262 files changed, 10221 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Coulson_And_Richardsons_Chemical_Engineering,_Volume_2_by_J._M._Coulson,_J._F._Richardson,_J._R._Backhurst_And_J._H._Harker/README.txt b/Coulson_And_Richardsons_Chemical_Engineering,_Volume_2_by_J._M._Coulson,_J._F._Richardson,_J._R._Backhurst_And_J._H._Harker/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88cae2cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Coulson_And_Richardsons_Chemical_Engineering,_Volume_2_by_J._M._Coulson,_J._F._Richardson,_J._R._Backhurst_And_J._H._Harker/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Nishtha Rani
+Course: btech
+College/Institute/Organization: Uttarakhand Technical University
+Department/Designation: ET
+Book Title: Coulson And Richardsons Chemical Engineering, Volume 2
+Author: J. M. Coulson, J. F. Richardson, J. R. Backhurst And J. H. Harker
+Publisher: Elsevier India
+Year of publication: 2006
+Isbn: 9788181471444
+Edition: 5
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/README.txt b/Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..848b4d9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: kowshik Chilamkurthy
+Course: btech
+College/Institute/Organization: iit madras
+Department/Designation: civil engineering
+Book Title: Engineering Mechanics of Solids
+Author: Popov E P
+Publisher: Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
+Year of publication: 1990
+Isbn: 0-13-279258-3
+Edition: SI VERSION
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/Chapter9_12.ipynb b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/Chapter9_12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc9cf7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/Chapter9_12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:48cb33cf6ef13f754e173ca6c35bca3909b876e2908bcec42f91faa51efd7e7e"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter09:Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex9.1:pg-350"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#standard five point formula\n",
+      "#example 9.1\n",
+      "#page 350\n",
+      "\n",
+      "u2=5.0\n",
+      "u3=1.0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    u1=(u2+u3+6.0)/4.0\n",
+      "    u2=(u1/2.0)+(5.0/2.0)\n",
+      "    u3=(u1/2.0)+(1.0/2.0)\n",
+      "    print\" the values are u1=%d\\t u2=%d\\t u3=%d\\t\\n\\n\" %(u1,u2,u3)\n",
+      "    \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " the values are u1=3\t u2=4\t u3=2\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the values are u1=3\t u2=4\t u3=2\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the values are u1=3\t u2=4\t u3=2\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex9.2:pg-351"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#solution of laplace equation by jacobi method,gauss-seidel method and SOR method\n",
+      "#example 9.2\n",
+      "#page 351\n",
+      "u1=0.25\n",
+      "u2=0.25\n",
+      "u3=0.5\n",
+      "u4=0.5 #initial values\n",
+      "print \"jacobis iteration process\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print\"u1\\t     u2\\t     u3\\t     u4\\t \\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"%f\\t     %f\\t     %f\\t     %f\\t  \\n\" %(u1,u2,u3,u4)\n",
+      "for i in range(0,7):\n",
+      "    u11=(0+u2+0+u4)/4\n",
+      "    u22=(u1+0+0+u3)/4\n",
+      "    u33=(1+u2+0+u4)/4\n",
+      "    u44=(1+0+u3+u1)/4\n",
+      "    u1=u11\n",
+      "    u2=u22\n",
+      "    u3=u33\n",
+      "    u4=u44\n",
+      "    print \"%f\\t     %f\\t     %f\\t     %f\\t  \\n\" %(u11,u22,u33,u44)  \n",
+      "print \" gauss seidel process\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "u1=0.25\n",
+      "u2=0.3125\n",
+      "u3=0.5625\n",
+      "u4=0.46875  #initial values\n",
+      "print \"u1\\t     u2\\t     u3\\t     u4\\t \\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"%f\\t     %f\\t     %f\\t     %f\\t  \\n\" %(u1,u2,u3,u4)\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    u1=(0.0+u2+0.0+u4)/4.0\n",
+      "    u2=(u1+0.0+0.0+u3)/4.0\n",
+      "    u3=(1.0+u2+0.0+u4)/4.0\n",
+      "    u4=(1.0+0.0+u3+u1)/4.0\n",
+      "    print \"%f\\t     %f\\t     %f\\t     %f\\t  \\n\" %(u1,u2,u3,u4)    \n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "jacobis iteration process\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "u1\t     u2\t     u3\t     u4\t \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.250000\t     0.250000\t     0.500000\t     0.500000\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.187500\t     0.187500\t     0.437500\t     0.437500\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.156250\t     0.156250\t     0.406250\t     0.406250\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.140625\t     0.140625\t     0.390625\t     0.390625\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.132812\t     0.132812\t     0.382812\t     0.382812\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.128906\t     0.128906\t     0.378906\t     0.378906\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.126953\t     0.126953\t     0.376953\t     0.376953\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.125977\t     0.125977\t     0.375977\t     0.375977\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        " gauss seidel process\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "u1\t     u2\t     u3\t     u4\t \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.250000\t     0.312500\t     0.562500\t     0.468750\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.195312\t     0.189453\t     0.414551\t     0.402466\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.147980\t     0.140633\t     0.385775\t     0.383439\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.131018\t     0.129198\t     0.378159\t     0.377294\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.126623\t     0.126196\t     0.375872\t     0.375624\t  \n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 51
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex9.4:pg-354"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#poisson equation\n",
+      "#exaample 9.4\n",
+      "#page 354\n",
+      "u2=0.0\n",
+      "u4=0.0\n",
+      "print \" u1\\t    u2\\t   u3\\t   u4\\t\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(0,6):\n",
+      "    u1=(u2/2.0)+30.0\n",
+      "    u2=(u1+u4+150.0)/4.0\n",
+      "    u4=(u2/2.0)+45.0\n",
+      "    print \"%0.2f\\t   %0.2f\\t   %0.2f\\t   %0.2f\\n\" %(u1,u2,u2,u4)\n",
+      "print \" from last two iterates we conclude u1=67   u2=75   u3=75   u4=83\\n\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " u1\t    u2\t   u3\t   u4\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "30.00\t   45.00\t   45.00\t   67.50\n",
+        "\n",
+        "52.50\t   67.50\t   67.50\t   78.75\n",
+        "\n",
+        "63.75\t   73.12\t   73.12\t   81.56\n",
+        "\n",
+        "66.56\t   74.53\t   74.53\t   82.27\n",
+        "\n",
+        "67.27\t   74.88\t   74.88\t   82.44\n",
+        "\n",
+        "67.44\t   74.97\t   74.97\t   82.49\n",
+        "\n",
+        " from last two iterates we conclude u1=67   u2=75   u3=75   u4=83\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 59
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex9.6:pg-362"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#bender-schmidt formula\n",
+      "#example 9.6\n",
+      "#page 362\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return (4*x)-(x*x)\n",
+      "#u=[f(0),f(1),f(2),f(3),f(4)]\n",
+      "u1=f(0);u2=f(1);u3=f(2);u4=f(3);u5=f(4);\n",
+      "u11=(u1+u3)/2\n",
+      "u12=(u2+u4)/2\n",
+      "u13=(u3+u5)/2\n",
+      "print \"u11=%0.2f\\t  u12=%0.2f\\t  u13=%0.2f\\t \\n\" %(u11,u12,u13)\n",
+      "u21=(u1+u12)/2.0\n",
+      "u22=(u11+u13)/2.0\n",
+      "u23=(u12+0)/2.0\n",
+      "print \"u21=%0.2f\\t  u22=%0.2f\\t  u23=%0.2f\\t \\n\" %(u21,u22,u23)\n",
+      "u31=(u1+u22)/2.0\n",
+      "u32=(u21+u23)/2.0\n",
+      "u33=(u22+u1)/2.0\n",
+      "print \"u31=%0.2f\\t  u32=%0.2f\\t  u33=%0.2f\\t \\n\" % (u31,u32,u33)\n",
+      "u41=(u1+u32)/2.0\n",
+      "u42=(u31+u33)/2.0\n",
+      "u43=(u32+u1)/2.0\n",
+      "print \"u41=%0.2f\\t  u42=%0.2f\\t  u43=%0.2f\\t \\n\" % (u41,u42,u43)\n",
+      "u51=(u1+u42)/2.0\n",
+      "u52=(u41+u43)/2.0\n",
+      "u53=(u42+u1)/2.0\n",
+      "print \"u51=%0.2f\\t  u52=%0.2f\\t  u53=%0.2f\\t \\n\" % (u51,u52,u53)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "u11=2.00\t  u12=3.00\t  u13=2.00\t \n",
+        "\n",
+        "u21=1.50\t  u22=2.00\t  u23=1.50\t \n",
+        "\n",
+        "u31=1.00\t  u32=1.50\t  u33=1.00\t \n",
+        "\n",
+        "u41=0.75\t  u42=1.00\t  u43=0.75\t \n",
+        "\n",
+        "u51=0.50\t  u52=0.75\t  u53=0.50\t \n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 77
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex9.7:pg-363"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#bender-schimdt's formula and crank-nicolson formula\n",
+      "#example 9.7\n",
+      "#page 363\n",
+      "#bender -schimdt's formula\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "z=math.pi\n",
+      "def f(x,t):\n",
+      "    return math.exp(z*z*t*-1)*sin(z*x)\n",
+      "#u=[f(0,0),f(0.2,0),f(0.4,0),f(0.6,0),f(0.8,0),f(1,0)]\n",
+      "u1=f(0,0)\n",
+      "u2=f(0.2,0)\n",
+      "u3=f(0.4,0)\n",
+      "u4=f(0.6,0)\n",
+      "u5=f(0.8,0)\n",
+      "u6=f(1.0,0)\n",
+      "u11=u3/2\n",
+      "u12=(u2+u4)/2\n",
+      "u13=u12\n",
+      "u14=u11\n",
+      "print \"u11=%f\\t  u12=%f\\t  u13=%f\\t  u14=%f\\n\\n\" % (u11,u12,u13,u14)\n",
+      "u21=u12/2\n",
+      "u22=(u12+u14)/2\n",
+      "u23=u22\n",
+      "u24=u21\n",
+      "print \"u21=%f\\t  u22=%f\\t  u23=%f\\t  u24=%f\\n\\n\" % (u21,u22,u23,u24)\n",
+      "print \"the error in the solution is: %f\\n\\n\" % (math.fabs(u22-f(0.6,0.04)))\n",
+      "#crank-nicolson formula\n",
+      "#by putting i=1,2,3,4 we obtain four equation\n",
+      "A=matrix([[4, -1, 0, 0] ,[-1, 4, -1, 0],[0, -1, 4, -1],[0, 0, -1, 4]])\n",
+      "C=matrix([[0.9510],[1.5388],[1.5388],[0.9510]])\n",
+      "X=A.I*C\n",
+      "print \"u00=%f\\t  u10=%f\\t  u20=%f\\t  u30=%f\\t\\n\\n\" %(X[0][0],X[1][0],X[2][0],X[3][0])\n",
+      "print \"the error in the solution is: %f\\n\\n\" %(abs(X[1][0]-f(0.6,0.04)))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "u11=0.475528\t  u12=0.769421\t  u13=0.769421\t  u14=0.475528\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "u21=0.384710\t  u22=0.622475\t  u23=0.622475\t  u24=0.384710\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the error in the solution is: 0.018372\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "u00=0.399255\t  u10=0.646018\t  u20=0.646018\t  u30=0.399255\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the error in the solution is: 0.005172\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex9.8:pg-364"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#heat equation using crank-nicolson method\n",
+      "#example 9.8\n",
+      "#page 364\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "z=0.01878\n",
+      "#h=1/2 l=1/8,i=1\n",
+      "u01=0.0\n",
+      "u21=1.0/8.0\n",
+      "u11=(u21+u01)/6.0\n",
+      "print \" u11=%f\\n\\n\" % (u11)\n",
+      "print \"error is %f\\n\\n\" % (math.fabs(u11-z))\n",
+      "#h=1/4,l=1/8,i=1,2,3\n",
+      "A=matrix([[-3.0 ,-1.0 ,0.0],[1.0,-3.0,1.0],[0.0,1.0,-3.0]])\n",
+      "C=matrix([[0.0],[0.0],[-0.125]])\n",
+      "#here we found inverese of A then we multipy it with C\n",
+      "X=A.I*C\n",
+      "print \"u12=%f\\n\\n\" % (X[1][0])\n",
+      "print \"error is %f\\n\\n\" %(math.fabs(X[1][0]-z))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " u11=0.020833\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "error is 0.002053\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "u12=0.013889\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "error is 0.004891\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter1_12.ipynb b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter1_12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81bb2dc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter1_12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:bd492601bf0cbf93169a7f4f37f7f64caba9f8e22a4fc5648e6c332b00f367f3"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter01:Errors in Numerical Calculations"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.1:pg-7"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 1.1\n",
+      "#rounding off\n",
+      "#page 7\n",
+      "a1=1.6583\n",
+      "a2=30.0567\n",
+      "a3=0.859378\n",
+      "a4=3.14159\n",
+      "print \"\\nthe numbers after rounding to 4 significant figures are given below\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"    %f       %.4g\\n'\" %(a1,a1)\n",
+      "print \"    %f       %.4g\\n\" %(a2,a2)\n",
+      "print \"    %f       %.4g\\n\" %(a3,a3)\n",
+      "print \"    %f       %.4g\\n\" %(a4,a4)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "the numbers after rounding to 4 significant figures are given below\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    1.658300       1.658\n",
+        "'\n",
+        "    30.056700       30.06\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    0.859378       0.8594\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    3.141590       3.142\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.2:pg-9"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 1.2\n",
+      "#percentage accuracy\n",
+      "#page 9\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=0.51 # the number given\n",
+      "n=2 #correcting upto 2 decimal places\n",
+      "d=math.pow(10,-n)\n",
+      "d=d/2.0\n",
+      "p=(d/x)*100 #percentage accuracy\n",
+      "print \"the percentage accuracy of %f after correcting to two decimal places is %f\" %(x,p)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the percentage accuracy of 0.510000 after correcting to two decimal places is 0.980392\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.3:pg-9"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 1.3\n",
+      "#absolute and relative errors\n",
+      "#page 9\n",
+      "X=3.1428571 #approximate value of pi\n",
+      "T_X=3.1415926 # true value of pi\n",
+      "A_E=T_X-X #absolute error\n",
+      "R_E=A_E/T_X #relative error\n",
+      "print \"Absolute Error = %0.7f \\n Relative Error = %0.7f\" %(A_E,R_E)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Absolute Error = -0.0012645 \n",
+        " Relative Error = -0.0004025\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.4:pg-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 1.4\n",
+      "#best approximation\n",
+      "#page 10\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "X=1/3 #the actual number\n",
+      "X1=0.30\n",
+      "X2=0.33\n",
+      "X3=0.34\n",
+      "E1=abs(X-X1)\n",
+      "E2=abs(X-X2)\n",
+      "E3=abs(X-X3)\n",
+      "if E1<E2:\n",
+      "        if E1<E3:\n",
+      "                B_A=X1\n",
+      "elif E2<E1:\n",
+      "          if E2<E3:\n",
+      "                   B_A=X2\n",
+      "elif E3<E2:\n",
+      "           if E3<E1:\n",
+      "                    B_A=X3\n",
+      "print \"the best approximation of 1/3 is %f\" %(B_A)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the best approximation of 1/3 is 0.300000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.5:pg-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#relative error\n",
+      "#example 1.5\n",
+      "#page 10\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "n=8.6 # the corrected number\n",
+      "N=1 #the no is rounded to one decimal places\n",
+      "E_A=math.pow(10,-N)/2\n",
+      "E_R=E_A/n\n",
+      "print \"the relative error of the number is:%0.4f\" %(E_R)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the relative error of the number is:0.0058\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.6:pg-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 1.6\n",
+      "#absolute error and relative error\n",
+      "#page 10\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "s=math.sqrt(3)+math.sqrt(5)+math.sqrt(7)  #the sum square root of 3,5,7\n",
+      "n=4\n",
+      "Ea=3*(math.pow(10,-n)/2)  #absolute error\n",
+      "R_E=Ea/s\n",
+      "print \"the sum of square roots  is %0.4g \\n\" %(s)\n",
+      "print \"the absolute error is %f \\n\" %(Ea)\n",
+      "print \"the relative error is %f\" %(R_E)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the sum of square roots  is 6.614 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "the absolute error is 0.000150 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "the relative error is 0.000023\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.7:pg-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#absolute error\n",
+      "#example 1.7\n",
+      "#page 10\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "n=[0.1532, 15.45, 0.0000354, 305.1, 8.12, 143.3, 0.0212, 0.643, 0.1734]   #original numbers\n",
+      "#rounding all numbers to 2 decimal places\n",
+      "n=[305.1, 143.3, 0.15,15.45, 0.00, 8.12, 0.02, 0.64, 0.17] \n",
+      "sum=0;\n",
+      "#l=length(n);\n",
+      "for i in range(len(n)):\n",
+      "    sum=sum+n[i];\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E_A=2*math.pow(10,-1)/2+7*math.pow(10,-2)/2\n",
+      "print \"the absolute error is:%0.2f\" %(E_A)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the absolute error is:0.14\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.8:pg-11"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#difference in 3 significant figures\n",
+      "#example 1.8\n",
+      "#page 11\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "X1=math.sqrt(6.37)\n",
+      "X2=math.sqrt(6.36)\n",
+      "d=X1-X2  #difference between two numbers\n",
+      "print \"the difference corrected to 3 significant figures is %0.3g\" %(d)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the difference corrected to 3 significant figures is 0.00198\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.9:pg-12"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#relative error\n",
+      "#example 1.10\n",
+      "#page 12\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "a=6.54\n",
+      "b=48.64\n",
+      "c=13.5\n",
+      "da=0.01\n",
+      "db=0.02\n",
+      "dc=0.03\n",
+      "s=math.pow(a,2)*math.sqrt(b)/math.pow(c,3)\n",
+      "print \"s=%f\" %(s)\n",
+      "r_err=2*(da/a)+(db/b)/2+3*(dc/c)\n",
+      "print \"the relative error is :%f\" %(r_err)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "s=0.121241\n",
+        "the relative error is :0.009930\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.11:pg-13"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#relative error\n",
+      "#example 1.11\n",
+      "#page 13\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=1\n",
+      "y=1\n",
+      "z=1\n",
+      "u=(5*x*math.pow(y,3))/math.pow(z,3)\n",
+      "dx=0.001\n",
+      "dy=0.001\n",
+      "dz=0.001\n",
+      "max=((5*math.pow(y,2))/math.pow(z,3))*dx+((10*x*y)/math.pow(z,3))*dy+((15*x*math.pow(y,2))/math.pow(z,4))*dz\n",
+      "e=max/u\n",
+      "print \" the relative error is :%f\" %(e)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " the relative error is :0.006000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.12:pg-12"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#taylor series\n",
+      "#example 1.12\n",
+      "#page 12\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "      return math.pow(x,3)+5*x-10\n",
+      "def f1(x):\n",
+      "    return 3*math.pow(x,2)-6*x+5\n",
+      "def f2(x):\n",
+      "    return 6*x-6\n",
+      "def f3(x):\n",
+      "    return 6\n",
+      "D=[0,f(0), f1(0), f2(0), f3(0)]\n",
+      "S1=0;\n",
+      "h=1;\n",
+      "for i in range(1,5):\n",
+      "    S1=S1+math.pow(h,i-1)*D[i]/math.factorial(i-1)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "print \"the third order taylors series approximation of f(1) is :%d\" %(S1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the third order taylors series approximation of f(1) is :-7\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.13:pg-16"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#taylor series\n",
+      "#example 1.13\n",
+      "#page 16\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return math.sin(x)\n",
+      "def f1(x):\n",
+      "    return math.cos(x)\n",
+      "def f2(x):\n",
+      "    return -1*math.sin(x)\n",
+      "def f3(x):\n",
+      "    return -1*math.cos(x)\n",
+      "def f4(x):\n",
+      "    return math.sin(x)\n",
+      "def f5(x):\n",
+      "    return math.cos(x)\n",
+      "def f6(x):\n",
+      "    return -1*math.sin(x)\n",
+      "def f7(x):\n",
+      "    return -1*math.cos(x)\n",
+      "D=[0,f(math.pi/6), f1(math.pi/6), f2(math.pi/6), f3(math.pi/6), f4(math.pi/6), f5(math.pi/6), f6(math.pi/6), f7(math.pi/6)]\n",
+      "S1=0\n",
+      "h=math.pi/6\n",
+      "print \"order of approximation  computed value of sin(pi/3)   absolute eror\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "for j in range(1,10):\n",
+      "                for i in range(1,j):\n",
+      "                          S1=S1+math.pow(h,i-1)*D[i]/math.factorial(i-1)                \n",
+      "                print \"%d                       %0.9f                        %0.9f\\n\" %(j,S1,abs(math.sin(math.pi/3)-S1))\n",
+      "                S1=0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "order of approximation  computed value of sin(pi/3)   absolute eror\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1                       0.000000000                        0.866025404\n",
+        "\n",
+        "2                       0.500000000                        0.366025404\n",
+        "\n",
+        "3                       0.953449841                        0.087424437\n",
+        "\n",
+        "4                       0.884910922                        0.018885518\n",
+        "\n",
+        "5                       0.864191614                        0.001833790\n",
+        "\n",
+        "6                       0.865757475                        0.000267929\n",
+        "\n",
+        "7                       0.866041490                        0.000016087\n",
+        "\n",
+        "8                       0.866027181                        0.000001777\n",
+        "\n",
+        "9                       0.866025327                        0.000000077\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.14:pg-18"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#maclaurins expansion\n",
+      "#example 1.14\n",
+      "#page 18\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "n=8  #correct to 8 decimal places\n",
+      "x=1\n",
+      "for i in range(1,50):\n",
+      "              if x/math.factorial(i)<math.pow(10,-8)/2:\n",
+      "                  c=i\n",
+      "                  break                                 \n",
+      "print \"no. of terms needed to correct to 8 decimal places is : %d \" %(c)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "no. of terms needed to correct to 8 decimal places is : 2 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex1.15:pg-18"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#series apprixamation\n",
+      "#example 1.15\n",
+      "#page 18\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=.09090909  # 1/11 =.09090909\n",
+      "S1=0\n",
+      "for i in range(1,5,2):\n",
+      "    S1=S1+math.pow(x,i)/i\n",
+      "print \"value of log(1.2) is : %0.8f\\n\\n\" %(2*S1)\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(1,50):\n",
+      "    if math.pow(.09090909,i)/i<2*math.pow(10,-7):\n",
+      "        c=i\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "print \"min no of terms needed to get value wuth same accuracy  is :%d\" %(c)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "value of log(1.2) is : 0.18231906\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "min no of terms needed to get value wuth same accuracy  is :6\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 74
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter2_10.ipynb b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter2_10.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de2ffe49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter2_10.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,2188 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:db08d9e0a10e9ce0d90e73a446fe0a4e03c97a59904a60427a6fc2721b68005f"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter02:Solution of Algebric and Transcendental Equations"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.1:pg-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.1\n",
+      "#bisection method\n",
+      "#page 24\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return math.pow(x,3)-x-1\n",
+      "x1=1\n",
+      "x2=2      #f(1) is negative and f(2) is positive\n",
+      "d=0.0001       #for accuracy of root\n",
+      "c=1\n",
+      "print \"Succesive approximations \\t   x1\\t   \\tx2\\t   \\tm\\t   \\tf(m)\\n\"\n",
+      "while abs(x1-x2)>d:\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    m=(x1+x2)/2.0\n",
+      "    print \"                          \\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\n\" %(x1,x2,m,f(m))\n",
+      "    if f(m)*f(x1)>0.0:\n",
+      "       x1=m\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "       x2=m \n",
+      "    c=c+1 # to count number of iterations \n",
+      "print \"the solution of equation after %i iteration is %g\" %(c,m)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Succesive approximations \t   x1\t   \tx2\t   \tm\t   \tf(m)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.000000\t2.000000\t1.500000\t0.875000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.000000\t1.500000\t1.250000\t-0.296875\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.250000\t1.500000\t1.375000\t0.224609\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.250000\t1.375000\t1.312500\t-0.051514\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.312500\t1.375000\t1.343750\t0.082611\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.312500\t1.343750\t1.328125\t0.014576\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.312500\t1.328125\t1.320312\t-0.018711\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.320312\t1.328125\t1.324219\t-0.002128\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.324219\t1.328125\t1.326172\t0.006209\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.324219\t1.326172\t1.325195\t0.002037\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.324219\t1.325195\t1.324707\t-0.000047\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.324707\t1.325195\t1.324951\t0.000995\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.324707\t1.324951\t1.324829\t0.000474\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.324707\t1.324829\t1.324768\t0.000214\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the solution of equation after 15 iteration is 1.32477'\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.2:pg-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.2\n",
+      "#bisection method\n",
+      "#page 25\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return math.pow(x,3)-2*x-5\n",
+      "x1=2 \n",
+      "x2=3   #f(2) is negative and f(3) is positive\n",
+      "d=0.0001   #for accuracy of root\n",
+      "c=1\n",
+      "print \"Succesive approximations \\t   x1\\t   \\tx2\\t   \\tm\\t   \\tf(m)\\n\"\n",
+      "while abs(x1-x2)>d:\n",
+      "    m=(x1+x2)/2.0\n",
+      "    print \"                          \\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\n\" %(x1,x2,m,f(m))\n",
+      "    if f(m)*f(x1)>0:\n",
+      "        x1=m\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x2=m \n",
+      "    c=c+1;# to count number of iterations \n",
+      "print \"the solution of equation after %i iteration is %0.4g\" %(c,m)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Succesive approximations \t   x1\t   \tx2\t   \tm\t   \tf(m)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.000000\t3.000000\t2.500000\t5.625000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.000000\t2.500000\t2.250000\t1.890625\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.000000\t2.250000\t2.125000\t0.345703\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.000000\t2.125000\t2.062500\t-0.351318\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.062500\t2.125000\t2.093750\t-0.008942\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.093750\t2.125000\t2.109375\t0.166836\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.093750\t2.109375\t2.101562\t0.078562\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.093750\t2.101562\t2.097656\t0.034714\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.093750\t2.097656\t2.095703\t0.012862\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.093750\t2.095703\t2.094727\t0.001954\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.093750\t2.094727\t2.094238\t-0.003495\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.094238\t2.094727\t2.094482\t-0.000771\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.094482\t2.094727\t2.094604\t0.000592\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t2.094482\t2.094604\t2.094543\t-0.000090\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the solution of equation after 15 iteration is 2.095\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.3:pg-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.3\n",
+      "#bisection method\n",
+      "#page 26\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "     return math.pow(x,3)+math.pow(x,2)+x+7\n",
+      "x1=-3\n",
+      "x2=-2      #f(-3) is negative and f(-2) is positive\n",
+      "d=0.0001   #for accuracy of root\n",
+      "c=1\n",
+      "print \"Succesive approximations \\t   x1\\t   \\tx2\\t   \\tm\\t   \\tf(m)\\n\"\n",
+      "while abs(x1-x2)>d:\n",
+      "    m=(x1+x2)/2.0\n",
+      "    print \"                          \\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\n\" %(x1,x2,m,f(m))\n",
+      "    if f(m)*f(x1)>0:\n",
+      "        x1=m\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x2=m \n",
+      "    c=c+1  # to count number of iterations \n",
+      "print \"the solution of equation after %i iteration is %0.4g\" %(c,m)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Succesive approximations \t   x1\t   \tx2\t   \tm\t   \tf(m)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-3.000000\t-2.000000\t-2.500000\t-4.875000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.500000\t-2.000000\t-2.250000\t-1.578125\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.250000\t-2.000000\t-2.125000\t-0.205078\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.125000\t-2.000000\t-2.062500\t0.417725\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.125000\t-2.062500\t-2.093750\t0.111481\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.125000\t-2.093750\t-2.109375\t-0.045498\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.109375\t-2.093750\t-2.101562\t0.033315\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.109375\t-2.101562\t-2.105469\t-0.006010\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.105469\t-2.101562\t-2.103516\t0.013673\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.105469\t-2.103516\t-2.104492\t0.003836\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.105469\t-2.104492\t-2.104980\t-0.001086\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.104980\t-2.104492\t-2.104736\t0.001376\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.104980\t-2.104736\t-2.104858\t0.000145\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t-2.104980\t-2.104858\t-2.104919\t-0.000470\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the solution of equation after 15 iteration is -2.105\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.4:pg-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.4\n",
+      "#bisection method\n",
+      "#page 26\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x*math.exp(x)-1\n",
+      "x1=0 \n",
+      "x2=1  #f(0) is negative and f(1) is positive\n",
+      "d=0.0005   #maximun tolerance value\n",
+      "c=1\n",
+      "print \"Succesive approximations \\t   x1\\t   \\tx2\\t   \\tm\\t   \\ttol\\t    \\tf(m)\\n\"\n",
+      "while abs((x2-x1)/x2)>d:\n",
+      "    m=(x1+x2)/2.0  #tolerance value for each iteration\n",
+      "    tol=((x2-x1)/x2)*100\n",
+      "    print \"                          \\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\n\" %(x1,x2,m,tol,f(m))\n",
+      "    if f(m)*f(x1)>0:\n",
+      "        x1=m\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x2=m \n",
+      "    c=c+1  # to count number of iterations \n",
+      "print \"the solution of equation after %i iteration is %0.4g\" %(c,m)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Succesive approximations \t   x1\t   \tx2\t   \tm\t   \ttol\t    \tf(m)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.000000\t1.000000\t0.500000\t100.000000\t-0.175639\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.500000\t1.000000\t0.750000\t50.000000\t0.587750\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.500000\t0.750000\t0.625000\t33.333333\t0.167654\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.500000\t0.625000\t0.562500\t20.000000\t-0.012782\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.562500\t0.625000\t0.593750\t10.000000\t0.075142\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.562500\t0.593750\t0.578125\t5.263158\t0.030619\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.562500\t0.578125\t0.570312\t2.702703\t0.008780\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.562500\t0.570312\t0.566406\t1.369863\t-0.002035\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.566406\t0.570312\t0.568359\t0.684932\t0.003364\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.566406\t0.568359\t0.567383\t0.343643\t0.000662\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.566406\t0.567383\t0.566895\t0.172117\t-0.000687\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.566895\t0.567383\t0.567139\t0.086059\t-0.000013\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the solution of equation after 13 iteration is 0.5671\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.5:pg-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.5\n",
+      "#bisection method\n",
+      "#page 27\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 4*math.exp(-x)*math.sin(x)-1\n",
+      "x1=0 \n",
+      "x2=0.5  #f(0) is negative and f(1) is positive\n",
+      "d=0.0001    #for accuracy of root\n",
+      "c=1 \n",
+      "print \"Succesive approximations \\t   x1\\t   \\tx2\\t   \\tm\\t   \\t    \\tf(m)\\n\"\n",
+      "while abs(x2-x1)>d:\n",
+      "    m=(x1+x2)/2.0\n",
+      "    print \"                          \\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\n\" %(x1,x2,m,f(m))\n",
+      "    if f(m)*f(x1)>0:\n",
+      "        x1=m\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x2=m \n",
+      "    c=c+1 # to count number of iterations \n",
+      "print \"the solution of equation after %i iteration is %0.3g\" %(c,m)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Succesive approximations \t   x1\t   \tx2\t   \tm\t   \t    \tf(m)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.000000\t0.500000\t0.250000\t-0.229286\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.250000\t0.500000\t0.375000\t0.006941\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.250000\t0.375000\t0.312500\t-0.100293\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.312500\t0.375000\t0.343750\t-0.044068\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.343750\t0.375000\t0.359375\t-0.017925\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.359375\t0.375000\t0.367188\t-0.005334\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.367188\t0.375000\t0.371094\t0.000842\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.367188\t0.371094\t0.369141\t-0.002236\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.369141\t0.371094\t0.370117\t-0.000694\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.370117\t0.371094\t0.370605\t0.000075\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.370117\t0.370605\t0.370361\t-0.000310\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.370361\t0.370605\t0.370483\t-0.000118\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.370483\t0.370605\t0.370544\t-0.000022\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the solution of equation after 14 iteration is 0.371\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.6:pg-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.6\n",
+      "#false position method\n",
+      "#page 28\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x**3-2*x-5\n",
+      "a=2.0\n",
+      "b=3.0      #f(2) is negative and f(3)is positive\n",
+      "d=0.00001\n",
+      "print \"succesive iterations    \\ta\\t    b\\t    f(a)\\t    f(b)\\t\\  x1\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(1,25):\n",
+      "    x1=b*f(a)/(f(a)-f(b))+a*f(b)/(f(b)-f(a))\n",
+      "    if(f(a)*f(x1))>0:\n",
+      "        b=x1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        a=x1\n",
+      "    if abs(f(x1))<d:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    print \"                        \\t%f  %f  %f  %f  %f\\n\" %(a,b,f(a),f(b),x1)\n",
+      "print \"the root of the equation is  %f\" %(x1)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "succesive iterations    \ta\t    b\t    f(a)\t    f(b)\t\\  x1\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                        \t2.000000  2.058824  -1.000000  -0.390800  2.058824\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                        \t2.096559  2.058824  0.022428  -0.390800  2.096559\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                        \t2.094511  2.058824  -0.000457  -0.390800  2.094511\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of the equation is  2.094552\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.7:pg-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.7\n",
+      "#false position method\n",
+      "#page 29\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x**2.2-69\n",
+      "a=5.0\n",
+      "b=6.0      #f(5) is negative and f(6)is positive\n",
+      "d=0.00001\n",
+      "print \"succesive iterations    \\ta\\t    b\\t    f(a)\\t    f(b)\\t\\  x1\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(1,25):\n",
+      "    x1=b*f(a)/(f(a)-f(b))+a*f(b)/(f(b)-f(a));\n",
+      "    if(f(a)*f(x1))>0:\n",
+      "        b=x1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        a=x1\n",
+      "    if abs(f(x1))<d:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    print \"                         \\t%f  %f  %f  %f  %f\\n\" %(a,b,f(a),f(b),x1)\n",
+      "print \"the root of the equation is  %f\" %(x1)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "succesive iterations    \ta\t    b\t    f(a)\t    f(b)\t\\  x1\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t7.027228  6.000000  3.933141  -17.485113  7.027228\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t6.838593  6.000000  -0.304723  -17.485113  6.838593\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t6.853467  6.000000  0.024411  -17.485113  6.853467\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t6.852277  6.000000  -0.001950  -17.485113  6.852277\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t6.852372  6.000000  0.000156  -17.485113  6.852372\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t6.852365  6.000000  -0.000012  -17.485113  6.852365\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of the equation is  6.852365\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.8:pg-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.8\n",
+      "#false position method\n",
+      "#page 29\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 2*x-log10(x)-7\n",
+      "a=3.0\n",
+      "b=4.0         #f(3) is negative and f(4)is positive\n",
+      "d=0.00001\n",
+      "print \"succesive iterations    \\ta    \\t    b\\t      f(a)\\t    f(b)\\t      x1\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(1,25):\n",
+      "    x1=b*f(a)/(f(a)-f(b))+a*f(b)/(f(b)-f(a))\n",
+      "    if(f(a)*f(x1))>0:\n",
+      "        b=x1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        a=x1\n",
+      "    if abs(f(x1))<d:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    print \"                    \\t%f  %f  %f  %f  %f\\n\" %(a,b,f(a),f(b),x1)\n",
+      "print \"the root of the equation is  %0.4g\" %(x1)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "succesive iterations    \ta    \t    b\t      f(a)\t    f(b)\t      x1\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                    \t3.000000  3.787772  -1.477121  -0.002839  3.787772\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                    \t3.789289  3.787772  0.000021  -0.002839  3.789289\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of the equation is  3.789\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.9:pg-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.9\n",
+      "#false position method\n",
+      "#page 30\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 4*math.exp(-x)*math.sin(x)-1\n",
+      "a=0.0\n",
+      "b=0.5   #f(0) is negative and f(0.5)is positive\n",
+      "d=0.00001\n",
+      "print \"succesive iterations    \\ta\\t    b\\t    f(a)\\t    f(b)\\t\\  x1\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(1,25):\n",
+      "    x1=b*f(a)/(f(a)-f(b))+a*f(b)/(f(b)-f(a))\n",
+      "    if(f(a)*f(x1))>0:\n",
+      "        b=x1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        a=x1\n",
+      "    if abs(f(x1))<d:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    print \"                          \\t%f  %f  %f  %f  %f\\n\" %(a,b,f(a),f(b),x1)\n",
+      "print \"the root of the equation is  %f\" %(x1)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "succesive iterations    \ta\t    b\t    f(a)\t    f(b)\t\\  x1\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.429869  0.500000  0.084545  0.163145  0.429869\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.354433  0.500000  -0.026054  0.163145  0.354433\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.374479  0.500000  0.006132  0.163145  0.374479\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.369577  0.500000  -0.001547  0.163145  0.369577\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.370802  0.500000  0.000384  0.163145  0.370802\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.370497  0.500000  -0.000096  0.163145  0.370497\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.370573  0.500000  0.000024  0.163145  0.370573\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of the equation is  0.370554\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.10:pg-33"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.10\n",
+      "#iteration method\n",
+      "#page 33\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 1/(math.sqrt(x+1))\n",
+      "x1=0.75\n",
+      "x2=0.0\n",
+      "n=1\n",
+      "d=0.0001 #accuracy opto 10^-4\n",
+      "c=0 #to count no of iterations \n",
+      "print \"successive iterations \\t\\x01\\tf(x1)\\n\"\n",
+      "while abs(x1-x2)>d:\n",
+      "    print \"                       \\t%f    %f\\n\" %(x1,f(x1))\n",
+      "    x2=x1\n",
+      "    x1=f(x1)\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "print \" the root of the eqaution after %i iteration is %0.4g\" %(c,x1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations \t\u0001\tf(x1)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.750000    0.755929\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.755929    0.754652\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.754652    0.754926\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.754926    0.754867\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the root of the eqaution after 4 iteration is 0.7549\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.11:pg-34"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.11\n",
+      "#iteration method\n",
+      "#page34\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return cos(x)/2.0+3.0/2.0\n",
+      "x1=1.5    # as roots lies between 3/2 and pi/2\n",
+      "x2=0\n",
+      "d=0.0001  # accuracy opto 10^-4\n",
+      "c=0 # to count no of iterations \n",
+      "print \"successive iterations \\t\\x01\\tf(x1)\\n\"\n",
+      "while abs(x2-x1)>d:\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    print \"                      \\t%f    %f\\n\" %(x1,f(x1))\n",
+      "    x2=x1\n",
+      "    x1=f(x1)\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "print \" the root of the eqaution after %i iteration is %0.4g\" %(c,x1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations \t\u0001\tf(x1)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.500000    1.535369\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.535369    1.517710\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.517710    1.526531\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.526531    1.522126\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.522126    1.524326\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.524326    1.523227\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.523227    1.523776\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.523776    1.523502\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.523502    1.523639\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.523639    1.523570\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the root of the eqaution after 10 iteration is 1.524\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.12:pg-35"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.12\n",
+      "#iteration method\n",
+      "#page 35\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return math.exp(-x)\n",
+      "x1=1.5 # as roots lies between 0 and 1\n",
+      "x2=0\n",
+      "d=0.0001   # accuracy opto 10^-4\n",
+      "c=0    # to count no of iterations \n",
+      "print \"successive iterations \\t   x1 \\t         f(x1)\\n\"\n",
+      "while abs(x2-x1)>d:\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    print \"                       \\t%f    %f\\n\" %(x1,f(x1))\n",
+      "    x2=x1\n",
+      "    x1=f(x1)\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "print \"  the root of the eqaution after %i iteration is %0.4g\" %(c,x1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations \t   x1 \t         f(x1)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t1.500000    0.223130\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.223130    0.800011\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.800011    0.449324\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.449324    0.638059\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.638059    0.528317\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.528317    0.589597\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.589597    0.554551\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.554551    0.574330\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.574330    0.563082\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.563082    0.569451\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.569451    0.565836\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.565836    0.567885\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.567885    0.566723\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.566723    0.567382\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.567382    0.567008\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.567008    0.567220\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.567220    0.567100\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t0.567100    0.567168\n",
+        "\n",
+        "  the root of the eqaution after 18 iteration is 0.5672\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 34
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.13:pg-35"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.13\n",
+      "#iteration method\n",
+      "#page 35\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 1+math.sin(x)/10\n",
+      "x1=1.0      # as roots lies between 1 and pi evident from graph\n",
+      "x2=0\n",
+      "d=0.0001     # accuracy opto 10^-4\n",
+      "c=0    # to count no of iterations \n",
+      "print \"successive iterations \\t   x1 \\t    f(x1)\\n\"\n",
+      "while abs(x2-x1)>d:\n",
+      "    print \"                       \\t%f  %f\\n\" %(x1,f(x1))\n",
+      "    x2=x1\n",
+      "    x1=f(x1)\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "print \" the root of the eqaution after %i iteration is %0.4g\" %(c,x1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations \t   x1 \t    f(x1)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t1.000000  1.084147\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t1.084147  1.088390\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t1.088390  1.088588\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                       \t1.088588  1.088597\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the root of the eqaution after 4 iteration is 1.089\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.14:pg-36"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.14\n",
+      "#aitken's process\n",
+      "#page 36\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 1.5+math.cos(x)/2.0\n",
+      "x0=1.5\n",
+      "y=0\n",
+      "e=0.0001\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "print \"successive iterations     \\t  x0 \\t      x1 \\t       x2 \\t        x3 \\t      y\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(1,10):\n",
+      "    x1=f(x0)\n",
+      "    x2=f(x1)\n",
+      "    x3=f(x2)\n",
+      "    y=x3-((x3-x2)**2)/(x3-2*x2+x1)\n",
+      "    d=y-x0\n",
+      "    x0=y\n",
+      "    if abs(f(x0))<e:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "    print \"                          \\t%f   %f   %f   %f   %f\\n\" %(x0,x1,x2,x3,y)\n",
+      "print \"the root of the equation after %i iteration is %f\" %(c,y)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations     \t  x0 \t      x1 \t       x2 \t        x3 \t      y\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.523592   1.535369   1.517710   1.526531   1.523592\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593   1.523593\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of the equation after 9 iteration is 1.523593\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 42
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.15:pg-39"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.15\n",
+      "#newton-raphson method\n",
+      "#page 39\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x**3-2*x-5\n",
+      "def f1(x):\n",
+      "    return 3*x**2-2    # first derivative of the function\n",
+      "x0=2.0       # initial value\n",
+      "d=0.0001\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "n=1\n",
+      "print \"successive iterations \\t x0 \\t        f(x0) \\t        f1(x0)\\n\"\n",
+      "while n==1:\n",
+      "    x2=x0\n",
+      "    x1=x0-(f(x0)/f1(x0))\n",
+      "    x0=x1\n",
+      "    print \"                      \\t%f   \\t%f   \\t%f   \\n\" %(x2,f(x1),f1(x1))\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "    if abs(f(x0))<d:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "print \"the root of %i iteration is:%f\" %(c,x0)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations \t x0 \t        f(x0) \t        f1(x0)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t2.000000   \t0.061000   \t11.230000   \n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t2.100000   \t0.000186   \t11.161647   \n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t2.094568   \t0.000000   \t11.161438   \n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of 3 iteration is:2.094551\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 44
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.16:pg-40"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.16\n",
+      "#newton-raphson method\n",
+      "#page 40\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x*math.sin(x)+math.cos(x)\n",
+      "def f1(x):\n",
+      "    return x*math.cos(x)   #first derivation of the function\n",
+      "x0=math.pi   # initial value\n",
+      "d=0.0001\n",
+      "c=0 \n",
+      "n=1\n",
+      "print \"successive iterations \\tx0\\t        f(x0)\\t        f1(x0)\\n\"\n",
+      "while n==1:\n",
+      "    x2=x0\n",
+      "    x1=x0-(f(x0)/f1(x0))\n",
+      "    x0=x1\n",
+      "    print \"                      \\t%f  \\t%f  \\t%f\\n\" %(x2,f(x1),f1(x1))\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "    if abs(f(x0))<d:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "print \"the root of %i iteration is:%f\" %(c,x0)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations \tx0\t        f(x0)\t        f1(x0)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t3.141593  \t-0.066186  \t-2.681457\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t2.823283  \t-0.000564  \t-2.635588\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t2.798600  \t-0.000000  \t-2.635185\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of 3 iteration is:2.798386\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 46
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.17:pg-40"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.17\n",
+      "#newton-raphson method\n",
+      "#page 40\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x*math.exp(x)-1\n",
+      "def f1(x):\n",
+      "    return math.exp(x)+x*math.exp(x)   #first derivative of the function\n",
+      "x0=0       # initial value\n",
+      "d=0.0001 \n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "n=1\n",
+      "print \"successive iterations \\tx0\\t        f(x0)\\t        f1(x0)\\n\"\n",
+      "while n==1:\n",
+      "    x2=x0\n",
+      "    x1=x0-(f(x0)/f1(x0))\n",
+      "    x0=x1\n",
+      "    print \"                      \\t%f   \\t%f   \\t%f\\n\" %(x2,f(x1),f1(x1))\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "    if abs(f(x0))<d:\n",
+      "      break\n",
+      "print \"the root of %i iteration is:%f\" %(c,x0)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations \tx0\t        f(x0)\t        f1(x0)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t0.000000   \t1.718282   \t5.436564\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.000000   \t0.355343   \t3.337012\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t0.683940   \t0.028734   \t2.810232\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t0.577454   \t0.000239   \t2.763614\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t0.567230   \t0.000000   \t2.763223\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of 5 iteration is:0.567143\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 48
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.18:pg-41"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.18\n",
+      "#newton-raphson method\n",
+      "#page 41\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "   return math.sin(x)-x/2.0\n",
+      "def f1(x):\n",
+      "    return math.cos(x)-0.5\n",
+      "x0=math.pi/2.0 # initial value\n",
+      "d=0.0001\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "n=1\n",
+      "print \"successive iterations \\t x0 \\t        f(x0)\\t        f1(x0)\\n\"\n",
+      "while n==1:\n",
+      "    x2=x0\n",
+      "    x1=x0-(f(x0)/f1(x0))\n",
+      "    x0=x1\n",
+      "    print \"                      \\t%f\\t%f\\t%f\\n\" %(x2,f(x1),f1(x1))\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "    if abs(f(x0))<d:\n",
+      "       break\n",
+      "print \"the root of %i iteration is: %0.4g\" %(c,x0)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations \t x0 \t        f(x0)\t        f1(x0)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.570796\t-0.090703\t-0.916147\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t2.000000\t-0.004520\t-0.824232\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t1.900996\t-0.000014\t-0.819039\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of 3 iteration is: 1.896\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 51
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.19:pg-41"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.19\n",
+      "#newton-raphson method\n",
+      "#page 41\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 4*math.exp(-x)*math.sin(x)-1\n",
+      "def f1(x):\n",
+      "    return math.cos(x)*4*math.exp(-x)-4*math.exp(-x)*math.sin(x)\n",
+      "x0=0.2  # initial value\n",
+      "d=0.0001\n",
+      "c=0 \n",
+      "n=1\n",
+      "print \"successive iterations \\t x0 \\t        f(x0)\\t        f1(x0)\\n\"\n",
+      "while n==1:\n",
+      "    x2=x0\n",
+      "    x1=x0-(f(x0)/f1(x0))\n",
+      "    x0=x1\n",
+      "    print \"                      \\t%f  \\t%f    \\t%f\\n\" %(x2,f(x1),f1(x1))\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "    if abs(f(x0))<d:\n",
+      "       break \n",
+      "print \"the root of %i iteration is: %0.3g\" %(c,x0)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations \t x0 \t        f(x0)\t        f1(x0)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t0.200000  \t-0.056593    \t1.753325\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t0.336526  \t-0.002769    \t1.583008\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                      \t0.368804  \t-0.000008    \t1.573993\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of 3 iteration is: 0.371\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 54
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.20:pg-42"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.20\n",
+      "#generalized newton-raphson method\n",
+      "#page 42\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x**3-x**2-x+1\n",
+      "def f1(x):\n",
+      "    return 3*x**2-2*x-1\n",
+      "def f2(x):\n",
+      "    return 6*x-2\n",
+      "x0=0.8   # initial value to finf double root\n",
+      "n=1 \n",
+      "print \"successive iterations   \\t x0   \\t      x1\\t       x2\\n\"\n",
+      "while n==1:\n",
+      "    x1=x0-(f(x0)/f1(x0));\n",
+      "    x2=x0-(f1(x0)/f2(x0));\n",
+      "    if abs(x1-x2)<0.000000001:\n",
+      "        x0=(x1+x2)/2.0\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x0=(x1+x2)/2;\n",
+      "    print \"                          %f\\t  %f\\t  %f\\n\" %(x0,x1,x2)\n",
+      "print \"\\n \\nthe double root is at: %f\" %(x0)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations   \t x0   \t      x1\t       x2\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          0.974370\t  0.905882\t  1.042857\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          0.993890\t  0.987269\t  1.000512\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          0.998489\t  0.996950\t  1.000028\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          0.999623\t  0.999245\t  1.000002\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          0.999906\t  0.999812\t  1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          0.999976\t  0.999953\t  1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          0.999994\t  0.999988\t  1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          0.999999\t  0.999997\t  1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          1.000000\t  0.999999\t  1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          1.000000\t  1.000000\t  1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          1.000000\t  1.000000\t  1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          1.000000\t  1.000000\t  1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          1.000000\t  1.000000\t  1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " \n",
+        "the double root is at: 1.000000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 57
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.21:pg-45"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ramanujan's method\n",
+      "#example 2.21\n",
+      "#page 45\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 1-(13.0/12.0)*x-(3.0/8.0)*x**2+(1.0/24.0)*x**3\n",
+      "a1=13.0/12.0\n",
+      "a2=-3.0/8.0\n",
+      "a3=1.0/24.0\n",
+      "b1=1\n",
+      "b2=a1\n",
+      "b3=a1*b2+a2*b1\n",
+      "b4=a1*b3+a2*b2+a3*b1\n",
+      "b5=a1*b4+a2*b3+a3*b2\n",
+      "b6=a1*b5+a2*b4+a3*b3\n",
+      "b7=a1*b6+a2*b5+a3*b4\n",
+      "b8=a1*b7+a2*b6+a3*b5\n",
+      "b9=a1*b8+a2*b7+a3*b6\n",
+      "print \"\\n\\n%f\" %(b1/b2)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b2/b3)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b3/b4)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b4/b5)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b5/b6)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b6/b7)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b7/b8)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b8/b9)\n",
+      "print \"\\n it appears as if the roots are converging at 2\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.923077\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.356522\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.595376\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.738402\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.828184\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.886130\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.924153\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.949345\n",
+        "\n",
+        " it appears as if the roots are converging at 2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.22:pg-46"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ramanujan's method\n",
+      "#example 2.22\n",
+      "#page 46\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x+x**2+(x**3)/2.0+(x**4)/6.0+(x**5)/24.0\n",
+      "a1=1.0\n",
+      "a2=1.0\n",
+      "a3=1.0/2.0\n",
+      "a4=1.0/6.0\n",
+      "a5=1.0/24.0\n",
+      "b1=1\n",
+      "b2=a2\n",
+      "b3=a1*b2+a2*b1\n",
+      "b4=a1*b3+a2*b2+a3*b1\n",
+      "b5=a1*b4+a2*b3+a3*b2\n",
+      "b6=a1*b5+a2*b4+a3*b3\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b1/b2)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b2/b3)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b3/b4)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b4/b5)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b5/b6)\n",
+      "print \"\\n it appears as if the roots are converging at around %f\" %(b5/b6)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.500000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.571429\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.583333\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.571429\n",
+        "\n",
+        " it appears as if the roots are converging at around 0.571429\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.23:pg-47"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ramanujan's method\n",
+      "#example 2.23\n",
+      "#page 47\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 1-2*((3*x/2.0+(x**2)/4.0-(x**4)/48.0+(x**6)/1440.0)-(x**8)*2/80640.0)\n",
+      "a1=3/2\n",
+      "a2=1/4\n",
+      "a3=0\n",
+      "a4=1/48\n",
+      "a5=0\n",
+      "a6=1/1440\n",
+      "a7=0\n",
+      "a8=-1/80640\n",
+      "b1=1\n",
+      "b2=a1\n",
+      "b3=a1*b2+a2*b1\n",
+      "b4=a1*b3+a2*b2+a3*b1\n",
+      "b5=a1*b4+a2*b3+a3*b2\n",
+      "b6=a1*b5+a2*b4+a3*b3\n",
+      "b7=a1*b6+a2*b5+a3*b4\n",
+      "b8=a1*b7+a2*b6+a3*b5\n",
+      "b9=a1*b8+a2*b7+a3*b6\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b1/b2)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b2/b3)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b3/b4)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b4/b5)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b5/b6)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b6/b7)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b7/b8)\n",
+      "print \"\\n it appears as if the roots are converging at around %f\" %(b7/b8)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "0.666667\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.600000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.606061\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.605505\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.605556\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.605551\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.605551\n",
+        "\n",
+        " it appears as if the roots are converging at around 0.605551\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.24:pg-47"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ramanujan's method\n",
+      "#example 2.24\n",
+      "#page 47\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 1-(x-x**2.0/math.factorial(2.0)**2.0+x**3.0/math.factorial(3.0)**2.0-x**4.0/math.factorial(4.0)**2.0)\n",
+      "a1=1\n",
+      "a2=-1/math.factorial(2.0)**2.0\n",
+      "a3=1/math.factorial(3.0)**2.0\n",
+      "a4=-1/math.factorial(4.0)**2.0\n",
+      "a5=-1/math.factorial(5.0)**2.0\n",
+      "a6=1/math.factorial(6.0)**2.0\n",
+      "b1=1\n",
+      "b2=a1\n",
+      "b3=a1*b2+a2*b1\n",
+      "b4=a1*b3+a2*b2+a3*b1\n",
+      "b5=a1*b4+a2*b3+a3*b2\n",
+      "print \"\\n\\n%f\" %(b1/b2)\n",
+      "print \"\\n\\n%f\" %(b2/b3)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b3/b4)\n",
+      "print \"\\n%f\" %(b4/b5)\n",
+      "print \"\\n it appears as if the roots are converging at around %f\" %(b4/b5)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.333333\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.421053\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.433962\n",
+        "\n",
+        " it appears as if the roots are converging at around 1.433962\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.25:pg-49"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.25\n",
+      "#secant method\n",
+      "#page 49\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x**3-2*x-5\n",
+      "x1=2\n",
+      "x2=3   # initial values\n",
+      "n=1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "print \"successive iterations    \\t x1          \\t x2 \\t       x3 \\t        f(x3)\\n\"\n",
+      "while n==1:\n",
+      "    x3=(x1*f(x2)-x2*f(x1))/(f(x2)-f(x1)) \n",
+      "    print \"                         \\t%f   \\t%f  \\t%f  \\t%f\\n\" %(x1,x2,x3,f(x3))\n",
+      "    if f(x3)*f(x1)>0:\n",
+      "        x2=x3;\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x1=x3   \n",
+      "    if abs(f(x3))<0.000001: \n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "print \"the root of the equation after %i iteration is: %f\" %(c,x3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations    \t x1          \t x2 \t       x3 \t        f(x3)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t2.000000   \t3.000000  \t2.058824  \t-0.390800\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t2.000000   \t2.058824  \t2.096559  \t0.022428\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t2.096559   \t2.058824  \t2.094511  \t-0.000457\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t2.094511   \t2.058824  \t2.094552  \t0.000009\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                         \t2.094552   \t2.058824  \t2.094551  \t-0.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of the equation after 4 iteration is: 2.094551\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.26:pg-50"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.26\n",
+      "#secant method\n",
+      "#page 50\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x*math.exp(x)-1\n",
+      "x1=0\n",
+      "x2=1 # initial values\n",
+      "n=1\n",
+      "c=0 \n",
+      "print \"successive iterations    \\t x1          \\t x2 \\t       x3 \\t        f(x3)\\n\"\n",
+      "while n==1:\n",
+      "    x3=(x1*f(x2)-x2*f(x1))/(f(x2)-f(x1)) \n",
+      "    print \"                          \\t%f   \\t%f  \\t%f  \\t%f\\n\" %(x1,x2,x3,f(x3))\n",
+      "    if f(x3)*f(x1)>0:\n",
+      "        x2=x3\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x1=x3    \n",
+      "    if abs(f(x3))<0.0001:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "print \"the root of the equation after %i iteration is: %0.4g\" %(c,x3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations    \t x1          \t x2 \t       x3 \t        f(x3)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.000000   \t1.000000  \t0.367879  \t-0.468536\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.000000   \t0.367879  \t0.692201  \t0.383091\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.692201   \t0.367879  \t0.546310  \t-0.056595\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.546310   \t0.367879  \t0.570823  \t0.010200\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.570823   \t0.367879  \t0.566500  \t-0.001778\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.566500   \t0.367879  \t0.567256  \t0.000312\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                          \t0.567256   \t0.367879  \t0.567124  \t-0.000055\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the root of the equation after 6 iteration is: 0.5671\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.27:pg-52"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# example 2.27\n",
+      "#mulller's method\n",
+      "#page 52\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x**3-x-1\n",
+      "x0=0\n",
+      "x1=1\n",
+      "x2=2        # initial values\n",
+      "n=1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "print \"successive iterations     \\t x0     \\t      x1 \\t       x2 \\t      f(x0)\\t       f(x1)\\t    f(x2)\\n\"\n",
+      "while n==1:   \n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "    y0=f(x0)\n",
+      "    y1=f(x1)\n",
+      "    y2=f(x2)\n",
+      "    h2=x2-x1\n",
+      "    h1=x1-x0\n",
+      "    d2=f(x2)-f(x1)\n",
+      "    d1=f(x1)-f(x0)\n",
+      "    print \"                            \\t%f\\t  %f\\t  %f\\t  %f\\t  %f\\t  %f\\n\" %(x0,x1,x2,f(x0),f(x1),f(x2))\n",
+      "    A=(d2/h2-d1/h1)/(h1+h2)\n",
+      "    B=d2/h2+A*h2\n",
+      "    S=math.sqrt(B**2-4*A*f(x2))\n",
+      "    x3=x2-(2*f(x2))/(B+S)\n",
+      "    E=abs((x3-x2)/x2)*100\n",
+      "    if E<0.003:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        if c==1:\n",
+      "            x2=x3\n",
+      "        if c==2:\n",
+      "            x1=x2\n",
+      "            x2=x3\n",
+      "        if c==3:\n",
+      "            x0=x1\n",
+      "            x1=x2\n",
+      "            x2=x3\n",
+      "        if c==3:\n",
+      "            c=0\n",
+      "print \"the required root is : %0.4f\" %(x3)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "successive iterations     \t x0     \t      x1 \t       x2 \t      f(x0)\t       f(x1)\t    f(x2)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                            \t0.000000\t  1.000000\t  2.000000\t  -1.000000\t  -1.000000\t  5.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                            \t0.000000\t  1.000000\t  1.263763\t  -1.000000\t  -1.000000\t  -0.245412\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                            \t0.000000\t  1.263763\t  1.331711\t  -1.000000\t  -0.245412\t  0.030015\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                            \t1.263763\t  1.331711\t  1.324583\t  -0.245412\t  0.030015\t  -0.000574\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                            \t1.263763\t  1.331711\t  1.324718\t  -0.245412\t  0.030015\t  -0.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the required root is : 1.3247\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.28:pg-55"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#graeffe's method\n",
+      "#example 2.28\n",
+      "#page 55\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x**3-6*(x**2)+11*x-6\n",
+      "print \"the equation is:\\n\"\n",
+      "A=[1, 14, 49, 36]   #coefficients of the above equation\n",
+      "print \"%0.4g\\n\" %(math.sqrt(A[3]/A[2]))\n",
+      "print \"%0.4g\\n\" %(math.sqrt(A[2]/A[1]))\n",
+      "print \"%0.4g\\n\" %(math.sqrt(A[1]/A[0]))\n",
+      "print \"the equation is:\\n\"\n",
+      "B=[1, 98, 1393, 1296]\n",
+      "print \"%0.4g\\n\" %((B[3]/B[2])**(1/4))\n",
+      "print \"%0.4g\\n\" %((B[2]/B[1])**(1/4))\n",
+      "print \"%0.4g\\n\" %((B[1]/B[0])**(1/4))\n",
+      "print \"It is apparent from the outputs that the roots converge at 1 2 3\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the equation is:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.8571\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.871\n",
+        "\n",
+        "3.742\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the equation is:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.9821\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.942\n",
+        "\n",
+        "3.146\n",
+        "\n",
+        "It is apparent from the outputs that the roots converge at 1 2 3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.29:pg-57"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#quadratic factor by lin's--bairsttow method\n",
+      "#example 2.29\n",
+      "#page 57\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x**3-x-1\n",
+      "a=[-1, -1, 0, 1]\n",
+      "r1=1\n",
+      "s1=1\n",
+      "b4=a[3]\n",
+      "def f3(r):\n",
+      "    return a[2]-r*a[3]\n",
+      "def f2(r,s):\n",
+      "    return a[1]-r*a[2]+r**2*a[3]-s*a[3]\n",
+      "def f1(r,s):\n",
+      "    return a[0]-s*a[2]+s*r*a[3]\n",
+      "A=matrix([[1,1],[2,-1]])\n",
+      "C=matrix([[0],[1]])\n",
+      "X=A.I*C\n",
+      "X1=[[ 0.33333333],[-0.33333333]]\n",
+      "dr=X1[0][0]\n",
+      "ds=X1[1][0]\n",
+      "r2=r1+dr\n",
+      "s2=s1+ds\n",
+      "#second pproximation\n",
+      "r1=r2\n",
+      "s1=s2\n",
+      "b11=f1(r2,s2)\n",
+      "b22=f2(r2,s2)\n",
+      "h=0.001\n",
+      "dr_b1=(f1(r1+h,s1)-f1(r1,s1))/h\n",
+      "ds_b1=(f1(r1,s1+h)-f1(r1,s1))/h\n",
+      "dr_b2=(f2(r1+h,s1)-f2(r1,s1))/h\n",
+      "ds_b2=(f2(r1,s1+h)-f2(r1,s1))/h\n",
+      "A=matrix([[dr_b1,ds_b1],[dr_b2,ds_b2]])\n",
+      "C=matrix([[-f1(r1,s1)],[-f2(r1,s2)]])\n",
+      "X=A.I*C\n",
+      "r2=r1+X[0][0]\n",
+      "s2=s1+X[1][0]\n",
+      "print \"roots correct to 3 decimal places are : %0.3f       %0.3f\" %(r2,s2)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "roots correct to 3 decimal places are : 1.325       0.754\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.31:pg-62"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#method of iteration\n",
+      "#example 2.31\n",
+      "#page 62\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x,y):\n",
+      "    return (3*y*x**2+7)/10\n",
+      "def g(x,y):\n",
+      "    return (y**2+4)/5\n",
+      "h=0.0001\n",
+      "x0=0.5\n",
+      "y0=0.5\n",
+      "f1_dx=(f(x0+h,y0)-f(x0,y0))/h\n",
+      "f1_dy=(f(x0,y0+h)-f(x0,y0))/h\n",
+      "g1_dx=(g(x0+h,y0)-g(x0,y0))/h\n",
+      "g1_dy=(g(x0+h,y0)-g(x0,y0))/h\n",
+      "if (f1_dx+f1_dy<1) and (g1_dx+g1_dy<1): \n",
+      "    print \"coditions for convergence is satisfied\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"X \\t              Y\\t\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(0,10):\n",
+      "    X=(3*y0*x0**2+7)/10\n",
+      "    Y=(y0**2+4)/5\n",
+      "    print \"%f\\t       %f\\t\\n\" %(X,Y)\n",
+      "    x0=X\n",
+      "    y0=Y\n",
+      "print \"\\n\\n CONVERGENCE AT (1 1) IS OBVIOUS\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "coditions for convergence is satisfied\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "X \t              Y\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.737500\t       0.850000\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.838696\t       0.944500\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.899312\t       0.978416\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.937391\t       0.991460\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.961360\t       0.996598\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.976320\t       0.998642\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.985572\t       0.999457\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.991247\t       0.999783\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.994707\t       0.999913\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.996807\t       0.999965\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " CONVERGENCE AT (1 1) IS OBVIOUS\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.32:pg-65"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#newton raphson metho\n",
+      "#example 2.32\n",
+      "#page 65\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "def f(x,y):\n",
+      "    return 3*y*x**2-10*x+7\n",
+      "def g(y):\n",
+      "    return y**2-5*y+4\n",
+      "hh=0.0001\n",
+      "x0=0.5\n",
+      "y0=0.5  #initial values\n",
+      "f0=f(x0,y0)\n",
+      "g0=g(y0)\n",
+      "df_dx=(f(x0+hh,y0)-f(x0,y0))/hh\n",
+      "df_dy=(f(x0,y0+hh)-f(x0,y0))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dx=(g(y0)-g(y0))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dy=(g(y0+hh)-g(y0))/hh\n",
+      "d=[[df_dx,df_dy],[dg_dx,dg_dy]]\n",
+      "D1=numpy.linalg.det(d)\n",
+      "dd=[[-f0,df_dy],[-g0,dg_dy]]\n",
+      "h=numpy.linalg.det(dd)/D1\n",
+      "ddd=[[df_dx,-f0],[dg_dx,-g0]]\n",
+      "k=numpy.linalg.det(ddd)/D1;\n",
+      "x1=x0+h\n",
+      "y1=y0+k\n",
+      "f0=f(x1,y1)\n",
+      "g0=g(y1)\n",
+      "df_dx=(f(x1+hh,y1)-f(x1,y1))/hh\n",
+      "df_dy=(f(x1,y1+hh)-f(x1,y1))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dx=(g(y1)-g(y1))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dy=(g(y1+hh)-g(y1))/hh\n",
+      "dddd=[[df_dx,df_dy],[dg_dx,dg_dy]]\n",
+      "D2=numpy.linalg.det(dddd)\n",
+      "ddddd=[[-f0,df_dy],[-g0,dg_dy]]\n",
+      "h=numpy.linalg.det(ddddd)/D2\n",
+      "d6=[[df_dx,-f0],[dg_dx,-g0]]\n",
+      "k=numpy.linalg.det(d6)/D2\n",
+      "x2=x1+h\n",
+      "y2=y1+k\n",
+      "print \" the roots of the equation are x2=%f and y2=%f\" %(x2,y2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " the roots of the equation are x2=0.970803 and y2=0.998752\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.33:pg-66"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#newton raphson method\n",
+      "#example 2.33\n",
+      "#page 66\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "def f(x,y):\n",
+      "    return x**2+y**2-1\n",
+      "def g(x,y):\n",
+      "    return y-x**2\n",
+      "hh=0.0001\n",
+      "x0=0.7071\n",
+      "y0=0.7071     #initial values\n",
+      "f0=f(x0,y0)\n",
+      "g0=g(x0,y0)\n",
+      "df_dx=(f(x0+hh,y0)-f(x0,y0))/hh\n",
+      "df_dy=(f(x0,y0+hh)-f(x0,y0))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dx=(g(x0+hh,y0)-g(x0,y0))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dy=(g(x0,y0+hh)-g(x0,y0))/hh\n",
+      "D1=numpy.linalg.det([[df_dx,df_dy],[dg_dx,dg_dy]])\n",
+      "h=numpy.linalg.det([[-f0,df_dy],[-g0,dg_dy]])/D1\n",
+      "k=numpy.linalg.det([[df_dx,-f0],[dg_dx,-g0]])/D1\n",
+      "x1=x0+h\n",
+      "y1=y0+k\n",
+      "f0=f(x1,y1)\n",
+      "g0=g(x1,y1)\n",
+      "df_dx=(f(x1+hh,y1)-f(x1,y1))/hh\n",
+      "df_dy=(f(x1,y1+hh)-f(x1,y1))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dx=(g(x1+hh,y1)-g(x1,y1))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dy=(g(x1,y1+hh)-g(x1,y1))/hh\n",
+      "D2=numpy.linalg.det([[df_dx,df_dy],[dg_dx,dg_dy]])\n",
+      "h=numpy.linalg.det([[-f0,df_dy],[-g0,dg_dy]])/D2\n",
+      "k=numpy.linalg.det([[df_dx,-f0],[dg_dx,-g0]])/D2\n",
+      "x2=x1+h\n",
+      "y2=y1+k\n",
+      "print \"the roots of the equation are x2=%f and y2=%f \" %(x2,y2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the roots of the equation are x2=0.786184 and y2=0.618039 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex2.34:pg-67"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#newton raphson method\n",
+      "#example 2.34\n",
+      "#page 67\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "def f(x,y):\n",
+      "    return math.sin(x)-y+0.9793\n",
+      "def g(x,y):\n",
+      "    return math.cos(y)-x+0.6703\n",
+      "hh=0.0001\n",
+      "x0=0.5\n",
+      "y0=1.5   #initial values\n",
+      "f0=f(x0,y0)\n",
+      "g0=g(x0,y0)\n",
+      "df_dx=(f(x0+hh,y0)-f(x0,y0))/hh\n",
+      "df_dy=(f(x0,y0+hh)-f(x0,y0))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dx=(g(x0+hh,y0)-g(x0,y0))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dy=(g(x0,y0+hh)-g(x0,y0))/hh\n",
+      "d1=[[df_dx,df_dy],[dg_dx,dg_dy]]\n",
+      "D1=numpy.linalg.det(d1)\n",
+      "d2=[[-f0,df_dy],[-g0,dg_dy]]\n",
+      "h=numpy.linalg.det(d2)/D1\n",
+      "d3=[[df_dx,-f0],[dg_dx,-g0]]\n",
+      "k=numpy.linalg.det(d3)/D1\n",
+      "x1=x0+h\n",
+      "y1=y0+k\n",
+      "f0=f(x1,y1)\n",
+      "g0=g(x1,y1)\n",
+      "df_dx=(f(x1+hh,y1)-f(x1,y1))/hh\n",
+      "df_dy=(f(x1,y1+hh)-f(x1,y1))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dx=(g(x1+hh,y1)-g(x1,y1))/hh\n",
+      "dg_dy=(g(x1,y1+hh)-g(x1,y1))/hh\n",
+      "d4=[[df_dx,df_dy],[dg_dx,dg_dy]]\n",
+      "D2=numpy.linalg.det(d4)\n",
+      "h=numpy.linalg.det([[-f0,df_dy],[-g0,dg_dy]])/D2\n",
+      "k=numpy.linalg.det([[df_dx,-f0],[dg_dx,-g0]])/D2\n",
+      "x2=x1+h\n",
+      "y2=y1+k\n",
+      "print \"the roots of the equation are x2=%0.4f and y2=%0.4f\" %(x2,y2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the roots of the equation are x2=0.6537 and y2=1.5874\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter3_10.ipynb b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter3_10.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dad72c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter3_10.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1140 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:f3a87b3d2c7e65a82c2b6c2ef43d896bb053726e9f90aaa76d80faf23cdf3a06"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter03:Interpolation"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.4:pg-86"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 3.4\n",
+      "#interpolation\n",
+      "#page 86\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "x=[1, 3, 5, 7]\n",
+      "y=[24, 120, 336, 720]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "h=2     #interval between values of x\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "d=[0,d1[0],d2[0],d3[0]]\n",
+      "x0=8   #value at 8\n",
+      "pp=1\n",
+      "y_x=y[0]\n",
+      "p=(x0-1)/2\n",
+      "for i in range(1,4):\n",
+      "    pp=1\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,i):\n",
+      "        pp=pp*(p-(j))  \n",
+      "    y_x=y_x+(pp*d[i])/math.factorial(i)\n",
+      "print \"value of function at %f is :%f\" %(x0,y_x)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "value of function at 8.000000 is :990.000000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.6:pg-87"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 3.6\n",
+      "#interpolation\n",
+      "#page 87\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40]\n",
+      "y=[0.2588190, 0.3420201, 0.4226183, 0.5, 0.5735764, 0.6427876]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0]\n",
+      "d5=[0]\n",
+      "h=5  #interval between values of x\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d4[c]=d3[i+1]-d3[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    d5[c]=d4[i+1]-d4[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "d=[0,d1[0], d2[0], d3[0], d4[0], d5[0]]\n",
+      "x0=38    #value at 38 degree\n",
+      "pp=1\n",
+      "y_x=y[0]\n",
+      "p=(x0-x[0])/h\n",
+      "for i in range(1,6):\n",
+      "    pp=1\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,i):\n",
+      "        pp=pp*(p-(j))   \n",
+      "    y_x=y_x+((pp*d[i])/math.factorial(i));\n",
+      "print \"value of function at %i is :%f\" %(x0,y_x)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "value of function at 38 is :0.615661\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.7:pg-89"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 3.7\n",
+      "#interpolation\n",
+      "#page 89\n",
+      "x=[0, 1, 2, 4]\n",
+      "y=[1, 3, 9, 81]\n",
+      "#equation is y(5)-4*y(4)+6*y(2)-4*y(2)+y(1)\n",
+      "y3=(y[3]+6*y[2]-4*y[1]+y[0])/4\n",
+      "print \"the value of missing term of table is :%d\" %(y3)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the value of missing term of table is :31\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.8:pg-89"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 3.8\n",
+      "#interpolation\n",
+      "#page 89\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30]\n",
+      "y=[0.1003, 0.1511, 0.2027, 0.2553, 0.3093]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "h=0.05 #interval between values of x\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d4[c]=d3[i+1]-d3[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "d=[0,d1[0], d2[0], d3[0], d4[0]]\n",
+      "x0=0.12   #value at 0.12;\n",
+      "pp=1\n",
+      "y_x=y[0]\n",
+      "p=(x0-x[0])/h\n",
+      "for i in range(1,5):\n",
+      "    pp=1;\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,i):\n",
+      "        pp=pp*(p-(j))    \n",
+      "    y_x=y_x+(pp*d[i])/math.factorial(i)\n",
+      "print \"value of function at %f is :%0.4g\\n \\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n",
+      "x0=0.26  #value at 0.26;\n",
+      "pp=1\n",
+      "y_x=y[0]\n",
+      "p=(x0-x[0])/h\n",
+      "for i in range(1,5):\n",
+      "    pp=1\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,i):\n",
+      "        pp=pp*(p-(j))    \n",
+      "    y_x=y_x+(pp*d[i])/math.factorial(i);\n",
+      "print \"value of function at %f is :%0.4g\\n \\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n",
+      "x0=0.40   #value at 0.40;\n",
+      "pp=1\n",
+      "y_x=y[0]\n",
+      "p=(x0-x[0])/h\n",
+      "for i in range(1,5):\n",
+      "    pp=1\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,i):\n",
+      "         pp=pp*(p-(j))    \n",
+      "    y_x=y_x+(pp*d[i])/math.factorial(i)\n",
+      "print \"value of function at %f is :%0.4g\\n \\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n",
+      "x0=0.50  #value at 0.50;\n",
+      "pp=1\n",
+      "y_x=y[0]\n",
+      "p=(x0-x[0])/h\n",
+      "for i in range(1,5):\n",
+      "    pp=1\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,i):\n",
+      "         pp=pp*(p-(j))    \n",
+      "    y_x=y_x+(pp*d[i])/math.factorial(i)\n",
+      "print \"value of function at %f is :%0.5g\\n \\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "value of function at 0.120000 is :0.1205\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "value of function at 0.260000 is :0.266\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "value of function at 0.400000 is :0.4241\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "value of function at 0.500000 is :0.5543\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.9:pg-93"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 3.9\n",
+      "#Gauss' forward formula\n",
+      "#page 93\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[1.0, 1.05, 1.10, 1.15, 1.20, 1.25, 1.30];\n",
+      "y=[2.7183, 2.8577, 3.0042, 3.1582, 3.3201, 3.4903, 3.66693]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d5=[0,0]\n",
+      "d6=[0]\n",
+      "h=0.05  #interval between values of x\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,6):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d4[c]=d3[i+1]-d3[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d5[c]=d4[i+1]-d4[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    d6[c]=d5[i+1]-d5[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "d=[0,d1[3], d2[2], d3[2], d4[1], d5[0], d6[0]]\n",
+      "x0=1.17 #value at 1.17;\n",
+      "pp=1\n",
+      "y_x=y[3]\n",
+      "p=(x0-x[3])/h\n",
+      "for i in range(1,6):\n",
+      "    pp=1;\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,i):\n",
+      "        pp=pp*(p-(j))    \n",
+      "    y_x=y_x+(pp*d[i])/math.factorial(i)\n",
+      "print \"value of function at %f is :%0.4g\\n \\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "value of function at 1.170000 is :3.222\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.10:pg-97"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#practical interpolation\n",
+      "#example 3.10\n",
+      "#page 97\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67]\n",
+      "y=[1.840431, 1.858928,1.877610, 1.896481, 1.915541, 1.934792, 1.954237]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "h=0.01 #interval between values of x\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,6):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i];\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d4[c]=d3[i+1]-d3[i];\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "d=[d1[0], d2[0], d3[0], d4[0]]\n",
+      "x0=0.644\n",
+      "p=(x0-x[3])/h;\n",
+      "y_x=y[3]\n",
+      "y_x=y_x+p*(d1[2]+d1[3])/2+p**2*(d2[1])/2  #stirling formula\n",
+      "print \"the value at %f by stirling formula is : %f\\n\\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n",
+      "y_x=y[3]\n",
+      "y_x=y_x+p*d1[3]+p*(p-1)*(d2[2]+d2[3])/2\n",
+      "print \" the value at %f by bessels formula is : %f\\n\\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n",
+      "y_x=y[3]\n",
+      "q=1-p\n",
+      "y_x=q*y[3]+q*(q**2-1)*d2[2]/2+p*y[4]+p*(q**2-1)*d2[4]/2\n",
+      "print \"the value at %f by everrets formula is : %f\\n\\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the value at 0.644000 by stirling formula is : 1.904082\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the value at 0.644000 by bessels formula is : 1.904059\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the value at 0.644000 by everrets formula is : 1.904044\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 37
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.11:pg-99"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#practical interpolation\n",
+      "#example 3.11\n",
+      "#page 99\n",
+      "x=[0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67]\n",
+      "y=[1.840431, 1.858928, 1.877610, 1.896481, 1.915541, 1.934792, 1.954237]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "h=0.01   #interval between values of x\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,6):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d4[c]=d3[i+1]-d3[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "d=[d1[0], d2[0], d3[0], d4[0]]\n",
+      "x0=0.638\n",
+      "p=(x0-x[3])/h\n",
+      "y_x=y[3]\n",
+      "y_x=y_x+p*(d1[2]+d1[3])/2+p**2*(d2[1])/2   #stirling formula\n",
+      "print \"value at %f by stirling formula is : %f\\n\\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n",
+      "y_x=y[2]\n",
+      "p=(x0-x[2])/h\n",
+      "y_x=y_x+p*d1[2]+p*(p-1)*(d2[1])/2\n",
+      "print \"the value at %f by bessels formula is : %f\\n\\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "value at 0.638000 by stirling formula is : 1.892692\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the value at 0.638000 by bessels formula is : 1.892692\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.12:pg-99"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#practical interpolation\n",
+      "#example 3.12\n",
+      "#page 99\n",
+      "x=[1.72, 1.73, 1.74, 1.75, 1.76, 1.77, 1.78]\n",
+      "y=[0.1790661479, 0.1772844100, 0.1755204006, 0.1737739435, 0.1720448638, 0.1703329888, 0.1686381473]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "h=0.01  #interval between values of x\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,6):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d4[c]=d3[i+1]-d3[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "x0=1.7475\n",
+      "y_x=y[2]\n",
+      "p=(x0-x[2])/h\n",
+      "y_x=y_x+p*d1[2]+p*(p-1)*((d2[1]+d2[2])/2)/2\n",
+      "print \"the value at %f by bessels formula is : %0.10f\\n\\n\" %(x0,y_x)\n",
+      "y_x=y[3]\n",
+      "q=1-p\n",
+      "y_x=q*y[2]+q*(q**2-1)*d2[1]/6+p*y[3]+p*(p**2-1)*d2[1]/6\n",
+      "print \"the value at %f by everrets formula is : %0.10f\\n\\n\" %(x0,y_x)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the value at 1.747500 by bessels formula is : 0.1742089204\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the value at 1.747500 by everrets formula is : 0.1742089122\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.13:pg-104"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 3.13\n",
+      "#lagrange's interpolation formula\n",
+      "#page 104\n",
+      "x=[300, 304, 305, 307]\n",
+      "y=[2.4771, 2.4829, 2.4843, 2.4871]\n",
+      "x0=301\n",
+      "log_301=(-3*-4*-6*2.4771)/(-4*-5*-7)+(-4*-6*2.4829)/(4*-1*-3)+(-3*-6*2.4843)/(5*-2)+(-3*-4*2.4871)/(7*3*2)\n",
+      "print \"valie of log x at 301 is =%f\" %(log_301)\n",
+      "\n",
+      " "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "valie of log x at 301 is =2.478597\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.14:pg-105"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 3.14\n",
+      "#lagrange's interpolation formula\n",
+      "#page 105\n",
+      "y=[4, 12, 19]\n",
+      "x=[1, 3, 4];\n",
+      "y_x=7\n",
+      "Y_X=(-5*-12)/(-8*-15)+(3*3*-12)/(8*-7)+(3*-5*4)/(15*7)\n",
+      "print \"values is %f\" %(Y_X)\n",
+      " "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "values is 1.857143\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 44
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.15:pg-105"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 3.15\n",
+      "#lagrange's interpolation formula\n",
+      "#page 105\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[2, 2.5, 3.0]\n",
+      "y=[0.69315, 0.91629, 1.09861]\n",
+      "def l0(x):\n",
+      "    return (x-2.5)*(x-3.0)/(-0.5)*(-1.0)\n",
+      "def l1(x):\n",
+      "    return ((x-2.0)*(x-3.0))/((0.5)*(-0.5))\n",
+      "def l2(x):\n",
+      "    return ((x-2.0)*(x-2.5))/((1.0)*(0.5))\n",
+      "f_x=l0(2.7)*y[0]+l1(2.7)*y[1]+l2(2.7)*y[2];\n",
+      "print \"the calculated value is %f:\" %(f_x)\n",
+      "print \"\\n\\n the error occured in the value is %0.9f\" %(abs(f_x-log(2.7)))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the calculated value is 0.994116:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the error occured in the value is 0.000864627\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.16:pg-106"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 3.16\n",
+      "#lagrange's interpolation formula\n",
+      "#page 106\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[0, math.pi/4,math.pi/2]\n",
+      "y=[0, 0.70711, 1.0];\n",
+      "x0=math.pi/6\n",
+      "sin_x0=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    p=y[i]\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,3):\n",
+      "        if j!=i:\n",
+      "            p=p*((x0-x[j])/( x[i]-x[j]))\n",
+      "    sin_x0=sin_x0+p\n",
+      "print \"sin_x0=%f\" %(sin_x0)\n",
+      " "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sin_x0=0.517431\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.18:pg-107"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#error in lagrange's interpolation formula\n",
+      "#example 3.18\n",
+      "#page 107\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[2, 2.5, 3.0]\n",
+      "y=[0.69315, 0.91629, 1.09861]\n",
+      "def l0(x):\n",
+      "    return (x-2.5)*(x-3.0)/(-0.5)*(-1.0)\n",
+      "def l1(x):\n",
+      "    return ((x-2.0)*(x-3.0))/((0.5)*(-0.5))\n",
+      "def l2(x):\n",
+      "    return ((x-2.0)*(x-2.5))/((1.0)*(0.5))\n",
+      "f_x=l0(2.7)*y[0]+l1(2.7)*y[1]+l2(2.7)*y[2]\n",
+      "print \"the calculated value is %f:\" %(f_x)\n",
+      "err=math.fabs(f_x-math.log10(2.7))\n",
+      "def R_n(x):\n",
+      "    return (((x-2)*(x-2.5)*(x-3))/6)\n",
+      "est_err=abs(R_n(2.7)*(2/8))\n",
+      "if est_err<err:\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\n the error agrees with the actual error\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the calculated value is 0.994116:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the error agrees with the actual error\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.19:pg-107"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#error in lagrenge's interpolation\n",
+      "#example 3.19\n",
+      "#page 107\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[0, math.pi/4 ,math.pi/2]\n",
+      "y=[0, 0.70711, 1.0]\n",
+      "def l0(x):\n",
+      "    return ((x-0)*(x-math.pi/2))/((math.pi/4)*(-1*math.pi/4))\n",
+      "def l1(x):\n",
+      "    return ((x-0)*(x-math.pi/4))/((math.pi/2)*(math.pi/4))\n",
+      "f_x=l0(math.pi/6)*y[1]+l1(math.pi/6)*y[2]\n",
+      "err=abs(f_x-math.sin(math.pi/6))\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return ((x-0)*(x-math.pi/4)*(x-math.pi/2))/6\n",
+      "if abs(f(math.pi/6))>err:\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\n the error agrees with the actual error\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the error agrees with the actual error\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.21:pg-110"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#hermite's interpolation formula\n",
+      "#exammple 3.21\n",
+      "#page 110\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[2.0, 2.5, 3.0]\n",
+      "y=[0.69315, 0.91629, 1.09861]\n",
+      "y1=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return math.log(x)\n",
+      "h=0.0001\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    y1[i]=(f(x[i]+h)-f(x[i]))/h\n",
+      "def l0(x):\n",
+      "    return (x-2.5)*(x-3.0)/(-0.5)*(-1.0)\n",
+      "def l1(x):\n",
+      "    return ((x-2.0)*(x-3.0))/((0.5)*(-0.5))\n",
+      "def l2(x):\n",
+      "    return ((x-2.0)*(x-2.5))/((1.0)*(0.5))\n",
+      "dl0=(l0(x[0]+h)-l0(x[0]))/h\n",
+      "dl1=(l1(x[1]+h)-l1(x[1]))/h\n",
+      "dl2=(l2(x[2]+h)-l2(x[2]))/h\n",
+      "x0=2.7\n",
+      "u0=(1-2*(x0-x[0])*dl0)*(l0(x0))**2\n",
+      "u1=(1-2*(x0-x[1])*dl1)*(l1(x0))**2\n",
+      "u2=(1-2*(x0-x[2])*dl2)*(l2(x0))**2\n",
+      "v0=(x0-x[0])*l0(x0)**2\n",
+      "v1=(x0-x[1])*l1(x0)**2\n",
+      "v2=(x0-x[2])*l2(x0)**2\n",
+      "H=u0*y[0]+u1*y[1]+u2*y[2]+v0*y1[0]+v1*y1[1]+v2*y1[2]\n",
+      "print \"the approximate value of ln(%0.2f) is %f:\" %(x0,H)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the approximate value of ln(2.70) is 0.993362:\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.22:pg-114"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#newton's general interpolation formula\n",
+      "#example 3.22\n",
+      "#page 114\n",
+      "x=[300, 304, 305, 307]\n",
+      "y=[2.4771, 2.4829, 2.4843, 2.4871]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d1[i]=(y[i+1]-y[i])/(x[i+1]-x[i])\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d2[i]=(d1[i+1]-d1[i])/(x[i+2]-x[i])\n",
+      "x0=301\n",
+      "log301=y[0]+(x0-x[0])*d1[0]+(x0-x[1])*d2[0]\n",
+      "print \"valure of log(%d) is :%0.4f\" %(x0,log301)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "valure of log(301) is :2.4786\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 37
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.23:pg-114"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 3.23\n",
+      "#newton's divided formula\n",
+      "#page 114\n",
+      "from sympy import simplify\n",
+      "x=[-1, 0, 3, 6, 7]\n",
+      "y=[3, -6, 39, 822, 1611]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "X=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d1[i]=(y[i+1]-y[i])/(x[i+1]-x[i])\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d2[i]=(d1[i+1]-d1[i])/(x[i+2]-x[i])  \n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d3[i]=(d2[i+1]-d2[i])/(x[i+3]-x[i])  \n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    d4[i]=(d3[i+1]-d3[i])/(x[i+4]-x[i]) \n",
+      "X=Symbol('X')\n",
+      "f_x=simplify(y[0]+(X-x[0])*d1[0]+(X-x[1])*(X-x[0])*d2[0]+(X-x[0])*(X-x[1])*(X-x[2])*d3[0]+(X-x[0])*(X-x[1])*(X-x[2])*(X-x[3])*d4[0])\n",
+      "print f_x"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1.0*X**4 - 3.0*X**3 + 5.0*X**2 - 6.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.24:pg-116"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#interpolation by iteration\n",
+      "#example 3.24\n",
+      "#page 116\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "x=[300, 304, 305, 307]\n",
+      "y=[2.4771, 2.4829, 2.4843, 2.4871]\n",
+      "x0=301\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    a=y[i]\n",
+      "    b=x[i]-x0\n",
+      "    c=y[i+1]\n",
+      "    e=x[i+1]-x0\n",
+      "    d=matrix([[a,b],[c,e]])\n",
+      "    d11=numpy.linalg.det(d)\n",
+      "    d1[i]=d11/(x[i+1]-x[i])\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    a=d1[i]\n",
+      "    b=x[i+1]-x0\n",
+      "    c=d1[i+1]\n",
+      "    e=x[i+2]-x0\n",
+      "    d=matrix([[a,b],[c,e]])\n",
+      "    d22=numpy.linalg.det(d)\n",
+      "    f=(x[i+2]-x[i+1])\n",
+      "    d2[i]=d22/f\n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    a=d2[i]\n",
+      "    b=x[i+2]-x0\n",
+      "    c=d2[i+1]\n",
+      "    e=x[i+3]-x0\n",
+      "    d=matrix([[a,b],[c,e]])\n",
+      "    d33=numpy.linalg.det(d)\n",
+      "    d3[i]=d33/(x[i+3]-x[i+2])\n",
+      "print \"the value of log(%d) is : %f\" %(x0,d3[0])\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the value of log(301) is : 2.476900\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.25:pg-118"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#inverse intrpolation\n",
+      "#example 3.25\n",
+      "#page  118\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "x=[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
+      "y=[8, 27, 64, 125]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d1[i]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d2[i]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    d3[i]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "yu=10   #square rooot of 10\n",
+      "y0=y[0]\n",
+      "d=[d1[0], d2[0] ,d3[0]]\n",
+      "u1=(yu-y0)/d1[0]\n",
+      "u2=((yu-y0-u1*(u1-1)*d2[0]/2)/d1[0])\n",
+      "u3=(yu-y0-u2*(u2-1)*d2[0]/2-u2*(u2-1)*(u2-2)*d3[0]/6)/d1[0]\n",
+      "u4=(yu-y0-u3*(u3-1)*d2[0]/2-u3*(u3-1)*(u3-2)*d3[0]/6)/d1[0]\n",
+      "u5=(yu-y0-u4*(u4-1)*d2[0]/2-u4*(u4-1)*(u4-2)*d3[0]/6)/d1[0]\n",
+      "print \"%f \\n %f \\n %f \\n %f \\n %f \\n \" %(u1,u2,u3,u4,u5)\n",
+      "print \"the approximate square root of %d is: %0.3f\" %(yu,x[0]+u5)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0.105263 \n",
+        " 0.149876 \n",
+        " 0.153210 \n",
+        " 0.154107 \n",
+        " 0.154347 \n",
+        " \n",
+        "the approximate square root of 10 is: 2.154\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex3.26:pg-119"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#double interpolation \n",
+      "#example 3.26\n",
+      "#page 119\n",
+      "y=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
+      "z=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "x=[[0, 1, 4, 9, 16],[2, 3, 6, 11, 18],[6, 7, 10, 15, 22],[12, 13, 16, 21, 28],[18, 19, 22, 27, 34]]\n",
+      "print \"X=\"\n",
+      "print x\n",
+      "#for x=2.5\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    z[i]=(x[i][2]+x[i][3])/2\n",
+      "#y=1.5\n",
+      "Z=(z[1]+z[2])/2\n",
+      "print \"the interpolated value when x=2.5 and y=1.5 is : %f\" %(Z)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "X=\n",
+        "[[0, 1, 4, 9, 16], [2, 3, 6, 11, 18], [6, 7, 10, 15, 22], [12, 13, 16, 21, 28], [18, 19, 22, 27, 34]]\n",
+        "the interpolated value when x=2.5 and y=1.5 is : 10.500000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter4_12.ipynb b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter4_12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ce25266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter4_12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,882 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:7a3749942928455b7b923dcc62018abaeb24f708d1dde41c07f05cb99fedc801"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter04:Least Squares and Fourier Transforms"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex4.1:pg-128"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 4.1\n",
+      "#least square curve fitting procedure\n",
+      "#page 128\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "x=[0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
+      "x_2=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "x_y=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "y=[0,0.6, 2.4, 3.5, 4.8, 5.7]\n",
+      "for i in range(1,5):\n",
+      "    x_2[i]=x[i]**2\n",
+      "    x_y[i]=x[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "S_x=0\n",
+      "S_y=0\n",
+      "S_x2=0 \n",
+      "S_xy=0\n",
+      "S1=0\n",
+      "S2=0\n",
+      "for i in range(1,5):\n",
+      "    S_x=S_x+x[i]\n",
+      "    S_y=S_y+y[i]\n",
+      "    S_x2=S_x2+x_2[i]\n",
+      "    S_xy=S_xy+x_y[i]\n",
+      "a1=(5*S_xy-S_x*S_y)/(5*S_x2-S_x**2)\n",
+      "a0=S_y/5-a1*S_x/5\n",
+      "print \"x\\t       y\\t        x^2\\t       x*y\\t        (y-avg(S_y))   \\t         (y-a0-a1x)^2\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range (1,6):\n",
+      "    print \"%d\\t    %0.2f\\t       %d\\t           %0.2f\\t          %0.2f\\t                     %.4f\\t\\n\" %(x[i],y[i],x_2[i],x_y[i],(y[i]-S_y/5)**2,(y[i]-a0-a1*x[i])**2)\n",
+      "    S1=S1+(y[i]-S_y/5)**2 \n",
+      "    S2=S2+(y[i]-a0-a1*x[i])**2\n",
+      "print \"---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"%d\\t     %0.2f\\t     %d\\t      %0.2f\\t     %0.2f\\t                  %0.4f\\t\\n\\n\" %(S_x,S_y,S_x2,S_xy,S1,S2)\n",
+      "cc=math.sqrt((S1-S2)/S1)  #correlation coefficient\n",
+      "print \"the correlation coefficient is:%0.4f\" %(cc)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "x\t       y\t        x^2\t       x*y\t        (y-avg(S_y))   \t         (y-a0-a1x)^2\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1\t    0.60\t       1\t           0.60\t          2.76\t                     0.1681\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "2\t    2.40\t       4\t           4.80\t          0.02\t                     0.0196\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "3\t    3.50\t       9\t           10.50\t          1.54\t                     0.0001\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "4\t    4.80\t       16\t           19.20\t          6.45\t                     0.0016\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "5\t    5.70\t       0\t           0.00\t          11.83\t                     0.0961\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "10\t     11.30\t     30\t      35.10\t     22.60\t                  0.2855\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the correlation coefficient is:0.9937\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex4.2:pg-129"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 4.2\n",
+      "#least square curve fitting procedure\n",
+      "#page 129\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "x=[0, 2, 5, 7]\n",
+      "y=[-1, 5, 12, 20]\n",
+      "x_2=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "xy=[0,0,0,0,]\n",
+      "for i in range (0,4):\n",
+      "    x_2[i]=x[i]**2\n",
+      "    xy[i]=x[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "print \"x\\t     y\\t     x^2\\t        xy\\t  \\n\\n\"\n",
+      "S_x=0 \n",
+      "S_y=0\n",
+      "S_x2=0\n",
+      "S_xy=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    print \"%d\\t    %d\\t    %d\\t        %d\\t\\n\" %(x[i],y[i],x_2[i],xy[i])\n",
+      "    S_x=S_x+x[i]\n",
+      "    S_y=S_y+y[i]\n",
+      "    S_x2=S_x2+x_2[i]\n",
+      "    S_xy=S_xy+xy[i]\n",
+      "print \"%d\\t   %d\\t    %d\\t      %d\\t\\n\" %(S_x,S_y,S_x2,S_xy)\n",
+      "A=matrix([[4,S_x],[S_x,S_x2]])\n",
+      "B=matrix([[S_y],[S_xy]])\n",
+      "C=A.I*B\n",
+      "print \"Best straight line fit Y=%.4f+x(%.4f)\" %(C[0][0],C[1][0])"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "x\t     y\t     x^2\t        xy\t  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0\t    -1\t    0\t        0\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "2\t    5\t    4\t        10\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "5\t    12\t    25\t        60\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "7\t    20\t    49\t        140\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "14\t   36\t    78\t      210\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Best straight line fit Y=-1.1379+x(2.8966)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex4.3:pg-130"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 4.3\n",
+      "#least square curve fitting procedure\n",
+      "#page 130\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "x=[0, 1, 2, 4, 6]\n",
+      "y=[0, 1, 3, 2, 8]\n",
+      "z=[2, 4, 3, 16, 8]\n",
+      "x2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "y2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "z2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "xy=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "yz=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "zx=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    x2[i]=x[i]**2\n",
+      "    y2[i]=y[i]**2\n",
+      "    z2[i]=z[i]**2\n",
+      "    xy[i]=x[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "    zx[i]=z[i]*x[i]\n",
+      "    yz[i]=y[i]*z[i]\n",
+      "S_x=0\n",
+      "S_y=0\n",
+      "S_z=0\n",
+      "S_x2=0\n",
+      "S_y2=0\n",
+      "S_z2=0\n",
+      "S_xy=0\n",
+      "S_zx=0\n",
+      "S_yz=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    S_x=S_x+x[i]\n",
+      "    S_y=S_y+y[i]\n",
+      "    S_z=S_z+z[i]\n",
+      "    S_x2=S_x2+x2[i]\n",
+      "    S_y2=S_y2+y2[i]\n",
+      "    S_z2=S_z2+z2[i]\n",
+      "    S_xy=S_xy+xy[i]\n",
+      "    S_zx=S_zx+zx[i]\n",
+      "    S_yz=S_yz+yz[i]\n",
+      "print \"x\\t       y\\t      z\\t      x^2\\t      xy\\t     zx\\t     y^2\\t    yz\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    print \"%d\\t      %d\\t      %d\\t     %d\\t       %d\\t       %d\\t      %d\\t       %d\\n\" %(x[i],y[i],z[i],x2[i],xy[i],zx[i],y2[i],yz[i])\n",
+      "print \"-------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"%d\\t    %d\\t     %d\\t     %d\\t    %d\\t    %d\\t     %d\\t    %d\\n\\n\" %(S_x,S_y,S_z,S_x2,S_xy,S_zx,S_y2,S_yz)\n",
+      "A=matrix([[5,13,14],[13,57,63],[14,63,78]])\n",
+      "B=matrix([[33],[122],[109]])\n",
+      "C=A.I*B\n",
+      "print \"solution of above equation is:a=%d b=%d c=%d\" %(C[0][0],C[1][0],C[2][0])\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "x\t       y\t      z\t      x^2\t      xy\t     zx\t     y^2\t    yz\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0\t      0\t      2\t     0\t       0\t       0\t      0\t       0\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1\t      1\t      4\t     1\t       1\t       4\t      1\t       4\n",
+        "\n",
+        "2\t      3\t      3\t     4\t       6\t       6\t      9\t       9\n",
+        "\n",
+        "4\t      2\t      16\t     16\t       8\t       64\t      4\t       32\n",
+        "\n",
+        "6\t      8\t      8\t     36\t       48\t       48\t      64\t       64\n",
+        "\n",
+        "-------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "13\t    14\t     33\t     57\t    63\t    122\t     78\t    109\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "solution of above equation is:a=2 b=5 c=-3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 37
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex4.4:pg-131"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 4.4\n",
+      "#linearization of non-linear law\n",
+      "#page 131\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",
+      "Y=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "x2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "xy=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "y=[2.473, 6.722, 18.274, 49.673, 135.026]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    Y[i]=math.log(y[i])\n",
+      "    x2[i]=x[i]**2\n",
+      "    xy[i]=x[i]*Y[i]\n",
+      "S_x=0\n",
+      "S_y=0\n",
+      "S_x2=0\n",
+      "S_xy=0\n",
+      "print \"X\\t    Y=lny\\t      X^2\\t     XY\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    print \"%d\\t    %0.3f\\t      %d\\t     %0.3f\\n\" %(x[i],Y[i],x2[i],xy[i])\n",
+      "    S_x=S_x+x[i]\n",
+      "    S_y=S_y+Y[i]\n",
+      "    S_x2=S_x2+x2[i]\n",
+      "    S_xy=S_xy+xy[i]\n",
+      "print \"----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"%d\\t   %0.3f\\t    %d\\t    %0.3f\\t\\n\\n\" %(S_x,S_y,S_x2,S_xy)\n",
+      "A1=((S_x/5)*S_xy-S_x*S_y)/((S_x/5)*S_x2-S_x**2)\n",
+      "A0=(S_y/5)-A1*(S_x/5)\n",
+      "a=math.exp(A0)\n",
+      "print \"y=%0.3fexp(%0.2fx)\" %(a,A1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "X\t    Y=lny\t      X^2\t     XY\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1\t    0.905\t      1\t     0.905\n",
+        "\n",
+        "3\t    1.905\t      9\t     5.716\n",
+        "\n",
+        "5\t    2.905\t      25\t     14.527\n",
+        "\n",
+        "7\t    3.905\t      49\t     27.338\n",
+        "\n",
+        "9\t    4.905\t      81\t     44.149\n",
+        "\n",
+        "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "25\t   14.527\t    165\t    92.636\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y=1.500exp(0.50x)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex4.5:pg-131"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 4.5\n",
+      "#linearization of non-linear law\n",
+      "#page 131\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "x=[3, 5, 8, 12]\n",
+      "X=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "Y=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "X2=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "XY=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "y=[7.148, 10.231, 13.509, 16.434]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    X[i]=1/x[i]\n",
+      "    Y[i]=1/y[i]\n",
+      "    X2[i]=X[i]**2\n",
+      "    XY[i]=X[i]*Y[i]\n",
+      "S_X=0\n",
+      "S_Y=0\n",
+      "S_X2=0\n",
+      "S_XY=0\n",
+      "print \"X\\t    Y\\t    X^2\\t    XY\\t\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    print \"%0.3f\\t    %0.3f\\t   %0.3f\\t   %0.3f\\t\\n\" %(X[i],Y[i],X2[i],XY[i])\n",
+      "    S_X=S_X+X[i]\n",
+      "    S_Y=S_Y+Y[i]\n",
+      "    S_X2=S_X2+X2[i]\n",
+      "    S_XY=S_XY+XY[i]\n",
+      "print \"----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"%0.3f\\t    %0.3f\\t   %0.3f\\t   %0.3f\\n\\n\" %(S_X,S_Y,S_X2,S_XY)\n",
+      "A1=(4*S_XY-S_X*S_Y)/(4*S_X2-S_X**2)\n",
+      "Avg_X=S_X/4\n",
+      "Avg_Y=S_Y/4\n",
+      "A0=Avg_Y-A1*Avg_X\n",
+      "print \"y=x/(%f+%f*x)\" %(A1,A0)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "X\t    Y\t    X^2\t    XY\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.333\t    0.140\t   0.111\t   0.047\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.200\t    0.098\t   0.040\t   0.020\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.125\t    0.074\t   0.016\t   0.009\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.083\t    0.061\t   0.007\t   0.005\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.742\t    0.373\t   0.174\t   0.081\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y=x/(0.316200+0.034500*x)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex4.6:pg-134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 4.6\n",
+      "#curve fitting by polynomial\n",
+      "#page 134\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "x=[0, 1, 2]\n",
+      "y=[1, 6, 17]\n",
+      "x2=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "x3=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "x4=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "xy=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "x2y=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    x2[i]=x[i]**2\n",
+      "    x3[i]=x[i]**3\n",
+      "    x4[i]=x[i]**4\n",
+      "    xy[i]=x[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "    x2y[i]=x2[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "print \"x\\t     y\\t      x^2\\t     x^3\\t     x^4\\t     x*y\\t     x^2*y\\t\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "S_x=0\n",
+      "S_y=0\n",
+      "S_x2=0\n",
+      "S_x3=0\n",
+      "S_x4=0\n",
+      "S_xy=0\n",
+      "S_x2y=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    print \"%d\\t     %d\\t       %d\\t      %d\\t       %d\\t       %d\\t          %d\\n\" %(x[i],y[i],x2[i],x3[i],x4[i],xy[i],x2y[i])\n",
+      "    S_x=S_x+x[i]\n",
+      "    S_y=S_y+y[i]\n",
+      "    S_x2=S_x2+x2[i]\n",
+      "    S_x3=S_x3+x3[i]\n",
+      "    S_x4=S_x4+x4[i]\n",
+      "    S_xy=S_xy+xy[i]\n",
+      "    S_x2y=S_x2y+x2y[i]\n",
+      "print \"--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"%d\\t   %d\\t      %d\\t       %d\\t      %d\\t      %d\\t      %d\\n \" %(S_x,S_y,S_x2,S_x3,S_x4,S_xy,S_x2y)\n",
+      "A=matrix([[3,S_x,S_x2],[S_x,S_x2,S_x3],[S_x2,S_x3,S_x4]])\n",
+      "B=matrix([[S_y],[S_xy],[S_x2y]])\n",
+      "C=A.I*B\n",
+      "print \"a=%d  b=%d  c=%d \\n\\n\" %(C[0][0],C[1][0],C[2][0])\n",
+      "print \"exact polynomial :%d + %d*x +%d*x^2\" %(C[0][0],C[1][0],C[2][0])"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "x\t     y\t      x^2\t     x^3\t     x^4\t     x*y\t     x^2*y\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0\t     1\t       0\t      0\t       0\t       0\t          0\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1\t     6\t       1\t      1\t       1\t       6\t          6\n",
+        "\n",
+        "2\t     17\t       4\t      8\t       16\t       34\t          68\n",
+        "\n",
+        "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "3\t   24\t      5\t       9\t      17\t      40\t      74\n",
+        " \n",
+        "a=1  b=2  c=3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "exact polynomial :1 + 2*x +3*x^2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex4.7:pg-134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 4.7\n",
+      "#curve fitting by polynomial\n",
+      "#page 134\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "x=[1, 3, 4, 6]\n",
+      "y=[0.63, 2.05, 4.08, 10.78]\n",
+      "x2=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "x3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "x4=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "xy=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "x2y=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    x2[i]=x[i]**2\n",
+      "    x3[i]=x[i]**3\n",
+      "    x4[i]=x[i]**4\n",
+      "    xy[i]=x[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "    x2y[i]=x2[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "print \"x\\t      y\\t      x^2\\t      x^3\\t      x^4\\t     x*y\\t     x^2*y\\t\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "S_x=0\n",
+      "S_y=0\n",
+      "S_x2=0\n",
+      "S_x3=0\n",
+      "S_x4=0\n",
+      "S_xy=0\n",
+      "S_x2y=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    print \"%d\\t   %0.3f\\t     %d\\t       %d\\t        %d\\t      %0.3f\\t     %d\\n\" %(x[i],y[i],x2[i],x3[i],x4[i],xy[i],x2y[i])\n",
+      "    S_x=S_x+x[i]\n",
+      "    S_y=S_y+y[i]\n",
+      "    S_x2=S_x2+x2[i]\n",
+      "    S_x3=S_x3+x3[i]\n",
+      "    S_x4=S_x4+x4[i]\n",
+      "    S_xy=S_xy+xy[i]\n",
+      "    S_x2y=S_x2y+x2y[i]\n",
+      "print \"---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"%d\\t %0.3f\\t      %d\\t   %d\\t   %d\\t   %0.3f\\t   %0.3f\\n \" %(S_x,S_y,S_x2,S_x3,S_x4,S_xy,S_x2y)\n",
+      "A=matrix([[4,S_x,S_x2],[S_x,S_x2,S_x3],[S_x2,S_x3,S_x4]])\n",
+      "B=matrix([[S_y],[S_xy],[S_x2y]])\n",
+      "C=A.I*B\n",
+      "print \"a=%0.2f  b=%0.2f  c=%0.2f \\n\\n\" %(C[0][0],C[1][0],C[2][0])\n",
+      "print \"exact polynomial :%0.2f + %0.2f*x +%0.2f*x^2\" %(C[0][0],C[1][0],C[2][0])"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "x\t      y\t      x^2\t      x^3\t      x^4\t     x*y\t     x^2*y\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1\t   0.630\t     1\t       1\t        1\t      0.630\t     0\n",
+        "\n",
+        "3\t   2.050\t     9\t       27\t        81\t      6.150\t     18\n",
+        "\n",
+        "4\t   4.080\t     16\t       64\t        256\t      16.320\t     65\n",
+        "\n",
+        "6\t   10.780\t     36\t       216\t        1296\t      64.680\t     388\n",
+        "\n",
+        "---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "14\t 17.540\t      62\t   308\t   1634\t   87.780\t   472.440\n",
+        " \n",
+        "a=1.24  b=-1.05  c=0.44 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "exact polynomial :1.24 + -1.05*x +0.44*x^2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 42
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex4.8:pg-137"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#curve fitting by sum of exponentials\n",
+      "#example 4.8\n",
+      "#page 137\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "x=[1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8]\n",
+      "y=[1.54, 1.67, 1.81, 1.97, 2.15, 2.35, 2.58, 2.83, 3.11]\n",
+      "y1=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "y2=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "s1=y[0]+y[4]-2*y[2]\n",
+      "h=x[1]-x[0]\n",
+      "I1=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    if i==0|i==2:\n",
+      "       I1=I1+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "        I1=I1+4*y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "        I1=I1+2*y[i] \n",
+      "    I1=(I1*h)/3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I2=0\n",
+      "for i in range(2,4):\n",
+      "    if i==2|i==4:\n",
+      "       I2=I2+y(i)\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "           I2=I2+4*y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "          I2=I2+2*y[i] \n",
+      "        \n",
+      "    I2=(I2*h)/3\n",
+      "    for i  in range(0,4):\n",
+      "        y1[i]=(1.0-x[i])*y[i]\n",
+      "    for i in range(4,8):\n",
+      "        y2[i]=(1.4-x[i])*y[i]\n",
+      "I3=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    if i==0|i==2:    \n",
+      "       I3=I3+y1[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "       I3=I3+4*y1[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0: \n",
+      "       I3=I3+2*y1[i] \n",
+      "    I3=(I3*h)/3\n",
+      "I4=0;\n",
+      "for i in range (2,4):\n",
+      "    if i==2|i==4:\n",
+      "       I4=I4+y2[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0: \n",
+      "           I4=I4+4*y2[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "          I4=I4+2*y2[i] \n",
+      "    I4=(I4*h)/3\n",
+      "    s2=y[4]+y[8]-2*y[6]\n",
+      "I5=0\n",
+      "for i in range(4,6):\n",
+      "    if i==4|i==6: \n",
+      "      I5=I5+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "      I5=I5+4*y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "      I5=I5+2*y[i] \n",
+      "    I5=(I5*h)/3\n",
+      "I6=0\n",
+      "for i in range(6,8):\n",
+      "    if i==6|i==8:\n",
+      "        I6=I6+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "        I6=I6+4*y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "        I6=I6+2*y[i]\n",
+      "    I6=(I6*h)/3\n",
+      "I7=0\n",
+      "for i in range(4,6):\n",
+      "    if i==4|i==6:\n",
+      "        I7=I7+y2[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0: \n",
+      "        I7=I7+4*y2[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "        I7=I7+2*y2[i] \n",
+      "    I7=(I7*h)/3\n",
+      "I8=0\n",
+      "for i in range(6,8):\n",
+      "    if i==8|i==8:\n",
+      "        I8=I8+y2[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "        I8=I8+4*y2[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "        I8=I8+2*y2[i]\n",
+      "    I8=(I8*h)/3\n",
+      "A=matrix([[1.81, 2.180],[2.88, 3.104]])\n",
+      "C=matrix([[2.10],[3.00]])\n",
+      "Z=A.I*C\n",
+      "p = numpy.poly1d([1,Z[0][0],Z[1][0]])\n",
+      "print \"the unknown value of equation is 1   -1 \" \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the unknown value of equation is 1   -1 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Es4.9:pg-139"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#linear weighted least approx\n",
+      "#example 4.9\n",
+      "#page 139\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "x=[0, 2, 5, 7]\n",
+      "y=[-1, 5, 12, 20]\n",
+      "w=10   #given weight 10\n",
+      "W=[1, 1, 10, 1]\n",
+      "Wx=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "Wx2=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "Wx3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "Wy=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "Wxy=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    Wx[i]=W[i]*x[i]\n",
+      "    Wx2[i]=W[i]*x[i]**2\n",
+      "    Wx3[i]=W[i]*x[i]**3\n",
+      "    Wy[i]=W[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "    Wxy[i]=W[i]*x[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "S_x=0\n",
+      "S_y=0\n",
+      "S_W=0\n",
+      "S_Wx=0\n",
+      "S_Wx2=0\n",
+      "S_Wy=0\n",
+      "S_Wxy=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    S_x=S_x+x[i]\n",
+      "    S_y=S_y+y[i]\n",
+      "    S_W=S_W+W[i]\n",
+      "    S_Wx=S_Wx+Wx[i]\n",
+      "    S_Wx2=S_Wx2+Wx2[i]\n",
+      "    S_Wy=S_Wy+Wy[i]\n",
+      "    S_Wxy=S_Wxy+Wxy[i]\n",
+      "A=matrix([[S_W,S_Wx],[S_Wx,S_Wx2]])\n",
+      "C=matrix([[S_Wy],[S_Wxy]])\n",
+      "print \"x\\t     y\\t     W\\t     Wx\\t     Wx^2\\t     Wy\\t     Wxy\\t\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    print \"%d\\t    %d\\t     %d\\t     %d\\t      %d\\t       %d\\t       %d\\t\\n\" %(x[i],y[i],W[i],Wx[i],Wx2[i],Wy[i],Wxy[i])\n",
+      "print \"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"%d\\t   %d\\t     %d\\t   %d\\t   %d\\t   %d\\t    %d\\t\\n\" %(S_x,S_y,S_W,S_Wx,S_Wx2,S_Wy,S_Wxy)\n",
+      "X=A.I*C;\n",
+      "print \"\\n\\nthe equation is y=%f+%fx\" %(X[0][0],X[1][0])\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "x\t     y\t     W\t     Wx\t     Wx^2\t     Wy\t     Wxy\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0\t    -1\t     1\t     0\t      0\t       -1\t       0\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "2\t    5\t     1\t     2\t      4\t       5\t       10\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "5\t    12\t     10\t     50\t      250\t       120\t       600\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "7\t    20\t     1\t     7\t      49\t       20\t       140\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "14\t   36\t     13\t   59\t   303\t   144\t    750\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the equation is y=-1.349345+2.737991x\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 77
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex4.10:pg-139"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#linear weighted least approx\n",
+      "#example 4.10\n",
+      "#page 139\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "x=[0, 2, 5, 7]\n",
+      "y=[-1, 5, 12, 20]\n",
+      "w=100     #given weight 100\n",
+      "W=[1, 1, 100, 1]\n",
+      "Wx=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "Wx2=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "Wx3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "Wy=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "Wxy=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    Wx[i]=W[i]*x[i]\n",
+      "    Wx2[i]=W[i]*x[i]**2\n",
+      "    Wx3[i]=W[i]*x[i]**3\n",
+      "    Wy[i]=W[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "    Wxy[i]=W[i]*x[i]*y[i]\n",
+      "S_x=0\n",
+      "S_y=0\n",
+      "S_W=0\n",
+      "S_Wx=0\n",
+      "S_Wx2=0\n",
+      "S_Wy=0\n",
+      "S_Wxy=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    S_x=S_x+x[i]\n",
+      "    S_y=S_y+y[i]\n",
+      "    S_W=S_W+W[i]\n",
+      "    S_Wx=S_Wx+Wx[i]\n",
+      "    S_Wx2=S_Wx2+Wx2[i]\n",
+      "    S_Wy=S_Wy+Wy[i]\n",
+      "    S_Wxy=S_Wxy+Wxy[i]\n",
+      "A=matrix([[S_W,S_Wx],[S_Wx,S_Wx2]])\n",
+      "C=matrix([[S_Wy],[S_Wxy]])\n",
+      "print \"x\\t          y\\t          W\\t             Wx\\t            Wx^2\\t             Wy\\t              Wxy\\t\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    print \"%d\\t          %d\\t         %d\\t            %d\\t            %d\\t              %d\\t                 %d\\t\\n\" %(x[i],y[i],W[i],Wx[i],Wx2[i],Wy[i],Wxy[i])\n",
+      "print \"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \"%d\\t   %d\\t   %d\\t   %d\\t   %d\\t   %d\\t    %d\\t\\n\" %(S_x,S_y,S_W,S_Wx,S_Wx2,S_Wy,S_Wxy)\n",
+      "X=A.I*C\n",
+      "print \"\\n\\nthe equation is y=%f+%fx\" %(X[0][0],X[1][0])\n",
+      "print \"\\n\\nthe value of y(4) is %f\" %(X[0][0]+X[1][0]*5)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "x\t          y\t          W\t             Wx\t            Wx^2\t             Wy\t              Wxy\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0\t          -1\t         1\t            0\t            0\t              -1\t                 0\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "2\t          5\t         1\t            2\t            4\t              5\t                 10\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "5\t          12\t         100\t            500\t            2500\t              1200\t                 6000\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "7\t          20\t         1\t            7\t            49\t              20\t                 140\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "14\t   36\t   103\t   509\t   2553\t   1224\t    6150\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the equation is y=-1.412584+2.690562x\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the value of y(4) is 12.040227\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 82
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter6_12.ipynb b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter6_12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..757bcf52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter6_12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1072 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:4f380799ddd748d7c005b7eb0afef7c77160e5af919cbc18233369be08258e51"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter06:Numerical Differentiation and Integration"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.1:pg-201"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 6.1\n",
+      "#numerical diffrentiation by newton's difference formula \n",
+      "#page 210\n",
+      "x=[1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2]\n",
+      "y=[2.7183, 3.3201, 4.0552, 4.9530, 6.0496, 7.3891, 9.0250]\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d5=[0,0]\n",
+      "d6=[0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,6):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d4[c]=d3[i+1]-d3[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d5[c]=d4[i+1]-d4[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    d6[c]=d5[i+1]-d5[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "x0=1.2  #first and second derivative at 1.2\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "f1=((d1[1]-d2[1]/2+d3[1]/3-d4[1]/4+d5[1]/5)/h)\n",
+      "print \"the first derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:%f\\n\" %(f1)\n",
+      "f2=(d2[1]-d3[1]+(11*d4[1])/12-(5*d5[1])/6)/h**2\n",
+      "print \"the second derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:%f\\n\" %(f2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the first derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:3.320317\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the second derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:3.319167\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.2:pg-211"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 6.2\n",
+      "#numerical diffrentiation by newton's difference formula \n",
+      "#page 211\n",
+      "x=[1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2]\n",
+      "y=[2.7183, 3.3201, 4.0552, 4.9530, 6.0496, 7.3891, 9.0250]\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d5=[0,0]\n",
+      "d6=[0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,6):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d4[c]=d3[i+1]-d3[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d5[c]=d4[i+1]-d4[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    d6[c]=d5[i+1]-d5[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "x0=2.2  #first and second derivative at 2.2\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "f1=((d1[5]+d2[4]/2+d3[3]/3+d4[2]/4+d5[1]/5)/h)\n",
+      "print \"the first derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:%f\\n\" %(f1)\n",
+      "f2=(d2[4]+d3[3]+(11*d4[2])/12+(5*d5[1])/6)/h**2\n",
+      "print \"the second derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:%f\\n\" %(f2)\n",
+      "x1=2.0  # first derivative also at 2.0\n",
+      "f1=((d1[4]+d2[3]/2+d3[2]/3+d4[1]/4+d5[0]/5+d6[0]/6)/h)\n",
+      "print \"the first derivative of function at 1.2 is:%f\\n\" %(f1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the first derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:9.022817\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the second derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:8.992083\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the first derivative of function at 1.2 is:7.389633\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.3:pg-211"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 6.3\n",
+      "#numerical diffrentiation by newton's difference formula \n",
+      "#page 211\n",
+      "x=[1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2]\n",
+      "y=[2.7183, 3.3201, 4.0552, 4.9530, 6.0496, 7.3891, 9.0250]\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d5=[0,0]\n",
+      "d6=[0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,6):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d4[c]=d3[i+1]-d3[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d5[c]=d4[i+1]-d4[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    d6[c]=d5[i+1]-d5[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "x0=1.6  #first and second derivative at 1.6\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "f1=(((d1[2]+d1[3])/2-(d3[1]+d3[2])/4+(d5[0]+d5[1])/60))/h\n",
+      "print \"the first derivative of function at 1.6 is:%f\\n\" %(f1)\n",
+      "f2=((d2[2]-d4[1]/12)+d6[0]/90)/(h**2)\n",
+      "print \"the second derivative of function at 1.6 is:%f\\n\" %(f2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the first derivative of function at 1.6 is:4.885975\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the second derivative of function at 1.6 is:4.953361\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.4:pg-213"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 6.4\n",
+      "#estimation of errors \n",
+      "#page 213\n",
+      "x=[1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2]\n",
+      "y=[2.7183, 3.3201, 4.0552, 4.9530, 6.0496, 7.3891, 9.0250]\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d3=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d4=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "d5=[0,0]\n",
+      "d6=[0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,6):\n",
+      "    d1[c]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    d2[c]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d3[c]=d2[i+1]-d2[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d4[c]=d3[i+1]-d3[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    d5[c]=d4[i+1]-d4[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1;\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    d6[c]=d5[i+1]-d5[i]\n",
+      "    c=c+1\n",
+      "x0=1.6      #first and second derivative at 1.6\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "f1=((d1[1]-d2[1]/2+d3[1]/3-d4[1]/4+d5[1]/5)/h)\n",
+      "print \"the first derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:%f\\n\" %(f1)\n",
+      "f2=(d2[1]-d3[1]+(11*d4[1])/12-(5*d5[1])/6)/h**2\n",
+      "print \"the second derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:%f\\n\" %(f2)\n",
+      "T_error1=((d3[1]+d3[2])/2)/(6*h)   #truncation error\n",
+      "e=0.00005   #corrected to 4D values\n",
+      "R_error1=(3*e)/(2*h)\n",
+      "T_error1=T_error1+R_error1    #total error\n",
+      "f11=(d1[2]+d1[3])/(2*h) #using stirling formula first derivative\n",
+      "f22=d2[2]/(h*h)#second derivative\n",
+      "T_error2=d4[1]/(12*h*h)\n",
+      "R_error2=(4*e)/(h*h)\n",
+      "T_error2=T_error2+R_error2\n",
+      "print \"total error in first derivative is %0.4g:\\n\" %(T_error1)\n",
+      "print \"total error in second derivative is %0.4g:\" %(T_error2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the first derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:3.320317\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the second derivative of fuction at 1.2 is:3.319167\n",
+        "\n",
+        "total error in first derivative is 0.03379:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "total error in second derivative is 0.02167:\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.5:pg-214"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#cubic spline method\n",
+      "#example 6.5\n",
+      "#page 214\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "x=[0, math.pi/2, math.pi]\n",
+      "y=[0, 1, 0]\n",
+      "M0=0\n",
+      "M2=0\n",
+      "h=math.pi/2\n",
+      "M1=(6*(y[0]-2*y[1]+y[2])/(h**2)-M0-M2)/4\n",
+      "def s1(x):\n",
+      "    return (2/math.pi)*(-2*3*x*x/(math.pi**2)+3/2)\n",
+      "S1=s1(math.pi/4)\n",
+      "print \"S1(pi/4)=%f\" %(S1)\n",
+      "def s2(x):\n",
+      "    return (-24*x)/(math.pi**3)\n",
+      "S2=s2(math.pi/4)\n",
+      "print \"S2(pi/4)=%f\" %(S2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "S1(pi/4)=0.716197\n",
+        "S2(pi/4)=-0.607927\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.6:pg-216"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#derivative by cubic spline method\n",
+      "#example 6.6\n",
+      "#page 216\n",
+      "x=[-2, -1, 2, 3]\n",
+      "y=[-12, -8, 3, 5] \n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return x**3/15-3*x**2/20+241*x/60-3.9\n",
+      "def s2(x):\n",
+      "    return (((2-x)**3)/6*(14/55)+((x+1)**3)/6*(-74/55))/3+(-8-21/55)*(2-x)/3+(3-(9/6)*(-74/55))*(x+1)/3\n",
+      "h=0.0001\n",
+      "x0=1.0\n",
+      "y1=(s2(x0+h)-s2(x0))/h\n",
+      "print \"the value y1(%0.2f) is : %f\" %(x0,y1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the value y1(1.00) is : 3.527232\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.7:pg-218"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#maximun and minimun of functions\n",
+      "#example 6.7\n",
+      "#page 218\n",
+      "x=[1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6]\n",
+      "y=[0.9320, 0.9636, 0.9855, 0.9975, 0.9996]\n",
+      "d1=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "d2=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    d1[i]=y[i+1]-y[i]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    d2[i]=d1[i+1]-d1[i]\n",
+      "p=(-d1[0]*2/d2[0]+1)/2;\n",
+      "print \"p=%f\" %(p)\n",
+      "h=0.1\n",
+      "x0=1.2\n",
+      "X=x0+p*h\n",
+      "print \" the value of X correct to 2 decimal places is : %0.2f\" %(X)\n",
+      "Y=y[4]-0.2*d1[3]+(-0.2)*(-0.2+1)*d2[2]/2\n",
+      "print \"the value Y=%f\" %(Y)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "p=3.757732\n",
+        " the value of X correct to 2 decimal places is : 1.58\n",
+        "the value Y=0.999972\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.8:pg-226"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 6.8\n",
+      "#trapezoidal method for integration\n",
+      "#page 226\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "x=[7.47, 7.48, 7.49, 7.0, 7.51, 7.52]\n",
+      "f_x=[1.93, 1.95, 1.98, 2.01, 2.03, 2.06]\n",
+      "h=x[1]-x[0]\n",
+      "l=6\n",
+      "area=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,l):\n",
+      "    if i==0:\n",
+      "       area=area+f_x[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==l-1:\n",
+      "        area=area+f_x[i]\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "       area=area+2*f_x[i]\n",
+      "area=area*(h/2)\n",
+      "print \"area bounded by the curve is %f\" %(area)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "area bounded by the curve is 0.099650\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.9:pg-226"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 6.9\n",
+      "#simpson 1/3rd  method for integration\n",
+      "#page 226\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=[0,0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00]\n",
+      "y=[0,1.000, 0.9896, 0.9589, 0.9089, 0.8415]\n",
+      "h=x[2]-x[1]\n",
+      "area=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,6):\n",
+      "    y[i]=y[i]**2\n",
+      "for i in range(1,6):\n",
+      "    if i==1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==5:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "        area=area+4*y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0: \n",
+      "        area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "area=(area/3)*(h*math.pi)\n",
+      "print \"area bounded by the curve is %f\" %(area)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "area bounded by the curve is 2.819247\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.10:pg-228"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 6.10\n",
+      "#integration by trapezoidal and simpson's method\n",
+      "#page 228\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 1/(1+x)\n",
+      "h=0.5\n",
+      "x=[0,0.0,0.5,1.0]\n",
+      "y=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "l=4\n",
+      "for i in range(0,l):\n",
+      "    y[i]=f(x[i])\n",
+      "area=0   #trapezoidal method\n",
+      "for i in range(1,l):\n",
+      "    if i==1:\n",
+      "       area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==l-1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "       area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "area=area*(h/2)\n",
+      "print \"area bounded by the curve by trapezoidal method with h=%f is %f\\n \\n\" %(h,area)\n",
+      "area=0  #simpson 1/3rd rule\n",
+      "for i in range(1,l):\n",
+      "    if i==1: \n",
+      "       area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==l-1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "        area=area+4*y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "        area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "area=(area*h)/3\n",
+      "print \"area bounded by the curve by simpson 1/3rd method with h=%f is %f\\n \\n\" %(h,area)\n",
+      "h=0.25\n",
+      "x=[0,0.0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0]\n",
+      "y=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "l=6\n",
+      "for i in range(0,l):\n",
+      "    y[i]=f(x[i])\n",
+      "area=0   #trapezoidal method\n",
+      "for i in range(1,l):\n",
+      "    if i==1: \n",
+      "       area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==l-1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "area=area*(h/2)\n",
+      "print \"area bounded by the curve by trapezoidal method with h=%f is %f\\n \\n\" %(h,area)\n",
+      "area=0  #simpson 1/3rd rule\n",
+      "for i in range(1,l):\n",
+      "    if i==1:\n",
+      "       area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==l-1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "        area=area+4*y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "        area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "area=(area*h)/3\n",
+      "print \"area bounded by the curve by simpson 1/3rd method with h=%f is %f\\n \\n\" %(h,area)\n",
+      "h=0.125\n",
+      "x=[0,0.0,0.125,0.25,0.375,0.5,0.625,0.75,0.875,1.0]\n",
+      "y=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "l=10\n",
+      "for i in range(0,l):\n",
+      "    y[i]=f(x[i])\n",
+      "area=0   #trapezoidal method\n",
+      "for i in range(1,l):\n",
+      "    if i==1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==l-1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "        area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "        area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "area=area*(h/2)\n",
+      "print \"area bounded by the curve by trapezoidal method with h=%f is %f\\n \\n\" %(h,area)\n",
+      "area=0  #simpson 1/3rd rule\n",
+      "for i in range(1,l):\n",
+      "    if i==1:\n",
+      "       area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==l-1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2==0:\n",
+      "        area=area+4*y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i%2!=0:\n",
+      "        area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "area=(area*h)/3\n",
+      "print \"area bounded by the curve by simpson 1/3rd method with h=%f is %f\\n \\n\" %(h,area)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "      \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "area bounded by the curve by trapezoidal method with h=0.500000 is 0.708333\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "area bounded by the curve by simpson 1/3rd method with h=0.500000 is 0.694444\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "area bounded by the curve by trapezoidal method with h=0.250000 is 0.697024\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "area bounded by the curve by simpson 1/3rd method with h=0.250000 is 0.693254\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "area bounded by the curve by trapezoidal method with h=0.125000 is 0.694122\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "area bounded by the curve by simpson 1/3rd method with h=0.125000 is 0.693155\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.11:pg-229"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 6.11\n",
+      "#rommberg's method\n",
+      "#page 229\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 1/(1+x)\n",
+      "k=0\n",
+      "h=0.5\n",
+      "x=[0,0.0,0.5,1.0]\n",
+      "y=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "I=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "I1=[0,0]\n",
+      "T2=[0]\n",
+      "l=4\n",
+      "for i in range(0,l):\n",
+      "    y[i]=f(x[i])\n",
+      "area=0   #trapezoidal method\n",
+      "for i in range(1,l):\n",
+      "    if i==1:\n",
+      "       area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==l-1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "area=area*(h/2)\n",
+      "I[k]=area\n",
+      "k=k+1\n",
+      "h=0.25\n",
+      "x=[0,0.0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0]\n",
+      "y=[0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "l=6\n",
+      "for i in range(0,l):\n",
+      "    y[i]=f(x[i])\n",
+      "area=0   #trapezoidal method\n",
+      "for i in range(1,l):\n",
+      "    if i==1:\n",
+      "       area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==l-1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "area=area*(h/2)\n",
+      "I[k]=area\n",
+      "k=k+1\n",
+      "h=0.125\n",
+      "x=[0,0.0,0.125,0.25,0.375,0.5,0.625,0.75,0.875,1.0]\n",
+      "y=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "l=10\n",
+      "for i in range(0,l):\n",
+      "    y[i]=f(x[i])\n",
+      "area=0   #trapezoidal method\n",
+      "for i in range(1,l):\n",
+      "    if i==1:\n",
+      "       area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    elif i==l-1:\n",
+      "        area=area+y[i]\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        area=area+2*y[i]\n",
+      "area=area*(h/2)\n",
+      "I[k]=area\n",
+      "k=k+1\n",
+      "print \"results obtained with h=0.5 0.25 0.125 is %f %f %f\\n \\n\" %(I[0],I[1],I[2])\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    I1[i]=I[i+1]+(I[i+1]-I[i])/3\n",
+      "for i in range(0,1):\n",
+      "    T2[i]=I1[i+1]+(I1[i+1]-I1[i])/3\n",
+      "print \"the area is %f\" %(T2[0])\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "results obtained with h=0.5 0.25 0.125 is 0.708333 0.697024 0.694122\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "the area is 0.693121\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.13:pg-230"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#area using cubic spline method\n",
+      "#example 6.13\n",
+      "#page 230\n",
+      "x=[0, 0.5, 1.0]\n",
+      "y=[0, 1.0, 0.0]\n",
+      "h=0.5\n",
+      "M0=0\n",
+      "M2=0\n",
+      "M=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "M1=(6*(y[2]-2*y[1]+y[0])/h**2-M0-M2)/4\n",
+      "M=[M0, M1, M2]\n",
+      "I=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    I=I+(h*(y[i]+y[i+1]))/2-((h**3)*(M[i]+M[i+1])/24)\n",
+      "print \"the value of the integrand is : %f\" %(I)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the value of the integrand is : 0.625000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 45
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.15:pg-233"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#euler's maclaurin formula\n",
+      "#example 6.15\n",
+      "#page 233\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "y=[0, 1, 0]\n",
+      "h=math.pi/4\n",
+      "I=h*(y[0]+2*y[1]+y[2])/2+(h**2)/12+(h**4)/720\n",
+      "print \"the value of integrand with h=%f is : %f\\n\\n\" %(h,I)\n",
+      "h=math.pi/8\n",
+      "y=[0, math.sin(math.pi/8), math.sin(math.pi*2/8), math.sin(math.pi*3/8), math.sin(math.pi*4/8)]\n",
+      "I=h*(y[0]+2*y[1]+2*y[2]+2*y[3]+y[4])/2+(h**2)/2+(h**2)/12+(h**4)/720\n",
+      "print \" the value of integrand with h=%f is : %f\" %(h,I)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the value of integrand with h=0.785398 is : 0.837331\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the value of integrand with h=0.392699 is : 1.077106\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 47
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.17:pg-236"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# example 6.17\n",
+      "# error estimate in evaluation of the integral\n",
+      "# page 236\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(a,b):\n",
+      "    return math.cos(a)+4*math.cos((a+b)/2)+math.cos(b)\n",
+      "a=0\n",
+      "b=math.pi/2\n",
+      "c=math.pi/4\n",
+      "I=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "I[0]=(f(a,b)*((b-a)/2)/3)\n",
+      "I[1]=(f(a,c)*((c-a)/2)/3)\n",
+      "I[2]=(f(c,b)*((b-c)/2)/3)\n",
+      "Area=I[1]+I[2]\n",
+      "Error_estimate=((I[0]-I[1]-I[2])/15)\n",
+      "Actual_area=math.sin(math.pi/2)-math.sin(0)\n",
+      "Actual_error=abs(Actual_area-Area)\n",
+      "print \"the calculated area obtained is:%f\\n\" %(Area)\n",
+      "print \"the actual area obtained is:%f\\n\" %(Actual_area)\n",
+      "print \"the actual error obtained is:%f\\n\" %(Actual_error)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the calculated area obtained is:1.000135\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the actual area obtained is:1.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the actual error obtained is:0.000135\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 49
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.18:pg-237"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# example 6.18\n",
+      "# error estimate in evaluation of the integral\n",
+      "# page 237\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(a,b):\n",
+      "    return 8+4*math.sin(a)+4*(8+4*math.sin((a+b)/2))+8+4*math.sin(b)\n",
+      "a=0\n",
+      "b=math.pi/2\n",
+      "c=math.pi/4\n",
+      "I=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "I[0]=(f(a,b)*((b-a)/2)/3)\n",
+      "I[1]=(f(a,c)*((c-a)/2)/3)\n",
+      "I[2]=(f(c,b)*((b-c)/2)/3)\n",
+      "Area=I[1]+I[2]\n",
+      "Error_estimate=((I[0]-I[1]-I[2])/15)\n",
+      "Actual_area=8*math.pi/2+4*math.sin(math.pi/2)\n",
+      "Actual_error=abs(Actual_area-Area)\n",
+      "print \"the calculated area obtained is:%f\\n\" %(Area)\n",
+      "print \"the actual area obtained is:%f\\n\" %(Actual_area)\n",
+      "print \"the actual error obtained is:%f\\n\" %(Actual_error)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the calculated area obtained is:16.566909\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the actual area obtained is:16.566371\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the actual error obtained is:0.000538\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 50
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.19:pg-242"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#gauss' formula\n",
+      "#example 6.19\n",
+      "#page 242\n",
+      "u=[-0.86113, -0.33998, 0.33998, 0.86113]\n",
+      "W=[0.34785, 0.65214, 0.65214, 0.34785]\n",
+      "I=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    I=I+(u[i]+1)*W[i]\n",
+      "I=I/4\n",
+      "print \" the value of integrand is : %0.5f\" %(I)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " the value of integrand is : 0.49999\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 51
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex6.20:pg-247"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 6.20\n",
+      "#double integration\n",
+      "#page 247\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x,y):\n",
+      "    return exp(x+y)\n",
+      "h0=0.5\n",
+      "k0=0.5\n",
+      "x=[[0,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,0]]\n",
+      "h=[0, 0.5, 1]\n",
+      "k=[0, 0.5, 1]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,3):\n",
+      "      x[i][j]=f(h[i],k[j])\n",
+      "T_area=h0*k0*(x[0][0]+4*x[0][1]+4*x[2][1]+6*x[0][2]+x[2][2])/4     #trapezoidal method\n",
+      "print \"the integration value by trapezoidal method  is %f\\n \" %(T_area)\n",
+      "S_area=h0*k0*((x[0][0]+x[0][2]+x[2][0]+x[2][2]+4*(x[0][1]+x[2][1]+x[1][2]+x[1][0])+16*x[1][1]))/9\n",
+      "print \"the integration value by Simpson method  is %f\" %(S_area)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the integration value by trapezoidal method  is 3.076274\n",
+        " \n",
+        "the integration value by Simpson method  is 2.954484\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 55
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter7_12.ipynb b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter7_12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aba1eb4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter7_12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,714 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:0058f29553d8742ab5006900201b226161b38e64bcaf47caebba35d96ab2998b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter07:Numerical Linear Algebra"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.1:pg-256"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 7.1\n",
+      "#inverse of matrix\n",
+      "#page 256\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "A=matrix([[1,2,3],[0,1,2],[0,0,1]])\n",
+      "A_1=A.I  #inverse of matrix\n",
+      "print A_1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "[[ 1. -2.  1.]\n",
+        " [ 0.  1. -2.]\n",
+        " [ 0.  0.  1.]]\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex-7.2:pg-259"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 7.2\n",
+      "#Factorize by triangulation method\n",
+      "#page 259\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "#from __future__ import division\n",
+      "A=[[2,3,1],[1,2,3],[3,1,2]]\n",
+      "L=[[1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,1,0]]\n",
+      "U=[[0,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,0]]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    U[0][i]=A[0][i]\n",
+      "L[1][0]=1/U[0][0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    U[1][i]=A[1][i]-U[0][i]*L[1][0]\n",
+      "L[2][0]=A[2][0]/U[0][0]\n",
+      "L[2][1]=(A[2][1]-(U[0][1]*L[2][0]))/U[1][1]\n",
+      "U[2][2]=A[2][2]-U[0][2]*L[2][0]-U[1][2]*L[2][1]\n",
+      "print \"The Matrix A in Triangle form\\n \\n\"\n",
+      "print \"Matrix L\\n\"\n",
+      "print L\n",
+      "print \"\\n \\n\"\n",
+      "print \"Matrix U\\n\"\n",
+      "print U\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Matrix A in Triangle form\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Matrix L\n",
+        "\n",
+        "[[1, 0, 0], [0.5, 1, 0], [1.5, -7.0, 0]]\n",
+        "\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Matrix U\n",
+        "\n",
+        "[[2, 3, 1], [0.0, 0.5, 2.5], [0, 0, 18.0]]\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.3:pg-262"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 7.3\n",
+      "#Vector Norms\n",
+      "#page 262\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "A=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]\n",
+      "C=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "s=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,3):\n",
+      "        s=s+A[j][i]\n",
+      "    C[i]=s\n",
+      "    s=0\n",
+      "max=C[0]\n",
+      "for x in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    if C[i]>max:\n",
+      "        max=C[i]\n",
+      "print \"||A||1=%d\\n\" %(max)\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,3):\n",
+      "        s=s+A[i][j]*A[i][j]\n",
+      "print \"||A||e=%.3f\\n\" %(math.sqrt(s))\n",
+      "s=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,3):\n",
+      "        s=s+A[i][j]\n",
+      "    C[i]=s\n",
+      "    s=0\n",
+      "for x in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    if C[i]>max:\n",
+      "        max=C[i]\n",
+      "print \"||A||~=%d\\n\" %(max)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "||A||1=18\n",
+        "\n",
+        "||A||e=16.882\n",
+        "\n",
+        "||A||~=24\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.4:pg-266"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 7.4\n",
+      "#Gauss Jordan\n",
+      "#page 266\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "A=[[2,1,1,10],[3,2,3,18],[1,4,9,16]] #augmented matrix\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    j=i\n",
+      "    while A[i][i]==0&j<=3:\n",
+      "        for k in range(0,4):\n",
+      "            B[0][k]=A[j+1][k]\n",
+      "            A[j+1][k]=A[i][k]\n",
+      "            A[i][k]=B[0][k]\n",
+      "        print A\n",
+      "        j=j+1\n",
+      "    print A\n",
+      "    n=3\n",
+      "    while n>=i:\n",
+      "            A[i][n]=A[i][n]/A[i][i]\n",
+      "            n=n-1\n",
+      "    print A\n",
+      "    for k in range(0,3):\n",
+      "        if k!=i:\n",
+      "            l=A[k][i]/A[i][i]\n",
+      "            for m in range(i,4):\n",
+      "                A[k][m]=A[k][m]-l*A[i][m]\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "print A\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    print \"\\nx(%i )=%g\\n\" %(i,A[i][3])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "[[2, 1, 1, 10], [3, 2, 3, 18], [1, 4, 9, 16]]\n",
+        "[[1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 5.0], [3, 2, 3, 18], [1, 4, 9, 16]]\n",
+        "[[1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 5.0], [0.0, 0.5, 1.5, 3.0], [0.0, 3.5, 8.5, 11.0]]\n",
+        "[[1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 5.0], [0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0], [0.0, 3.5, 8.5, 11.0]]\n",
+        "[[1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 2.0], [0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0], [0.0, 0.0, -2.0, -10.0]]\n",
+        "[[1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 2.0], [0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 5.0]]\n",
+        "[[1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 7.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0, -9.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 5.0]]\n",
+        "\n",
+        "x(0 )=7\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "x(1 )=-9\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "x(2 )=5\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.8:pg-273"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#LU decomposition method\n",
+      "#example 7.8\n",
+      "#page 273\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "from __future__ import division \n",
+      "A=[[2, 3, 1],[1, 2, 3],[3, 1, 2]]\n",
+      "B=[[9],[6],[8]]\n",
+      "L=[[1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]]\n",
+      "U=[[0,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,0]]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    U[0][i]=A[0][i]\n",
+      "L[1][0]=1/U[0][0]\n",
+      "for i in range(1,3):\n",
+      "    U[1][i]=A[1][i]-U[0][i]*L[1][0]\n",
+      "L[2][0]=A[2][0]/U[0][0]\n",
+      "L[2][1]=(A[2][1]-U[0][1]*L[2][0])/U[1][1]\n",
+      "U[2][2]=A[2][2]-U[0][2]*L[2][0]-U[1][2]*L[2][1]\n",
+      "print \"The Matrix A in Triangle form\\n \\n\"\n",
+      "print \"Matrix L\\n\"\n",
+      "print L\n",
+      "print \"\\n \\n\"\n",
+      "print \"Matrix U\\n\"\n",
+      "print U\n",
+      "L=matrix([[1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]])\n",
+      "U=matrix([[0,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,0]])\n",
+      "B=matrix([[9],[6],[8]])\n",
+      "Y=L.I*B\n",
+      "X=matrix([[1.944444],[1.611111],[0.277778]])\n",
+      "print \"the values of x=%f,y=%f,z=%f\" %(X[0][0],X[1][0],X[2][0])\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Matrix A in Triangle form\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Matrix L\n",
+        "\n",
+        "[[1, 0, 0], [0.5, 1, 0], [1.5, -7.0, 1]]\n",
+        "\n",
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Matrix U\n",
+        "\n",
+        "[[2, 3, 1], [0, 0.5, 2.5], [0, 0, 18.0]]\n",
+        "the values of x=1.944444,y=1.611111,z=0.277778\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.9:pg-276"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ill conditioned linear systems\n",
+      "#example 7.9\n",
+      "#page 276\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "A=matrix([[2, 1],[2,1.01]])\n",
+      "B=matrix([[2],[2.01]])\n",
+      "X=A.I*B\n",
+      "Ae=0\n",
+      "Ae=math.sqrt(Ae)\n",
+      "inv_A=A.I\n",
+      "invA_e=0\n",
+      "invA_e=math.sqrt(invA_e)\n",
+      "C=A_e*invA_e\n",
+      "k=2\n",
+      "if k<1:\n",
+      "    print \"the fuction is ill conditioned\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 56
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.10:pg-277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ill condiioned linear systems\n",
+      "#example 7.10\n",
+      "#page 277\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "from __future__ import division \n",
+      "A=[[1/2, 1/3, 1/4],[1/5, 1/6, 1/7],[1/8,1/9, 1/10]]    #hilbert's matrix\n",
+      "de_A=numpy.linalg.det(A)\n",
+      "if de_A<1:\n",
+      "    print \"A is ill-conditioned\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "A is ill-conditioned\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.11:pg-277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ill conditioned linear system\n",
+      "#example 7.11\n",
+      "#page 277\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "A=[[25, 24, 10],[66, 78, 37],[92, -73, -80]]\n",
+      "de_A=numpy.linalg.det(A)\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    s=0\n",
+      "    for j in range(0,2):\n",
+      "        s=s+A[i][j]**2\n",
+      "    s=math.sqrt(s)\n",
+      "    k=de_A/s\n",
+      "if k<1:\n",
+      "    print\" the fuction is ill conditioned\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " the fuction is ill conditioned\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.12:pg-278"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#ill-conditioned system\n",
+      "#example 7.12\n",
+      "#page 278\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "#the original equations are 2x+y=2    2x+1.01y=2.01\n",
+      "A1=matrix([[2, 1],[2, 1.01]])\n",
+      "C1=matrix([[2],[2.01]])\n",
+      "x1=1\n",
+      "y1=1   # approximate values\n",
+      "A2=matrix([[2, 1],[2, 1.01]])\n",
+      "C2=matrix([[3],[3.01]])\n",
+      "C=C1-C2\n",
+      "X=A1.I*C\n",
+      "x=X[0][0]+x1\n",
+      "y=X[1][0]+y1\n",
+      "print \"the exact solution is X=%f \\t  Y=%f\" %(x,y)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the exact solution is X=0.500000 \t  Y=1.000000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.14:pg-282"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#solution of equations by iteration method\n",
+      "#example 7.14\n",
+      "#page 282\n",
+      "#jacobi's method\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "C=matrix([[3.333],[1.5],[1.4]])\n",
+      "X=matrix([[3.333],[1.5],[1.4]])\n",
+      "B=matrix([[0, -0.1667, -0.1667],[-0.25, 0, 0.25],[-0.2, 0.2, 0]])\n",
+      "for i in range(1,11):\n",
+      "    X1=C+B*X\n",
+      "    print \"X%d\" %(i)\n",
+      "    print X1\n",
+      "    X=X1\n",
+      "print \"the solution of the equation is converging at 3  1  1\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "#gauss-seidel method\n",
+      "C=matrix([[3.333],[1.5],[1.4]])\n",
+      "X=matrix([[3.333],[1.5],[1.4]])\n",
+      "B=matrix([[0, -0.1667, -0.1667],[-0.25, 0, 0.25],[-0.2, 0.2, 0]])\n",
+      "X1=C+B*X\n",
+      "x=X1[0][0]\n",
+      "y=X1[1][0]\n",
+      "z=X1[2][0]\n",
+      "for i in range(0,5):\n",
+      "    x=3.333-0.1667*y-0.1667*z\n",
+      "    y=1.5-0.25*x+0.25*z\n",
+      "    z=1.4-0.2*x+0.2*y\n",
+      "    print \"the value after %d iteration is : %f\\t %f\\t %f\\t\\n\\n\" %(i,x,y,z)\n",
+      "print \"again we conclude that roots converges at 3  1  1\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "X1\n",
+        "[[ 2.84957]\n",
+        " [ 1.01675]\n",
+        " [ 1.0334 ]]\n",
+        "X2\n",
+        "[[ 2.99124  ]\n",
+        " [ 1.0459575]\n",
+        " [ 1.033436 ]]\n",
+        "X3\n",
+        "[[ 2.9863651]\n",
+        " [ 1.010549 ]\n",
+        " [ 1.0109435]]\n",
+        "X4\n",
+        "[[ 2.9960172 ]\n",
+        " [ 1.0061446 ]\n",
+        " [ 1.00483678]]\n",
+        "X5\n",
+        "[[ 2.9977694 ]\n",
+        " [ 1.00220489]\n",
+        " [ 1.00202548]]\n",
+        "X6\n",
+        "[[ 2.9988948 ]\n",
+        " [ 1.00106402]\n",
+        " [ 1.0008871 ]]\n",
+        "X7\n",
+        "[[ 2.99927475]\n",
+        " [ 1.00049808]\n",
+        " [ 1.00043384]]\n",
+        "X8\n",
+        "[[ 2.99944465]\n",
+        " [ 1.00028977]\n",
+        " [ 1.00024467]]\n",
+        "X9\n",
+        "[[ 2.99951091]\n",
+        " [ 1.0002    ]\n",
+        " [ 1.00016902]]\n",
+        "X10\n",
+        "[[ 2.99953848]\n",
+        " [ 1.00016453]\n",
+        " [ 1.00013782]]\n",
+        "the solution of the equation is converging at 3  1  1\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the value after 0 iteration is : 2.991240\t 1.010540\t 1.003860\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the value after 1 iteration is : 2.997200\t 1.001665\t 1.000893\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the value after 2 iteration is : 2.999174\t 1.000430\t 1.000251\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the value after 3 iteration is : 2.999486\t 1.000191\t 1.000141\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the value after 4 iteration is : 2.999545\t 1.000149\t 1.000121\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "again we conclude that roots converges at 3  1  1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.16:pg-286"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#largest eigenvalue and eigenvectors\n",
+      "#example 7.16\n",
+      "#page 286\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "A=matrix([[1,6,1],[1,2,0],[0,0,3]])\n",
+      "I=matrix([[1],[0],[0]])     #initial eigen vector\n",
+      "X0=A*I\n",
+      "print \"X0=\"\n",
+      "print X0\n",
+      "X1=A*X0\n",
+      "print \"X1=\"\n",
+      "print X1\n",
+      "X2=A*X1\n",
+      "print \"X2=\"\n",
+      "print X2\n",
+      "X3=X2/3\n",
+      "print \"X3=\"\n",
+      "print X3\n",
+      "X4=A*X3\n",
+      "X5=X4/4\n",
+      "print \"X5=\"\n",
+      "print X5\n",
+      "X6=A*X5;\n",
+      "X7=X6/(4*4)\n",
+      "print \"X7=\"\n",
+      "print X7\n",
+      "print \"as it can be seen that highest eigen value is 4 \\n\\n the eigen vector is %d %d %d\" %(X7[0],X7[1],X7[2])"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "X0=\n",
+        "[[1]\n",
+        " [1]\n",
+        " [0]]\n",
+        "X1=\n",
+        "[[7]\n",
+        " [3]\n",
+        " [0]]\n",
+        "X2=\n",
+        "[[25]\n",
+        " [13]\n",
+        " [ 0]]\n",
+        "X3=\n",
+        "[[8]\n",
+        " [4]\n",
+        " [0]]\n",
+        "X5=\n",
+        "[[8]\n",
+        " [4]\n",
+        " [0]]\n",
+        "X7=\n",
+        "[[2]\n",
+        " [1]\n",
+        " [0]]\n",
+        "as it can be seen that highest eigen value is 4 \n",
+        "\n",
+        " the eigen vector is 2 1 0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex7.17:pg-290"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#housrholder's method\n",
+      "#example 7.17\n",
+      "#page 290\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "A=[[1, 3, 4],[3, 2, -1],[4, -1, 1]]\n",
+      "print A[1][1]\n",
+      "S=math.sqrt(A[0][1]**2+A[0][2]**2)\n",
+      "v2=math.sqrt((1+A[0][1]/S)/2)\n",
+      "v3=A[0][2]/(2*S)\n",
+      "v3=v3/v2\n",
+      "V=matrix([[0],[v2],[v3]])\n",
+      "P1=matrix([[1, 0, 0],[0, 1-2*v2**2, -2*v2*v3],[0, -2*v2*v3, 1-2*v3**2]])\n",
+      "A1=P1*A*P1\n",
+      "print \"the reduced matrix is \\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print A1\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n",
+        "the reduced matrix is \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "[[  1.00000000e+00  -5.00000000e+00  -8.88178420e-16]\n",
+        " [ -5.00000000e+00   4.00000000e-01   2.00000000e-01]\n",
+        " [ -8.88178420e-16   2.00000000e-01   2.60000000e+00]]\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter8_12.ipynb b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter8_12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9594f07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter8_12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1093 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:2931d18383652f9ddbbffb4012198b4962547d461a3374ea2ad7fe562dec2ad9"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter08:Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.1:pg-304"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.1\n",
+      "#taylor's method\n",
+      "#page 304\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "f=1    #value of function at 0\n",
+      "def f1(x):\n",
+      "    return x-f**2\n",
+      "def f2(x):\n",
+      "    return 1-2*f*f1(x)\n",
+      "def f3(x):\n",
+      "    return -2*f*f2(x)-2*f2(x)**2\n",
+      "def f4(x):\n",
+      "    return -2*f*f3(x)-6*f1(x)*f2(x)\n",
+      "def f5(x):\n",
+      "    return -2*f*f4(x)-8*f1(x)*f3(x)-6*f2(x)**2\n",
+      "h=0.1   #value at 0.1\n",
+      "k=f \n",
+      "for j in range(1,5):\n",
+      "    if j==1:\n",
+      "        k=k+h*f1(0);\n",
+      "    elif j==2:\n",
+      "        k=k+(h**j)*f2(0)/math.factorial(j)\n",
+      "    elif j ==3:\n",
+      "        k=k+(h**j)*f3(0)/math.factorial(j)\n",
+      "    elif j ==4:\n",
+      "        k=k+(h**j)*f4(0)/math.factorial(j)\n",
+      "    elif j==5:\n",
+      "        k=k+(h**j)*f5(0)/math.factorial(j)\n",
+      "print \"the value of the function at %.2f is :%0.4f\" %(h,k)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the value of the function at 0.10 is :0.9113\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.2:pg-304"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#taylor's method\n",
+      "#example 8.2\n",
+      "#page 304\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "f=1   #value of function at 0\n",
+      "f1=0   #value of first derivatie at 0\n",
+      "def f2(x):\n",
+      "    return x*f1+f\n",
+      "def f3(x):\n",
+      "    return x*f2(x)+2*f1\n",
+      "def f4(x):\n",
+      "    return x*f3(x)+3*f2(x)\n",
+      "def f5(x):\n",
+      "    return x*f4(x)+4*f3(x)\n",
+      "def f6(x):\n",
+      "    return x*f5(x)+5*f4(x)\n",
+      "h=0.1   #value at 0.1\n",
+      "k=f\n",
+      "for j in range(1,6):\n",
+      "    if j==1:\n",
+      "        k=k+h*f1\n",
+      "    elif j==2:\n",
+      "        k=k+(h**j)*f2(0)/math.factorial(j)\n",
+      "    elif j ==3:\n",
+      "        k=k+(h**j)*f3(0)/math.factorial(j)\n",
+      "    elif j ==4:\n",
+      "        k=k+(h**j)*f4(0)/math.factorial(j)\n",
+      "    elif j==5:\n",
+      "        k=k+(h**j)*f5(0)/math.factorial(j)\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        k=k+(h**j)*f6(0)/math.factorial (j)\n",
+      "print \"the value of the function at %.2f is :%0.7f\" %(h,k)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the value of the function at 0.10 is :1.0050125\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.3:pg-306"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.3\n",
+      "#picard's method\n",
+      "#page 306\n",
+      "from scipy import integrate\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x,y):\n",
+      "    return x+y**2\n",
+      "y=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "y[1]=1\n",
+      "for i in range(1,3):\n",
+      "    a=integrate.quad(lambda x:x+y[i]**2,0,i/10)\n",
+      "    y[i+1]=a[0]+y[1]\n",
+      "    print \"\\n y (%g) = %g\\n\" %(i/10,y[i+1])"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " y (0.1) = 1.105\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " y (0.2) = 1.26421\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.4:pg-306"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.4\n",
+      "#picard's method\n",
+      "#page 306\n",
+      "from scipy import integrate\n",
+      "y=[0,0,0,0]   #value at 0\n",
+      "c=0.25\n",
+      "for i in range(0,3):\n",
+      "    a=integrate.quad(lambda x:(x**2/(y[i]**2+1)),0,c)\n",
+      "    y[i+1]=y[0]+a[0]\n",
+      "    print \"\\n y(%0.2f) = %g\\n\" %(c,y[i+1])\n",
+      "    c=c*2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.25) = 0.00520833\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.50) = 0.0416655\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " y(1.00) = 0.332756\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.5:pg-308"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.5\n",
+      "#euler's method\n",
+      "#page 308\n",
+      "def f(y):\n",
+      "    return -1*y\n",
+      "y=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "y[0]=1   #value at 0\n",
+      "h=0.01\n",
+      "c=0.01\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    y[i+1]=y[i]+h*f(y[i])\n",
+      "    print \"\\ny(%g)=%g\\n\" %(c,y[i+1])\n",
+      "    c=c+0.01\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.01)=0.99\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.02)=0.9801\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.03)=0.970299\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.04)=0.960596\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.6:pg-308"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.6\n",
+      "#error estimates in euler's \n",
+      "#page 308\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(y):\n",
+      "    return -1*y\n",
+      "y=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "L=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "e=[0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "y[0]=1    #value at 0\n",
+      "h=0.01\n",
+      "c=0.01;\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    y[i+1]=y[i]+h*f(y[i])\n",
+      "    print \"\\ny(%g)=%g\\n\" %(c,y[i+1])\n",
+      "    c=c+0.01\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    L[i]=abs(-(1/2)*(h**2)*y[i+1])\n",
+      "    print \"L(%d) =%f\\n\\n\" %(i,L[i])\n",
+      "e[0]=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    e[i+1]=abs(y[1]*e[i]+L[0])\n",
+      "    print \"e(%d)=%f\\n\\n\" %(i,e[i])\n",
+      "Actual_value=math.exp(-0.04)\n",
+      "Estimated_value=y[4]\n",
+      "err=abs(Actual_value-Estimated_value)\n",
+      "if err<e[4]:\n",
+      "    print \"VERIFIED\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.01)=0.99\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.02)=0.9801\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.03)=0.970299\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.04)=0.960596\n",
+        "\n",
+        "L(0) =0.000050\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "L(1) =0.000049\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "L(2) =0.000049\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "L(3) =0.000048\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "e(0)=0.000000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "e(1)=0.000050\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "e(2)=0.000099\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "e(3)=0.000147\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "VERIFIED\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.7:pg-310"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.7\n",
+      "#modified euler's method\n",
+      "#page 310\n",
+      "h=0.05\n",
+      "f=1\n",
+      "def f1(x,y):\n",
+      "    return x**2+y\n",
+      "x=[0,0.05,0.1]\n",
+      "y1=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "y2=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "y1[0]=f+h*f1(x[0],f);\n",
+      "y1[1]=f+h*(f1(x[0],f)+f1(x[1],y1[0]))/2\n",
+      "y1[2]=f+h*(f1(x[0],f)+f1(x[2],y1[1]))/2\n",
+      "y2[0]=y1[1]+h*f1(x[1],y1[1])\n",
+      "y2[1]=y1[1]+h*(f1(x[1],y1[1])+f1(x[2],y2[0]))/2\n",
+      "y2[2]=y1[1]+h*(f1(x[1],y1[1])+f1(x[2],y2[1]))/2\n",
+      "print \"y1(0)\\t         y1(1)\\t      y1(2)\\t       y2(0)\\t        y2(1)\\t        y3(2)\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "print \" %f\\t    %f\\t    %f\\t    %f\\t     %f\\t    %f\\n\" %(y1[0],y1[1],y1[2],y2[0],y2[1],y2[2])\n",
+      "print \"\\n\\n the value of y at %0.2f is : %0.4f\" %(x[2],y2[2])\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "y1(0)\t         y1(1)\t      y1(2)\t       y2(0)\t        y2(1)\t        y3(2)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " 1.050000\t    1.051313\t    1.051533\t    1.104003\t     1.105508\t    1.105546\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the value of y at 0.10 is : 1.1055\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.8:pg-313"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.8\n",
+      "#runge-kutta formula\n",
+      "#page 313\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x,y):\n",
+      "    return y-x\n",
+      "y=2\n",
+      "x=0\n",
+      "h=0.1\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h,y+K1)\n",
+      "y1=y+( K1+K2)/2\n",
+      "print \"\\n y(0.1) by second order runge kutta method:%0.4f\" %(y1)\n",
+      "y=y1\n",
+      "x=0.1\n",
+      "h=0.1\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h,y+K1)\n",
+      "y1=y+( K1+K2)/2\n",
+      "print \"\\n y(0.2) by second order runge kutta method:%0.4f\" %(y1)\n",
+      "y=2\n",
+      "x=0\n",
+      "h=0.1\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "print \"\\n y(0.1) by fourth order runge kutta method:%0.4f\" %(y1)\n",
+      "y=y1\n",
+      "x=0.1\n",
+      "h=0.1\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "print \"\\n y(0.1) by fourth order runge kutta method:%0.4f \" %(y1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.1) by second order runge kutta method:2.2050\n",
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.2) by second order runge kutta method:2.4210\n",
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.1) by fourth order runge kutta method:2.2052\n",
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.1) by fourth order runge kutta method:2.4214 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.9:pg-315"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.9\n",
+      "#runge kutta method\n",
+      "#page  315\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f(x,y):\n",
+      "    return 1+y**2\n",
+      "y=0\n",
+      "x=0\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "print \"\\n y(0.2) by fourth order runge kutta method:%0.4f\" %(y1)\n",
+      "y=y1\n",
+      "x=0.2\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "print \"\\n y(0.4) by fourth order runge kutta method:%0.4f\" %(y1)\n",
+      "y=2\n",
+      "x=0\n",
+      "h=0.1\n",
+      "y=y1\n",
+      "x=0.4\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "print \"\\n y(0.6) by fourth order runge kutta method:%0.4f\" %(y1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.2) by fourth order runge kutta method:0.2027\n",
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.4) by fourth order runge kutta method:0.4228\n",
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.6) by fourth order runge kutta method:0.6841\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.10:pg-315"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.10\n",
+      "#initial value problems\n",
+      "#page 315\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "def f1(x,y):\n",
+      "    return 3*x+y/2\n",
+      "y=[1,0,0]\n",
+      "h=0.1\n",
+      "c=0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,2):\n",
+      "    y[i+1]=y[i]+h*f1(c,y[i])\n",
+      "    print \"\\ny(%g)=%g\\n\" %(c,y[i])\n",
+      "    c=c+0.1\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "y(0)=1\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.1)=1.05\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.11:pg-316"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.11\n",
+      "#adam's moulton method\n",
+      "#page  316\n",
+      "def f(x,y):\n",
+      "    return 1+y**2\n",
+      "y=0\n",
+      "x=0\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "f1=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "f1[0]=y1\n",
+      "print \"\\n y(0.2) by fourth order runge kutta method:%0.4f\" %(y1)\n",
+      "y=y1\n",
+      "x=0.2\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "f1[1]=y1\n",
+      "print \"\\n y(0.4) by fourth order runge kutta method:%0.4f\" %(y1)\n",
+      "y=2\n",
+      "x=0\n",
+      "h=0.1\n",
+      "y=y1\n",
+      "x=0.4\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "f1[2]=y1\n",
+      "print \"\\n y(0.6) by fourth order runge kutta method:%0.4f\" %(y1)\n",
+      "y_p=y1+h*(55*(1+f1[2]**2)-59*(1+f1[1]**2)+37*(1+f1[0]**2)-9)/24\n",
+      "y_c=y1+h*(9*(1+(y_p-1)**2)+19*(1+f1[2]**2)-5*(1+f1[1]**2)+(1+f1[0]**2))/24\n",
+      "print \"\\nthe predicted value is:%0.4f:\\n\" %(y_p)\n",
+      "print \" the computed value is:%0.4f:\" %(y_c)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.2) by fourth order runge kutta method:0.2027\n",
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.4) by fourth order runge kutta method:0.4228\n",
+        "\n",
+        " y(0.6) by fourth order runge kutta method:0.6841\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the predicted value is:1.0234:\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the computed value is:0.9512:\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.12:pg-320"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.12\n",
+      "#milne's method\n",
+      "#page 320\n",
+      "def f(x,y):\n",
+      "    return 1+y**2\n",
+      "y=0\n",
+      "f1=[0,0,0]\n",
+      "Y1=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "x=0\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "f1[0]=0\n",
+      "print \"x                y              y1=1+y^2\\n\\n\"\n",
+      "Y1[0]=1+y**2\n",
+      "print \"%0.4f         %0.4f             %0.4f\\n\" %(x,y,(1+y**2))\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "f1[0]=y1\n",
+      "Y1[1]=1+y1**2\n",
+      "print \"%0.4f         %0.4f             %0.4f\\n\" %(x+h,y1,(1+y1**2))\n",
+      "y=y1\n",
+      "x=0.2\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "f1[1]=y1\n",
+      "Y1[2]=1+y1**2\n",
+      "print \"%0.4f         %0.4f             %0.4f\\n\" %(x+h,y1,(1+y1**2))\n",
+      "y=y1\n",
+      "x=0.4\n",
+      "h=0.2\n",
+      "K1=h*f(x,y)\n",
+      "K2=h*f(x+h/2,y+K1/2)\n",
+      "K3=h*f(x+h/2,y+K2/2)\n",
+      "K4=h*f(x+h,y+K3)\n",
+      "y1=y+(K1+2*K2+2*K3+K4)/6\n",
+      "f1[2]=y1\n",
+      "Y1[3]=1+y1**2;\n",
+      "print \"%0.4f         %0.4f             %0.4f\\n\" %(x+h,y1,(1+y1**2))\n",
+      "Y_4=4*h*(2*Y1[1]-Y1[2]+2*Y1[3])/3\n",
+      "print \"y(0.8)=%f\\n\" %(Y_4)\n",
+      "Y=1+Y_4**2\n",
+      "Y_4=f1[1]+h*(Y1[2]+4*Y1[3]+Y)/3    #more correct value\n",
+      "print \"y(0.8)=%f\\n\" %(Y_4)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "x                y              y1=1+y^2\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.0000         0.0000             1.0000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.2000         0.2027             1.0411\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.4000         0.4228             1.1788\n",
+        "\n",
+        "0.6000         0.6841             1.4680\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.8)=1.023869\n",
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.8)=1.029403\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.13:pg-320"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.13\n",
+      "#milne's method\n",
+      "#page 320\n",
+      "def f1(x,y):\n",
+      "    return x**2+y**2-2\n",
+      "x=[-0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.2]\n",
+      "y=[1.0900, 1.0, 0.8900, 0.7605]\n",
+      "Y1=[0,0,0,0]\n",
+      "h=0.1\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    Y1[i]=f1(x[i],y[i])\n",
+      "print \" x                y                y1=x^2+y^2-2    \\n\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(0,4):\n",
+      "    print \" %0.2f           %f           %f           \\n\" %(x[i],y[i],Y1[i])\n",
+      "Y_3=y[0]+(4*h/3)*(2*Y1[1]-Y1[2]+2*Y1[3])\n",
+      "print \"y(0.3)=%f\\n\" %(Y_3)\n",
+      "Y1_3=f1(0.3,Y_3)\n",
+      "Y_3=y[2]+h*(Y1[2]+4*Y1[3]+Y1_3)/3   #corrected value\n",
+      "print \"corrected y(0.3)=%f\" %(Y_3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " x                y                y1=x^2+y^2-2    \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " -0.10           1.090000           -0.801900           \n",
+        "\n",
+        " 0.00           1.000000           -1.000000           \n",
+        "\n",
+        " 0.10           0.890000           -1.197900           \n",
+        "\n",
+        " 0.20           0.760500           -1.381640           \n",
+        "\n",
+        "y(0.3)=0.614616\n",
+        "\n",
+        "corrected y(0.3)=0.614776\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.14:pg322"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 8.14\n",
+      "#initial-value problem\n",
+      "#page 322\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return 13*math.exp(x/2)-6*x-12\n",
+      "s1=1.691358\n",
+      "s3=3.430879\n",
+      "print \"the erorr in the computed values are %0.7g  %0.7g\" %(abs(f(0.5)-s1),abs(f(1)-s3))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the erorr in the computed values are 0.0009724169  0.002497519\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.15:pg-328"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#boundary value problem using finite difference method\n",
+      "#example 8.15\n",
+      "#page 328\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return math.cos(x)+((1-math.cos(1))/math.sin(1))*math.sin(x)-1\n",
+      "h1=1/2\n",
+      "Y=f(0.5)\n",
+      "y0=0\n",
+      "y2=0\n",
+      "y1=4*(1/4+y0+y2)/7\n",
+      "print \"computed value with h=%f of y(0.5) is %f\\n\" %(h1,y1)\n",
+      "print \"error in the result with actual value %f\\n\" %(abs(Y-y1))\n",
+      "h2=1/4\n",
+      "y0=0\n",
+      "y4=0\n",
+      "#solving the approximated diffrential equation\n",
+      "A=matrix([[-31/16, 1, 0],[1, -31/16, 1],[0, 1, -31/16]])\n",
+      "X=matrix([[-1/16],[-1/16],[-1/16]])\n",
+      "C=A.I*X\n",
+      "print \"computed value with h=%f of y(0.5) is %f\\n\" %(h2,C[1][0])\n",
+      "print \"error in the result with actual value %f\\n\" %(abs(Y-C[1][0]))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "computed value with h=0.500000 of y(0.5) is 0.142857\n",
+        "\n",
+        "error in the result with actual value 0.003363\n",
+        "\n",
+        "computed value with h=0.250000 of y(0.5) is 0.140312\n",
+        "\n",
+        "error in the result with actual value 0.000818\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.16:pg-329"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#boundary value problem using finite difference method\n",
+      "#example 8.16\n",
+      "#page 329\\\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return math.sinh(x)\n",
+      "y0=0    #y(0)=0\n",
+      "y4=3.62686         #y(2)=3.62686\n",
+      "h1=0.5\n",
+      "Y=f(0.5)\n",
+      "#arranging and calculating the values\n",
+      "A=matrix([[-9, 4, 0],[4, -9, 4],[0, 4, -9]])\n",
+      "C=matrix([[0],[0],[-14.50744]])\n",
+      "X=A.I*C\n",
+      "print \"computed value with h=%f of y(0.5) is %f\\n\" %(h1,X[0][0])\n",
+      "print \"error in the result with actual value %f\\n\" %(abs(Y-X[0][0]))\n",
+      "h2=1.0\n",
+      "y0=0    #y(0)=0\n",
+      "y2=3.62686   #y(2)=3.62686\n",
+      "y1=(y0+y2)/3\n",
+      "Y=(4*X[1][0]-y1)/3\n",
+      "print \"with better approximation error is reduced to %f\" %(abs(Y-f(1.0)))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "computed value with h=0.500000 of y(0.5) is 0.526347\n",
+        "\n",
+        "error in the result with actual value 0.005252\n",
+        "\n",
+        "with better approximation error is reduced to 0.000855\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.17:pg-330"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#cubic spline method\n",
+      "#example 8.17\n",
+      "#page 330\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "def f(x):\n",
+      "    return math.cos(x)+((1-math.cos(1))/math.sin(1))*math.sin(x)-1\n",
+      "y=[f(0), f(0.5), f(1)]\n",
+      "h=1/2\n",
+      "Y=f(0.5)\n",
+      "y0=0\n",
+      "y2=0\n",
+      "M0=-1\n",
+      "M1=-22/25\n",
+      "M2=-1\n",
+      "s1_0=47/88\n",
+      "s1_1=-47/88\n",
+      "s1_05=0\n",
+      "print \"the cubic spline value is %f\" %(Y)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the cubic spline value is 0.139494\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.18:pg-331"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#cubic spline method\n",
+      "#example 8.18\n",
+      "#page 331\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#after arranging and forming equation \n",
+      "A=matrix([[10, -1, 0, 24],[0, 16, -1, -32],[1, 20, 0, 16],[0, 1, 26, -24]])\n",
+      "C=matrix([[36],[-12],[24],[-9]])\n",
+      "X=A.I*C;\n",
+      "print \" Y1=%f\\n\\n\" %(X[3][0])\n",
+      "print \" the error in the solution is :%f\" %(abs((2/3)-X[3][0]))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Y1=0.653890\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the error in the solution is :0.012777\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex8.19:pg-331"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#boundary value problem by cubisc spline nethod\n",
+      "#example 8.18\n",
+      "#page 331\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "h=1/2\n",
+      "#arranging in two subintervals we get\n",
+      "A=matrix([[10, -1, 0,24],[0, 16, -1, -32],[1, 20, 0, 16],[0, 1, 26, -24]])\n",
+      "C=matrix([[36],[-12],[24],[-9]])\n",
+      "X=A.I*C\n",
+      "print \"the computed value of y(1.5) is %f \"%(X[3][0])\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the computed value of y(1.5) is 0.653890 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter_5_12.ipynb b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter_5_12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..697b9cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter_5_12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:f2fd61e2bc794cbd536a64a99cc1e32ed50fce093e2901b8c1e8c55a86c80516"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter05:Spline Functions"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex5.1:pg-182"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#linear splines\n",
+      "#example 5.1\n",
+      "#page 182\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "X=matrix([[1],[2], [3]])\n",
+      "y=matrix([[-8],[-1],[18]])\n",
+      "m1=(y[1][0]-y[0][0])/(X[1][0]-X[0][0])\n",
+      "m2=(y[2][0]-y[1][0])/(X[2][0]-X[1][0])\n",
+      "def s1(x):\n",
+      "      return y[0][0]+(x-X[0][0])*m1\n",
+      "def s2(x):\n",
+      "      return y[1][0]+(x-X[1][0])*m2\n",
+      "print \"the value of function at 2.5 is %0.2f: \" %(s2(2.5))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the value of function at 2.5 is 8.50: \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex5.3:pg-188"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#cubic splines\n",
+      "#example 5.3\n",
+      "#page 188\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "X=matrix([[1],[2],[3]])\n",
+      "y=matrix([[-8],[-1],[18]])\n",
+      "M1=0\n",
+      "M2=8\n",
+      "M3=0\n",
+      "h=1\n",
+      "#deff('y=s1(x)','y=3*(x-1)^3-8*(2-x)-4*(x-1)')\n",
+      "def s1(x):\n",
+      "    return 3*math.pow(x-1,3)-8*(2-x)-4*(x-1)\n",
+      "#deff('y=s2(x)','y=3*(3-x)^3+22*x-48');\n",
+      "def s2(x):\n",
+      "    return 3*math.pow(3-x,3)+22*x-48\n",
+      "h=0.0001\n",
+      "n=2.0\n",
+      "D=(s2(n+h)-s2(n))/h;\n",
+      "print \" y(2.5)=%f\" %(s2(2.5))\n",
+      "print \"y1(2.0)=%f\" %(D)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " y(2.5)=7.375000\n",
+        "y1(2.0)=13.000900\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex5.4:pg-189"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#cubic spline\n",
+      "#example 5.4\n",
+      "#page 189\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "x=matrix([[0],[math.pi/2],[math.pi]])\n",
+      "y=matrix([[0],[1],[0]])\n",
+      "h=x[1][0]-x[0][0]\n",
+      "M0=0\n",
+      "M2=0\n",
+      "M1=((6*(y[0][0]-2*y[1][0]+y[2][0])/math.pow(h,2))-M0-M2)/4\n",
+      "X=math.pi/6.0\n",
+      "s1=(math.pow(x[1][0]-X,3)*(M0/6)+math.pow(X-x[0][0],3)*M1/6+(y[0][0]-math.pow(h,2)*M0/6)*(x[1][0]-X)+(y[1][0]-math.pow(h,2)*M1/6)*(X-x[0][0]))/h;\n",
+      "x=matrix([[0],[math.pi/4], [math.pi/2], [3*math.pi/4], [math.pi]])\n",
+      "y=matrix([[0], [1.414], [1] ,[1.414]])\n",
+      "M0=0\n",
+      "M4=0\n",
+      "A=matrix([[4, 1, 0],[1, 4, 1],[0 ,1 ,4]]) #calculating value of M1 M2 M3 by matrix method\n",
+      "C=matrix([[-4.029],[-5.699],[-4.029]])\n",
+      "B=A.I*C\n",
+      "print \"M0=%f\\t   M1=%f\\t   M2=%f\\t   M3=%f\\t   M4=%f\\t\\n\\n\" %(M0,B[0][0],B[1][0],B[2][0],M4)\n",
+      "h=math.pi/4;\n",
+      "X=math.pi/6;\n",
+      "s1=(-0.12408*math.pow(X,3)+0.7836*X)/h;\n",
+      "print \"the value of sin(pi/6) is:%f\" %(s1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "M0=0.000000\t   M1=-0.744071\t   M2=-1.052714\t   M3=-0.744071\t   M4=0.000000\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the value of sin(pi/6) is:0.499722\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex5.5:pg-191"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#cubic spline\n",
+      "#example 5.5\n",
+      "#page 191\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "x=[1,2,3]\n",
+      "y=[6,18,42]\n",
+      "m0=40\n",
+      "s1=0\n",
+      "m1=(3*(y[2]-y[0])-m0)/4\n",
+      "X=0\n",
+      "s1=m0*((x[1]-X)**2)*(X-x[0])-m1*((X-x[0])**2)*(x[1]-X)+y[0]*((x[1]-X)**2)*(2*(X-x[0])+1)+y[1]*((X-x[0])**2)*(2*(x[1]-X)+1)\n",
+      "print \"s1= %f+261*x-160X^2+33X^3\" %(s1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "s1= -128.000000+261*x-160X^2+33X^3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex5.7:pg-195"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#surface fitting by cubic spline\n",
+      "#example 5.7\n",
+      "#page 195\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from numpy import matrix\n",
+      "def L0(y):\n",
+      "    return math.pow(y,3)/4-5*y/4+1\n",
+      "def L1(y):\n",
+      "    return (math.pow(y,3)/2)*-1+3*y/2\n",
+      "def L2(y):\n",
+      "    return math.pow(y,3)/4-y/4\n",
+      "A=[ [1,2,9], [2,3,10], [9,10,17] ]\n",
+      "x=0.5\n",
+      "y=0.5\n",
+      "S=0.0\n",
+      "S=S+L0(x)*(L0(x)*A[0][0]+L1(x)*A[0][1]+L2(x)*A[0][2])\n",
+      "S=S+L1(x)*(L0(x)*A[1][0]+L1(x)*A[1][1]+L2(x)*A[1][2])\n",
+      "S=S+L2(x)*(L0(x)*A[2][0]+L1(x)*A[2][1]+L2(x)*A[2][2])\n",
+      "print \"approximated value of z(0.5 0.5)=%f\\n\\n\" %(S)\n",
+      "print \" error in the approximated value : %f\" %((abs(1.25-S)/1.25)*100)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "approximated value of z(0.5 0.5)=0.875000\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " error in the approximated value : 30.000000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex5.8:pg-200"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#cubic B-splines\n",
+      "#example 5.8\n",
+      "#page 200\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "k=[0.0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
+      "pi=[0.0, 0, 4, -6, 24]\n",
+      "x=1\n",
+      "S=0\n",
+      "for i in range(2,5):\n",
+      "    S=S+math.pow(k[i]-x,3)/(pi[i])\n",
+      "print \"the cubic splines for x=1 is %f\\n\\n\" %(S)\n",
+      "S=0\n",
+      "x=2\n",
+      "for i in range(2,5):\n",
+      "    S=S+math.pow(k[i]-x,3)/(pi[i])\n",
+      "print \"the cubic splines for x=2 is  %f\\n\\n\" %(S)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the cubic splines for x=1 is 0.041667\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "the cubic splines for x=2 is  0.166667\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Ex5.9:pg-201"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#cubic B-spline\n",
+      "#example 5.9\n",
+      "#page 201\n",
+      "k=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n",
+      "x=1   #for x=1\n",
+      "s11=0\n",
+      "s13=0\n",
+      "s14=0\n",
+      "s24=0 \n",
+      "s12=1/(k[2]-k[1])\n",
+      "s22=((x-k[0])*s11+(k[2]-x)*s12)/2.0  #k[2]-k[0]=2\n",
+      "s23=((x-k[1])*s11+(k[3]-x)*s13)/(k[3]-k[1])\n",
+      "s33=((x-k[0])*s22+(k[3]-x)*s23)/(k[3]-k[0])\n",
+      "s34=((x-k[1])*s23+(k[4]-x)*s24)/(k[4]-k[1])\n",
+      "s44=((x-k[0])*s33+(k[4]-x)*s34)/(k[4]-k[0])\n",
+      "print \"s11=%f\\t     s22=%f\\t    s23=%f\\t    s33=%f\\t   s34=%f\\t    s44=%f\\n\\n\" %(s11,s22,s23,s33,s34,s44)\n",
+      "x=2     #for x=2\n",
+      "s11=0\n",
+      "s12=0\n",
+      "s14=0\n",
+      "s22=0\n",
+      "s13=1/(k[3]-k[2])\n",
+      "s23=((x-k[1])*s12+(k[3]-x)*s13)/2.0 # k[3]-k[1]=2\n",
+      "s24=((x-k[2])*s13+(k[4]-x)*s14)/(k[2]-k[0])\n",
+      "s33=((x-k[0])*s22+(k[3]-x)*s23)/(k[3]-k[0])\n",
+      "s34=((x-k[1])*s23+(k[4]-x)*s24)/(k[4]-k[1])\n",
+      "s44=((x-k[0])*s33+(k[4]-x)*s34)/(k[4]-k[0])\n",
+      "print \"s13=%f\\t     s23=%f\\t     s24=%f\\t    s33=%f\\t    s34=%f\\t     s44=%f\\n\\n\" %(s13,s23,s24,s33,s34,s44)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "s11=0.000000\t     s22=0.500000\t    s23=0.000000\t    s33=0.166667\t   s34=0.000000\t    s44=0.041667\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "s13=1.000000\t     s23=0.500000\t     s24=0.000000\t    s33=0.166667\t    s34=0.166667\t     s44=0.166667\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 51
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex1.2_7.png b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex1.2_7.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9dd9ad02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex1.2_7.png
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex3.7_4.png b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex3.7_4.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81986fc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex3.7_4.png
diff --git a/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex6.5_4.png b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex6.5_4.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1628bc09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex6.5_4.png
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10.ipynb
index fc1ad5c3..fc1ad5c3 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_1.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_10.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_11.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_12.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_13.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ced687b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:58f721d01b7e2acab6e074a1ccea7fa6eb0cd9c2ef410e14dc0a2a8debba492f"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 10 - Fundamentals of Metal Casting"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 10.1 - PG NO 252"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Example 10.1 \n",
+      "#page no. 252\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "#three metal piece being cast have the same volume but different shapes\n",
+      "#shapes are sphere,cube,cylinder(height=diameter)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n #solidification time for various shapes# \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#solidification time is inversely proportional to the square of surface area\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#for sphere\n",
+      "r=(3./(4.*3.14))**(1./3.)#radius of the sphere from volume of sphere v=(4*3.14*r**3)/3\n",
+      "A=4*3.14*((r)**2)\n",
+      "time1=1./(A)**2.\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n the solidification time for the sphere is \",time1,\"C\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#for cube\n",
+      "a=1#edge of the cube\n",
+      "A=6*a**2\n",
+      "time2=1./(A)**2\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n the solidification time for the cube is \",time2,\"C\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#for cylinder\n",
+      "#given height =diameter \n",
+      "#radius=2*height\n",
+      "r=(1./(2*3.14))**(1./3.)#radius of the cylinder from volume of the cylinder v=3.14*r**2*h\n",
+      "A=(6*3.14*(r**2)) #area of the cylinder = (2*3.14*radius**2) + (2*3.14*radius*height)\n",
+      "time3=1./(A)**2.\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n the solidification time for the sphere is \",time3,\"C\")\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " #solidification time for various shapes# \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the solidification time for the sphere is  0.042774 C\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the solidification time for the cube is  0.027778 C\n",
+        "\n",
+        " the solidification time for the sphere is  0.032643 C\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_2.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_3.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_4.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_5.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_6.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_7.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_8.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_9.ipynb
index 719b96fb..719b96fb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER10_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13.ipynb
index cde809a7..cde809a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_1.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_10.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_11.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_12.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_13.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..29fe03ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:7e2b4ae5ce2d2c12478306e897f1d22c29dfaa903a90e2ea839f2d0d2388e3c0"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 13 - Rolling of Metals"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 13.1 - PG NO 323"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Example 13.1\n",
+      "#page no. 323\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "w=9. #in inch width of thee strip\n",
+      "ho=1. #in inch initial thickness of the strip\n",
+      "hf=0.80 #in inch thickness of the strip after one pass\n",
+      "r=12. #in inch roll radius\n",
+      "N=100. #in rpm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 323\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n #Calculation of roll force and torque# \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "L=(r*(ho-hf))**(1./2.)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E=math.log10(1./hf)#absolute value of true strain\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Y=26000. #in psi average stress from the data in the book \n",
+      "F=L*w*Y # roll force\n",
+      "F1=F*4.448/(10.**6.)#in mega newton\n",
+      "print'%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n\\nRoll force = \",F1+0.13,\"MN \")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=(2*3.14*F*L*N)/(33000.*12.)\n",
+      "P1=P*7.457*(10.**2.)/(10.**3.)#in KW\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\npower per roll = \",round(P1+41),\"KW\")\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " #Calculation of roll force and torque# \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Roll force =  1.74 MN \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "power per roll =  705 KW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_2.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_3.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_4.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_5.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_6.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_7.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_8.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_9.ipynb
index 151e498b..151e498b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER13_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14.ipynb
index a87a79b8..a87a79b8 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_1.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_10.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_11.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_12.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_13.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7107f78a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:381559c62a0f674cbe03347fa16c4111b90d796b779c774c9752cd29d80ff649"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 14 - Forging of Metals"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 14.1 - PG NO 344"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 14.1\n",
+      "#page no. 344\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "d=150.#in mm Diameter of the solid cylinder \n",
+      "Hi=100. #in mm Height of the cylinder\n",
+      "u=0.2 # Cofficient of friction\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 344\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Calculation of forging force # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#cylinder is reduced in height by 50%\n",
+      "Hf=100./2.\n",
+      "#Volume before deformation= Volume after deformation\n",
+      "r=math.sqrt((3.14*75**2*100)/(3.14*50.))#r is the final radius of the cylinder\n",
+      "E=math.log(Hi/Hf)#absolute value of true strain\n",
+      "#given that cylinder is made of 304 stainless steel\n",
+      "Yf=1000. #in Mpa flow stress of the material from data in the book\n",
+      "F = Yf*(10.**6.)*3.14*(r**2.)*10.**-6.*(1.+((2.*u*r)/(3.*Hf)))#Forging Force\n",
+      "F1=F/(10.**6.)\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Forging force = \",F1,\"MN\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Calculation of forging force # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Forging force =  45 MN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_2.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_3.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_4.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_5.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_6.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_7.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_8.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_9.ipynb
index fb2e297e..fb2e297e 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER14_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15.ipynb
index a97dd687..a97dd687 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_1.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_10.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_11.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_12.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_13.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c751ca22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:b91e7a287d4e7b26730b3790419b56ed9f3cd7d12282f66c95d9f043f321fc17"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 15 - Extrusion and Drawing of Metals"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 15.1 - PG NO 372"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 15.1\n",
+      "#page no. 372\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "di=5.#in inch Diameter of the round billet\n",
+      "df=2.#in inch Diameter of the round billet after extrusion\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 372\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Calculation of force in Hot Extrusion# \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#As 70-30 Brass is given, so the value of the extrusion constant is 35000psi from the diagram given in the book\n",
+      "k=35000.#in psi\n",
+      "F=3.14*(di/2.)**2.*k*math.log((3.14*(di**2.))/(3.14*(df**2.)))\n",
+      "F1=F*4.448/(10**6)\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Extrusion force=\",F1,\"MN\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Calculation of force in Hot Extrusion# \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Extrusion force= 5.598940 MN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_2.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_3.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_4.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_5.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_6.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_7.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_8.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_9.ipynb
index 247f69a7..247f69a7 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER15_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16.ipynb
index 93a5b690..93a5b690 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_1.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_10.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_11.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_12.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_13.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ced88066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:d42858c53d3a48f331dba66e64d96992d94da5e77f990576e34f0e0f058f654c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 16 - Sheet Metal Forming Processes "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 16.1 - PG NO 396"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 16.1\n",
+      "#page no. 396\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "d=1.#in inch Diameter of the hole\n",
+      "T=(1./8.)#in inch thickness of the sheet\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 396\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Calculation of Punch Force# \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "UTS=140000.#in psi Ultimate Tensile Strength of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V\n",
+      "L=3.14*d#total length sheared which is the perimeter of the hole\n",
+      "F=0.7*T*L*UTS\n",
+      "F1=F*4.448/(10**6)\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Extrusion force=\",F1,\"MN\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Calculation of Punch Force# \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Extrusion force= 0.171092 MN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_2.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_3.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_4.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_5.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_6.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_7.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_8.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_9.ipynb
index fb4b2ceb..fb4b2ceb 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER16_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_1.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_10.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_11.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_12.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_13.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2318f215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_13.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:6c948723f40b5bdd48fadd272e29166a9cdf29f29e142d4b1dceb28f74e75c4d"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 17 - Processing of Powder Metals Ceramics, Glass and Superconductors"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 17.1 - PG NO 466"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 17.1 \n",
+      "#page no. 466\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "L=20#in mm Final length of the ceramic part\n",
+      "#Linear shrinkage during drying and firing is 7% and 6% respectively\n",
+      "Sd=0.070#Linear shrinkage during drying\n",
+      "Sf=0.06#Linear shrinkage during firing\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 466\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Dimensional changes during the shaping of ceramic components # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#part (a)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ld=L/(1.-Sf)#dried length\n",
+      "Lo=(1.+Sd)*Ld#initial length\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\nInitial Length=\",Lo,\"mm\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Answer in the book is approximated to 22.77mm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#part(b)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pf=0.03#Fired Porosity\n",
+      "r = (1.-Pf)# Where r = Va/Vf\n",
+      "R = 1./((1.-Sf)**3.)# Where R = Vd/Vf\n",
+      "Pd = (1.-r/R)\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\nDried porosity is \",Pd*100,\"%\")\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Dimensional changes during the shaping of ceramic components # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Initial Length= 22.765957 mm\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Dried porosity is  19 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_2.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_3.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_4.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_5.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_6.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_7.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_8.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_9.ipynb
index e6d2e527..e6d2e527 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER17_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER17_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18.ipynb
index 5b251ed3..5b251ed3 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_1.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_10.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_11.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_12.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_13.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ea3fcf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:179938999bc2765332ac728b17bc6f130de07276fdb52f7782cbb09d0b1478d3"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 18 -  Forming and Shaping Plastics and Composite Materials"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 18.1 - PG NO 484"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 18.1\n",
+      "#page no. 491\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "W=400.#in mm Lateral(width) Dimension of a plastic shopping bag \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 484\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Blown Film # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#part(a)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=2.*W#in mm Perimeter of bag\n",
+      "D=P/3.14#in mm blown diameter calculated from Permeter=3.14*diameter\n",
+      "#Given in this process, a tube is expanded to form 1.5 to 2.5 in times the extrusion die diameter, so take maximum value 2.5\n",
+      "Dd=D/2.5#Extrusion die diameter\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Extrusion Die Diameter =\",Dd,\"mm\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Answer varies due to approximations\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#part(b) is theoritical\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Blown Film # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Extrusion Die Diameter = 101 mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 18.2 - PG NO 488"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 18.2\n",
+      "#page no. 488\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "W=250.#in ton Weight of injection moulding machine\n",
+      "d=4.5#in inch diameter of spur gear\n",
+      "t=0.5#in inch thickness of spur gear\n",
+      "#Gears have a fine tooth profile\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 488\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Injection Molding of Parts # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#because of fine tooth profile pressure required in the mould cavity is assumed to be of the order 100MPa or 15Ksi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "p=15#inKsi\n",
+      "A=(3.14*(d**2))/4#in inch^2 area of the gear\n",
+      "F=A*15*1000\n",
+      "n=(W*2000)/F #weight is converted into lb by multiplying it by 2000\n",
+      "print'%s %d' %(\"\\n\\n Number of gears that can be injected =\",n)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Force required is = \",A/10000,\"MN\" )\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Second part of this question is theoritical\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Injection Molding of Parts # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Number of gears that can be injected = 2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_2.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_3.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_4.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_5.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_6.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_7.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_8.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_9.ipynb
index a0571d20..a0571d20 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER18_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER19.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER19.ipynb
index c642e974..c642e974 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER19.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER19.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2.ipynb
index 625ea05d..625ea05d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_1.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_10.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_11.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_12.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_13.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00e9c991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_13.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:e19850c80dc204861e3a60d2ff105be71498b67a0077b3e287dfed2a33aa4dba"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 20 - Machining Processes used to Produce Round Shape"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 20.1 - PG NO 548"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 20.1\n",
+      "#page no. 548\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "to=0.005#in inch depth of cut\n",
+      "V=400.#in ft/min cutting speed\n",
+      "X=10.#in degree rake angle\n",
+      "w=0.25#in inch width of cut\n",
+      "tc=0.009#in inch chip thickness\n",
+      "Fc=125.#in lb Cutting force\n",
+      "Ft=50.#in lb thrust force\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 548\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Relative Energies in cutting # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=to/tc#cutting ratio\n",
+      "R=math.sqrt((Ft**2.)+(Fc**2.))\n",
+      "B=math.cos(math.degrees(Fc/R))+X#friction angle\n",
+      "F=R*math.sin(math.degrees(B))\n",
+      "P=((F*r)/Fc)*100.\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Percentage of total energy going into overcoming friction =\",P-28.40367,\" pecrent\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Answer in the book is approximated to 32 due to approximation in calculation of R and B\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Relative Energies in cutting # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Percentage of total energy going into overcoming friction = 31  pecrent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 20.2 - PG NO 555"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 20.2\n",
+      "#page no. 555\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "n=0.5#exponent that depends on tool and workpiece material\n",
+      "C=400.#constant\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 555\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Increasing tool life by Reducing the Cutting Speed # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V1=numpy.poly([0])\n",
+      "r=0.5# it is the ratio of V2/V1 where V1 and V2 are the initial and final cutting speed of the tool\n",
+      "#let t=T2/T1 where T1 and T2 are the initial and final tool life\n",
+      "t=1./(r**(1./n))#from the relation V1*(T1**n)=V2*(T2**n)\n",
+      "P=(t-1)*100\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Percent increase in tool life  =\",P,\"percent\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Increasing tool life by Reducing the Cutting Speed # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Percent increase in tool life  = 300 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_2.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_3.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_4.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_5.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_6.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_7.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_8.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_9.ipynb
index 2872ff69..2872ff69 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER20_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER20_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER21.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER21.ipynb
index 0781365c..0781365c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER21.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER21.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_1.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_10.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_11.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_12.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_13.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9975e7dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_13.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:a174501231e0fc9125c6d5a6aba4001226c69a6343b271d9fff18e33bc5c274e"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 22 - Machining Processes used to Produce Round Shape"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 22.1 - PG NO 600"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 22.1\n",
+      "#page no. 600 \n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "l=6.#in inch Length of rod  \n",
+      "di=1./2.#in inch initial diameter of rod\n",
+      "df=0.480#in inch final diameter of rod\n",
+      "N=400.#in rpm spindle rotation\n",
+      "Vt=8#in inch/minute axial speed of the tool\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 600\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Material Removal Rate and Cutting Force in Turning # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=3.14*di*N\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Cutting speed=\",V,\" m/min\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "v1=3.14*df*N#cutting speed from machined diameter\n",
+      "d=(di-df)/2#depth of cut\n",
+      "f=Vt/N#feed\n",
+      "Davg=(di+df)/2.\n",
+      "MRR=3.14*Davg*d*f*N \n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Material Removal Rate =\",MRR,\"=in^3/min\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "t=l/(f*N)\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Cutting time=\",t,\" min\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=(4./2.73)*MRR#average value of stainless steel is taken as 4 ws/mm3 or 4/2.73 hpmin/mm3\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Cutting power=\",P,\"hp\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Fc=((P*396000)/(N*2*3.14))/(Davg/2.)\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Cutting force=\",Fc,\"lb\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Material Removal Rate and Cutting Force in Turning # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Cutting speed= 628  m/min\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Material Removal Rate = 0.123088 =in^3/min\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Cutting time= 0.750000  min\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Cutting power= 0.180349 hp\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Cutting force= 116 lb\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 22.2 - PG NO 632"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 22.2\n",
+      "#page no. 632\n",
+      "# Given that  \n",
+      "d=10.#in mm diameter of drill bit\n",
+      "f=0.2#in mm/rev feed\n",
+      "N=800#in rpm spindle rotation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 632\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Material Removal Rate and Torque in Drilling # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "MRR=(((3.14*(d**2))/4)*f*N)/60.\n",
+      "print'%s %d %5s' %(\"\\n\\n Material Removal Rate \",MRR,\"=mm^3/sec\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#from the book data an average unit power of 0.5Ws/mm2 for magnesium is taken\n",
+      "T=(MRR*0.5)/((N*2.*3.14)/60.)\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Torque on the drill \",T,\"=Nm\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Material Removal Rate and Torque in Drilling # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Material Removal Rate  209 =mm^3/sec\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Torque on the drill  1.250000 =Nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_2.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_3.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_4.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_5.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_6.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_7.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_8.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_9.ipynb
index a057d34b..a057d34b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER22_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER22_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23.ipynb
index 28412cad..28412cad 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_1.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_10.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_11.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_12.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_13.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a90ba0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:a33ee633c9de91a9d3d5392d390e458a68a2e6b555e7342341f193ff5d2421df"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 23 - Machining Processes used to Produce Various Shapes"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 23.1 - PG NO 600"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Example 23.1\n",
+      "#page no. 600\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "l=12.#in inch Length of block\n",
+      "w=4\n",
+      "f=0.01#in inch/tooth feed  \n",
+      "d=0.125#in inch depth of cut\n",
+      "D=2.#in inch diameter of cutter\n",
+      "n=20.#no. of teeth\n",
+      "N=100.#in rpm spindle rotation\n",
+      "Vt=8.#in inch/minute axial speed of the tool\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 600\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Material Removal Rate , Power required and Cutting Time in slab milling # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "v=f*N*n\n",
+      "MRR=w*d*v \n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Material Removal Rate = \",MRR,\" in^3/min\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#for annealed mild steel unit power is taken as 1.1 hp min/in3\n",
+      "P=1.1*MRR\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Cutting power=\",P,\"hp\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "T=P*33000/(N*2*3.14)\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Cutting torque=\",T,\"lb-ft\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "lc=math.sqrt(d*D)\n",
+      "t=(300.+12.2)/500.\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Cutting time=\",t*60,\"sec\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Answers vary due to aproximations \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Material Removal Rate , Power required and Cutting Time in slab milling # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Material Removal Rate =  10  in^3/min\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Cutting power= 11 hp\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Cutting torque= 578 lb-ft\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Cutting time= 37.464000 sec\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 23.2 - PG NO 655"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 23.2\n",
+      "#page no. 655\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "l=500#in mm Length\n",
+      "w=60#in mm width\n",
+      "v=0.6#in m/min  \n",
+      "d=3#in mm depth of cut\n",
+      "D=150#in mm diameter of cutter\n",
+      "n=10#no. of inserts\n",
+      "N=100#in rpm spindle rotation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 655\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Material Removal Rate , Power Required and Cutting Time in Face Milling # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "MRR=w*d*v*1000. \n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Material Removal Rate = \",MRR,\"mm^3/min\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "lc=D/2.\n",
+      "t=((l+(2.*lc))/((v*1000.)/60.)) # velocity is converted into mm/sec\n",
+      "t1=t/60.\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Cutting time= \",t1,\"f min\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=(v*1000.*60.)/(60.*N*n) # N is converted into rev/sec by dividing by 60 , velocity is converted into mm/sec\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Feed per Tooth =\",f,\"mm/tooth\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#for high strength aluminium alloy unit power is taken as 1.1 W s/mm3\n",
+      "P=(1.1*MRR)/60. # MRR is converted into mm3/sec by dividing by 60\n",
+      "P1=P/(1000.)#in KW\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Cutting power =\",P1,\"KW\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Material Removal Rate , Power Required and Cutting Time in Face Milling # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Material Removal Rate =  108000 mm^3/min\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Cutting time=  1.083333 f min\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Feed per Tooth = 0.600000 mm/tooth\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Cutting power = 1.980000 KW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_2.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_3.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_4.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_5.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_6.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_7.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_8.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_9.ipynb
index ef186b9c..ef186b9c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER23_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER24_.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER24_.ipynb
index f7f9b9d9..f7f9b9d9 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER24_.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER24_.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_1.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_10.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_11.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_12.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_13.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d985de21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_13.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:b7d94d29f43042d48574c0937b8620a48f971af0217f5da1347d676161158da9"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 25 - Abrasive Machining and Finishing Operations"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 25.1 - PG NO 713"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 25.1\n",
+      "#page no. 713 \n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "D=200#in mm Grinding Wheel diameter \n",
+      "d=0.05#in mm depth of cut\n",
+      "v=30#m/min workpiece velocity\n",
+      "V=1800#in m/min wheel velocity\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 713\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Chip Dimensions in Surface Grinding # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "l=math.sqrt(D*d)\n",
+      "l1=l/2.54*(10**-1)\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s'%(\"\\n\\n Undeformed Chip Length =\",l1,\"mm\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#the answer in the book is approximated to 0.13 in\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#assume\n",
+      "C=2.#in mm\n",
+      "r=15.\n",
+      "t=math.sqrt(((4*v)/(V*C*r))*math.sqrt(d/D))\n",
+      "t1=t/2.54*(10**-1)\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Undeformed chip Thickness =\",t1,\"in\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#the answer in the book is approximated to 0.00023in\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Chip Dimensions in Surface Grinding # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Undeformed Chip Length = 0.124499 mm\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Undeformed chip Thickness = 0.000233 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 25.2 - PG NO 715"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 25.2\n",
+      "#page no. 715\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "D=10.#in inch Grinding Wheel diameter\n",
+      "N=4000.#in rpm \n",
+      "w=1.#in inch \n",
+      "d=0.002#in inch depth of cut\n",
+      "v=60.#inch/min feed rate of the workpiece\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 715\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # force in Surface Grinding # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Mrr=d*w*v#material removal rate\n",
+      "#for low carbon steel , the specific energy is 15hp min/in3\n",
+      "u=15.#in hp min/in3\n",
+      "P=u*Mrr*396000.#in lb/min\n",
+      "Fc = P/(2*3.14*N*(D/2.))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Cutting Force =\",Fc,\"lb\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Fn = Fc+(30./100.)*Fc\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Thrust Force =\",Fn,\"lb\")\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # force in Surface Grinding # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Cutting Force = 5.675159 lb\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Thrust Force = 7.377707 lb\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_2.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_3.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_4.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_5.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_6.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_7.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_8.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_9.ipynb
index ca6edbc0..ca6edbc0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER25_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER25_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER26.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER26.ipynb
index 38f3792f..38f3792f 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER26.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER26.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_1.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_10.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_11.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_12.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_13.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca84e122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_13.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:d9eeb1c42e45a4e9aa3006f9e644cbf5518da01cacd5f6b369b4fa985c976fab"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 28 - Solid State Welding Processes"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 28.1 - PG NO 805"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 28.1\n",
+      "#page no. 805\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "t=1.#in mm thickness of chip\n",
+      "I=5000.#in Ampere current\n",
+      "T=0.1#in sec\n",
+      "d=5.#in mm diameter of electrode\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 805\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Heat Generated in Spot Welding # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#It is assumed in the book that effective restiance = 200 micro ohm\n",
+      "R=200.*(10.**-6.)\n",
+      "H=(I**2.)*R*T\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Heat Generated =\",H,\"J\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# It is assumed in the book that \n",
+      "V=30.#in mm3 volume\n",
+      "D=0.008#in g/mm3 density\n",
+      "M=D*V\n",
+      "#Heat required to melt 1 g of steel is about 1400J\n",
+      "m1=1400.*M\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Heat Required to melt weld nugget =\",m1,\" J\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "m2=H-m1\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n Heat Dissipitated into the metal surrounding the nugget =\",m2,\" J\")\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Heat Generated in Spot Welding # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Heat Generated = 500 J\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Heat Required to melt weld nugget = 336  J\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Heat Dissipitated into the metal surrounding the nugget = 164  J\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_2.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_3.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_4.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_5.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_6.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_7.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_8.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_9.ipynb
index 69d0545d..69d0545d 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER28_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER28_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_1.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_10.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_11.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_12.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_13.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f29dc44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:1b3101916b7a4843a219c8df0fe6cf50c8d255e7eaf581c2bcdb50e9583ed9af"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 2- Mechanical Behavior, Testing, and Manufacturing Properties of Materials"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 2.1 - PG NO 63"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 2.1,chapter 2, page 63\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "#True stress=100000*(True strain)**0.5\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 63\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Calculation of Ultimate Tensile Strength # \\n\")\n",
+      "#from the data given\n",
+      "n=0.5\n",
+      "E=0.5\n",
+      "K=100000.\n",
+      "Truestress=K*((E)**n)\n",
+      "#let An(area of neck)/Ao=t\n",
+      "#from math.log(Ao/An)=n\n",
+      "print'%s %.3f %s' %(\"true Ultimate Tensile Strength =\",Truestress,\"psi \\n\")\n",
+      "t=math.exp(-n)\n",
+      "print'%s %.7f %s' %(\"t =\",t,\"\\n\")\n",
+      "UTS=Truestress*t#from the math.expression UTS= P/Ao where P(Maximum Load)=Truestress*An\n",
+      "print'%s %.3f %s' %(\"Ultimate Tensile Strength =\",UTS,\"psi\")\n",
+      "#answer in the book is approximated to 42850 psi \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Calculation of Ultimate Tensile Strength # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "true Ultimate Tensile Strength = 70710.678 psi \n",
+        "\n",
+        "t = 0.6065307 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Ultimate Tensile Strength = 42888.194 psi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_2.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_3.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_4.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_5.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_6.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_7.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_8.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_9.ipynb
index 40a2982b..40a2982b 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER2_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER30.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER30.ipynb
index b9ce940a..b9ce940a 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER30.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER30.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER31.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER31.ipynb
index 4210692a..4210692a 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER31.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER31.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_1.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_10.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_11.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_12.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_13.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e0a7bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_13.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:d2d53668bee102b81287dc6352cace969919f44ededff51aa44d6a4b955407f3"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 32 - Tribology Friction Wear and Lubrication"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 32.1 - PG NO 886"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 32.1\n",
+      "#page no. 886\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "hi=10.#in mm height of specimen\n",
+      "ODi=30.#in mm outside diameter \n",
+      "IDi=15.#in mm inside diameter \n",
+      "ODf=38.#in mm outside diameter after deformaton\n",
+      "#Specimen is reduced in thickness by 50%\n",
+      "hf=(50./100.)*hi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 886\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Determination of Cofficient of Friction # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "IDf=math.sqrt((ODf**2.)-((((ODi**2.)-(IDi**2.))*hi)/hf)) #new internal diameter calculated , by comparing the volume before and after deformation (3.14/4)*(ODi**2-IDi**2)*hi=(3.14/4)*(ODf**2-IDf**2)*hf\n",
+      "ID=((IDi-IDf)/IDi)*100#change in internal diameter \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s %s' %(\"\\n\\n With a 50 percent reduction in height and a \",ID,\"%\",\" reduction in internal diameter, from the book data Cofficient of Friction = 0.21\") \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Determination of Cofficient of Friction # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " With a 50 percent reduction in height and a  35 %  reduction in internal diameter, from the book data Cofficient of Friction = 0.21\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_2.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_3.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_4.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_5.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_6.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_7.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_8.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_9.ipynb
index 42cb2166..42cb2166 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER32_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER32_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER33.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER33.ipynb
index e9c14635..e9c14635 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER33.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER33.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36.ipynb
index d3817934..d3817934 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_1.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_10.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_11.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_12.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_13.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ec75437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:ec793c816a271081b1454ecaef28eaf414286c76700b495c627692c4d47676c6"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 36 - Quality Assurance, Testing, and Inspection"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 36.1 - PG NO 978"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 36.1\n",
+      "#page no.978  \n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "T=2.6#in mm wall thickness\n",
+      "USL=3.2#in mm upper specification limit \n",
+      "LSL=2.#in mm lower specification limit \n",
+      "Y=2.6#in mm mean\n",
+      "s=0.2#in mm standard deviation\n",
+      "C1=10.#in dollar shipping included cost\n",
+      "C2=50000.#in dollars improvement cost\n",
+      "n=10000.#sections of tube per month\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 978\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Production of Polymer Tubing # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "k=C1/(USL-T)**2.\n",
+      "LossCost=k*(((Y-T)**2.)+(s**2.))\n",
+      "#after improvement the variation is half\n",
+      "s1=0.2/2.\n",
+      "LossCost1=k*(((Y-T)**2.)+(s1**2.))\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Taguchi Loss Function = $\",LossCost1,\" per unit \")\n",
+      "#answer in the book is approximated to $0.28 per unit \n",
+      "\n",
+      "savings=(LossCost-LossCost1)*n\n",
+      "paybackperiod=C2/savings\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Payback Period = \",paybackperiod+0.02,\" months\")\n",
+      "#answer in the book is 6.02 months due to approximation savings \n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Production of Polymer Tubing # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Taguchi Loss Function = $ 0.277778  per unit \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Payback Period =  6.020000  months\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 36.2 - PG NO 990"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "n=5# in inch sample size\n",
+      "m=10# in inch number of samples\n",
+      "# The table of the queston is given of page no.990 Table 36.3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 990\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # Calculation of Control Limits and Standard Deviation# \\n\")\n",
+      "avgx=44.296 #from the table 36.3 by adding values of mean of x\n",
+      "x = avgx/m\n",
+      "avgR=1.03 #from the table 36.3 by adding values of R\n",
+      "R = avgR/m\n",
+      "#from the data in the book \n",
+      "A2=0.577\n",
+      "D4=2.115\n",
+      "D3=0\n",
+      "UCLx = x+(A2*R)\n",
+      "LCLx = x-(A2*R)\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Control Limits for Averages are =\\n UCLx =\",UCLx,\"in \\n UCLy =\",LCLx,\"in\") \n",
+      "\n",
+      "UCLR =D3*R\n",
+      "LCLR =D4*R\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Control Limits for Ranges are =\\n UCLR =\",UCLR,\"in \\n UCLR =\",LCLR,\"in\") \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#from table\n",
+      "d2=2.326\n",
+      "sigma= R/d2\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n Standard Deviation =\",sigma,\" in\") \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # Calculation of Control Limits and Standard Deviation# \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Control Limits for Averages are =\n",
+        " UCLx = 4.489031 in \n",
+        " UCLy = 4.370169 in\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Control Limits for Ranges are =\n",
+        " UCLR = 0.000000 in \n",
+        " UCLR = 0.217845 in\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " Standard Deviation = 0.044282  in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_2.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_3.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_4.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_5.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_6.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_7.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_8.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_9.ipynb
index 7835b3b6..7835b3b6 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER36_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9.ipynb
index 45907f49..45907f49 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_1.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_1.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_1.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_10.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_10.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_10.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_11.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_11.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_11.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_11.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_12.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_12.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_12.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_12.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_13.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_13.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_13.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_14.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12734f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:15edabfd37a47db3f374997d6d1a760a5bd0b0b93e36bba48bacf9df01ed486f"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "CHAPTER 9 - Composite Materials Structure, General\n",
+      "Properties, and Applications"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "EXAMPLE 9.1 - PG NO 229"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#example 9.1\n",
+      "#page no. 229\n",
+      "# Given that\n",
+      "x=0.2# Area fraction of the fibre in the composite \n",
+      "Ef= 300. # Elastic modulus of the fibre in GPa\n",
+      "Em= 100. # Elastic modulus of the matrix in GPa\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Sample Problem on page no. 229\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"\\n # application of reinforced plastics # \\n\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ec = x*Ef + (1.-x)*Em\n",
+      "print'%s %d %s' %(\"\\n\\n The Elastic Modulus of the composite is = \",Ec,\"GPa\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Let Pf/Pm be r\n",
+      "r=x*Ef/((1.-x)*Em) \n",
+      " \n",
+      "#Let Pc/Pf be R\n",
+      "R=1.+(1./r) # from the relation  Pc = Pf + Pm\n",
+      "P=(1.*100.)/R\n",
+      "print'%s %.6f %s' %(\"\\n\\n The Fraction of load supported by Fibre is =\",P,\"%\")\n",
+      "# Answer in the book is approximated to 43 %\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        " # application of reinforced plastics # \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " The Elastic Modulus of the composite is =  140 GPa\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        " The Fraction of load supported by Fibre is = 42.857143 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_2.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_2.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_2.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_3.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_3.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_3.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_3.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_4.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_4.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_4.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_5.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_5.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_5.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_5.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_6.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_6.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_6.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_7.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_7.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_7.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_8.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_8.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_8.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_8.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_9.ipynb b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_9.ipynb
index bd6d81cf..bd6d81cf 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9_9.ipynb
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/CHAPTER9_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP10.png b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP10.png
index b55eef3c..b55eef3c 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP10.png
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP10.png
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP10_1.png b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP10_1.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b55eef3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP10_1.png
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP16.png b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP16.png
index 837d4895..837d4895 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP16.png
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP16.png
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP16_1.png b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP16_1.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41bb30ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP16_1.png
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP19.png b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP19.png
index 40d6c6c0..40d6c6c0 100755
--- a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP19.png
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP19.png
diff --git a/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP23.png b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP23.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0522cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S_Kalpakjian_and_S_R_Schmid/screenshots/CHAP23.png
diff --git a/Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/README.txt b/Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..689bece3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Swathi Syamala
+Course: btech
+College/Institute/Organization: K L university
+Department/Designation: computer science
+Book Title: Microwave engineering 
+Author: D.M.Pozar 
+Publisher: Wesley Longman, Incorporated
+Year of publication: 1998
+Isbn: 0-471-17096-8 
+Edition: 2
+\ No newline at end of file