2*a1*beta1); #transmission coefficient\n", + "beta2=math.sqrt(2*m*(V0-E2)/(chi**2));\n", + "y2=16*E2*((V0-E2)/(V0**2));\n", + "T2=y2*math.exp(-2*a1*beta2); #transmission coefficient in 1st case\n", + "T3=y2*math.exp(-2*a2*beta2); #transmission coefficient in 2nd case\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"transmission coefficient is\",round(T1*10**9,2),\"*10**-9\"\n", + "print \"transmission coefficient in 1st case is\",round(T2*10**8,2),\"*10**-8\"\n", + "print \"transmission coefficient in 2nd case is\",round(T3*10**15,2),\"*10**-15\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter7.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter7.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..31b7323a --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,277 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 7: Nuclear Structure" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "radius of He is 2.2375 fermi\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "A1=165; #mass number\n", + "A2=4; #mass number\n", + "R1=7.731; #radius(fermi)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "R2=R1*(A2/A1)**(1/3); #radius of He(fermi)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"radius of He is\",round(R2,4),\"fermi\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "average binding energy per nucleon is 7.07 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=1.008665; #mass of neutron(amu)\n", + "p=1.007276; #mass of proton(amu)\n", + "alpha=4.00150; #mass of alpha particle(amu)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "deltam=2*(p+n)-alpha;\n", + "BE=deltam*m; #binding energy(MeV)\n", + "ABE=BE/4; #average binding energy per nucleon(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"average binding energy per nucleon is\",round(ABE,2),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 260" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "binding energy of neutron is 7.25 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=1.008665; #mass of neutron(amu)\n", + "Li36=6.015125; #mass of Li(amu)\n", + "Li37=7.016004; #mass of Li(amu)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "deltam=Li36+n-Li37; \n", + "BE=deltam*m; #binding energy of neutron(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"binding energy of neutron is\",round(BE,2),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 260" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy released is 23.6 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "BEHe=4*7.0; #binding energy for He\n", + "BEH=2*1.1; #binding energy for H\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "deltaE=BEHe-(2*BEH); #energy released(MeV) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy released is\",deltaE,\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 260" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "mass is 19.987 amu\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=1.008665; #mass of neutron(amu)\n", + "p=1.007276; #mass of proton(amu)\n", + "BE=160.647; #binding energy(MeV)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Mx=10*(p+n)-(BE/m); #mass(amu)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"mass is\",round(Mx,3),\"amu\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 261" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "binding energy of neutron is 11.471 MeV\n", + "answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=1.008665; #mass of neutron(amu)\n", + "Ca41=40.962278; #mass of Ca(amu)\n", + "Ca42=41.958622; #mass of Ca(amu)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "deltam=Ca41+n-Ca42; \n", + "BE=deltam*m; #binding energy of neutron(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"binding energy of neutron is\",round(BE,3),\"MeV\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter8.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter8.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ecefb615 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 8: Alpha and Beta Decays" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 282" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "velocity of beta article is 0.8624 c\n", + "mass of beta particle is 1.98 m0\n", + "flux density is 0.029106 weber/m**2\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "Ek=0.5*10**6; #kinetic energy(eV)\n", + "m0=9.11*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/s)\n", + "r=0.1; #radius(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=(Ek*e/(m0*c**2))+1;\n", + "y=1-(1/x)**2;\n", + "v=c*math.sqrt(y); #velocity of beta article(m/s)\n", + "m=m0/math.sqrt(1-(v/c)**2); #mass of beta particle(kg)\n", + "B=m*v/(e*r); #flux density(weber/m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"velocity of beta article is\",round(v/c,4),\"c\"\n", + "print \"mass of beta particle is\",round(m/m0,2),\"m0\"\n", + "print \"flux density is\",round(B,6),\"weber/m**2\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "kinetic energy of alpha particle is 4.782 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "A=226; #atomic weight\n", + "Ra=226.02540; #mass of Ra\n", + "Rn=222.017571; #mass of Rn\n", + "He=4.002603; #mass of He\n", + "m=931.5; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(Ra-Rn-He)*m; \n", + "kalpha=(A-4)*Q/A; #kinetic energy of alpha particle(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"kinetic energy of alpha particle is\",round(kalpha,3),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum kinetic energy of electrons is 4.548 MeV\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Ne=22.99465; #mass of Ne\n", + "Na=22.989768; #mass of Na\n", + "m=931.5; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(Ne-Na)*m; #maximum kinetic energy of electrons(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"maximum kinetic energy of electrons is\",round(Q,3),\"MeV\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 284" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Q value of 1st decay is 0.482 MeV\n", + "Q value of 2nd decay is 1.504 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "K=39.963999; #mass of K\n", + "Ca=39.962591; #mass of Ca\n", + "Ar=39.962384; #mass of Ar\n", + "me=0.000549; #mass of electron \n", + "m=931.5; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q1=(K-Ar-(2*me))*m; #Q value of 1st decay(MeV)\n", + "Q2=(K-Ar)*m; #Q value of 2nd decay(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Q value of 1st decay is\",round(Q1,3),\"MeV\"\n", + "print \"Q value of 2nd decay is\",round(Q2,3),\"MeV\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter9.ipynb b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter9.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..444cec94 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/Chapter9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 9: Nuclear Reactions" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 299" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Q value in nuclear reaction is -1.1898 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "N=14.003073; #mass of N\n", + "O=16.99913; #mass of O\n", + "H=1.007825; #mass of H\n", + "He=4.002604; #mass of He\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(N+He-(O+H))*m; #Q value in nuclear reaction(MeV) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Q value in nuclear reaction is\",round(Q,4),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 299" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "heat generated is 6.6 *10**6 KWH\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Li=7.01600; #mass of Li\n", + "H=1.007825; #mass of H\n", + "He=4.002604; #mass of He\n", + "m=931; \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "N=6.02*10**26; #avagadro number\n", + "M=0.1; #mass(kg)\n", + "x=1000*3600;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(Li+H-(He+He))*m*10**6*e; #heat generated by Li(J)\n", + "mLi=Li/N; #mass of Li(kg) \n", + "H=Q*M/(x*mLi); #heat generated(KWH)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"heat generated is\",round(H*10**-6,1),\"*10**6 KWH\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 300" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Q-value for the reaction is 5.485 MeV\n", + "kinetic energy of Zn is 0.635 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Cu=62.929599; #mass of Cu\n", + "H=2.014102; #mass of H(amu)\n", + "n=1.008665; #mass of n(amu)\n", + "Zn=63.929145; #mass of Zn(amu)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "Kx=12; #energy of deuterons(MeV)\n", + "Ky=16.85; #kinetic energy of deuterons(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(H+Cu-n-Zn)*m; #Q-value for the reaction(MeV)\n", + "K=Q+Kx-Ky; #kinetic energy of Zn(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Q-value for the reaction is\",round(Q,3),\"MeV\"\n", + "print \"kinetic energy of Zn is\",round(K,3),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 301" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "threshold kinetic energy is 5.378 MeV\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "P=1.007825; #mass of P(amu)\n", + "H2=2.014102; #mass of H2(amu)\n", + "H3=3.016049; #mass of H3(amu)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(P+H3-(2*H2))*m; #Q-value(MeV)\n", + "Kth=-Q*(1+(P/H3)); #threshold kinetic energy(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"threshold kinetic energy is\",round(Kth,3),\"MeV\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/screenshots/11.png b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/screenshots/11.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..4f3bb200 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/screenshots/11.png diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/screenshots/22.png b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/screenshots/22.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..4c59d9af --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/screenshots/22.png diff --git a/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/screenshots/33.png b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/screenshots/33.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..2a121876 --- /dev/null +++ b/BSc_3rd_Year_Physics_Paper_4_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/screenshots/33.png diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/AppendixB.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/AppendixB.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..59bd7dd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/AppendixB.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:1f5ae555ac2a157f0b132375251e1524df6c01d683983f76dbbc48ea3bbe3233"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Appendix B EM waves in conducting Medium"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example B.1 Page no 414"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=5.8*10**7 #s/m\n",
+ "v=1 #MHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "u=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+ "d=v/math.sqrt((math.pi*10**-6*u*a))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Skin depth is\",round(d*10**-3,3),\"mm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Skin depth is 0.066 mm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example B.2 Page no 414"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=2.56*10**-4\n",
+ "n=10.0**10\n",
+ "er=2.3\n",
+ "e0=8.85*10**-12\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "v=a/(2*math.pi*n*er*e0)\n",
+ "V=c*math.sqrt(1/er)\n",
+ "B=(v*2*math.pi*n)/(2*v)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Phase velocity is\", round(V*10**-8,2),\"*10**8 m/s\"\n",
+ "print\"Magnitude of attenuation constant is\",round(B*10**-10,2),\"*10**-2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Phase velocity is 1.98 *10**8 m/s\n",
+ "Magnitude of attenuation constant is 3.14 *10**-2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example B.3 Page no 415"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=1.6*10**6 #Hz\n",
+ "a=38.3*10**6 #/sm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "d=1/(math.sqrt(math.pi*n*a*math.pi*4*10**-7))\n",
+ "v=2*math.pi*n*d\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Skin depth is\", round(d*10**6,1),\"micro m\"\n",
+ "print\"Wave velocity is\",round(v,0),\"m/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Skin depth is 64.3 micro m\n",
+ "Wave velocity is 646.0 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/AppendixC.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/AppendixC.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..03311fdd --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/AppendixC.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:dd508155a47c2bffcd2dfdcfbd55f2abf1514dac72895d0c19bd7f9bfbad737d"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Appendix C Acoustics of Buildings"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example C.1 Page no 427"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "s1=5000\n",
+ "a1=0.05\n",
+ "s2=8000\n",
+ "a2=0.03\n",
+ "s3=500\n",
+ "a3=0.025\n",
+ "s4=600\n",
+ "a4=0.3\n",
+ "s5=500\n",
+ "a5=4.2\n",
+ "v1=50\n",
+ "v2=80\n",
+ "v3=20\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "A1=s1*a1\n",
+ "A2=s2*a2\n",
+ "A3=s3*a3\n",
+ "A4=s4*a4\n",
+ "A5=s5*a5\n",
+ "A=A1+A2+A3+A4+A5\n",
+ "V=v1*v2*v3\n",
+ "T=(0.16*V)/A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(i) Reverbrating time with absorption coefficient 0.05 is\",A1,\"sq m\"\n",
+ "print\"(ii) Reverbrating time with absorption coefficient 0.03 is\",A2,\"sq m\"\n",
+ "print\"(iii) Reverbrating time with absorption coefficient 0.025 is\",A3,\"sq m\"\n",
+ "print\"(iv) Reverbrating time with absorption coefficient 0.3 is\",A4,\"sq m\"\n",
+ "print\"(v) Reverbrating time is\",round(T,1),\"Second\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) Reverbrating time with absorption coefficient 0.05 is 250.0 sq m\n",
+ "(ii) Reverbrating time with absorption coefficient 0.03 is 240.0 sq m\n",
+ "(iii) Reverbrating time with absorption coefficient 0.025 is 12.5 sq m\n",
+ "(iv) Reverbrating time with absorption coefficient 0.3 is 180.0 sq m\n",
+ "(v) Reverbrating time is 4.6 Second\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example C.2 Page no 428"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "S1=220 #m**2\n",
+ "S2=120 \n",
+ "S3=120\n",
+ "T=460.0\n",
+ "a1=0.03\n",
+ "a2=0.06\n",
+ "a3=0.80\n",
+ "V=600 #m**3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "A=S1*a1+S2*a2+S3*a3\n",
+ "Av=A/T\n",
+ "T1=0.16*V/A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Average absorption coefficient is\",round(Av,3)\n",
+ "print\"Reverbration time is\",round(T1,2),\"Sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Average absorption coefficient is 0.239\n",
+ "Reverbration time is 0.87 Sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example C.3 Page no 429"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "V=7000 #m**3\n",
+ "T=1.4 #sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "A=0.16*V/T\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Total absorption is\",A,\"O.W.U\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Total absorption is 800.0 O.W.U\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 30
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example C.4 Page no 429"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a1=6 #m\n",
+ "a2=4\n",
+ "a3=3\n",
+ "a=0.25\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "V=a1*a2*a3\n",
+ "S=((a1*a2)+(a2*a3)+(a3*a1))*a\n",
+ "T=0.16*V/S\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Time of reverbration is\",round(T,2),\"Sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Time of reverbration is 0.85 Sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 37
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example C.5 Page no 430"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a1=0.03\n",
+ "s1=220\n",
+ "a2=0.80\n",
+ "s2=120\n",
+ "a3=0.06\n",
+ "s3=120\n",
+ "V=1200\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "a=(a1*s1+a2*s2+a3*s3)/(s1+s2+s3)\n",
+ "a1=a*(s1+s2+s3)\n",
+ "T=0.16*V/a1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Average sound absorption coefficient is\", round(a,4)\n",
+ "print\"Reverberation time is\",round(T,2),\"Second\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Average sound absorption coefficient is 0.2387\n",
+ "Reverberation time is 1.75 Second\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 47
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/AppendixE.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/AppendixE.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e9eeb39d --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/AppendixE.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,298 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:71a2a43bff110d18f4f5b8bfe00dd3899b9e51db23c52fd655d330ac3ea92bc5"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Appendix E Thermal Radiation"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example E.1 Page no 446"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "K=380 #W/m/K\n",
+ "A=7.85*10**-5 #m**2\n",
+ "x=0.19\n",
+ "a1=100\n",
+ "a2=30\n",
+ "t=600 #sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Q=(K*A*(a1-a2)*t)/x\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Amount of heat is\",round(Q*10**-3,1),\"*10**3 J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Amount of heat is 6.6 *10**3 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example E.2 Page no 446"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "K=0.1674 #j/a/m/degree C\n",
+ "A=3600 #cm**2\n",
+ "x=0.04\n",
+ "L=336.0*10**3 #J/Kg\n",
+ "a1=27\n",
+ "a2=0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "A1=6*A\n",
+ "Q=K*A1*(a1-a2)/x\n",
+ "m=Q/L\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Rate of flow of heat is\",round(Q*10**-4,2),\"J\"\n",
+ "print\"Mass of ice melted per second is\",round(m*10**-1,3),\"*10**-3 Kg/sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Rate of flow of heat is 244.07 J\n",
+ "Mass of ice melted per second is 0.726 *10**-3 Kg/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example E.3 Page no 447"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "K=0.26 #cal/s/cm/degree C\n",
+ "r=1\n",
+ "x=200 #cm\n",
+ "a1=250 #degree\n",
+ "Q=0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=math.pi*r**2\n",
+ "a2=a1-(Q*x/(K*A))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Temperature of other end is\", round(a2,1),\"Degree C\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Temperature of other end is 127.6 Degree C\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example E.4 Page no 447"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "K=1 #W/m/K\n",
+ "A=0.5 #m**2\n",
+ "t=3600 #sec\n",
+ "x=6*10**-3 #m\n",
+ "a1=24 #degree\n",
+ "a2=2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Q=K*A*t*(a1-a2)/x\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Heat is\",Q*10**-5,\"*10**5 J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Heat is 66.0 *10**5 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example E.5 Page no 448"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given\n",
+ "T=2100 #K\n",
+ "er=0.5\n",
+ "a=5.67*10**-8 #W/m**2/K**4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=er*a*T**4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Power radiated per unit area is\",round(E*10**-5,1),\"*10**5 W/m**2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Power radiated per unit area is 5.5 *10**5 W/m**2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example E.6 Page no 448"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "E=315 #W/m**2\n",
+ "T=273.0 #K\n",
+ "t=60 #sec\n",
+ "r=10*10**-2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a=E/T**4\n",
+ "T1=1000+T\n",
+ "E=a*4*math.pi*r**2*T1**4*t\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Heat radiated is\",round(E*10**-5,2),\"*10**5 J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Heat radiated is 11.23 *10**5 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example E.7 Page no 448"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "r=6*10**-2\n",
+ "T1=1200+273 #K\n",
+ "T2=500+273\n",
+ "a=5.7*10**-8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "E=a*4*math.pi*r**2*(T1**4-T2**4)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Rate of loss of heat is\",round(E*10**-3,1),\"*10**3 W\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Rate of loss of heat is 11.2 *10**3 W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/Chapter18.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/Chapter18.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dc485aac --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/Chapter18.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,419 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:96f5d1279be2252c9ff04c355e85834215067f6eb464abda89728ac05eeaeb23"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 18 Uncertainty Principle and Quantum Statistics"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18.1 Page no 122"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=1.05*10**-34\n",
+ "x=10.0**-8\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "p=h/x\n",
+ "v=h/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Minimum uncertainty in its velocity is\",round(v*10**4,2),\"*10**4 m/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum uncertainty in its velocity is 1.15 *10**4 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18.2 Page no 122"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "E=200\n",
+ "m=9*10**-31\n",
+ "e=1.602*10**-19\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34\n",
+ "r=10**-6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "p=math.sqrt(2*m*E*e)\n",
+ "p1=h/(2*r)\n",
+ "a=p1/p\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Uncertainty introduced in the angle of emergence is\", round(a*10**5,2),\"*10**-6 radians\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Uncertainty introduced in the angle of emergence is 4.36 *10**-6 radians\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18.3 Page no 123"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=1.05*10**-34 #j-s\n",
+ "v=3*10**7 #m/s\n",
+ "m0=9*10**-31 #Kg\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "x=(h/(m0*v))*(math.sqrt(1-(v/c)*2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Smallest possible uncertainty is\", round(x*10**10,3),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Smallest possible uncertainty is 0.039 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18.4 Page no 123"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=1.05*10**-34\n",
+ "x=0.0001\n",
+ "m=9*10**-31\n",
+ "X=5*10**-10\n",
+ "m1=1.67*10**-27\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "p=h/x\n",
+ "v=p*10**-9/(m*X)\n",
+ "M=4*m1\n",
+ "V=p/(M*X)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Uncertainty in the velocity of electron is\", round(v,2),\"*10**3 m/s\"\n",
+ "print\"Uncertainty in the velocity of alpha particle is\",round(V*10**-4,1),\"m/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Uncertainty in the velocity of electron is 2.33 *10**3 m/s\n",
+ "Uncertainty in the velocity of alpha particle is 31.4 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 48
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18.5 Page no 124"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "E=200 #eV\n",
+ "A=1.6*10**-19 #J\n",
+ "S=9*10**-31\n",
+ "q=2\n",
+ "x=1.05*10**-34 #J.s\n",
+ "y=2*10**-6 #m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "P=math.sqrt(q*S*E*A)\n",
+ "P1=x/y\n",
+ "P2=P1/P\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The uncertainty introduced in the angle of emergence is\",round(P2*10**6,2),\"10**-6 radians\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The uncertainty introduced in the angle of emergence is 6.92 10**-6 radians\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 56
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18.6 Page no 124"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=1.05*10**4 #ms**-1\n",
+ "b=0.01 \n",
+ "h=1.05*10**-34 #Js\n",
+ "m=9*10**-31\n",
+ "s=100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "v=h*s/(m*b*h)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The uncertainty in the position of the electron is\",round(v*10**-34,1),\"10**-4 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The uncertainty in the position of the electron is 1.1 10**-4 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 65
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18.7 Page no 124"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "q=50 #g\n",
+ "w=300 #ms**-1\n",
+ "i=0.01\n",
+ "d=1000.0\n",
+ "e=100.0\n",
+ "h=6.62*10**-34\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "b=(w*(q/d)*(i/e))\n",
+ "b1=h/(2*math.pi*b)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The accuracy is\",round(b1*10**32,0),\"10**-32 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The accuracy is 7.0 10**-32 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 78
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18.8 Page no 124"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "y=10**12\n",
+ "h=6.62*10**-34\n",
+ "a=2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "E=h/(a*math.pi*y)\n",
+ "E1=E/h\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The probable uncertainty in energy is\",round(E*10**46,3),\"10**-22 J\"\n",
+ "print\"The frequency of a gamma-ray is\",round(E1*10**13,2),\"10**11 Hz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The probable uncertainty in energy is 1.054 10**-22 J\n",
+ "The frequency of a gamma-ray is 1.59 10**11 Hz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 89
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18.9 Page no 125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=6.63*10**-34 #J.sec\n",
+ "a=10**-8\n",
+ "b=2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "E=h/(b*math.pi*a)\n",
+ "v=E/h\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The uncertainty in the energy is\",round(E*10**26,3),\"10**-26 J\"\n",
+ "print\"The uncertainty in the frwquency of light is\",round(v*10**-7,2),\"10**7 Hz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The uncertainty in the energy is 1.055 10**-26 J\n",
+ "The uncertainty in the frwquency of light is 1.59 10**7 Hz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 99
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18.10 Page no 125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=10**-8 #sec\n",
+ "h=1.05*10**-34\n",
+ "l=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "g=h/a\n",
+ "E=g/l\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The limit of accuracy is\",round(E*10**8,2)*10**-8,\"eV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The limit of accuracy is 6.56e-08 eV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 113
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter1.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5be89250 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1592 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:ee5d81beae8ca18c4c460d21085e375c6aabc7924316241bd3369b021ef9ba7b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 1 Interference of light"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.1 Page no 35"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "I1=9\n",
+ "I2=4.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "I=I1/I2\n",
+ "i=math.sqrt(I)\n",
+ "Imax=((i+1)/(i-1))**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Ratio of maximum intensity of the fringe system is\",Imax,\":1\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ratio of maximum intensity of the fringe system is 25.0 :1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.2 Page no 36"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=4\n",
+ "b=2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "amax=a+b\n",
+ "amin=a-b\n",
+ "I=amax**2/amin**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Ratio of maximum to minimum intensity is\", I"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ratio of maximum to minimum intensity is 9\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.3 Page no 36"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "I=0.6\n",
+ "a=0.4\n",
+ "I2=0.4\n",
+ "a1=1.6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=(I-a1-a)/(2.0*math.sqrt(a1*a))\n",
+ "A1=math.acos(A)*180.0/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Minimum phase difference is\", round(A1,0),\"Degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum phase difference is 151.0 Degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 24
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.4 Page no 36"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d=0.5*10**-3 #m\n",
+ "lembda=5890*10**-10 #m\n",
+ "D=0.5 #m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "B=D*lembda/d\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Width of fringes is\", B*10**3,\"10**-3 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Width of fringes is 0.589 10**-3 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.5 Page no 36"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "lembda=5100*10**-10 #m\n",
+ "D=2\n",
+ "x=0.02\n",
+ "n=10.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "B=x/n\n",
+ "d=D*lembda/B\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Double slit seperation is\", d*10**5,\"*10**-5 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Double slit seperation is 51.0 *10**-5 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 34
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.6 Page no 36"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "B=0.31*10**-3 #m\n",
+ "d=1.9*10**-3\n",
+ "D=1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "lembda=B*d/D\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength of light is\",lembda*10**10,\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength of light is 5890.0 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 38
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.7 Page no 37"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=10\n",
+ "D=0.04 #m\n",
+ "lembda=5890*10**-10\n",
+ "d=2*10**-3 #m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "x10=n*D*lembda/d\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Position of tenth bright fringe is\",x10*10**4,\"*10**-4 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Position of tenth bright fringe is 1.178 *10**-4 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 41
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.8 Page no 37"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=5890*10**-10 #m\n",
+ "a=0.05\n",
+ "b=0.75\n",
+ "B=9.424*10**-4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "D=a+b\n",
+ "B1=L*D/B\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Distance is\", B1*10**4,\"*10**-4 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Distance is 5.0 *10**-4 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 46
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.9 Page no 37"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=0.10\n",
+ "b=1\n",
+ "l=5900*10**-10\n",
+ "A=22\n",
+ "u=1.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "D=a+b\n",
+ "B=L*D*180*7/(2*a*(u-1)*A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Fringe width is\", round(B*10**5,0),\"*10**-5 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frige width is 37.0 *10**-5 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 51
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.10 Page no 37"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u=1.45\n",
+ "l=5890*10**-10 #m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t=5*l/(u-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness is\", round(t*10**6,3)*10**-6,\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness is 6.544e-06 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 57
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.11 Page no 38"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=0.25 #m\n",
+ "b=1.75\n",
+ "L=5*10**-7\n",
+ "u=1.50\n",
+ "B=0.2*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "D=a+b\n",
+ "d=L*D/B\n",
+ "A=(L*D)/(B*2*a*(u-1))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Angle at the vertex is\", A,\"Radian\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Angle at the vertex is 0.02 Radian\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.12 Page no 38"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "B=0.0135 #cm\n",
+ "a=50\n",
+ "b=50.0\n",
+ "u=1.5\n",
+ "A=179 #Degree\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "D=a+b\n",
+ "L=(2*a*(u-1)*B*math.pi)/(D*360)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength of light is\", round(L*10**8,0),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength of light is 5890.0 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.13 Page no 38"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d1=0.75\n",
+ "d=1\n",
+ "b=0.087\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "B=d/d1\n",
+ "B1=B*b\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Fringe width is\", B1,\"mm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Fringe width is 0.116 mm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 29
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.14 Page no 39"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u=1.50\n",
+ "a=0.10 #m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "d=(2*(u-1)*a*math.pi)/90.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Separation between coherent sources is\",round(d*10**2,2),\"*10**-2 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Separation between coherent sources is 0.35 *10**-2 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 37
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.15 Page no 39"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "t=6.3*10**-6 #m\n",
+ "L=5460*10**-10\n",
+ "n=6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculattion\n",
+ "u=((n*L)/t)+1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Refractive index is\",u"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Refractive index is 1.52\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 38
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.16 Page no 39"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "t=3.4*10**-6 #m\n",
+ "L=5893*10**-10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "u=1+((4*L)/t)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Refractive index is\",round(u,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Refractive index is 1.69\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.17 Page no 39"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=6000*10**-10\n",
+ "t=3.6*10**-5\n",
+ "n=30\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "u=1+((n*L)/t)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Refractive index of the sheet is\",u"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Refractive index of the sheet is 1.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 41
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.18 Page no 40"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=2\n",
+ "D=1.2\n",
+ "d=3*10**-5\n",
+ "x2=45*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "L=x2*d/(D*n)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"lembda is\",L*10**10,\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "lembda is 5625.0 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 44
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Eaxmple 1.19 Page no 40"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L1=6.1*10**-5\n",
+ "L2=6.0*10**-5\n",
+ "u=4/3.0\n",
+ "I=4/5.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "t=L1*L2/((L1-L2)*2*math.sqrt(u**2-I**2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness is\",round(t,4),\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness is 0.0017 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 47
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.20 Page no 41"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u=1.5\n",
+ "L=5890*10**-10\n",
+ "n=1\n",
+ "r=60 #degree\n",
+ "a=0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t=n*L/(2*u*a)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Smallest thickness of the plate is\", round(t*10**10,0),\"*10**-10 m\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Smallest thickness of the plate is 3927.0 *10**-10 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 52
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.21 Page no 41"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=5890*10**-10\n",
+ "n=8\n",
+ "a=1/2.0\n",
+ "b=1.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "r=math.sqrt(1-(a/b)**2)\n",
+ "t=n*L/(2*b*r)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Film thickness is\", round(t*10**6,3)*10**-6,\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Film thickness is 1.666e-06 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 59
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.22 Page no 41"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=5*10**-7 #m\n",
+ "t=1.5*10**-6\n",
+ "u=4/3.0\n",
+ "A=0.7604\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "r=(math.sin(60*3.14/180.0))/u\n",
+ "n=2*u*t*A/L\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"Order of dark band is\", round(n,0)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Order of dark band is 6.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 73
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.23 Page no 42"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "x=0.15\n",
+ "L=6000*10**-10\n",
+ "A=0.05*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "B=L*x/(2*A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Fringe width is\",B*10**4,\"*10**-4 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Fringe width is 9.0 *10**-4 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 76
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.24 Page no 42"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "B=0.5*10**-2\n",
+ "u=1.40\n",
+ "a=10\n",
+ "b=22\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "L=2*a*b*u*B/(60*60*180*7)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength of light is\", round(L*10**10,0),\"*10**-10 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength of light is 6790.0 *10**-10 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 83
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.25 Page no 43"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "x=10**-2\n",
+ "m=10\n",
+ "L=6000*10**-10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=m*L/(2*x)\n",
+ "A1=A*180*60*60/(math.pi)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Angle of wedge is\", round(A1,1),\"Seconds\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Angle of wedge is 61.9 Seconds\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 88
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.26 Page no 43"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u=1.4\n",
+ "t=0.001\n",
+ "L1=4000.0*10**-8\n",
+ "L2=5000.0*10**-8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "r=math.sqrt(1-1/(2*u**2))\n",
+ "n1=2*u*t*r/L1\n",
+ "n2=2*u*t*r/L2\n",
+ "n=n1-n2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Number of dark bands is\", round(n,0)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Number of dark bands is 12.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 96
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.27 Page no 44"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=5890*10**-10\n",
+ "d=10**-2\n",
+ "u=1\n",
+ "n=3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "R=d**2*math.cos(30*3.14/180.0)\n",
+ "R1=R/(4*n*L)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Radius of the lens is\", round(R1,2),\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Radius of the lens is 12.25 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 102
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.28 Page no 44"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=8\n",
+ "dn=0.72*10**-2\n",
+ "R=3\n",
+ "u=1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "L=dn**2/((2*n-1)*2*R)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength of light is\", L*10**10,\"*10**-10 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength of light is 5760.0 *10**-10 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 107
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.29 Page no 44"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=5\n",
+ "L=5400*10**-8\n",
+ "R1=100.0\n",
+ "R2=100.0\n",
+ "n1=15\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "r=math.sqrt((n*L)/(1/R1+1/R2))\n",
+ "r1=math.sqrt((n1*L)/(1/R1+1/R2))\n",
+ "R=r1-r\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Distance between 5th and 15th dark ring is\", round(R,4),\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Distance between 5th and 15th dark ring is 0.0851 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 119
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.30 Page no 45"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d=0.25 #cm\n",
+ "dair=0.30\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "u=(dair/d)**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Refractive index is\",u"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Refractive index is 1.44\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 121
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.31 Page no 45"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "R1=3.0 #m\n",
+ "R2=4.0\n",
+ "n=13\n",
+ "L=6*10**-7\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "r=math.sqrt((2*n-1)*L/((1/R1-1/R2)*2.0))\n",
+ "D=2*r\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\" Diameter of the 13th bright ring is\",round(D,3),\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " Diameter of the 13th bright ring is 0.019 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 129
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.32 Page no 45"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u=1\n",
+ "d1=0.25\n",
+ "d2=0.30\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "V=((d1/d2)**2)*c\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Velocity of light is\",round(V*10**-8,2),\"*10**8 m/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Velocity of light is 2.08 *10**8 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 135
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.33 Page no 46"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=5\n",
+ "a=25\n",
+ "m=20\n",
+ "R=100\n",
+ "dn=0.3\n",
+ "d=0.8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "L=(d**2-dn**2)/(4*R*m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength is\", L*10**8,\"*10**-8 cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength is 6875.0 *10**-8 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 140
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.34 Page no 46"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=4\n",
+ "a=12\n",
+ "m=8.0\n",
+ "d12=0.700\n",
+ "dn=0.400\n",
+ "n1=20\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "R=(d12**2-dn**2)/m\n",
+ "d20=math.sqrt(n1*R)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Diameter of 20th dark ring is\", round(d20,3),\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Diameter of 20th dark ring is 0.908 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 145
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.35 Page no 46"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=3\n",
+ "a=23\n",
+ "m=20\n",
+ "R=50\n",
+ "d=0.501\n",
+ "dn=0.181\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "L=(d**2-dn**2)/(4*m*R)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength is\", L*10**8,\"*10**-8 cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength is 5456.0 *10**-8 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 149
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.36 Page no 47"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d=0.295*10**-3\n",
+ "n=100.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "L=(2*d)/n\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength of light is\", L*10**9,\"*10**-9 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength of light is 5900.0 *10**-9 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 154
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.37 Page no 47"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=5000.0*10**-10\n",
+ "d=0.1*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "n=2*d/L\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Number of fringes is\",n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Number of fringes is 400.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 155
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.38 Page no 47"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=5890*10**-10\n",
+ "d=0.289*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "L1=L**2/(2*d)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Difference in wavelength is\", round(L1*10**10,0)*10**-10,\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Difference in wavelength is 6e-10 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 161
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.39 Page no 47"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u=1.50\n",
+ "L=5890*10**-10\n",
+ "m=10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t=m*L/(2*(u-1))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness of the film is\",t*10**8,\"*10**-8 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness of the film is 589.0 *10**-8 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 166
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.40 Page no 48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=150\n",
+ "L=4000*10**-10\n",
+ "l=0.20\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "u=1+(n*L/(2*l))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Refractive index is\",u"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Refractive index is 1.00015\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 167
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.41 Page no 48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u=1.45\n",
+ "n=6.5\n",
+ "L=5890*10**-10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t=n*L/(2*(u-1))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness is\", round(t*10**6,3),\"*10**-6 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness is 4.254 *10**-6 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 172
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.42 Page no 48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L1=5896*10**-8\n",
+ "L2=5890*10**-8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "d=L1*L2/(2*(L1-L2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Distance is\",round(d,5),\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Distance is 0.02894 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 176
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter10.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter10.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f837d51b --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:60e1b4f69268bf5ef981c421da464c3f2155bd9dcb0f2936b64236297523b2ca"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 10 Nuclear Fission and Fusion"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.1 Page no 351"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "c=3*10**8 #m/s\n",
+ "m=3.6*10**-3 #Kg\n",
+ "a=36000\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=m*c**2\n",
+ "E1=E/(a*10**3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy is\", E1*10**-6,\"*10**7 Kilo watt-hrs\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy is 9.0 *10**7 Kilo watt-hrs\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.2 Page no 352"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "mn=1.6747*10**-27\n",
+ "mp=1.6725*10**-27\n",
+ "me=9*10**-31\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "m=mn-(mp+me)\n",
+ "E=(m*c**2)/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy produced is\", round(E*10**-6,2),\"Mev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy produced is 0.73 Mev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.3 Page no 352"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "P=3.2*10**7 #Watts\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-13\n",
+ "E1=200.0\n",
+ "a=1000\n",
+ "N=6.0*10**23\n",
+ "A=235\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=P/e\n",
+ "n=E/E1\n",
+ "n1=n*a*3600\n",
+ "m=n1*A/N\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Number of fission occuring in the reactor/sec is\", n\n",
+ "print\"Mass of U235 used in 1000 hrs is\",m*10**-3,\"Kg\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Number of fission occuring in the reactor/sec is 1e+18\n",
+ "Mass of U235 used in 1000 hrs is 1.41 Kg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter11.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter11.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..518ccde5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:5eaf89b152ca748a2683d4aae6e84226b27a321383e75d742208d36f80cde7b1"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 11 Interaction and detection of nuclear radiations"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.1 Page no 378"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u=15.64\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a=math.log(0.5)**2/u\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Linear absorption thickness is\", round(a,3),\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Linear absorption thickness is 0.031 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 43
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.2 Page no 378"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "V0=1.5*10**5 #volts\n",
+ "r=0.01 #cm\n",
+ "b=1 #cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "E=V0/(math.log(10)*(math.log(b/r)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Electric field is\", round(E*10**-4,2),\"*10**4 V/cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Electric field is 1.41 *10**4 V/cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.3 Page no 378"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "l=15.7 #eV\n",
+ "l1=7.8*10**-6 #m\n",
+ "b=0.05/2.0 #m\n",
+ "a=0.00006 #m\n",
+ "q=2.3026\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "V=((l*a*q)/l1)*math.log10(b/a)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The voltage that must be applied to just produce an avalanche is\",round(V,0),\"volts\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The voltage that must be applied to just produce an avalanche is 729.0 volts\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter12.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter12.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eba189f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter12.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:fa25aede5e2048b3aef3db7a512e42eedd41c6618ebcfbecf8cd5a65f6b8e6f4"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 12 Ultrasonics"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 12.1 Page no 388"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "y=115*10**9 #N/m**2\n",
+ "t=40.0*10**-3\n",
+ "a=7.25*10**3 #kg/m**3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "n=(math.sqrt(y/a))/(2*t)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Resut\n",
+ "print\"Fundamental frequency is\",round(n*10**-3,1),\"KHz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Fundamental frequency is 49.8 KHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 12.2 Page no 388"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "y=8*10**10 #N/m**2\n",
+ "a=5000.0 #Kg/m**3\n",
+ "V=400.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "v=math.sqrt(y/a)\n",
+ "w=v/V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a) Velocity is\", v,\"m/sec\"\n",
+ "print\"(b) Wavelength is\",w,\"mt\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Velocity is 4000.0 m/sec\n",
+ "(b) Wavelength is 10.0 mt\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 12.3 Page no 389"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "v=1700 #m/s\n",
+ "t=0.65 #sec\n",
+ "n=0.7*10**5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "d=v*t/2.0\n",
+ "w=v/n\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Depth of sea is\", d,\"m\"\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength of pulse is\",round(w,4),\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Depth of sea is 552.5 m\n",
+ "Wavelength of pulse is 0.0243 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter14.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter14.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b2bb6119 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter14.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:f95ad053d0ee60a574142f8a3593f1e9b0c8e0f820af4e56f85cc80fe6a03524"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 14 Crystal structure"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 14.1 Page no 27"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=3.56\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=a/math.sqrt(2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a) There are 8 atmos\"\n",
+ "print\"(b) Length is\",round(A,2),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) There are 8 atmos\n",
+ "(b) Length is 2.52 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 14.6 Page no 28"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=3\n",
+ "b=2.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "d=math.sqrt(a/b)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(i) Ratio of intercepts of three axes is 1:1/2:1/3\"\n",
+ "print\"(ii) Ratio of spascing is\",round(d,3)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) Ratio of intercepts of three axes is 1:1/2:1/3\n",
+ "(ii) Ratio of spascing is 1.225\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 14.12 Page no 30"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "c=8\n",
+ "a=3.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=math.sqrt(c/a)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"A=\",round(A,3)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "A= 1.633\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 14.13 Page no 30"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "v=1.794*10**-28 #m**3\n",
+ "Kb=8.625*10**-5\n",
+ "T=298\n",
+ "A=16.65\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "E=math.log(10)*A*2*Kb*T\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Average energy required is\",round(E,3),\"eV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Average energy required is 1.971 eV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 14.14 Page no 31"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=560\n",
+ "Kb=8.625*10**-5\n",
+ "T=586\n",
+ "A=1146\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "n=1.4*a/(math.log(10)*Kb*T*A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Ratio is\", round(n,3)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ratio is 5.878\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter15.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter15.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cda8a826 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter15.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,741 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:aa5ceefed0ada315a43937860fa7396936667b9a8413471a944a5253df1179d4"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 15 X-Ray and diffraction of X-Ray"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.1 Page no 55"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "V=100000.0\n",
+ "a=12400\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "w=a/V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Cut off wavelength is\",w,\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Cut off wavelength is 0.124 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.2 Page no 56"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "V=25000.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "w=a/V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Minimum wavelength is\",w,\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum wavelength is 0.496 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.3 Page no 56"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #C\n",
+ "V=10*10**3\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 #Kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "v=math.sqrt((2*e*V)/m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Velocity of electron is\",round(v*10**-7,1),\"*10**7 m/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Velocity of electron is 5.9 *10**7 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.4 Page no 56"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=6.62*10**-34 #j-s\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #C\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "w=10**-10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=((h*c)/w)/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy of each electron is\",round(E*10**-3,2),\"Kev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy of each electron is 12.41 Kev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.5 Page no 56"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=10**-10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "V=a/w\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Minimum applied potential is\",V*10**-3,\"KV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum applied potential is 1.24e+11 KV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.6 Page no 57"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "V=40*10**3 #V\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #C\n",
+ "w=0.310*10**-10\n",
+ "c=3.0*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "h=(V*e*w)/c\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Planck's constant is\",round(h*10**34,2)*10**-34,\"Joule-sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Planck's constant is 6.61e-34 Joule-sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 32
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.7 Page no 57"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=1.93\n",
+ "a=25\n",
+ "b=49.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "W=(a/b)**2*w\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Ka lines for tin and barium is\",round(W,1),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ka lines for tin and barium is 0.5 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 36
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.8 Page no 57"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "R=1.1*10**7 #/m\n",
+ "Z=92\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "W=4/(3*R*(Z-1)**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength is\",round(W*10**10,3),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength is 0.146 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 41
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.9 Page no 58"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "I0=23.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "x=-(10/I0)*math.log(10)*math.log10(0.5)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness is\",round(x,2),\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness is 0.3 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 50
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.10 Page no 58"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "x=1.05*10**-3 #m\n",
+ "a=8930\n",
+ "u=2466.7 #m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "p=u/a\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The mass absorption coefficient of copper is\",round(p,3),\"m**3/kg\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The mass absorption coefficient of copper is 0.276 m**3/kg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 58
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.11 Page no 58"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d=2.820 #A\n",
+ "q=2\n",
+ "a=0.1491\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "l=d*a*q\n",
+ "l1=math.asin((q*l)/(q*d))*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The wavelength of the x-ray is\",round(l,3),\"A\"\n",
+ "print\"The angle is\",round(l1,0),\"degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The wavelength of the x-ray is 0.841 A\n",
+ "The angle is 17.0 degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 68
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.12 Page no 59"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d=3.84*10**-8\n",
+ "n=2\n",
+ "a=10*0.05\n",
+ "h=6.6*10**-34\n",
+ "e=10**-10\n",
+ "m=1.67*10**-27\n",
+ "A=30\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "l=n*d*math.sin(A*3.14/180.0)\n",
+ "v=(h/(m*l*10))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The wave length of the neutron beam is\",round(l*10**8,2),\"10**-8\"\n",
+ "print\"Speed is\", round(v,2),\"*10**3 m/sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The wave length of the neutron beam is 3.84 10**-8\n",
+ "Speed is 1.03 *10**3 m/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 106
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.13 Page no 59"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "l=1.8*10**-18\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "a=1*l\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Interatomic spacing is\",a,\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Interatomic spacing is 1.8e-18 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 109
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.14 Page no 59"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d=2.814\n",
+ "a=9 #degree\n",
+ "n1=1\n",
+ "n2=2\n",
+ "n3=3\n",
+ "n4=4\n",
+ "n5=5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "l1=n2*d*math.sin(a*3.14/180.0)\n",
+ "l2=l1/2.0\n",
+ "l3=l1/3.0\n",
+ "l4=l1/4.0\n",
+ "l5=l1/5.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength is\",round(l1,4),\"A\\n\",round(l2,4),\"A\\n\",round(l3,4),\"A\\n\",round(l4,4),\"A\\n\",round(l5,4),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength is 0.88 A\n",
+ "0.44 A\n",
+ "0.2933 A\n",
+ "0.22 A\n",
+ "0.176 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 132
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.15 Page no 59"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=0.71 #A \n",
+ "a=2.814\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=math.asin(w/a)*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The glancing angle on the cube face is\",round(A,0)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The glancing angle on the cube face is 15.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 143
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.16 Page no 60"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=2*10**-11\n",
+ "q=45\n",
+ "l=3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "r=1*w*math.sqrt(l)/(2*math.sin(q*3.14/180.0))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The interatomic spacing of the crystal is\",round(r*10**11,2),\"10**-11\",\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The interatomic spacing of the crystal is 2.45 10**-11 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 151
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.17 Page no 60"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=5 \n",
+ "b=12 \n",
+ "c=18 \n",
+ "l=0.586 #A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "d=l/(2*math.sin(a*3.14/180.0))\n",
+ "d1=l/(math.sin(b*3.14/180.0))\n",
+ "d2=1/(2*math.sin(c*3.14/180.0))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The spacing from first maximum is\",round(d,3),\"A\"\n",
+ "print\"The spacing from second maximum is\",round(d1,3),\"A\"\n",
+ "print\"The spacing from third maximum is\",round(d2,3),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The spacing from first maximum is 3.363 A\n",
+ "The spacing from second maximum is 2.82 A\n",
+ "The spacing from third maximum is 1.619 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 173
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.18 Page no 60"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=1.549\n",
+ "d=4.255\n",
+ "n=1\n",
+ "n1=2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a=n*w/(2*d)\n",
+ "A=math.asin(a)*180/3.14\n",
+ "a1=n1*w/(2*d)\n",
+ "A1=math.asin(a1)*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Glacing angles are\",round(A,2),\"degree and\",round(A1,2),\"Degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Glacing angles are 10.49 degree and 21.36 Degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 180
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15.19 Page no 61"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=28 #Degree\n",
+ "w=0.32*10**-9\n",
+ "n=1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "d=n*w/(2.0*math.sin(a*3.14/180.0))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Distance between atomic planes is\",round(d*10**9,2),\"nm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Distance between atomic planes is 0.34 nm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 193
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter17.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter17.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ebc1d184 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter17.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:a0472cad9efc9fc083eae29a6558b27a9e3a3efc3cc73f1c739af6d2c19278c6"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 17 Development of wave Mechanics"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 17.1 Page no 102"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=6.6*10**-34 #j-s\n",
+ "v=6*10**14 #/sec\n",
+ "w=6000*10**-10 #m\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=(h*(v-(c/w)))/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy of photoelectrons is\",round(E,3),\"ev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy of photoelectrons is 0.412 ev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 17.2 Page no 102"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=4.8*10**-7\n",
+ "a0=2.3\n",
+ "h=6.6*10**-34\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "hv=h*c/(w*e)\n",
+ "K=hv-a0\n",
+ "W=(h*c)/(a0*e)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Maximum kinetic energy is\", round(K,2),\"ev\"\n",
+ "print\"Longest wavelength is\",round(W*10**7,2)*10**-7,\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum kinetic energy is 0.28 ev\n",
+ "Longest wavelength is 5.38e-07 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 17.3 Page no 103"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=6.62*10**-34 #joule-sec\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "E=1.25 #Joule\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "w=h/(math.sqrt(2*m*E*e))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength is\",round(w*10**10,0),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength is 11.0 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 34
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 17.4 Page no 103"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=6.6*10**-34 #J-s\n",
+ "m=1.674*10**-27 #Kg\n",
+ "w=10**-10 #m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=(h**2/(2*m*w**2))/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy of neutron is\", round(E,4),\"ev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy of neutron is 0.0813 ev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 39
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 17.5 Page no 103"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given\n",
+ "w=4000*10**-10 #m\n",
+ "c=3*10**8 #m/s\n",
+ "h=6.62*10**-34 #js\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "v=c/w\n",
+ "E=(h*v)/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Frequency is\", v*10**-15,\"*10**15 Hz\"\n",
+ "print\"Energy is\",round(E,1),\"ev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequency is 0.75 *10**15 Hz\n",
+ "Energy is 3.1 ev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 48
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 17.6 Page no 104"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=6.62*10**-34 #J-s\n",
+ "m=1.67*10**-27 #Kg\n",
+ "K=1.38*10**-23 #Joule/K\n",
+ "T=300 #K\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "w=h/(math.sqrt(2*m*K*T))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength is\",round(w*10**10,2),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength is 1.78 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 52
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 17.7 Page no 104"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "m=1.67*10**-27 #Kg\n",
+ "h=6.62*10**-34 #joule-sec\n",
+ "V=2000 #V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "M=4*m\n",
+ "w=h/(math.sqrt(4*M*e*V))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"De-Broglie wavelength is\",round(w*10**13,1),\"*10**-3 A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "De-Broglie wavelength is 2.3 *10**-3 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 57
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 17.8 Page no 105"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34 #j-s\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 #Kg\n",
+ "v=10**7\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "w=h/(m*v)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"De-Broglie wavelength is\",round(w*10**10,4),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "De-Broglie wavelength is 0.7281 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 65
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter19.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter19.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3a506ecc --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter19.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:1d083196ab02ad5ba2396b4a10a213058e506c3fee2a8be71f6824530382e5a1"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 19 Schrodinger Equation and its Applications"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.1 Page no 168"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given \n",
+ "h=6.624*10**-34\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31\n",
+ "a=10**-10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E1=h**2/(8*m*a**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy is\", round(E1*10**19,1),\"*10**-10 J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy is 60.3 *10**-10 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.4 Page no 169"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=10**-9 #m\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 #Kg\n",
+ "h=6.63*10**-34 #J-s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E0=h**2/(8*m*a**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Value of E0 is\",round(E0*10**20,2)*10**-17,\"J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of E0 is 6.04e-17 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19.5 Page no 169"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "x=5*10**-10\n",
+ "a=25*10**-10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "P=(2*x)/a\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Probability of finding the particle is\",P"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Probability of finding the particle is 0.4\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 29
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter2.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..44010166 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1173 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:5e77310b83fb16f4b45eb92df638029fc5fbb7881beb71539bf2e332dc67f090"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 2 Diffraction of light"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.1 Page no 85"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=6*10**-7\n",
+ "a=12*10**-7\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=math.asin(w/a)*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Half angular width of central bright maxima is\",round(A,0),\"degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Half angular width of central bright maxima is 30.0 degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.2 Page no 85"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a =0.2*10**-3 #m\n",
+ "D =2.0 # n m\n",
+ "x=5*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "w=(a*x)/D\n",
+ "w1=w*1*10**10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength of light is\", w1,\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength of light is 5000.0 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.3 Page no 85"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "f=100 #cm\n",
+ "L=6000*10**-8\n",
+ "d=0.01\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "x=1.22*f*L/d\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Separation is\",x,\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Separation is 0.732 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.4 Page no 86"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=6*10**-7 #m\n",
+ "D=2\n",
+ "x=5.0*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "a=(w*D)/x\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Slit width is\", a*10**4,\"*10**-4 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Slit width is 2.4 *10**-4 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.5 Page no 86"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=589*10**-9\n",
+ "D=1\n",
+ "a=0.1*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=math.asin(w/a)\n",
+ "A1=2*A\n",
+ "y=D*A1\n",
+ "y1=y*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Angular width of central maxima is\", round(A1,3),\"radian\"\n",
+ "print\"Linear width of central maxima is\",round(y1,3),\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Angular width of central maxima is 0.012 radian\n",
+ "Linear width of central maxima is 1.178 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.6 Page no 86"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=22.0*10**-5\n",
+ "L=5500*10**-8\n",
+ "n=1\n",
+ "n1=2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a1=L/a\n",
+ "A=math.asin(a1)*180/3.14\n",
+ "a2=math.asin(2*L/a)*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Angular position of two minima is\",round(A,2), \"Degree and\", round(a2,0),\"Degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Angular position of two minima is 14.48 Degree and 30.0 Degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.7 Page no 87"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=1\n",
+ "L=5890*10**-10\n",
+ "a=3*10**-4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=math.asin((L/a)*180/3.14)\n",
+ "A1=math.asin((3*L)/(2.0*a))*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Angle is\", round(A1*10**2,0),\"Degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Angle is 17.0 Degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.8 Page no 87"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=4890*10**-10\n",
+ "a=5*10**-3\n",
+ "f=0.4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "x1=f*L/a\n",
+ "x2=3*L*f/(2*a)\n",
+ "x=x2-x1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Distance between first dark fringe and new bright fringe is\", x,\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Distance between first dark fringe and new bright fringe is 1.956e-05 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.9 Page no 88"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=5000*10**-8 #cm\n",
+ "a=5000.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "n=1/(L*a)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Highest order spectrum is\",n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Highest order spectrum is 4.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 41
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.10 Page no 88"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "c=1/5000.0\n",
+ "w1=5890*10**-8 #cm\n",
+ "n =2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "theta = math.asin ((n*w1)/c)*180/3.14\n",
+ "w2 =5896*10** -8\n",
+ "theta1 = math.asin ((n*w2)/c)*180/3.14\n",
+ "a= theta1 - theta \n",
+ "w =5893*10**-8\n",
+ "dw=w2 -w1\n",
+ "N=w/( dw*n)\n",
+ "N1= floor (N)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a) Angular width is\",round(theta,3),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"(b) Angular separation is\",round(a,3),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"(c) No. of lines is\",N1,\"Grating\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Angular width is 36.104 Degree\n",
+ "(b) Angular separation is 0.043 Degree\n",
+ "(c) No. of lines is 491.0 Grating\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 42
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.11 Page no 89"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w1=589*10**-9\n",
+ "w2 =5896*10**-10 \n",
+ "dw=w2-w1 # change o f wave l eng th\n",
+ "w=( w1+w2) /2.0 #mid wavelength\n",
+ "n =1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "N=w/(n*dw)\n",
+ "N1= floor (N)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Number of lines is\", N1,\"grating\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Number of lines is 982.0 grating\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.12 Page no 89"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n1=2\n",
+ "n2=3.0\n",
+ "L=6360 #A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "L2=n1*L/n2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength is\",L2,\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength is 4240.0 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 44
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.13 Page no 89"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L1=5400*10**-8\n",
+ "L2=4050.0*10**-8\n",
+ "a=30 #Degree\n",
+ "b=1350.0*10**-8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "A=b/(L1*L2*2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Number of lines is\", round(A,0)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Number of lines is 3086.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 48
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.14 Page no 90"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=30 #Degree\n",
+ "L=5000*10**-8\n",
+ "x=0.01 #Radian\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=math.tan(a*3.14/180.0)\n",
+ "X=1/A\n",
+ "L1=L*x*X\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Difference in two wavelength is\", round(L1*10**8,1),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Difference in two wavelength is 86.7 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.15 Page no 90"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "#Given\n",
+ "c=1/4000.0 # grating element\n",
+ "w=5000*10**-8\n",
+ "n =3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "D=n/(c* math.sqrt (1 -((n*w/c)**2) ))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Dispersive power is\",D*10**-4,\"*10**4 rad/sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Dispersive power is 1.5 *10**4 rad/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 59
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.16 Page no 90"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=30 #Degree\n",
+ "n=2.0\n",
+ "A=5000.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "L=math.sin(a*3.14/180.0)/(n*A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength is\", round(L*10**8,0),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength is 4998.0 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 84
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.17 Page no 91"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "l =5 #length of grating\n",
+ "N =16000\n",
+ "w =6000\n",
+ "n =2.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "T=N*l\n",
+ "R=T*n\n",
+ "dw=w/(T*n)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a) Resolving power is\",R\n",
+ "print\"(b) Wavelength is\",dw,\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Resolving power is 160000.0\n",
+ "(b) Wavelength is 0.0375 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.18 Page no 91"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w1=5500 #A\n",
+ "w2=5501\n",
+ "n=2\n",
+ "W1=8500\n",
+ "W2=8501\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "w=(w1+w2)/2.0\n",
+ "W=w2-w1\n",
+ "N=w/W\n",
+ "W11=(W1+W2)/2.0\n",
+ "W12=W2-W1\n",
+ "N1=W11/W12\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The required rosolving power\", N1,\"is less than the actual power\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The required rosolving power 8500.5 is less than the actual power\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 94
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.19 Page no 92"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "c =12.5*10**-5\n",
+ "w=5*10**-5\n",
+ "N =40000\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "n=c/w\n",
+ "n1= floor (n)\n",
+ "P=n1*N\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Resolving power is\",P"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resolving power is 80000.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 87
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.20 Page no 92"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=2500.0\n",
+ "w=0.5\n",
+ "n1=1\n",
+ "L=5890*10**-8\n",
+ "a=5000\n",
+ "L2=5896*10**-8\n",
+ "L3=5893*10**-8\n",
+ "c=6*10**-8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=w/n\n",
+ "A1=math.asin(L*a)*180/3.14\n",
+ "A2=math.asin(L2*a)*180/3.14\n",
+ "A3=A2-A1\n",
+ "N=L3/c\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Angular separation between Two sodium lines are\", round(A1,1),\"degree and\",round(A2,1),\"degree\"\n",
+ "print\"Number of lines required is\",round(N,0),\"lines\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Angular separation between Two sodium lines are 17.1 degree and 17.2 degree\n",
+ "Number of lines required is 982.0 lines\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.21 Page no 93"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "l=2 #inches\n",
+ "n=40000\n",
+ "N=3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "r=n*l\n",
+ "p=N*r\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The resolving power in third order is\",p"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The resolving power in third order is 240000\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.22 Page no 93"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "N=40000.0\n",
+ "a=12.5*10**-5\n",
+ "w=80000\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "n=w/N\n",
+ "L=a/n\n",
+ "L1=L*10**8/(n*N)\n",
+ "L2=L*10**8+L1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Range of wavelength is\", round(L2,2),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Range of wavelength is 6250.08 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.23 Page no 93"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=0.5*10**-8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "w=math.sin(10*3.14/180.0)*L/(math.cos(10*3.14/180.0)*(3/(60.0*60.0))*(math.pi/180.0))\n",
+ "W=w+L\n",
+ "N=W/(L*2)\n",
+ "N1=(N*2*w)/(L*2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Minimum grating is\", round(w*10**5,0)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum grating is 6.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 60
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.24 Page no 94"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=5000 #A\n",
+ "N=30000\n",
+ "n=2.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "W=w/(n*N)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Smallest wavelength separation is\", round(W,3),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Smallest wavelength separation is 0.083 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 64
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.25 Page no 95"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "f =50 #focal length of convex lens in cm\n",
+ "w=5*10**-5 #wavelength used in cm\n",
+ "n =1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "r= math.sqrt (n*f*w)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Radius is\",r,\"cm\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Radius is 0.05 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.26 Page no 95"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d =0.2 #diameter of ring\n",
+ "n =1\n",
+ "w=5*10**-5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "r=d/2.0\n",
+ "f=(r**2) /(w*n)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Position of brightest spot is\",f,\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Position of brightest spot is 200.0 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.27 Page no 95"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "f =1 #focal length in m\n",
+ "n =1\n",
+ "w =5893*10**-10\n",
+ "n1 =3\n",
+ "n2=5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "r= math.sqrt (n*f*w)\n",
+ "r1= math.sqrt (n1*f*w)\n",
+ "r2= math.sqrt (n2*f*w)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Radius is\",round(r*10**4,2),\"*10**-4 m,\",round(r1*10**3,3),\"*10**-3 m,\",round(r2*10**3,3),\"*10**-3 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Radius is 7.68 *10**-4 m, 1.33 *10**-3 m, 1.717 *10**-3 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 72
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.28 Page no 95"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "f1=8\n",
+ "w1=6000*10**-8\n",
+ "w2=4800.0*10**-8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "f2=f1*w1/w2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Focal length is\",f2,\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Focal length is 10.0 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 76
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.29 Page no 95"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "f1=n\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Principal focal length is\",f1,\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Principal focal length is 1 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 78
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.30 Page no 96"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "r =200 #radius of curvature in cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "f=r\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Principle focal length is\",f*10**-2,\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Principle focal length is 2.0 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 74
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter20.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter20.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4653b2c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter20.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:28632a8e2e8b8cfc35d61b358e115b3b420083bd7c5c7f588f01ea1f5ef49276"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 20 Free electron theory"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 20.1 Page no 191"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=0.971*10**3 #Kg/m**3\n",
+ "w=22.99\n",
+ "N0=6*10**26\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 #Kg\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34 #J-s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "N=(N0*a)/w\n",
+ "Ef=(h/(8*m))*((3*N)/math.pi)**0.66\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Fermi energy is\", round(Ef*10**-14,0)*10**-19,\"J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Fermi energy is 5e-19 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 20.2 Page no 192"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=10**-10 #m\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 #Kg\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34 #J-s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=3*h**2/(8*m*a**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy difference is\", round(E*10**17,3)*10**-17,\"J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy difference is 1.809e-17 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 20.3 Page no 192"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "x=1.39\n",
+ "K=0.025\n",
+ "Ef=3.2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=x*K\n",
+ "E1=E+Ef\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy at 300 K is\", round(E1,3),\"ev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy at 300 K is 3.235 ev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter21.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter21.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bf4be38c --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter21.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,427 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:b6353cab8239666e492e150381505927ed36ee982fa6a2d0b8c2d1ea5d2f16a2"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 21 Band theory of solids"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21.1 Page no 228"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "T=300 #K\n",
+ "Er=0.7 #ev\n",
+ "K=0.025 #ev\n",
+ "a=4.83*10**21\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "ni=a*T**1.5*math.exp(Er/K)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Density of holes and electron is\",round(ni*10**-37,1)*10**19,\"/m**3\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Density of holes and electron is 3.6e+19 /m**3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21.2 Page no 229"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "T=300 #K\n",
+ "nd=5*10**22 #/m**3\n",
+ "K=0.025 #ev\n",
+ "a=4.83*10**21\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "E=(a*T**1.5)/nd\n",
+ "E1=K*math.log(E)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Position of fermi level is\", round(E1,2),\"ev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Position of fermi level is 0.16 ev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21.3 Page no 229"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "E=0.3 #ev\n",
+ "T1=300.0\n",
+ "T2=330 #K\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E1=E*T2/T1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"New position of fermi level is\",E1,\"ev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "New position of fermi level is 0.33 ev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21.4 Page no 230"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Kb=9.1*10**-31\n",
+ "m=1.38*10**-23\n",
+ "h=6.6*10**-34\n",
+ "uh=0.17 #m**2/Volt/sec\n",
+ "a=2.12 #/ohm/m\n",
+ "ue=0.36\n",
+ "e=1.2*10**-19\n",
+ "T=300\n",
+ "T1=13.8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "C=2*((2*math.pi*Kb*m)/h**2)**1.5\n",
+ "ni=a/(e*(ue+uh))\n",
+ "A=(C*T**1.5)/ni\n",
+ "K=math.log(A)*T\n",
+ "Eb=2*Kb*T1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print round(Eb*10**28,2),\"ev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "0.25 ev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 51
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21.5 Page no 231"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "E=0.4 #ev\n",
+ "T=0.03 #ev\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "E1=E-(T*math.log(3))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"New position of fermi level is\", round(E1,3),\"ev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "New position of fermi level is 0.367 ev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 55
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21.6 Page no 231"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34 #J-s\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 #Kg\n",
+ "a=0.3*10**-9 #m\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "p=h/(2*a)\n",
+ "E=p**2/(2*m*e)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Electron momentum is\",round(p*10**24,1)*10**-24,\"Kg m/s\"\n",
+ "print\"Energy of free electron is\",round(E,1),\"ev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Electron momentum is 1.1e-24 Kg m/s\n",
+ "Energy of free electron is 4.2 ev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 64
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21.7 Page no 232"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "P=0.35 #Volt\n",
+ "T=300 #K\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "K=1.38*10**-23\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "Iv=math.exp(e*P/(K*T))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Forward current is\", round(Iv*10**-5,2),\"*10**5 I0\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Forward current is 7.49 *10**5 I0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21.8 Page no 232"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Kb=1.38*10**-23\n",
+ "T=300\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "V=math.log(10)*math.log10(1.9)*Kb*T/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Voltage is\", round(V,4),\"Volts\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Voltage is 0.0166 Volts\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21.9 Page no 232"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=0.428*10**-9\n",
+ "n=2.55*10**28\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "m=0.014\n",
+ "m1=0.18\n",
+ "me=9.1*10**-31 #kg\n",
+ "T=300 #K\n",
+ "K=0.025 #ev\n",
+ "Eg=0.15 #ev\n",
+ "n1=1.535*10**22\n",
+ "Ix=100*10**-3\n",
+ "b=10**-3 #Web/m**3\n",
+ "B=0.1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "n=2/a**3\n",
+ "Rh=1/(n*e)\n",
+ "me1=m*me\n",
+ "mh=m1*me\n",
+ "RH=1/(n1*e)\n",
+ "Vh=(Rh*Ix*B)/b\n",
+ "VH=Ix*B*RH/b\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Hall coefficient of sodium is\", round(Rh*10**9,3),\"*10**-9 m**3/C\"\n",
+ "print\"Hall coefficient of pure InSb is\",round(RH*10**4,2),\"*10**-4 m**3/C\"\n",
+ "print\"Hall voltage for sodium is\",round(Vh*10**9,2)*10**-9,\"V\"\n",
+ "print\"Hall voltage for InSb is\",round(VH*10**3,2),\"*10**-3 V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Hall coefficient of sodium is 0.245 *10**-9 m**3/C\n",
+ "Hall coefficient of pure InSb is 4.07 *10**-4 m**3/C\n",
+ "Hall voltage for sodium is 2.45e-09 V\n",
+ "Hall voltage for InSb is 4.07 *10**-3 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 43
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21.10 Page no 233"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=5*10**25 #atoms/m**3\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Rh=1/(n*e)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Hall coefficient is\",Rh*10**8,\"*10**-4 m**3\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Hall coefficient is 12.5 *10**-4 m**3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 52
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter23.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter23.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c063d241 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter23.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:ddc25f5d953d46de15d09c9a8d7da27eb7ecafe874a3fe46bf2bbd376bf4cf37"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 23 Magnetic properties of solids"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 23.1 Page no 268"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u=9.3*10**-24 #Joule/tesla\n",
+ "ub=5.6*10**-5 #ev\n",
+ "Kb=0.025 #ev\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "A=ub/Kb\n",
+ "print\"Magnetic interaction is\", A*10**3,\"*10**-3\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Magnetic interaction is 2.24 *10**-3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 23.2 Page no 269"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "N=2.8*10**-13\n",
+ "a=27*10**23\n",
+ "b=0.53*10**-8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "x=-(a*N*b)/3.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Diamagnetic susceptibility is\", round(x*10**-4,2),\"*10**-5\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Diamagnetic susceptibility is -0.13 *10**-5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter24.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter24.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..afdceae2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter24.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:b4c2ad3d2231e003dd81c8536584a68dd7b730bbf60d4fc7279f9c5e2add3106"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 24 Superconductivity"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 24.1 Page no 289"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "H1=1.4*10**5 #A/m\n",
+ "H2=4.2*10**5 \n",
+ "T1=14 #K\n",
+ "T2=13\n",
+ "Tc=14.5\n",
+ "H0=20.66*10**5 #A/m\n",
+ "T=4.2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Hc=H0*(Tc**2-T**2)/Tc**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Critical field is\",round(Hc*10**-5,1),\"*10**5 A/m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Critical field is 18.9 *10**5 A/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 36
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 24.2 Page no 290"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Tc1=4.185 #K\n",
+ "M1=199.5\n",
+ "M2=203.4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "Tc2=Tc1*math.sqrt(M1)/math.sqrt(M2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Critical temperature is\",round(Tc2,2),\"K\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Critical temperature is 4.14 K\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 24.3 Page no 290"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "T=4.2 #K\n",
+ "H0=6.5*10**4 #A/m\n",
+ "Tc=7.18\n",
+ "d=10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Hc=H0*(Tc**2-T**2)/Tc**2\n",
+ "Jc=4*Hc/d\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Critical current is\", round(Jc*10**-8,3),\"*10**8 A/m**2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Critical current is 1.71 *10**8 A/m**2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 26
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 24.4 Page no 291"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=750 #A\n",
+ "T=3.5\n",
+ "Tc=4.12\n",
+ "h=6.02*10**26\n",
+ "a=13.55*10**3\n",
+ "M=200.6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "W=w*math.sqrt(1-(T/Tc)**4)\n",
+ "n0=h*a/M\n",
+ "ns=n0*(1-(T/Tc)**4)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Penetration is\", round(ns*10**-28,2)*10**28,\"/m**3\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Penetration is 1.95e+28 /m**3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter4.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b192f819 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,361 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:23cd3e5417a4aba77158edca69b0fcc586465a3d6fb0b76bd20567d78ca32f5c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 4 Laser"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.1 Page no 164"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=6328.0*10**-10 #m\n",
+ "K=1.38*10**-23 #J/k\n",
+ "T=300 #K\n",
+ "e=6.63*10**-34\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=e*c/w\n",
+ "N=math.exp(-E/(K*T))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Ratio of population of two states is\", round(N*10**33,0)*10**-33"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ratio of population of two states is 1e-33\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.2 Page no 164"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "N=1.059*10**-30\n",
+ "T=330\n",
+ "K=1.38*10**-23 #J/K\n",
+ "E=3.147*10**-19\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "h=6.63*10**-34\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "w=h*c/E\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength of light is\",round(w*10**9,0),\"*10**-9 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength of light is 632.0 *10**-9 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.3 Page no 165"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "v=3000.0 #bandwidth in Hz\n",
+ "c=3*10**8 #speed of light in m/ s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t =1/ v\n",
+ "l=(c*t)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Coherence length for laser is\",l*10**-3,\"km\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Coherence length for laser is 100.0 km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.4 Page no 165"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "theta =32 #angle on slit in second\n",
+ "w=5*10**-5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "theta1 =theta* 3.14/(60*180) \n",
+ "C=w/ theta1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Transverse coherence length is\",round(C,3),\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Transverse coherence length is 0.005 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.5 Page no 165"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "t=1.0*10**-10 #coherence time in sec\n",
+ "c=3*10**8 #speed of light in m/ s\n",
+ "w =54.0*10**-8 #wave length of non\udbc0\udc00monochromacity in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calclation\n",
+ "B =1/ t\n",
+ "v=c/w\n",
+ "D=B/v\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Degree is\",D"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Degree is 1.8e-05\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.6 Page no 166"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "t=5.0*10**-10 #s\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "l=t*c\n",
+ "v=1/t\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Coherence length is\", v*10**-9,\"*10**9 Hz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Coherence length is 2.0 *10**9 Hz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 24
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.7 Page no 166"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=7200*10**-10 #m\n",
+ "d=5*10**-3\n",
+ "f=0.1\n",
+ "p=50*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "a=L/d\n",
+ "A=a**2*f**2\n",
+ "I=p/A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Area of image is\", A,\"m**2\"\n",
+ "print\"Intensity of image is\",round(I*10**-8,3),\"*10**8 W/m**2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Area of image is 2.0736e-10 m**2\n",
+ "Intensity of image is 2.411 *10**8 W/m**2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.8 Page no 166"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=7*10**-7 #m\n",
+ "a=5.0*10**-3\n",
+ "D=4*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "A=1.22*w/a\n",
+ "x=(D*A)**2*3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(i) The angular spread is\",round(A*10**4,1),\"*10**-4 radian\"\n",
+ "print\"(ii) Areal spread when the beam reaches the moon is\", round(x*10**-10,2),\"*10**10 m**2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) The angular spread is 1.7 *10**-4 radian\n",
+ "(ii) Areal spread when the nbeam reaches the moon is 1.47 *10**10 m**2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 47
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.9 Page no 167"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=0.5 #m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "v=c/(2*L)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Mode separation of longitudinal cavity is\",v*10**-8,\"*10**8 Hz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Mode separation of longitudinal cavity is 3.0 *10**8 Hz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 50
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter5.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter5.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..491a792a --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,700 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:89d0949b61b404b5225e0d1d1fa6fa40a7e6670219cda64657a01ef547822266"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 5 Fiber optics"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.1 Page no 184"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u1 =1.48 #refractive index of cladding\n",
+ "u2 =1.5 #refractive index of core\n",
+ "u =1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "theta = math.asin (u1/u2)*180/3.14\n",
+ "Fr =((u2 -u1)/u2)*100\n",
+ "A= math.asin ( math.sqrt (u2**2- u1**2) )\n",
+ "NA=math.sin(A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(i) Critical angle is\",round(theta,2),\"degree\"\n",
+ "print\"(ii)Fractional refractive index is\",round(Fr,2),\"% of light\"\n",
+ "print\"(iii) Acceptance angle is\",round(A,2),\"radian\"\n",
+ "print\"(iv) Numerical aperture is\",round(NA,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) Critical angle is 80.67 degree\n",
+ "(ii)Fractional refractive index is 1.33 % of light\n",
+ "(iii) Acceptance angle is 0.25 radian\n",
+ "(iv) Numerical aperture is 0.24\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.2 Page no 184"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "uf=1.5\n",
+ "A1=0.005\n",
+ "u=1.45\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "uc=uf*(1-A1)\n",
+ "x=uc/uf\n",
+ "A=math.asin(x)*180/3.14\n",
+ "X=math.sqrt((uf**2)-(uc**2))\n",
+ "A11=math.asin(X)*180/3.14\n",
+ "Na=X\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a) Refractive index is\",round(uc,2)\n",
+ "print\"(b) Critical internal reflacting angle is\",round(A,2),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"(c) Acceptance angle is\",round(A11,4),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"(d) Numerical aperature is\",round(Na,4)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Refractive index is 1.49\n",
+ "(b) Critical internal reflacting angle is 84.31 Degree\n",
+ "(c) Acceptance angle is 8.6204 Degree\n",
+ "(d) Numerical aperature is 0.1498\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 54
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.3 Page no 185"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "NA =0.22 # Numerical Aperatur e\n",
+ "Fr =0.012\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "u1=NA/ math.sqrt (Fr *(2 - Fr))\n",
+ "u2= math.sqrt (u1**2- NA**2) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print\"Refractive index of core is\",round(u1,2)\n",
+ "print\"Refractive index of clad is\",round(u2,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Refractive index of core is 1.42\n",
+ "Refractive index of clad is 1.41\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.4 Page no 185"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u1 =1.62 #refractive index of core\n",
+ "u2 =1.52 # refractive index of clad\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A= math.asin ( math.sqrt (u1**2- u2**2) )*180/3.14\n",
+ "NA=math.sin(A*3.14/180.0)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Acceptance length is\",round(A,2),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"Numerical aperature is\",round(NA,4)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Acceptance length is 34.1 Degree\n",
+ "Numerical aperature is 0.5604\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.5 Page no 185"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Na=0.20\n",
+ "u=1.59\n",
+ "uw=1.33\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "uc=math.sqrt(Na**2+u**2)\n",
+ "NA=(math.sqrt(uc**2-u**2))/uw\n",
+ "A= math.asin(NA)*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Acceptance angle is\", round(A,1),\"Degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Acceptance angle is 8.7 Degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 60
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.6 Page no 186"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "uc=1.45\n",
+ "uf=1.5\n",
+ "ua=1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a=math.asin(uc/uf)*180/3.14\n",
+ "NA=math.sqrt(uf**2-uc**2)\n",
+ "N=math.asin(NA)*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Critical angle is\",round(a,1) ,\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"Acceptance angle is\",round(N,2),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"Nemerical aperature is\",round(NA,3)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Critical angle is 75.2 Degree\n",
+ "Acceptance angle is 22.6 Degree\n",
+ "Nemerical aperature is 0.384\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 73
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.7 Page no 186"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=0.850 #micro m\n",
+ "NA=0.22\n",
+ "a=50/2.0 #micro m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "V=2*math.pi*a*NA/w\n",
+ "N=V**2/4.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"V numver is\", round(V,2)\n",
+ "print\"Number of modes is\",round(N,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "V numver is 40.66\n",
+ "Number of modes is 413.23\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 80
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.8 Page no 187"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "NA=0.16\n",
+ "uc=1.45\n",
+ "d=0.6 #M\n",
+ "w=9*10**-7\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "V=math.pi*d*NA/w\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Normalized frequency is\",round(V*10**-5,2),\"*10**5\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Normalized frequency is 3.35 *10**5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 84
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.9 Page no 187"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "uc=1.52\n",
+ "d=29*10**-6\n",
+ "a=0.007\n",
+ "w=1.3*10**-6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "u=uc-(uc*a)\n",
+ "V=(math.pi*d/w)*math.sqrt(uc**2-u**2)\n",
+ "N=V**2/2.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(i) The fiber V-number is\",round(V,2)\n",
+ "print\"(ii) The number of modes is\",round(N,0),\"Modes\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) The fiber V-number is 12.58\n",
+ "(ii) The number of modes is 79.0 Modes\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 93
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.10 Page no 187"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "uf=1.48\n",
+ "uc=1.46\n",
+ "w=0.82 #micro m\n",
+ "a=25 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "V=2*math.pi*a*math.sqrt(uf**2-uc**2)/w\n",
+ "N=V**2/2.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"Number of modes is\", round(N,0)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Number of modes is 1079.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 97
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.11 Page no 188"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "uf=1.48\n",
+ "u=1.46\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "a=(uf-u)/uf\n",
+ "af=uf*1000*a/(c*(1-a))\n",
+ "t=af*20\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Dispersion per kilometer of length is\", round(af*10**9,1),\"ns\"\n",
+ "print\"Total dispersion is\",round(t*10**6,2),\"ms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Dispersion per kilometer of length is 67.6 ns\n",
+ "Total dispersion is 1.35 ms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 110
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.12 Page no 188"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=40 #ps/nm-Km\n",
+ "w=1.5 #nm\n",
+ "b=20 #Km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "A=a*w*b\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Material dispersion is\",A*10**-3,\"ns\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Material dispersion is 1.2 ns\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.13 Page no 188"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d=6.6 #ps/nm-Km\n",
+ "w=1.5 #nm\n",
+ "l=20 #Km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "A=d*w*l\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Wavelength dispersion is\",A,\"ps\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength dispersion is 198.0 ps\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.14 Page no 188"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Givem\n",
+ "uc=1.5\n",
+ "c=3.0*10**5 #Km/s\n",
+ "z=6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "u=uc/100.0\n",
+ "a=(uc*z/c)*(uc/(uc-u)-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Delay difference is\", round(a*10**8,1),\"m sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Delay difference is 30.3 m sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.15 Page no 189"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=3.5 #db/Km\n",
+ "P1=0.5 #mW\n",
+ "L=4\n",
+ "b=25.11\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "N=a*L\n",
+ "P0=P1/b\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Power level is\",round(P0*10**3,1),\"micro W\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Power level is 19.9 micro W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.16 Page no 189"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "uc=1.558\n",
+ "a=0.026\n",
+ "z=10**3 #m\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "D=uc*a*z/(c*(1-a))\n",
+ "D1=D*10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Dispersion/Km is\",round(D*10**8,1),\"n sec\"\n",
+ "print\"Total dispersion in 10 Km is\",round(D1*10**8,1),\"n sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Dispersion/Km is 13.9 n sec\n",
+ "Total dispersion in 10 Km is 138.6 n sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 32
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.17 Page no 189"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "uc=1.5\n",
+ "a=0.026\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "A=(uc*a**2*1000)/(8*c)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Maximum dispersion is\",round(A*10**9,2),\"ns/Km\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum dispersion is 0.42 ns/Km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 37
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter6.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter6.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..43d3d9d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,836 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:6ffb6fb5f2eac445aca13f38980506e3cf9076ac340f9f29d4a27dddedd73157"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 6 Oscillatory motion"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.1 Page no 218"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "A =0.05 #Amplitude of SHM in m\n",
+ "T =6.0 # period in sec\n",
+ "Xo=A\n",
+ "X =0.025\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "w =2*3.14/T\n",
+ "ph= math.asin (Xo/A)\n",
+ "t=(math.asin (X/Xo)-ph)/w \n",
+ "t1= abs (t)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Timeto move from equilibrium position is\",round(t1,1),\"sec\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Timeto move from equilibrium position is 1.0 sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.2 Page no 219"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "A =0.06 #Amplitude of SHM in m\n",
+ "T =31.4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "w =2*3.14/T\n",
+ "V=A*w\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Maximum velocity is\",V,\"m/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum velocity is 0.012 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.3 Page no 219"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "A=0.05 #m\n",
+ "T=2 #S\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "x=A*math.sin(math.pi/3.0)\n",
+ "v=A*math.pi*math.sqrt(1-(x**2/A**2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Displacement is\",round(x*10**2,1),\"cm\"\n",
+ "print\"Velocity is\", round(v*10**2,2),\"cm/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Displacement is 4.3 cm\n",
+ "Velocity is 7.85 cm/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.4 Page no 219"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "l =1 # length of pendulum in m\n",
+ "m =1 #mass of pendulum in kg\n",
+ "g =9.8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "T =2*3.14* math.sqrt (l/g)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Period of oscillation is\",round(T,1),\"sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Period of oscillation is 2.0 sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.5 Page no 220"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "m1 =8 #mass suspended in kg\n",
+ "l =0.32\n",
+ "m =0.50\n",
+ "g =9.8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "k=m1*g/l\n",
+ "T=2*math.pi* math.sqrt (m/k)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"K=\",k,\"N m\"\n",
+ "print\"Time period of the oscillation is\",round(T,2),\"sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "K= 245.0 N m\n",
+ "Time period of the oscillation is 0.28 sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 26
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.6 Page no 220"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "K=98.0 #N/m\n",
+ "x=20 #cm\n",
+ "g=9.8 #m/sec**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "F=K*x/100.0\n",
+ "m=K*x/(100*g)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Restoring force is\",F,\"N\"\n",
+ "print\"Mass is\",m,\"Kg\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Restoring force is 19.6 N\n",
+ "Mass is 2.0 Kg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.7 Page no 220"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "T=57\n",
+ "l=79\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "g=4*math.pi**2*l*T**2/(100*100**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Value of g is\", round(g,2),\"m/s**2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of g is 10.13 m/s**2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.8 Page no 221"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "m=4\n",
+ "T=55\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "K=(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(m)*55/100.0)**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Stiffness factor is\", round(K,2),\"N/m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Stiffness factor is 47.77 N/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 39
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.9 Page no 221"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "K=89.2 # N/m\n",
+ "T=1 #S\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "M=(T*math.sqrt(K)/(2*math.pi))**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Mass is\", round(M,2),\"Kg\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Mass is 2.26 Kg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 45
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.10 Page no 221"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "m=4 #Kg\n",
+ "g=9.8 #m/sec**2\n",
+ "x=16.0\n",
+ "m1=0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "K=m*g*100/x\n",
+ "T=2*math.pi*math.sqrt(m1/K)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Time period is\", round(T,2),\"Sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Time period is 0.28 Sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 49
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.11 Page no 222"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "T=50.0 #S\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t=1/(2*T)\n",
+ "t1=1/t\n",
+ "t2=t1/2.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Time is\", t2,\"Second\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Time is 50.0 Second\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 55
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.12 Page no 222"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=200.0\n",
+ "b=2.3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "y=b/a\n",
+ "D=1/y\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(i) Damping constant is\", y\n",
+ "print\"(ii) Decay modulus is\",round(D,1),\"Second\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) Damping constant is 0.0115\n",
+ "(ii) Decay modulus is 87.0 Second\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 61
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.13 Page no 223"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=20 #cm\n",
+ "b=2.0\n",
+ "x=100.0\n",
+ "y=2.3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "w=a/b\n",
+ "w1=y/x\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Logarithmic decrement of the system is\", w1"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Logarithmic decrement of the system is 0.023\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 64
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.14 Page no 223"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "n=2\n",
+ "m=0.3\n",
+ "Q=60.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "K=16*math.pi**2*m\n",
+ "p=2*math.pi*n*m/Q\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Force constant is\",round(K,2),\"N/m\"\n",
+ "print\"Mechanical resistance is\",round(p,5),\"Kg/m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Force constant is 47.37 N/m\n",
+ "Mechanical resistance is 0.06283 Kg/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 70
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.15 Page no 223"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Q=10**4\n",
+ "b=500\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a=math.log(10)*Q/(b*math.pi)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Time interval is\", round(a,2),\"Seconds\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Time interval is 14.66 Seconds\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 77
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.16 Page no 224"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Q=2*10**3\n",
+ "v =240\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "w =2*3.14*v\n",
+ "r= math.exp (2)\n",
+ "T=Q/w\n",
+ "t =2* T*log(r)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Time to become for new amplitude is\",round(t,1),\"sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Time to become for new amplitude is 5.3 sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.17 Page no 224"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "A0=10.0\n",
+ "T=200\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "y=math.log(10)/A0\n",
+ "t=1/(2*y)\n",
+ "Q=2*math.pi*t*T\n",
+ "t1=t*math.log(A0)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(i) Relaxation time is\", round(t,3),\"Second\"\n",
+ "print\"(ii) Quality factor is\", round(Q,0)\n",
+ "print\"(iii) Time is\",t1,\"Second\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) Relaxation time is 2.171 Second\n",
+ "(ii) Quality factor is 2729.0\n",
+ "(iii) Time is 5.0 Second\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 87
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.18 Page no 225"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "E=10**3\n",
+ "w=256\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "t=E/(2*math.pi*w)\n",
+ "n=E/(2*math.pi)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Time is\", round(t,2),\"Sec\"\n",
+ "print\"Number of oscillations is\",round(n,0)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Time is 0.62 Sec\n",
+ "Number of oscillations is 159.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 93
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.20 Page no 226"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Ao =0.1 #amplitude at minimum frequency in mm\n",
+ "A =100 #maximum amplitude\n",
+ "w =100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Q=A/Ao\n",
+ "T=Q/w\n",
+ "hw =1/(2* T)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a) Quality factor is\",Q\n",
+ "print\"(b) Energy decay time is\",T,\"sec\"\n",
+ "print\"(c) Half width of power resonance curve is\",hw,\"rad/sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Quality factor is 1000.0\n",
+ "(b) Energy decay time is 10.0 sec\n",
+ "(c) Half width of power resonance curve is 0.05 rad/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.21 Page no 226"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "m =0.1 #suspended mass in kg\n",
+ "k =100 #force constant in N/m\n",
+ "Fo =2\n",
+ "p =1\n",
+ "W =50\n",
+ "a=1000\n",
+ "a1=2500\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "Wo= math.sqrt (k/m)\n",
+ "f=Fo/m\n",
+ "d=p /(2* m)\n",
+ "B=f/ (math.sqrt((a-a1)**2+(k*W**2)))\n",
+ "delta = math.atan(2*d*W/( Wo**2-W**2) )*180/3.14+180\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Amplitude of oscillation is\",round(B,4),\"m\"\n",
+ "print\"Relative phase is\",round(delta,1),\"degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Amplitude of oscillation is 0.0126 m\n",
+ "Relative phase is 161.6 degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 110
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.22 Page no 227"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Q=50\n",
+ "a=1.4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "B=1/a\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Value of B/Bmax is\",round(B,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Value of B/Bmax is 0.71\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 113
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter7.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter7.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..146ee4b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:bf713428376b6af39f07d5dc1c02aba4029400f6d14863b8b2704c0654b7ab69"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 7 Electromagnetic theory"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.4 Page no 283"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u =4*10**-7*3.14 #permeability ( free space ) in H/m\n",
+ "e =8.85*10**-12\n",
+ "H =1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "E=H* math.sqrt (u/e)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Magnitude of energy of plane wave is\",round(E,2),\"V/m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Magnitude of energy of plane wave is 376.72 V/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.5 Page no 283"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "ur =1 #relative permeability\n",
+ "er =2\n",
+ "uo =(4*10**-7*3.14 )\n",
+ "eo =8.85*10**-12\n",
+ "Eo =5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "u=ur*uo\n",
+ "e=er*eo\n",
+ "Z= math.sqrt (u/e)\n",
+ "Ho=Eo/Z\n",
+ "v =1/(math.sqrt (u*e))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(i) Impedence of medium is\",round(Z,2),\"ohm\"\n",
+ "print\"(ii) Intensity of magnetic field is\",round(Ho*10**2,3),\"*10**-2 A/m\"\n",
+ "print\"(iii) Velocity of magnetic field is\",round(v*10**-8,2),\"m/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) Impedence of medium is 266.38 ohm\n",
+ "(ii) Intensity of magnetic field is 1.877 *10**-2 A/m\n",
+ "(iii) Velocity of magnetic field is 2.12 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.6 Page no 284"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "f=3.0*10**11 #frequency of wave in Hz\n",
+ "c=3.0*10**8\n",
+ "Eo =50\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "w=c/f\n",
+ "Bo=Eo/c\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(i) Wavelength of wave is\",w,\"m\"\n",
+ "print\"(ii) Approx amplitude of oscillating magnetic field is\",round(Bo*10**7,2)*10**-7,\"T\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) Wavelength of wave is 0.001 m\n",
+ "(ii) Approx amplitude of oscillating magnetic field is 1.67e-07 T\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.7 Page no 284"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "r =1.5*10**11 #distance from sun to earth\n",
+ "P =3.8*10**26 #power radiated by sun\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "N=(P /(4*math.pi*(r**2) ))*60/4.2*10**4\n",
+ "N1= ceil (N)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Average solar energy is\",round(N1*10**-8,0),\"cal/cm2.min\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Average solar energy is 2.0 cal/cm2.min\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.8 Page no 284"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "p=3.8*10**26 #watts\n",
+ "r=7*10**8 #m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "N=p/(4*math.pi*((r)**2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The magnitude of poynting vactor at the surface of the sun is\",round(N*10**-7,3),\"10**7\",\"watt/m**2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The magnitude of poynting vactor at the surface of the sun is 6.171 10**7 watt/m**2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 30
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.9 Page no 285"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=2\n",
+ "b=4.18*10**4\n",
+ "c=60.0\n",
+ "d=376.72\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math \n",
+ "E=a*b/c\n",
+ "E1=math.sqrt(E*d)\n",
+ "E2=E1/d\n",
+ "H=E1*math.sqrt(2)\n",
+ "H1=E2*math.sqrt(2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result \n",
+ "print\"The amplitudes of electrons is\",round(H,0),\"V/m\"\n",
+ "print\"The amplitudes of magnetic field is\",round(H1,3),\"Amp/m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The amplitudes of electrons is 1025.0 V/m\n",
+ "The amplitudes of magnetic field is 2.72 Amp/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 68
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.10 Page no 285"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "v =0.62 #velocity factor of coaxial\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Er =1/v**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Dielecric constant of instulator is\",round(Er,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Dielecric constant of instulator is 2.6\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter8.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter8.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c4a50a17 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:6ebc3dec4ac351e74bbbf4f44c04359a8b31dcd4a15a5034b45dec5fef6dce79"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 8 Dielectrics"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.1 Page no 303"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "k =3 #Dielectric constant\n",
+ "E=1*10**6\n",
+ "e =8.85*10**-12\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "P=e*(k -1)*E\n",
+ "D=k*e*E\n",
+ "ED =0.5*k*e*E**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Polarisation is\",P,\"C/m**2\"\n",
+ "print\"Displacement is\",D,\"C/m**2\"\n",
+ "print\"Energy density is\",round(ED,2),\"joule s/m**3\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Polarisation is 1.77e-05 C/m**2\n",
+ "Displacement is 2.655e-05 C/m**2\n",
+ "Energy density is 13.27 joule s/m**3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.2 Page no 303"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "D=5*10**-4\n",
+ "P=4*10**-4\n",
+ "V =0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=D-P\n",
+ "k=D/E\n",
+ "p=P*V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Dielectric constant is\",k\n",
+ "print\"Total dipole constant is\",p*10**4,\"*10**-4 m**5\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Dielectric constant is 5.0\n",
+ "Total dipole constant is 2.0 *10**-4 m**5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.3 Page no 303"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "k =1.000038\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "x=k-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Electric susceptibility is\",x"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Electric susceptibility is 3.8e-05\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.4 Page no 303"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "E =100\n",
+ "k =1.000074\n",
+ "e =8.85*10**-12\n",
+ "p =22.4*10**-3\n",
+ "a=6*10**23\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "N=a/p \n",
+ "p=e*(k -1) *E/N\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Total moment is\",round(p*10**40,2)*10**-40,\"cm\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Total moment is 2.445e-39 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.6 Page no 304"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "K=1.329\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "k=K-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Electric susceptibility is\",k"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Electric susceptibility is 0.329\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter9.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter9.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..771c3614 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chapter9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,849 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:eab5e28552df3435319f7a568a922a4980f0e1d7df3bbe3b5b33bae52cc8991b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 9 Special Theory of relativity"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.1 Page no 329"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d=11.5 #m\n",
+ "w=5*10**-7\n",
+ "v=3*10**4 #m/s\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "a=2*d*v**2/(w*c**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Fringe shift is\",a,\"Fringes\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Fringe shift is 0.46 Fringes\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.4 Page no 331"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "l=6371\n",
+ "v=30*10**3\n",
+ "c=3.0*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "A=0.5*2*l*(v/c)**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Change in length in the diameter is\",round(A*10**5,2),\"*10**2 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Change in length in the diameter is 6.37 *10**2 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.5 Page no 331"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=60.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "v=(a**2+1)*(a**2-1)/a**4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Maximum speed is\",v,\"c\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum speed is 0.99999992284 c\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.6 Page no 332"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "a=0.95\n",
+ "b=20\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "t=b*c/(a*c)\n",
+ "L=math.sqrt(1-a**2)*b\n",
+ "T=L/a\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a) time taken to cover the distance of star from earth\", round(t,2),\"Years\"\n",
+ "print\"(b) Time taken is\",round(T,2),\"Years\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) time taken to cover the distance of star from earth 21.05 Years\n",
+ "(b) Time taken is 6.57 Years\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.7 Page no 332"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=5 #m\n",
+ "v=0.6\n",
+ "c=1\n",
+ "t=10 #Second\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "L0=L/math.sqrt(1-(v/c)**2)\n",
+ "T=t*math.sqrt(1-(v/c)**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a) Length is\", L0,\"m\"\n",
+ "print\"(b) Time is\",T,\"Seconds\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Length is 6.25 m\n",
+ "(b) Time is 8.0 Seconds\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 36
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.8 Page no 332"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L0=120\n",
+ "v=0.95 #C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "L=L0*math.sqrt(1-v**2)\n",
+ "t=L/v\n",
+ "T=2*t\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Time taken is\",round(T,2),\"Years\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Time taken is 78.88 Years\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.10 Page no 333"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "t=24*60\n",
+ "v=1440\n",
+ "c=1442.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "v=math.sqrt(1-(v/c)**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Speed is\",round(v,4),\"C\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Speed is 0.0526 C\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 44
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.11 Page no 333"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "B=1.5 #T\n",
+ "v=0.5 #c\n",
+ "m0=6.1*10**-31 #Kg\n",
+ "c=3.0*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "r=(m0*v)/(B*e*math.sqrt(1-(v/c)**2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print round(r*10**32,1),\"*10**-4 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "7.5 *10**-4 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 57
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.12 Page no 333"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "m=8.0\n",
+ "c=3*10**8 #m/s\n",
+ "v=1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "v=math.sqrt((v-(v/m)**2)*c**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Speed of particle is\", round(v*10**-8,3),\"*10**8 m/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Speed of particle is 2.976 *10**8 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 63
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.13 Page no 334"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "d=1.5*10**11\n",
+ "a=1.35*10**3\n",
+ "c=3.0*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "E=4*math.pi*d**2*a\n",
+ "m=E/c**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Decrease in the mass of sun per second is\",round(m*10**-9,1),\"*10**9 Kg\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Decrease in the mass of sun per second is 4.2 *10**9 Kg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 68
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.14 Page no 334"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "v=0.8 #c\n",
+ "m0=2.5*10**-28\n",
+ "c=1\n",
+ "C=3*10**8\n",
+ "V=2.4*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "m=m0/(math.sqrt(1-(v/c)**2))\n",
+ "T=(m-m0)*C**2\n",
+ "T1=m0*V**2/2.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Kinetic energy is\",T1,\"J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Kinetic energy is 7.2e-12 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 73
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.15 Page no 334"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "E=3.2*10**-13 #J\n",
+ "c=3.0*10**8\n",
+ "m0=9.1*10**-31\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "m=E/c**2\n",
+ "v=(1-(m0/m)**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Mass is\", round(m*10**30,2)*10**-30,\"Kg\"\n",
+ "print\"Speed is\",round(v,3),\"C\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Mass is 3.56e-30 Kg\n",
+ "Speed is 0.934 C\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 89
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.16 Page no 335"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "KE=2.5 #Mev\n",
+ "m=0.511 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=KE+m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Total energy is\",E,\"Mev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Total energy is 3.011 Mev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 91
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.17 Page no 335"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "v=2.0\n",
+ "c=3.8*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "V=math.sqrt(1-(1/v)**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Speed of particle is\", round(V,3),\"c\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Speed of particle is 0.866 c\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 105
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.18 Page no 335"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "e=13.6*1.6*10**-19 #J\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "m=e/c**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Loss of mass is\",round(m*10**35,2)*10**-35,\"Kg\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Loss of mass is 2.42e-35 Kg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 110
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.19 Page no 335"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "E=8*10**-11 #J\n",
+ "c=3.0*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "m=E/c**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Mass of proton is\", round(m*10**28,2)*10**-23,\"Kg\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Mass of proton is 8.89e-23 Kg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 116
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.20 Page no 336"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "m0=2.5*10**-28\n",
+ "c=9*10**16\n",
+ "v=1.5*10**8\n",
+ "c=3.0*10**8\n",
+ "e=1.16*10**-13\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "X=math.sqrt(1-(v/c))\n",
+ "T=(m0*c*((1/X)-1))/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Kinetic energy is\",round(T*10**8,0),\"Mev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Kinetic energy is 27.0 Mev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 131
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.21 Page no 336"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 #Kg\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=(m*c**2)/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy is\",round(E*10**-6,2),\"Mev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy is 0.51 Mev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 143
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.22 Page no 336"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#given\n",
+ "m0=1.67*10**-27\n",
+ "v=0.8\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "E=(m0*c**2/(math.sqrt(1-v**2)))/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy is\",round(E*10**-6,0),\"Mev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy is 1566.0 Mev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 148
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.23 Page no 337"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "v=2.983*10**8 #m/s\n",
+ "m0=9.101*10**-31\n",
+ "v=100\n",
+ "c=101.0\n",
+ "C=2.998*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "V=math.sqrt(v/c)\n",
+ "V1=V*C\n",
+ "m=m0/(math.sqrt(1-(v/c)))\n",
+ "E=m*C**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy is\",E\n",
+ "print\"Velocity is\", round(V1*10**-8,3),\"*10**8 m/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy is 8.2207806109e-13\n",
+ "Velocity is 2.983 *10**8 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 158
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.24 Page no 337"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "m0=5*10**-6 #Kg\n",
+ "C=2.998*10**8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=m0*C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy is\",E*10**-2,\"*10**2 Joules\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy is 14.99 *10**2 Joules\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 161
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.25 Page no 337"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "m=1.67*10**-27 #Kg\n",
+ "c=3*10**8\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=m*c**2/e\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Energy is\",round(E*10**-6,0),\"Mev\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy is 939.0 Mev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 166
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chpater3.ipynb b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chpater3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e621cb4e --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/chpater3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,822 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:fe61a4917a4e7c9ed97f1b980c09da72254242a6ca941fad2a3f75243a636dcb"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 3 Polarization of light"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.1 Page no 130"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u =1.54 #refrective index of glass\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "i= math.atan(u)*180/3.14\n",
+ "r=90-i\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Angle of refraction is\",round(r,1),\"degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Angle of refraction is 33.0 degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.2 Page no 130"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "i= 60\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "u= math.tan(i*3.14/180.0)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Refractive index of glass is\",round(u,3)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Refractive index of glass is 1.73\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.3 Page no 130"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u=1.5697\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "up=math.atan(u)*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Angle is\", round(up,1),\"Degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Angle is 57.5 Degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.4 Page no 130"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "u1=1.0\n",
+ "u2=1.54\n",
+ "u3=1.33\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "u=u2/u1\n",
+ "a=math.atan(u)*180/3.14\n",
+ "U1=u1/u2\n",
+ "a2=math.atan(U1)*180/3.14\n",
+ "U2=u2/u3\n",
+ "a3=math.atan(U2)*180/3.14\n",
+ "U3=u3/u2\n",
+ "a4=math.atan(U3)*180/3.14\n",
+ "U4=u3/u1\n",
+ "a5=math.atan(U4)*180/3.14\n",
+ "U5=u1/u3\n",
+ "a6=math.atan(U5)*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(i) Polarizing angle from air to glass is\",round(a,0),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"(ii) Plolarizing angle from glass to air is\",round(a2,0),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"(iii) Polarizing angle from water to glass is\",round(a3,2),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"(iv) Polarizing angle from glass to water is\",round(a4,2),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"(v) Polarizing angle from air to water is\",round(a5,2),\"Degree\"\n",
+ "print\"(vi) Polarizing angle from water to air is\",round(a6,2),\"Degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) Polarizing angle from air to glass is 57.0 Degree\n",
+ "(ii) Plolarizing angle from glass to air is 33.0 Degree\n",
+ "(iii) Polarizing angle from water to glass is 49.21 Degree\n",
+ "(iv) Polarizing angle from glass to water is 40.84 Degree\n",
+ "(v) Polarizing angle from air to water is 53.09 Degree\n",
+ "(vi) Polarizing angle from water to air is 36.96 Degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 38
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.5 Page no 131"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "uglass=1.54\n",
+ "uwater=1.33\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "u=uglass/uwater\n",
+ "i=math.atan(u)*180/3.14\n",
+ "u1=uwater/uglass\n",
+ "i1=math.atan(u1)*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The polarizing angle for water to glass interface\", round(i1,1),\"degree is large\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The polarizing angle for water to glass interface 40.8 degree is large\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 43
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.6 Page no 131"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=30 #Degree\n",
+ "a1=45\n",
+ "a2=60\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "I1=(math.cos(a*3.14/180.0))**2\n",
+ "I2=(math.cos(a1*3.14/180.0))**2\n",
+ "I3=(math.cos(a2*3.14/180.0))**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a) Intensity of light when analyser is rotated through 30 degree is\", round(I1,2)\n",
+ "print\"(b) Intensity of light when analyser is rotated through 45 degree is\", round(I2,2)\n",
+ "print\"(c) Intensity of light when analyser is rotated through 30 degree is\", round(I3,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Intensity of light when analyser is rotated through 30 degree is 0.75\n",
+ "(b) Intensity of light when analyser is rotated through 45 degree is 0.5\n",
+ "(c) Intensity of light when analyser is rotated through 30 degree is 0.25\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 51
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.7 Page no 132"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "A=3.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "x=1/(math.sqrt(A))\n",
+ "a=math.acos(x)*180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Angle is\", round(a,2),\"Degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Angle is 54.76 Degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 60
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.8 Page no 132"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=30 #Degree\n",
+ "b=60\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "I=(math.cos(b*3.14/180.0)**2)/(math.cos(a*3.14/180.0)**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Intensity ratio is\",round(I,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Intensity ratio is 0.33\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 64
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.9 Page no 132"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "L=6000*10**-8\n",
+ "u0=1.55\n",
+ "ue=1.54\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t=L/(2*(u0-ue))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness is\",t,\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness is 0.003 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 66
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.10 Page no 133"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Uo =1.54\n",
+ "r =1.007\n",
+ "Ue=r*Uo\n",
+ "w =5893*10**-10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t=w /(2*( Uo -Ue))\n",
+ "t= abs (t)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print\"Thickness of halfwave plate is\",round(t*10**2,5),\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness of halfwave plate is 0.00273 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 77
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.11 Page no 133"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Uo =1.652 #refractive index for O ray\n",
+ "Ue =1.488\n",
+ "w =546*10**-9\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "p=w/2.0\n",
+ "t=w /(4.0*( Uo -Ue))\n",
+ "t1=t *100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness of quarterwave plate is\",round(t1*10**5,2)*10**-5,\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness of quarterwave plate is 8.32e-05 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.12 Page no 133"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Uo =1.658\n",
+ "Ue =1.486\n",
+ "w =589*10**-9\n",
+ "n =1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t =(2*n -1)*w /(4.0*( Uo -Ue))\n",
+ "t1=t *100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness of calcite plate is\",round(t1*10**5,2)*10**-5,\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness of calcite plate is 8.56e-05 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.13 Page no 134"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Ur =1.55810\n",
+ "Ul =1.55821\n",
+ "w=4*10**-7\n",
+ "d =0.002\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "R= 3.14*d*(Ul -Ur)/w\n",
+ "R1=R *180/3.14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Amount of optional rotation is\",R1,\"Degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Amount of optional rotation is 99.0 Degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 29
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.14 Page no 134"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "Uo =1.5508\n",
+ "Ue =1.5418\n",
+ "w=5.0*10**-5\n",
+ "t =0.0032\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "p =2*3.14*(Uo -Ue)*t/w\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Phase retardation is\",round(p,2),\"radian\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Phase retardation is 3.62 radian\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 81
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.15 Page no 134"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "w=5892*10**-10\n",
+ "u=0.01\n",
+ "a=0.009\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t=w/(2.0*a)\n",
+ "t1=w/(4.0*a)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness of halfwave is\", round(t*10**8,0),\"*10**-8 m\"\n",
+ "print\"Thickness of quarter wave is\",round(t1*10**8,0),\"*10**-8 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness of halfwave is 3273.0 *10**-8 m\n",
+ "Thickness of quarter wave is 1637.0 *10**-8 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 97
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.16 Page no 135"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "ue=1.553\n",
+ "u0=1.544\n",
+ "w=5890*10**-10 #m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t=w/(2*(ue-u0))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness of halfwave plate is\",round(t*10**7,0),\"*10**-7 m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness of halfwave plate is 327.0 *10**-7 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 102
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.17 Page no 135"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "theta =6.5\n",
+ "l =2\n",
+ "C =0.05\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "S= theta /(l*C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Specific rotation of sugar solution is\",S,\"Degree\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Specific rotation of sugar solution is 65.0 Degree\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 103
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.18 Page no 135"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=20\n",
+ "b=35\n",
+ "c1=5\n",
+ "c2=10.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "I2=b*c1/(a*c2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Length of 10% solution is\", I2"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Length of 10% solution is 0.875\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 105
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.19 Page no 136"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "l =2 #length of solution in decimeter\n",
+ "theta =12\n",
+ "S =60.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "C= theta /(S*l)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Strength of solution is\",C,\"gm/cc\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Strength of solution is 0.1 gm/cc\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 34
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.20 Page no 136"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "a=20\n",
+ "l=3.5\n",
+ "s=60\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "C=a/(l*s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Strength of sugar solution is\",round(C*10**2,2),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Strength of sugar solution is 9.52 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 111
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.21 Page no 136"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Given\n",
+ "b =.172 #bifringe of plate\n",
+ "w=6*10**-7\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "t=w /(4*( b))\n",
+ "t1=t *100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Thickness of quarterwave plate is\",round(t1*10**5,2)*10**-5,\"cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Thickness of quarterwave plate is 8.72e-05 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 39
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/screenshots/image1.png b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/screenshots/image1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..65702688 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/screenshots/image1.png diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/screenshots/image2.png b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/screenshots/image2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..ea66e0b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/screenshots/image2.png diff --git a/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/screenshots/image3.png b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/screenshots/image3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..70e1b1f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_physics_for_engineers_by_S.P.Taneja/screenshots/image3.png diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter1.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7770f9a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 1: Bonding in Solids" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 1.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "-2*a/r**3 + 90*b/r**11\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from sympy import diff,Symbol\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=1;\n", + "m=9;\n", + "a=Symbol('a')\n", + "b=Symbol('b')\n", + "r=Symbol('r')\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "y=(-a/(r**n))+(b/(r**m));\n", + "y=diff(y,r);\n", + "y=diff(y,r);\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print y" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "young's modulus is 157 GPa\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#since the values of a,b,r are declared as symbols in the above cell, it cannot be solved there. hence it is being solved here with the given variable declaration\n", + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "a=7.68*10**-29; \n", + "r0=2.5*10**-10; #radius(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "b=a*(r0**8)/9;\n", + "y=((-2*a*r0**8)+(90*b))/r0**11; \n", + "E=y/r0; #young's modulus(Pa)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"young's modulus is\",int(E/10**9),\"GPa\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 1.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "effective charge is 0.72 *10**-19 coulomb\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "dm=1.98*10**-29/3; #dipole moment\n", + "l=0.92*10**-10; #bond length(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "ec=dm/l; #effective charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"effective charge is\",round(ec*10**19,2),\"*10**-19 coulomb\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter10.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter10.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..76c25efb --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 10: Dielectric Properties" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 10.26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "insulation resistance is 0.85 *10**18 ohm\n", + "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "rho=5*10**16; #resistivity(ohm m)\n", + "l=5*10**-2; #thickness(m)\n", + "b=8*10**-2; #length(m)\n", + "w=3*10**-2; #width(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "A=b*w; #area(m**2)\n", + "Rv=rho*l/A; \n", + "X=l+b; #length(m)\n", + "Y=w; #perpendicular(m)\n", + "Rs=Rv*X/Y; \n", + "Ri=Rs*Rv/(Rs+Rv); #insulation resistance(ohm)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"insulation resistance is\",round(Ri/10**18,2),\"*10**18 ohm\"\n", + "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 10.26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "polarisability of He is 0.185 *10**-40 farad m**2\n", + "relative permittivity is 1.0000564\n", + "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "epsilon0=8.84*10**-12;\n", + "R=0.55*10**-10; #radius(m)\n", + "N=2.7*10**25; #number of atoms\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "alpha_e=4*math.pi*epsilon0*R**3; #polarisability of He(farad m**2)\n", + "epsilonr=1+(N*alpha_e/epsilon0); #relative permittivity\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"polarisability of He is\",round(alpha_e*10**40,3),\"*10**-40 farad m**2\"\n", + "print \"relative permittivity is\",round(epsilonr,7)\n", + "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 10.27" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "field strength is 3.535 *10**7 V/m\n", + "total dipole moment is 33.4 *10**-12 Cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "A=360*10**-4; #area(m**2)\n", + "V=15; #voltage(V)\n", + "C=6*10**-6; #capacitance(farad)\n", + "epsilonr=8;\n", + "epsilon0=8.84*10**-12;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "E=V*C/(epsilon0*epsilonr*A); #field strength(V/m)\n", + "dm=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)*V*A; #total dipole moment(Cm)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"field strength is\",round(E/10**7,3),\"*10**7 V/m\"\n", + "print \"total dipole moment is\",round(dm*10**12,1),\"*10**-12 Cm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 10.27" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "the complex polarizability is (3.50379335033-0.0600074383321j) *10**-40 F-m**2\n", + "answer cant be rouned off to 2 decimals as given in the textbook. Since it is a complex number and complex numbers cant be converted to float\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "epsilonr=4.36; #dielectric constant\n", + "t=2.8*10**-2; #loss tangent(t)\n", + "N=4*10**28; #number of electrons\n", + "epsilon0=8.84*10**-12; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "epsilon_r = epsilonr*t;\n", + "epsilonstar = (complex(epsilonr,-epsilon_r));\n", + "alphastar = (epsilonstar-1)/(epsilonstar+2);\n", + "alpha_star = 3*epsilon0*alphastar/N; #complex polarizability(Fm**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"the complex polarizability is\",alpha_star*10**40,\"*10**-40 F-m**2\"\n", + "print \"answer cant be rouned off to 2 decimals as given in the textbook. Since it is a complex number and complex numbers cant be converted to float\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter11.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter11.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..617a2a18 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,327 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 11: Magnetic Properties" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 11.31" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "temperature rise is 8.43 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "El=10**-2*50; #energy loss(J)\n", + "H=El*60; #heat produced(J)\n", + "d=7.7*10**3; #iron rod(kg/m**3)\n", + "s=0.462*10**-3; #specific heat(J/kg K)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "theta=H/(d*s); #temperature rise(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"temperature rise is\",round(theta,2),\"K\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 11.31" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetic field at the centre is 14 weber/m**2\n", + "dipole moment is 9 *10**-24 ampere/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "new=6.8*10**15; #frequency(revolutions per second)\n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7;\n", + "R=5.1*10**-11; #radius(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "i=round(e*new,4); #current(ampere)\n", + "B=mew0*i/(2*R); #magnetic field at the centre(weber/m**2)\n", + "A=math.pi*R**2;\n", + "d=i*A; #dipole moment(ampere/m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetic field at the centre is\",int(round(B)),\"weber/m**2\"\n", + "print \"dipole moment is\",int(round(d*10**24)),\"*10**-24 ampere/m**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 11.31" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "intensity of magnetisation is 5 ampere/m\n", + "flux density in material is 1.257 weber/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "chi=0.5*10**-5; #magnetic susceptibility\n", + "H=10**6; #field strength(ampere/m)\n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "I=chi*H; #intensity of magnetisation(ampere/m)\n", + "B=mew0*(I+H); #flux density in material(weber/m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"intensity of magnetisation is\",int(I),\"ampere/m\"\n", + "print \"flux density in material is\",round(B,3),\"weber/m**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 11.31" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "number of Bohr magnetons is 2.22 bohr magneon/atom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "B=9.27*10**-24; #bohr magneton(ampere m**2)\n", + "a=2.86*10**-10; #edge(m)\n", + "Is=1.76*10**6; #saturation value of magnetisation(ampere/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "N=2/a**3;\n", + "mew_bar=Is/N; #number of Bohr magnetons(ampere m**2)\n", + "mew_bar=mew_bar/B; #number of Bohr magnetons(bohr magneon/atom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"number of Bohr magnetons is\",round(mew_bar,2),\"bohr magneon/atom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 11.32" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "average magnetic moment is 2.79 *10**-3 bohr magneton/spin\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7;\n", + "H=9.27*10**-24; #bohr magneton(ampere m**2)\n", + "beta=10**6; #field(ampere/m)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n", + "T=303; #temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "mm=mew0*H*beta/(k*T); #average magnetic moment(bohr magneton/spin)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"average magnetic moment is\",round(mm*10**3,2),\"*10**-3 bohr magneton/spin\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 11.32" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "hysteresis loss per cycle is 188 J/m**3\n", + "hysteresis loss per second is 9400 watt/m**3\n", + "power loss is 1.23 watt/kg\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "A=94; #area(m**2)\n", + "vy=0.1; #value of length(weber/m**2)\n", + "vx=20; #value of unit length\n", + "n=50; #number of magnetization cycles\n", + "d=7650; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "h=A*vy*vx; #hysteresis loss per cycle(J/m**3)\n", + "hs=h*n; #hysteresis loss per second(watt/m**3)\n", + "pl=hs/d; #power loss(watt/kg)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"hysteresis loss per cycle is\",int(h),\"J/m**3\"\n", + "print \"hysteresis loss per second is\",int(hs),\"watt/m**3\"\n", + "print \"power loss is\",round(pl,2),\"watt/kg\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 11.33" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "critical field is 33.64 *10**3 ampere/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "H0=64*10**3; #initial field(ampere/m)\n", + "T=5; #temperature(K)\n", + "Tc=7.26; #critical temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "H=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); #critical field(ampere/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"critical field is\",round(H/10**3,2),\"*10**3 ampere/m\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter12.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter12.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..af17168c --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter12.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 12: Lasers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 12.30" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "relative population in laser transition levels is 1.081 *10**30\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/s)\n", + "lamda=6943*10**-10; #wavelength of emission(m)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n", + "T=300; #temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "new=c/lamda; #frequency(Hz)\n", + "x=h*new/(k*T);\n", + "N1byN2=math.exp(x); #relative population in laser transition levels\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"relative population in laser transition levels is\",round(N1byN2/10**30,3),\"*10**30\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 12.31" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "number of photons emitted is 7.323 *10**15 photons/second\n", + "power density is 2.3 kW/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "P=2.3*10**-3; #output power(W)\n", + "t=1; #time(sec)\n", + "new=4.74*10**14; #frequency(Hz)\n", + "s=1*10**-6; #spot area(m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n=P*t/(h*new); #number of photons emitted in each second \n", + "Pd=P/s; #power density(W/m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"number of photons emitted is\",round(n/10**15,3),\"*10**15 photons/second\"\n", + "print \"power density is\",Pd/10**3,\"kW/m**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 12.31" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of emission is 8628 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "h=6.626*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/s)\n", + "Eg=1.44*1.6*10**-19; #band gap(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamda=h*c/Eg; #wavelength of emission(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of emission is\",int(round(lamda*10**10)),\"angstrom\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter13.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter13.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..558f6667 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter13.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,665 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 13: Fiber Optics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 13.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "critical angle is 78.5 degrees\n", + "numerical aperture is 0.3\n", + "acceptance angle is 17.4 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n2=1.47; #refractive index of cladding\n", + "n1=1.5; #refractive index of core\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "phi_c=math.asin(n2/n1); #critical angle(radian)\n", + "phi_c=phi_c*180/math.pi; #critical angle(degrees)\n", + "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2); #numerical aperture\n", + "phi_max=math.asin(NA); #acceptance angle(radian)\n", + "phi_max=phi_max*180/math.pi; #acceptance angle(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"critical angle is\",round(phi_c,1),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,1)\n", + "print \"acceptance angle is\",round(phi_max,1),\"degrees\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 13.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "total number of guided modes is 490\n", + "number of modes propagated inside fibre is 245\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=50*10**-6; #diameter(m)\n", + "NA=0.2; #numerical aperture(m)\n", + "lamda=1*10**-6; #wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "N=4.9*(d*NA/lamda)**2; #total number of guided modes\n", + "Nf=N/2; #number of modes propagated inside fibre\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"total number of guided modes is\",int(N)\n", + "print \"number of modes propagated inside fibre is\",int(Nf)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 13.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "total number of guided modes is 1\n", + "it is a single mode propagation\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=5*10**-6; #diameter(m)\n", + "n2=1.447; #refractive index of cladding\n", + "n1=1.45; #refractive index of core\n", + "lamda=1*10**-6; #wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2); #numerical aperture\n", + "N=4.9*(d*NA/lamda)**2; #total number of guided modes\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"total number of guided modes is\",int(N)\n", + "print \"it is a single mode propagation\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 13.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "numerical aperture is 0.46\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n1=1.46; #refractive index of core\n", + "delta=0.05; #refractive index difference\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "NA=n1*math.sqrt(2*delta); #numerical aperture\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 13.20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "V number is 94.72\n", + "maximum number of modes is 4486\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "a=50;\n", + "n2=1.5; #refractive index of cladding\n", + "n1=1.53; #refractive index of core\n", + "lamda0=1; #wavelength(micro m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "V_number=round(2*math.pi*a*math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)/lamda0,2); #V number\n", + "n=V_number**2/2; #maximum number of modes\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"V number is\",V_number\n", + "print \"maximum number of modes is\",int(round(n))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 13.20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "total number of modes is 49178\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "a=100*10**-6;\n", + "NA=0.3; #numerical aperture(m)\n", + "lamda=850*10**-9; #wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "V_number=round(2*math.pi**2*a**2*NA**2/lamda**2); #number of modes\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"total number of modes is\",int(2*V_number)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 13.20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "cutoff wavelength is 1.315 micro m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "a=25*10**-6;\n", + "n1=1.48; #refractive index of core\n", + "delta=0.01; #refractive index difference\n", + "V=25; #Vnumber\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamda=2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta)/V; #cutoff wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"cutoff wavelength is\",round(lamda*10**6,3),\"micro m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 13.20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum value of core radius is 9.95 micro m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "V=2.405; #Vnumber\n", + "lamda=1.3; #wavelength(micro m)\n", + "NA=0.05; #numerical aperture(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "amax=V*lamda/(2*math.pi*NA); #maximum value of core radius(micro m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"maximum value of core radius is\",round(amax,2),\"micro m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 13.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "acceptance angle for meridional rays is 17.46 degrees\n", + "acceptance angle for skew rays is 25.104 degrees\n", + "answer for acceptance angle for skew rays given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "NA=0.3; #numerical aperture(m)\n", + "gama=45*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "thetaa=math.asin(NA); #acceptance angle for meridional rays(radian)\n", + "thetaa=thetaa*180/math.pi; #acceptance angle for meridional rays(degrees)\n", + "thetaas=math.asin(NA/math.cos(gama)); #acceptance angle for skew rays(radian)\n", + "thetaas=thetaas*180/math.pi; #acceptance angle for skew rays(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"acceptance angle for meridional rays is\",round(thetaa,2),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"acceptance angle for skew rays is\",round(thetaas,3),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"answer for acceptance angle for skew rays given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10, Page number 13.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "numerical aperture is 0.303\n", + "acceptance angle is 17.633 degrees\n", + "answer for angle given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta=0.0196; #relative refractive index difference\n", + "n1=1.53; #refractive index of core\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "NA=n1*math.sqrt(2*delta); #numerical aperture\n", + "theta=math.asin(NA); #acceptance angle(radian)\n", + "theta=theta*180/math.pi; #acceptance angle(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,3)\n", + "print \"acceptance angle is\",round(theta,3),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"answer for angle given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 13.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 25, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "core radius is 1.548 micro m\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n2=1.465; #refractive index of cladding\n", + "n1=1.480; #refractive index of core\n", + "lamda=850*10**-9; #wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "delta=(n1**2-n2**2)/(2*n1**2); #relative refractive index difference\n", + "a=2.405*lamda*10**6/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta)); #core radius(micro m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"core radius is\",round(a,3),\"micro m\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 12, Page number 13.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "total number of reflections per metre is 2321\n", + "total distance travelled by light is 1.0067 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n2=1.49; #refractive index of cladding\n", + "n1=1.5; #refractive index of core\n", + "a=25; #core radius(micro m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "phic=math.asin(n2/n1); #angle(degrees)\n", + "l=2*a*math.tan(phic); #fibre length covered in 1 reflection(micro m)\n", + "n=10**6/l; #total number of reflections per metre\n", + "d=1/math.sin(phic); #total distance travelled by light(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"total number of reflections per metre is\",int(n)\n", + "print \"total distance travelled by light is\",round(d,4),\"m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 13, Page number 13.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 36, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "total number of modes is 309\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "alpha=1.85; #index profile\n", + "a=25; #core radius(micro m)\n", + "NA=0.21; #numerical aperture\n", + "lamda=1.3; #wavelength(micro m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n=(alpha*2*math.pi**2*a**2*NA**2)/(lamda**2*(alpha+2)); #number of modes\n", + "N=2*n; #total number of modes\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"total number of modes is\",int(N)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 14, Page number 13.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 41, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "signal attenuation per unit length is 1.7 dB km-1\n", + "overall signal attenuation is 17 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "L=10; #transmission distance(km)\n", + "Pi=100; #optical power(micro W)\n", + "Po=2; #optical power output(micro W)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "sa=round(10*math.log10(Pi/Po)/L,1); #signal attenuation per unit length(dB km-1)\n", + "osa=sa*L; #overall signal attenuation(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"signal attenuation per unit length is\",sa,\"dB km-1\"\n", + "print \"overall signal attenuation is\",int(osa),\"dB\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 15, Page number 13.23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 51, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "dispersion is 1343.3 ns\n", + "bandwidth length product is 7.44 *10**6 Hz-km\n", + "answer for bandwidth given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "L=10; #transmission distance(km)\n", + "n1=1.55; #refractive index of core\n", + "delta=0.026; #relative refractive index difference\n", + "C=3*10**5; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "deltaT=L*n1*delta/C; #dispersion(s)\n", + "blp=L/deltaT; #bandwidth length product(Hz-km)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"dispersion is\",round(deltaT*10**9,1),\"ns\"\n", + "print \"bandwidth length product is\",round(blp/10**6,2),\"*10**6 Hz-km\"\n", + "print \"answer for bandwidth given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter14.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter14.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..92fbeef0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter14.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 14: Acoustics of Buildings and Acoustic Quieting" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 14.18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "reverbration time is 3.9 s\n", + "reverbration time when audience fill the hall is 1.95 s\n", + "reverbration time is reduced to one-half\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "V=2265; #volume(m**3)\n", + "a=92.9; #absorption(m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "T=0.16*V/a; #reverbration time(s)\n", + "T2=T/2; #reverbration time when audience fill the hall(s)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"reverbration time is\",round(T,1),\"s\"\n", + "print \"reverbration time when audience fill the hall is\",round(T2,2),\"s\"\n", + "print \"reverbration time is reduced to one-half\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 14.18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "reverbration time is 0.8 second\n", + "reverbration time when hall is empty is 1.6 second\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "V=12*30*6; #volume(m**3)\n", + "A1=450; #area of plastered wall(m**2)\n", + "a1=0.03; #coefficient of absorption(m**2)\n", + "A2=360; #area of wooden floor(m**2)\n", + "a2=0.06; #coefficient of absorption(m**2)\n", + "A3=24; #area of glass(m**2)\n", + "a3=0.25; #coefficient of absorption(m**2)\n", + "A4=600; #area of seats(m**2)\n", + "a4=0.3; #coefficient of absorption(m**2)\n", + "A5=500; #area of hall with audience(m**2)\n", + "a5=0.43; #coefficient of absorption(m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "A=(A1*a1)+(A2*a2)+(A3*a3)+(A4*a4)+(A5*a5); #total absorption(m**2)\n", + "Ae=A-(A5*a5); #absorption when hall is empty(m**2) \n", + "T=0.16*V/A; #reverbration time(second)\n", + "Te=0.16*V/Ae; #reverbration time when hall is empty(second)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"reverbration time is\",round(T,1),\"second\"\n", + "print \"reverbration time when hall is empty is\",round(Te,1),\"second\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 14.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "total absorption is 1000 m**2 or OWU\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "V=7500; #volume(m**3)\n", + "T=1.2; #reverbration time(second)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "A=0.16*V/T; #total absorption(OWU)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"total absorption is\",int(A),\"m**2 or OWU\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 14.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 29, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "change in reverbration time is 0.727 second\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "V=12*10**4; #volume(m**3)\n", + "a=13200; #absorption(m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "T1=0.16*V/a; #reverbration time(s)\n", + "T2=T1/2; #reverbration time when audience fill the hall(s)\n", + "T=T1-T2; #change in reverbration time(second)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"change in reverbration time is\",round(T,3),\"second\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter2.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..51d55e0b --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,319 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 2: Crystallography and Crystal Structures" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 2.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "spacing between (100) plane is 5.64 angstrom\n", + "spacing between (110) plane is 3.99 angstrom\n", + "answer for spacing between (110) plane given in the book is wrong\n", + "spacing between (111) plane is 3.26 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "a=5.64; #lattice constant(angstrom)\n", + "h1=1;\n", + "k1=0;\n", + "l1=0;\n", + "h2=1;\n", + "k2=1;\n", + "l2=0;\n", + "h3=1;\n", + "k3=1;\n", + "l3=1;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "d100=a/math.sqrt(h1**2+k1**2+l1**2); #spacing between (100) plane\n", + "d110=a/math.sqrt(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2); #spacing between (110) plane\n", + "d111=a/math.sqrt(h3**2+k3**2+l3**2); #spacing between (111) plane\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"spacing between (100) plane is\",d100,\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"spacing between (110) plane is\",round(d110,2),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer for spacing between (110) plane given in the book is wrong\"\n", + "print \"spacing between (111) plane is\",round(d111,2),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 2.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "number of atoms in (100) is 1.535 *10**13 atoms/mm**2\n", + "number of atoms in (110) is 1.085 *10**13 atoms/mm**2\n", + "number of atoms in (111) is 1.772 *10**13 atoms/mm**2\n", + "answers given in the book vary due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "a=3.61*10**-7; #lattice constant(mm)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "A100=a**2; #surface area(mm**2)\n", + "n=1+(4*(1/4));\n", + "N1=n/A100; #number of atoms in (100)(per mm**2)\n", + "A110=math.sqrt(2)*a**2; #surface area(mm**2)\n", + "N2=n/A110; #number of atoms in (110)(per mm**2)\n", + "A111=math.sqrt(3)*a**2/2; #surface area(mm**2)\n", + "N3=n/A111; #number of atoms in (110)(per mm**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"number of atoms in (100) is\",round(N1/10**13,3),\"*10**13 atoms/mm**2\"\n", + "print \"number of atoms in (110) is\",round(N2/10**13,3),\"*10**13 atoms/mm**2\"\n", + "print \"number of atoms in (111) is\",round(N3/10**13,3),\"*10**13 atoms/mm**2\"\n", + "print \"answers given in the book vary due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 2.23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of x rays is 1.552 angstrom\n", + "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n", + "energy of x rays is 8 *10**3 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=4; \n", + "A=107.87; #atomic weight\n", + "rho=10500; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "N=6.02*10**26; #number of molecules\n", + "theta=19+(12/60); #angle(degrees)\n", + "h=1;\n", + "k=1;\n", + "l=1;\n", + "h0=6.625*10**-34; #planck constant\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/s)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "theta=theta*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "a=(n*A/(N*rho))**(1/3);\n", + "d=a*10**10/math.sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2); \n", + "lamda=2*d*math.sin(theta); #wavelength of x rays(angstrom)\n", + "E=h0*c/(lamda*10**-10*e); #energy of x rays(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of x rays is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\"\n", + "print \"energy of x rays is\",int(E/10**3),\"*10**3 eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 2.23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "density is 2332 kg/m**3\n", + "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=8; #number of atoms\n", + "r=2.351*10**-10; #bond length(angstrom)\n", + "A=28.09; #Atomic wt. of NaCl\n", + "N=6.02*10**26 #Avagadro number\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "a=4*r/math.sqrt(3); \n", + "rho=n*A/(N*a**3); #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"density is\",int(rho),\"kg/m**3\"\n", + "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 2.24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "radius of largest sphere is 0.1547 r\n", + "maximum radius of sphere is 0.414 r\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "r=Symbol('r')\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "a1=4*r/math.sqrt(3);\n", + "R1=(a1/2)-r; #radius of largest sphere\n", + "a2=4*r/math.sqrt(2);\n", + "R2=(a2/2)-r; #maximum radius of sphere\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"radius of largest sphere is\",round(R1/r,4),\"r\"\n", + "print \"maximum radius of sphere is\",round(R2/r,3),\"r\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 2.25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "percent volume change is 0.5 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "r1=1.258*10**-10; #radius(m)\n", + "r2=1.292*10**-10; #radius(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "a_bcc=4*r1/math.sqrt(3);\n", + "v=a_bcc**3;\n", + "V1=v/2;\n", + "a_fcc=2*math.sqrt(2)*r2;\n", + "V2=a_fcc**3/4;\n", + "V=(V1-V2)*100/V1; #percent volume change is\",V,\"%\"\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"percent volume change is\",round(V,1),\"%\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter3.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a9d0fcd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,303 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 3: X-Ray Diffraction" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 3.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum order of diffraction is 1.53\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=1.181; #lattice spacing(angstrom)\n", + "theta=90*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "lamda=1.540; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n=2*d*math.sin(theta)/lamda; #maximum order of diffraction \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"maximum order of diffraction is\",round(n,2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 3.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "cube edge of unit cell is 3.514 angstrom\n", + "answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=1; #order\n", + "theta=9.5*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "lamda=0.58; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "h=2;\n", + "k=0;\n", + "l=0;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "d=n*lamda/(2*math.sin(theta)); #lattice parameter(angstrom)\n", + "a=d*math.sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2); #cube edge of unit cell(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"cube edge of unit cell is\",round(a,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 3.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "glancing angle for 3rd order is 26 degrees 35 minutes\n", + "answer for minutes given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "theta=(8+(35/60))*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "lamda=0.842; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "n1=1; #order\n", + "n3=3; #order \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "theta3=math.asin(n3*lamda*math.sin(theta)/(n1*lamda))*180/math.pi; #glancing angle for 3rd order(degrees)\n", + "theta3d=int(theta3); #glancing angle for 3rd order(degrees) \n", + "theta3m=(theta3-theta3d)*60; #glancing angle for 3rd order(minutes)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"glancing angle for 3rd order is\",theta3d,\"degrees\",int(theta3m),\"minutes\"\n", + "print \"answer for minutes given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 3.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "interplanar spacing is 2.22 angstrom\n", + "value of h**2+k**2+l**2 is 2\n", + "miller indices are (110) or (011) or (101)\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "theta=20.3*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "lamda=1.54; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "n=1; #order\n", + "a=3.16; #lattice parameter(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "d=n*lamda/(2*math.sin(theta)); #interplanar spacing(angstrom)\n", + "x=(a/d)**2; #assume x=(h**2+k**2+l**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"interplanar spacing is\",round(d,2),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"value of h**2+k**2+l**2 is\",int(x)\n", + "print \"miller indices are (110) or (011) or (101)\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 3.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength is 1.553 angstrom\n", + "energy of X-rays is 8 *10**3 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=4; #order\n", + "A=107.87; #atomic weight(kg)\n", + "theta=(19+(12/60))*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "h=1;\n", + "k=1;\n", + "l=1;\n", + "N=6.02*10**26; #avagadro number\n", + "rho=10500; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "H=6.625*10**-34; #plancks constant(Js)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/s)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "a=round(((n*A/(N*rho))**(1/3))*10**10,2); #lattice parameter(angstrom)\n", + "d=a/math.sqrt((h**2)+(k**2)+(l**2)); #lattice parameter(angstrom)\n", + "lamda=2*d*math.sin(theta); #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "E=H*c/(lamda*10**-10*e); #energy of X-rays(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"energy of X-rays is\",int(round(E/10**3)),\"*10**3 eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 3.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "specimen distance is 7.559 cm\n", + "answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "h=1;\n", + "k=1;\n", + "l=1;\n", + "a=4.57; #lattice parameter(angstrom)\n", + "lamda=1.52; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "r=5; #radius(cm)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "d=a/math.sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2); #lattice parameter(angstrom)\n", + "theta=math.asin(lamda/(2*d)); #glancing angle(degrees)\n", + "X=r/math.tan(2*theta); #specimen distance(cm)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"specimen distance is\",round(X,3),\"cm\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter4.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e9783bbb --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 4: Defects in Crystals" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 4.14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 36, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "equilibrium concentration of vacancy at 300K is 7.577 *10**5\n", + "equilibrium concentration of vacancy at 900K is 6.502 *10**19\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "N=6.023*10**26; #avagadro number\n", + "T1=1/float('inf'); #temperature 0K(K)\n", + "T2=300;\n", + "T3=900; #temperature(K)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant \n", + "deltaHv=120*10**3*10**3/N; #enthalpy(J/vacancy)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#n1=N*math.exp(-deltaHv/(k*T1)); #equilibrium concentration of vacancy at 0K\n", + "#value of n1 cant be calculated in python, as the denominator is 0 and it shows float division error\n", + "n2=N*math.exp(-deltaHv/(k*T2)); #equilibrium concentration of vacancy at 300K \n", + "n3=N*math.exp(-deltaHv/(k*T3)); #equilibrium concentration of vacancy at 900K \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "#print \"equilibrium concentration of vacancy at 0K is\",n1\n", + "print \"equilibrium concentration of vacancy at 300K is\",round(n2/10**5,3),\"*10**5\"\n", + "print \"equilibrium concentration of vacancy at 900K is\",round(n3/10**19,3),\"*10**19\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 4.15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fraction of vacancies at 1000 is 8.5 *10**-7\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "nbyN1=1*10**-10; #fraction of vacancies\n", + "T1=500+273;\n", + "T2=1000+273;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lnx=T1*math.log(nbyN1)/T2;\n", + "x=math.exp(lnx); #fraction of vacancies at 1000\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"fraction of vacancies at 1000 is\",round(x*10**7,1),\"*10**-7\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 4.16" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "concentration of schottky defects is 6.42 *10**11 per m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=2.82*10**-10; #interionic distance(m)\n", + "T=300; #temperature(K)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "n=4; #number of molecules\n", + "deltaHs=1.971*e; #enthalpy(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "V=(2*d)**3; #volume of unit cell(m**3)\n", + "N=n/V; #number of ion pairs\n", + "x=deltaHs/(2*k*T);\n", + "n=N*math.exp(-x); #concentration of schottky defects(per m**3)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"concentration of schottky defects is\",round(n*10**-11,2),\"*10**11 per m**3\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 4.17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "concentration of schottky defects is 9.23 *10**12 per cm**3\n", + "amount of climb down by the dislocations is 0.1846 step or 0.3692 *10**-8 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "N=6.026*10**23; #avagadro number \n", + "T=500; #temperature(K)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant \n", + "deltaHv=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "V=5.55; #molar volume(cm**3)\n", + "nv=5*10**7*10**6; #number of vacancies\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n=N*math.exp(-deltaHv/(k*T))/V; #concentration of schottky defects(per m**3)\n", + "x=round(n/nv,4); #amount of climb down by the dislocations(step)\n", + "xcm=2*x*10**-8; #amount of climb down by the dislocations(cm)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"concentration of schottky defects is\",round(n/10**12,2),\"*10**12 per cm**3\"\n", + "print \"amount of climb down by the dislocations is\",x,\"step or\",xcm*10**8,\"*10**-8 cm\" " + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter5.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter5.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..be92b558 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 5: Elements of Statistical Mechanics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 5.32" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "temperature is 1261.6 K\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "E=5.5; #energy(eV)\n", + "Ef=5; #fermi energy(eV)\n", + "p=1/100; #probability\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=E-Ef; #difference in energy(eV)\n", + "y=math.log((1/p)-1);\n", + "T=x*e/(k*y); #temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"temperature is\",round(T,1),\"K\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 5.32" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fermi energy is 3.15 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "rho=970; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "N=6.02*10**26; #avagadro number\n", + "A=23; #atomic weight(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n=rho*N/A; #number of atoms per m**3\n", + "EF=(h**2/(8*m))*((3*n/math.pi)**(2/3)); #fermi energy(J)\n", + "EF=EF/e; #fermi energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"fermi energy is\",round(EF,2),\"eV\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter6.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter6.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ab8cdc23 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,331 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 6: Principles of Quantum Mechanics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 6.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "deBroglie wavelength is 0.66 angstrom\n", + "spacing between planes is 0.35 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "V=344; #voltage(V)\n", + "theta=40; #angle(degrees)\n", + "n=1; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamda=12.26/math.sqrt(V); #deBroglie wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "theta=((180-theta)/2)*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "d=n*lamda/(2*math.sin(theta)); #spacing between planes(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"deBroglie wavelength is\",round(lamda,2),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"spacing between planes is\",round(d,2),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 6.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "deBroglie wavelength is 0.00286 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=1.675*10**-27; #mass(kg)\n", + "E=10*10**3*e; #kinetic energy(J)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "v=math.sqrt(2*E/m); #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=h*10**10/(m*v); #deBroglie wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"deBroglie wavelength is\",round(lamda,5),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 6.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy difference is 1.81 *10**-37 J\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.63*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "a=1; #length(m)\n", + "nx1=1;\n", + "ny1=1;\n", + "nz1=1;\n", + "nx2=1;\n", + "ny2=1;\n", + "nz2=2;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "E1=h**2*(nx1**2+ny1**2+nz1**2)/(8*m*a**2); #energy of 1st quantum state(J)\n", + "E2=h**2*(nx2**2+ny2**2+nz2**2)/(8*m*a**2); #energy of 2nd quantum state(J)\n", + "E=E2-E1; #energy difference(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy difference is\",round(E*10**37,2),\"*10**-37 J\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 6.23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in position of electron is 0.002 m\n", + "uncertainity in position of bullet is 0.4 *10**-31 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "m1=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "m2=0.05; #mass(kg)\n", + "v=300; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "p=0.01/100; #probability\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "p1=m1*v; #momentum of electron(kg m/s)\n", + "deltap1=p*p1; \n", + "deltax1=h/(deltap1*4*math.pi); #uncertainity in position of electron(m)\n", + "p2=m2*v; #momentum of bullet(kg m/s)\n", + "deltap2=p*p2; \n", + "deltax2=h/(deltap2*4*math.pi); #uncertainity in position of bullet(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in position of electron is\",round(deltax1,3),\"m\"\n", + "print \"uncertainity in position of bullet is\",round(deltax2*10**31,1),\"*10**-31 m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 6.24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "probability of finding the particle is 0.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "deltax=10**-10; #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "L=10*10**-10; #width(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "p=2*deltax/L; #probability of finding the particle\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"probability of finding the particle is\",p" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 6.24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "deBroglie wavelength is 2.73 *10**-11 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "E=2*10**3*e; #kinetic energy(J)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "p=math.sqrt(2*E*m); #momentum(kg m/s)\n", + "lamda=h/p; #deBroglie wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"deBroglie wavelength is\",round(lamda*10**11,2),\"*10**-11 m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 6.24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "deBroglie wavelength is 1.807 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.602*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=1.676*10**-27; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "E=0.025*e; #kinetic energy(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "mv=math.sqrt(2*E*m); #velocity(m/s)\n", + "lamda=h*10**10/mv; #deBroglie wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"deBroglie wavelength is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter8.ipynb b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter8.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8d27e900 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/Chapter8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 8: Semiconductor Physics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 8.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "number of electron hole pairs is 2.32 *10**16 per cubic metre\n", + "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "ni1=2.5*10**19; #number of electron hole pairs\n", + "T1=300; #temperature(K)\n", + "Eg1=0.72*1.6*10**-19; #energy gap(J)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n", + "T2=310; #temperature(K)\n", + "Eg2=1.12*1.6*10**-19; #energy gap(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x1=-Eg1/(2*k*T1);\n", + "y1=(T1**(3/2))*math.exp(x1);\n", + "x2=-Eg2/(2*k*T2);\n", + "y2=(T2**(3/2))*math.exp(x2);\n", + "ni=ni1*(y2/y1); #number of electron hole pairs\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"number of electron hole pairs is\",round(ni/10**16,2),\"*10**16 per cubic metre\"\n", + "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 8.20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "intrinsic conductivity is 2.016 ohm-1 metre-1\n", + "intrinsic resistivity is 0.496 ohm metre\n", + "number of germanium atoms per m**3 is 4.5 *10**28\n", + "new value of conductivity is 1.434 *10**4 ohm-1 metre-1\n", + "new value of resistivity is 0.697 *10**-4 ohm metre\n", + "answer for new values given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "w=72.6; #atomic weight\n", + "d=5400; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "Na=6.025*10**26; #avagadro number\n", + "mew_e=0.4; #mobility of electron(m**2/Vs)\n", + "mew_h=0.2; #mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19;\n", + "m=9.108*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "ni=2.1*10**19; #number of electron hole pairs\n", + "Eg=0.7; #band gap(eV)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #plancks constant\n", + "T=300; #temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "sigma=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h); #intrinsic conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n", + "rho=1/sigma; #resistivity(ohm m)\n", + "n=Na*d/w; #number of germanium atoms per m**3\n", + "p=n/10**5; #boron density\n", + "sigman=p*e*mew_h; #new value of conductivity(ohm-1 metre-1)\n", + "rhon=1/sigman; #new value of resistivity(ohm metre)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"intrinsic conductivity is\",sigma,\"ohm-1 metre-1\"\n", + "print \"intrinsic resistivity is\",round(rho,3),\"ohm metre\"\n", + "print \"number of germanium atoms per m**3 is\",round(n/10**28,1),\"*10**28\"\n", + "print \"new value of conductivity is\",round(sigman/10**4,3),\"*10**4 ohm-1 metre-1\"\n", + "print \"new value of resistivity is\",round(rhon*10**4,3),\"*10**-4 ohm metre\"\n", + "print \"answer for new values given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 8.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "charge carrier density is 2 *10**22 per m**3\n", + "electron mobility is 0.035 m**2/Vs\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19;\n", + "RH=3.66*10**-4; #hall coefficient(m**3/coulomb)\n", + "sigma=112; #conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "ne=3*math.pi/(8*RH*e); #charge carrier density(per m**3)\n", + "mew_e=sigma/(e*ne); #electron mobility(m**2/Vs)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"charge carrier density is\",int(ne/10**22),\"*10**22 per m**3\"\n", + "print \"electron mobility is\",round(mew_e,3),\"m**2/Vs\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 8.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "intrinsic conductivity is 0.432 *10**-3 ohm-1 m-1\n", + "conductivity during donor impurity is 10.4 ohm-1 m-1\n", + "conductivity during acceptor impurity is 4 ohm-1 m-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "mew_e=0.13; #mobility of electron(m**2/Vs)\n", + "mew_h=0.05; #mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19;\n", + "ni=1.5*10**16; #number of electron hole pairs\n", + "N=5*10**28;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "sigma1=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h); #intrinsic conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n", + "ND=N/10**8;\n", + "n=ni**2/ND;\n", + "sigma2=ND*e*mew_e; #conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n", + "sigma3=ND*e*mew_h; #conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"intrinsic conductivity is\",round(sigma1*10**3,3),\"*10**-3 ohm-1 m-1\"\n", + "print \"conductivity during donor impurity is\",sigma2,\"ohm-1 m-1\"\n", + "print \"conductivity during acceptor impurity is\",int(sigma3),\"ohm-1 m-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 8.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "conductivity is 4.97 mho m-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19;\n", + "Eg=0.72; #band gap(eV)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n", + "T1=293; #temperature(K)\n", + "T2=313; #temperature(K)\n", + "sigma1=2; #conductivity(mho m-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=(Eg*e/(2*k))*((1/T1)-(1/T2));\n", + "y=round(x/2.303,3);\n", + "z=round(math.log10(sigma1),3);\n", + "log_sigma2=y+z;\n", + "sigma2=10**log_sigma2; #conductivity(mho m-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"conductivity is\",round(sigma2,2),\"mho m-1\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/screenshots/22.png b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/screenshots/22.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..ac80af45 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/screenshots/22.png diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/screenshots/33.png b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/screenshots/33.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..8e2a6386 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/screenshots/33.png diff --git a/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/screenshots/44.png b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/screenshots/44.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..680e2742 --- /dev/null +++ b/Solid_State_Physics_by_Dr_M_Arumugam/screenshots/44.png |
