diff options
49 files changed, 35906 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_3ptASMI.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_3ptASMI.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..90e078d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_3ptASMI.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1739 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:4fa0d818a53ec5608949c7725a11f84c78952680d73d506e4179ac596da192fb" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 38: Synchronous Motor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.1, Page Number:1495" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=75#kW\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "loss=0.95\n", + "xs=2.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/4\n", + "pm=p*1000/loss\n", + "ia=pm/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "vol_phase=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mechanical power= 78947.3684211 W\n", + "armature current= 129.489444346 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.2, Page Number:1498" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=20\n", + "vl=693#V\n", + "r=10#ohm\n", + "lag=0.5#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#lag=0.5\n", + "alpha=p*lag/2\n", + "eb=vp=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "er=complex(vp-eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha)),eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha)))\n", + "zs=complex(0,10)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "power_input=3*vp*abs(ia)*math.cos(math.radians(cmath.phase(ia)))\n", + "print \"displacement:0.5%\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",alpha,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"armature emf/phase=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"armature current/phase=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power drawn=\",power_input,\"W\"\n", + "print \"\"\n", + "\n", + "#lag=5\n", + "lag=5\n", + "alpha=p*lag/2\n", + "eb=vp=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "er=complex(vp-eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha)),eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha)))\n", + "zs=complex(0,10)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "power_input=3*vp*abs(ia)*math.cos(math.radians(cmath.phase(ia)))\n", + "\n", + "print \"displacement:5%\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",alpha,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"armature emf/phase=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"armature current/phase=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power drawn=\",power_input,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "displacement:0.5%\n", + "alpha= 5.0 degrees\n", + "armature emf/phase= 400.103736548 V\n", + "armature current/phase= (3.4871338335-0.152251551219j) A\n", + "power drawn= 4189.63221768 W\n", + "\n", + "displacement:5%\n", + "alpha= 50 degrees\n", + "armature emf/phase= 400.103736548 V\n", + "armature current/phase= (30.6497244054-14.2922012106j) A\n", + "power drawn= 40591.222447 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.3, Page Number:1499" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V/ph\n", + "i=32.0#A/ph\n", + "xs=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e=math.sqrt(v**2+(i*xs)**2)\n", + "delta=math.atan((i*xs)/v)\n", + "power=3*v*i\n", + "power_other=3*(v*e/10)*math.sin(delta)*0.001\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"E=\",e,\"V\"\n", + "print \"delta=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "E= 512.249938995 V\n", + "delta= 38.6598082541 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.4, Page Number:1506" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=150#kW\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v=2300#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "xd=32#ohm\n", + "xq=20#ohm\n", + "alpha=16#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=2*vp\n", + "ex_power=eb*vp*math.sin(math.radians(alpha))/xd\n", + "rel_power=(vp**2*(xd-xq)*math.sin(math.radians(2*alpha)))/(2*xd*xq)\n", + "pm=3*(ex_power+rel_power)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 1121.29686485 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.5, Page Number:1506" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=Symbol('x')\n", + "v=3300.0#V\n", + "P=1.5#MW\n", + "phi=3.0\n", + "xd=4.0#ohm per phase\n", + "xq=3.0#ohm per phase\n", + "sin_phi=0\n", + "cos_phi=1\n", + "phi=0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v1=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ia=P*math.pow(10,6)/(math.sqrt(3)*v*cos_phi)\n", + "tan_sigma=(v1*sin_phi-ia*xq)/(v1*cos_phi)\n", + "sigma=math.atan(tan_sigma)\n", + "alpha=phi-sigma\n", + "i_d=ia*math.sin(sigma)\n", + "iq=ia*math.cos(sigma)\n", + "eb=v1*math.cos(alpha)-i_d*xd\n", + "#eb=1029sin(alpha)+151sin(2*alpha)\n", + "#dPm/d(alpha)=1029sin(alpha)+151sin(2*alpha)=0\n", + "ans=solve([(604.0*x**2+1029.0*x-302.0)],[x])\n", + "alpha2=math.acos(math.radians(ans[1][0]))\n", + "Pm=1029*math.sin(alpha2)+151*math.sin(alpha2)\n", + "max_P=Pm*3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Maximum mechanical power which the motor would develop=\",round(max_P),\"kW\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Maximum mechanical power which the motor would develop= 3540.0 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.6, Page Number:1506" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=11000#V\n", + "ia=60#A\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "x=30#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p2=math.sqrt(3)*v*ia*pf\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*3\n", + "pm=p2-cu_loss\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "z_drop=ia*zs\n", + "eb=math.sqrt((vp**2+z_drop**2-(2*vp*z_drop*math.cos(theta+phi))))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power supplied=\",p2/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm/1000,\"KW\"\n", + "print \"induced emf=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "\n", + " " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power supplied= 914.522826396 kW\n", + "mechanical power= 903.722826396 KW\n", + "induced emf= 13039.2734763 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.7, Page Number:1507" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "i=32#A\n", + "pf=1\n", + "xd=10#ohm\n", + "xq=6.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e=math.sqrt(v**2+(i*xq)**2)+((xd-xq)*14.8)\n", + "delta=math.atan((i*xq)/v)\n", + "power=3*v*i\n", + "power_other=3*(v*e/10)*math.sin(delta)*0.001\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"E=\",e,\"V\"\n", + "print \"delta=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "E= 502.648089715 V\n", + "delta= 27.4744316263 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.8, Page Number:1508" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "output=7.46#kW\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "r=0.8#ohm\n", + "loss=500#W\n", + "ex_loss=800#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pm=output*1000+loss+ex_loss\n", + "ia=(v*pf-math.sqrt(v**2*pf**2-4*r*pm))/(2*r)\n", + "m_input=loss*ia*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*1000/m_input\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"commercial efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "commercial efficiency= 82.1029269497 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.9, Page Number:1509" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2300#V\n", + "r=0.2#ohm\n", + "x=2.2#ohm\n", + "pf=0.5\n", + "il=200#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x//r)\n", + "v=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi+theta)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb,\"volt/phase\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Eb= 1708.04482042 volt/phase\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.10, Page Number:1509" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "vl=6600#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "il=50#A\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "x=20#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#0.8 lagging\n", + "power_i=math.sqrt(3)*v*f*pf\n", + "v=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(x**2+r**2)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi-theta)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "print \"0.8 lag: Eb=\",eb\n", + "\n", + "#0.8 leading\n", + "power_i=math.sqrt(3)*v*f*pf\n", + "v=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(x**2+r**2)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi+theta)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "print \"0.8 leading:Eb=\",eb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.8 lag: Eb= 5651.1180113\n", + "0.8 leading:Eb= 7705.24623679\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.11, Page Number:1510" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=0.4\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=100#V\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#pf=1\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2)\n", + "#pf=0.8 lag\n", + "eb2=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2-(2*v*x*v*math.cos(math.radians(90)-phi)))\n", + "#pf=0.8 lead\n", + "eb3=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2-(2*v*x*v*math.cos(math.radians(90)+phi)))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pf=1: Eb=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"pf=0.8 lag:Eb=\",eb2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"pf=0.8 lead:Eb=\",eb3,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf=1: Eb= 107.703296143 V\n", + "pf=0.8 lag:Eb= 82.4621125124 V\n", + "pf=0.8 lead:Eb= 128.062484749 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.12, Page Number:1510" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaraion\n", + "load=1000#kVA\n", + "v=11000#V\n", + "r=3.5#ohm\n", + "x=40#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "ra=ia*r\n", + "xa=ia*x\n", + "za=math.sqrt(ra**2+xa**2)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "\n", + "#pf=1\n", + "eb1=math.sqrt(vp**2+za**2-(2*vp*za*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "alpha1=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta)/eb1)\n", + "\n", + "#pf=0.8 lag\n", + "eb2=math.sqrt(vp**2+xa**2-(2*vp*xa*math.cos(theta-phi)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha2=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta-phi)/eb2)\n", + "#pf=1\n", + "eb3=math.sqrt(vp**2+xa**2-(2*vp*xa*math.cos(theta+phi)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha3=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta+phi)/eb3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"at pf=1\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb1*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha1),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"at pf=0.8 lagging\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"at pf=0.8 leading\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb3,\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha3),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "at pf=1\n", + "Eb= 11283.8105339 V\n", + "alpha= 18.7256601694 degrees\n", + "at pf=0.8 lagging\n", + "Eb= 8990.39249633 V\n", + "alpha= 10.0142654731 degrees\n", + "at pf=0.8 leading\n", + "Eb= 13283.8907748 V\n", + "alpha= 7.71356041367 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.14, Page Number:1513" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=complex(0.5,0.866)\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "output=6000#W\n", + "loss=500#W\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=i**2*z.real\n", + "motor_intake=output+loss+cu_loss\n", + "phi=math.acos(motor_intake/(v*i))\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "zs=abs(z)*i\n", + "eb1=math.sqrt(v**2+zs**2-(2*v*zs*math.cos(math.radians(60)-phi)))\n", + "eb2=math.sqrt(v**2+zs**2-(2*v*zs*math.cos(math.radians(60)+phi)))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"lag:eb=\",eb1,\"V\"\n", + "print \"lag:eb=\",eb2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "lag:eb= 154.286783862 V\n", + "lag:eb= 213.765547573 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 65 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.15, Page Number:1513" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2200#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "z=complex(0.4,6)\n", + "lag=3#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha=lag*8/2\n", + "er=math.sqrt(eb**2+eb**2-(2*eb*eb*(math.cos(math.radians(alpha)))))\n", + "zs=abs(z)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "phi=theta-(math.asin(eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha))/er))\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "total_input=3*eb*ia*pf\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*z.real\n", + "pm=total_input-cu_loss\n", + "pm_max=(eb*eb/zs)-(eb**2*z.real/(zs**2))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"power of the motor=\",pm/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"max power of motor=\",pm_max/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 44.1583059199 A\n", + "power factor= 0.99927231631\n", + "power of the motor= 165.803353329 kW\n", + "max power of motor= 250.446734776 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 72 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.16, Page Number:1514" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "eb=250#V\n", + "lead=150#degrees\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "x=2.5#times resistance\n", + "alpha=lead/3\n", + "#calculations\n", + "er=math.sqrt(v**2+eb**2-(2*v*eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha))))\n", + "theta=math.atan(x)\n", + "phi=math.radians(90)-theta\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"pf at which the motor is operating=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf at which the motor is operating= 0.928476690885\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 73 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.17, Page Number:1514" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "r=10#ohm\n", + "inpt=900#kW\n", + "e=8900#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "icos=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "bc=r*icos\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-bc**2)\n", + "oc=ac-vp\n", + "phi=math.atan(oc/bc)\n", + "i=icos/math.cos(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Line current=\",i,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Line current= 149.188331836 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 82 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.18, Page Number:1515" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "x=20#ohm\n", + "inpt=1000#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "inpt2=1500#kW\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "va=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ia1=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "ia1zs=ia1*zs\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(va**2+ia1zs**2-(2*va*ia1zs*math.cos(math.radians(90)+phi)))\n", + "ia2cosphi2=inpt2*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "cosphi2=x*ia2cosphi2\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-cosphi2*2)\n", + "phi2=math.atan(ac/cosphi2)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "alpha2=math.atan(cosphi2/ac)\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"new power angle=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new power angle= 25.8661450552 degrees\n", + "new power factor= 0.436270181217\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.19, Page Number:1515" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "inpt=5472#W\n", + "x=10#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "va=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "iacosphi=inpt/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "iazs=iacosphi*zs\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(va**2-iazs**2)\n", + "oc=va-ac\n", + "bc=iazs\n", + "phi=math.atan(oc/iazs)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "ia=iacosphi/pf\n", + "alpha=math.atan(bc/ac)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load angle=\",math.degrees(alpha),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load angle= 19.9987718079 degrees\n", + "power factor= 0.984809614116\n", + "armature current= 8.01997824686 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.20, Page Number:1515" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "import scipy\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "v=2000.0#V\n", + "r=0.2#ohm\n", + "xs=2.2#ohm\n", + "inpt=800.0#kW\n", + "e=2500.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ep=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", + "i2=solve(((i1*xs+r*i2)**2+(vp+i1*r-xs*i2)**2)-ep**2,i2)\n", + "i=math.sqrt(i1**2+i2[0]**2)\n", + "pf=i1/i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line currrent=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line currrent= 241.492937915 A\n", + "power factor= 0.956301702525\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 152 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.21, Page Number:1516" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "inpt=7.46#kW\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "pf=0.75\n", + "loss=500#W\n", + "ex_loss=650#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", + "power=inpt*1000+ex_loss\n", + "output=inpt*1000-cu_loss-loss\n", + "efficiency=output/power\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power=\",power,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 13.0516151762 A\n", + "power= 8110.0 W\n", + "efficiency= 82.6693343026 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 156 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.22, Page Number:1517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "v=3300#V\n", + "x=18#ohm\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "inpt=800#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "ip=ia/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "iazs=ip*zs\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.radians(90)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+iazs**2-(2*v*iazs*(-1)*pf))\n", + "alpha=math.asin(iazs*math.sin(theta+phi)/eb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"excitation emf=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"rotor angle=\",math.degrees(alpha),\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "excitation emf= 4972.19098879 V\n", + "rotor angle= 17.0098509277 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.23, Page Number:1517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "inpt=75#kW\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "r=0.04#ohm\n", + "x=0.4#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "efficiency=0.925\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", + "ia=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", + "iazs=ia*zs\n", + "phi=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "theta=math.radians(90)-phi\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", + "ns=120*50/40\n", + "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf=\",eb,\"eb\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf= 235.683320812 eb\n", + "mechanical power= 79437.5456538 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.24, Page Number:1517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "zs=x=4#ohm\n", + "i=15#A\n", + "i2=60#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "iazs=i*zs\n", + "xs=math.sqrt(x**2-r**2)\n", + "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "iazs2=i2*zs\n", + "phi=theta-math.acos(vp**2-vp**2+iazs2**2/(2*vp*iazs2))\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "input_m=math.sqrt(3)*v*i2*pf\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "ns=120*50/6\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"gross torque developed=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "gross torque developed= 310.739709828 N-m\n", + "new power factor= 0.912650996943\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 161 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.25, Page Number:1518" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "inpt=7.46#kW\n", + "xs=10#W/phase\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", + "il=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "zs=il*xs\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+zs**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"minimum current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"inducedemf=\",eb,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "minimum current= 12.6677441416 A\n", + "inducedemf= 263.401798584 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 164 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.26, Page Number:1518" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "inpt=37.5#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "zs=complex(0.2,1.6)\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=inpt/efficiency\n", + "ia=input_m*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "er=ia*abs(zs)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(zs.imag/zs.real)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+er**2-(2*vp*er*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "alpha=math.asin(math.sin(theta+phi)*er/eb)\n", + "pm=3*eb*vp*math.sin(alpha)/abs(zs)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"excitation emf=\",eb*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", + "print \"total mechanical power developed=\",pm,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "excitation emf= 495.407915636 V\n", + "total mechanical power developed= 44844.4875189 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 206 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.27, Page Number:1519" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "import scipy\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600.0#V\n", + "xs=20.0#ohm\n", + "inpt=1000.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "inpt2=1500.0#kW\n", + "phi2=Symbol('phi2')\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "theta=math.radians(90)\n", + "er=ia*xs\n", + "zs=xs\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+er**2-(2*vp*er*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "alpha=math.asin(inpt2*1000*zs/(3*eb*vp))\n", + "#vp/eb=cos(alpha+phi2)/cos(phi2)\n", + "#solving we get\n", + "phi2=math.radians(19.39)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new power factor= 0.943280616635\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 228 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.28, Page Number:1519" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "x=4#ohms/phase\n", + "r=0.5#ohms/phase\n", + "ia=60#A\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "loss=2#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=abs(complex(r,x))\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "iazs=ia*zs\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "pm_max=(eb*vp/zs)-(eb**2*r/zs**2)\n", + "pm=3*pm_max\n", + "output=pm-loss*1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum power output=\",output/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum power output= 51.3898913442 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 229 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.29, Page Number:1519" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=10#ohm\n", + "x=0.5#ohm\n", + "v=2000#V\n", + "f=25#Hz\n", + "eb=1600#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pf=x/z\n", + "pm_max=(eb*v/z)-(eb**2*pf/zs)\n", + "ns=120*f/6\n", + "tg_max=9.55*pm_max/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum total torque=\",tg_max,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum total torque= 5505.51976175 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 231 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.30, Page Number:1520" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variabke declaration\n", + "v=2000#V\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "x=3#ohm/phase\n", + "ia=200#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=ia*x\n", + "sinphi=(eb**2-vp**2-zs**2)/(2*zs*vp)\n", + "phi=math.asin(sinphi)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "pi=math.sqrt(3)*v*ia*pf/1000\n", + "tg=9.55*pi*1000/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power input=\",pi,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power input= 669.029147347 kW\n", + "power factor= 0.965660395791\n", + "torque= 4259.48557144 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 234 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.31, Page Number:1520" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=3300#V\n", + "r=2#ohm\n", + "x=18#ohm\n", + "e=3800#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha=theta\n", + "er=math.sqrt(vp**2+eb**2-(2*vp*eb*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "pm_max=((eb*vp/zs)-(eb**2*r/zs**2))*3\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", + "input_m=pm_max+cu_loss\n", + "pf=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v*ia)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum total mechanical power=\",pm_max,\"W\"\n", + "print \"current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum total mechanical power= 604356.888001 W\n", + "current= 151.417346198 A\n", + "pf= 0.857248980398\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 235 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.32, Page Number:1521" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=415#V\n", + "e=520#V\n", + "z=complex(0.5,4)\n", + "loss=1000#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "er=math.sqrt(v**2+e**2-(2*v*e*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "zs=abs(z)\n", + "i=er/zs\n", + "il=math.sqrt(3)*i\n", + "pm_max=((e*v/zs)-(e**2*z.real/zs**2))*3\n", + "output=pm_max-loss\n", + "cu_loss=3*i**2*z.real\n", + "input_m=pm_max+cu_loss\n", + "pf=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*il*v)\n", + "efficiency=output/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power output=\",output/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power output= 134.640174346 kW\n", + "line current= 268.015478962 A\n", + "power factor= 0.890508620247\n", + "efficiency= 78.4816159071 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 240 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.33, Page Number:1524" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "inpt=37.3#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "z=complex(0.2,1.6)\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=abs(z)\n", + "il=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*efficiency*pf)\n", + "izs=zs*il\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+izs**2-(2*vp*izs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", + "cu_loss=3*il**2*z.real\n", + "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced emf=\",eb*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", + "print \"total mechanical power=\",pm/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced emf= 494.75258624 V\n", + "total mechanical power= 39.6138268735 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 243 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.34, Page Number:1525" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "inpt=48#kW\n", + "v=693#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "ratio=0.3\n", + "x=2#W/phase\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "izs=zs*il\n", + "theta=math.atan(float(\"inf\"))\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+izs**2-(2*vp*izs*math.cos(theta-phi)))\n", + "i_cosphi=pf*il\n", + "bc=i_cosphi*x\n", + "eb=eb+(ratio*eb)\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-bc**2)\n", + "oc=ac-vp\n", + "phi2=math.atan(oc/bc)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "i2=i_cosphi/pf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current= 46.3871111945 A\n", + "pf= 0.862084919821\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 251 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.35, Page Number:1526" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=60.0#kW\n", + "inpt=240.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "total_load=inpt+load\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "kVAR=total_load*math.tan(phi)\n", + "#factory load\n", + "phil=math.acos(pf)\n", + "kVAR=inpt*math.tan(phil)\n", + "kVA=inpt/pf\n", + "kVAR1=total_load*math.sin(phil)\n", + "lead_kVAR=kVAR1-kVAR\n", + "#synchronous motor\n", + "phim=math.atan(lead_kVAR/load)\n", + "motorpf=math.cos(phim)\n", + "motorkVA=math.sqrt(load**2+lead_kVAR**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"leading kVAR supplied by the motor=\",motorkVA\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "leading kVAR supplied by the motor= 60.0\n", + "pf= 0.8\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 253 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_4wHa84D.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_4wHa84D.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..99cfc3c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_4wHa84D.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1258 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:add10f49c90b647cf79b01d40fd4e1ca71068a8e9a13aad0c70f06cfeaabeda4" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 35: Computations and Circle Diagrams" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.1, Page Number:1316" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "p=450#W\n", + "v=110#V\n", + "r=0.05#ohm\n", + "loss=135#w\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=3*i**2*r\n", + "core_loss=p-loss-cu_loss\n", + "volt=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "g=core_loss/(3*(v/math.sqrt(3))**2)\n", + "y=i*math.sqrt(3)/v\n", + "b=math.sqrt(y**2-g**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"exciting conductance=\",g,\"seimens/phase\"\n", + "print \"susceptance/phase=\",b,\"seimens/phase\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "exciting conductance= 0.0247933884298 seimens/phase\n", + "susceptance/phase= 0.155494939853 seimens/phase\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.2, Page Number:1317" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=110.0#V\n", + "i=25.0#A\n", + "v2=30.0#V\n", + "inpt=440.0#W\n", + "loss=40.0#W\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.6\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vs=v2/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "z01=vs/i\n", + "losses=inpt-loss\n", + "r01=losses/(3*i**2)\n", + "x01=math.sqrt(z01**2-r01**2)\n", + "dc_r=r/2.0\n", + "ac_r=dc_r*ratio\n", + "effective_r=r01-ac_r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"x01=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r1=\",ac_r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r2=\",effective_r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "x01= 0.659157711696 ohm\n", + "r1= 0.08 ohm\n", + "r2= 0.133333333333 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.10, Page Number:1333" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=1/4.0\n", + "slip=3.0\n", + "ratio2=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=math.sqrt(ratio/((ratio2**2)*0.01*slip))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Percentage Tapping=\",K*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Percentage Tapping= 72.1687836487 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.11, Page Number:1333" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=14.92#kW\n", + "v1=400#V\n", + "n=950#rpm\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v2=400#V\n", + "ratio=1.8\n", + "i=30#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=v1/math.sqrt(ratio)\n", + "If=6*v*i/v1\n", + "K=v/v1\n", + "kisc=K**2*6*i\n", + "ts_tf=(1/6.0)*6**2*(f/1000.0)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)voltage=\",v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"b)current=\",If,\"A\"\n", + "print \"c)line current=\",kisc,\"A\"\n", + "print \"d)percentage=\",ts_tf*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)voltage= 298.142397 V\n", + "b)current= 134.16407865 A\n", + "c)line current= 100.0 A\n", + "d)percentage= 30.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.12, Page Number:1334" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=5.0\n", + "per=5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=math.sqrt(ratio/3)\n", + "tst_tf=(3.0/5)*5**2*0.01*per*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"auto-transformation ratio=\",tst_tf,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "auto-transformation ratio= 75.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.13, Page Number:1334" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "per=3.5\n", + "v2=92.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=math.sqrt(2/(v/v2))\n", + "ts_tf=k**2*(v/v2)**2*0.01*per\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"auto-transformation ratio=\",ts_tf*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "auto-transformation ratio= 30.4347826087 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.14, Page Number:1336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=12.0#kW\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "i=45.0#A\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "isc=i*v/v2\n", + "if_=load*1000/(efficiency*math.sqrt(3)*pf*v)\n", + "ist=isc/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ratio=ist/if_\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio= 2.244\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.15, Page Number:1336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=60.0#A\n", + "n1=940.0#rpm\n", + "t=150.0#N-m\n", + "i2=300.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sf=(1000-n1)/1000\n", + "tst=t*(i2/i)**2*sf\n", + "s_i=i2/3\n", + "sd_tst=tst/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Starting torque=\",tst,\"N-m\"\n", + "print\"when star/delta is used:\"\n", + "print \"starting current=\",s_i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",sd_tst,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Starting torque= 225.0 N-m\n", + "when star/delta is used:\n", + "starting current= 100.0 A\n", + "starting torque= 75.0 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.16, Page Number:1336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "tapping=70.7\n", + "ratio=6.0\n", + "slip=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tst_tf=(1.0/3.0)*ratio**2.0*slip*0.01\n", + "tst_tf2=(1.0/2)*ratio**2.0*slip*0.01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"star-delta switch:starting torque=\",tst_tf*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"auto-transformer switch:starting torque=\",tst_tf2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "star-delta switch:starting torque= 48.0 %\n", + "auto-transformer switch:starting torque= 72.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 48 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.17, Page Number:1337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=11.2#W\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "n=960.0#rpm\n", + "i=86.4#A\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "isc=i/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ist=isc/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "il=load*1000/(efficiency*pf*math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "iph=il/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "tst_tf=(ist*math.sqrt(3)/il)**2*0.05\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst_tf*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting torque= 26.6369577796 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.18, Page Number:1337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=10.0#kW\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(efficiency*math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "isc=i*v/v2\n", + "iscp=isc/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ist=iscp/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ratio=ist/il\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio= 1.23388000387\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.19, Page Number:1337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3.73*1000#W\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slip=4.5\n", + "t=250.0\n", + "i=650.0\n", + "tap=60.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=i/3\n", + "im=i/3\n", + "tst=t/3\n", + "ilm=(tap/100)**2*i\n", + "imk=(tap/100)*i\n", + "tstk=(tap/100)**2*t\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"star/delta:\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",il,\"%\"\n", + "print \"motor current=\",im,\"%\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst,\"%\"\n", + "print \"60% taps:\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",ilm,\"%\"\n", + "print \"motor current=\",imk,\"%\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tstk,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " star/delta:\n", + "line current= 216.666666667 %\n", + "motor current= 216.666666667 %\n", + "starting torque= 83.3333333333 %\n", + "60% taps:\n", + "line current= 234.0 %\n", + "motor current= 390.0 %\n", + "starting torque= 90.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.20, Page Number:1338" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=180.0\n", + "flt=35.0\n", + "tap=75.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "isc=load*3.0/100\n", + "isck=tap**2*isc/100\n", + "sf=flt*3\n", + "tst_tf=tap**2*sf/100\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting current=\",isck,\"%\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst_tf/100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting current= 303.75 %\n", + "starting torque= 59.0625 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 68 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.21, Page Number:1338" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=7.46#kW\n", + "ic=1.7\n", + "t=35.0\n", + "ratio=60.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sf=t*3/100\n", + "il1=ic*3\n", + "tst=(ratio/1000)**2*sf*10000\n", + "il2=(ratio/100)*3*ic\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"auto-starter:\"\n", + "print \"line-current=\",il1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tst,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage decreased to 60%\"\n", + "print \"line-current\",il2,\"%\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tst,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "auto-starter:\n", + "line-current= 5.1 %\n", + "torque= 37.8 %\n", + "voltage decreased to 60%\n", + "line-current 3.06 %\n", + "torque= 37.8 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 71 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.22, Page Number:1342" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "slip=2.0\n", + "r=0.02#ohm\n", + "n=6.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "smax=r2=slip/100.0\n", + "R1=r2/smax\n", + "K=math.pow(smax,1.0/5)\n", + "R2=K*R1\n", + "R3=K*R2\n", + "R4=K*R3\n", + "R5=K*R4\n", + "p1=R1-R2\n", + "p2=R2-R3\n", + "p3=R3-R4\n", + "p4=R4-R5\n", + "p5=R5-r2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistances of various starter sections:\"\n", + "print \"p1=\",p1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p2=\",p2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p3=\",p3,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p4=\",p4,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p5=\",p5,\"ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistances of various starter sections:\n", + "p1= 0.542694948073 ohm\n", + "p2= 0.248177141409 ohm\n", + "p3= 0.113492660539 ohm\n", + "p4= 0.0519007670213 ohm\n", + "p5= 0.0237344829577 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 107 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.23, Page Number:1345" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "primary=complex(1,3)\n", + "outer=complex(3,1)\n", + "inner=complex(0.6,5)\n", + "s=4\n", + "outer2=complex(3/(s*0.01),1)\n", + "inner2=complex(0.6/(s*0.01),5)\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "z01=primary+1/((1/outer)+(1/inner))\n", + "current_per_phase=v/abs(z01)\n", + "torque=3*current_per_phase**2*(z01.real-1)\n", + "\n", + "print \"s=1: torque=\",torque,\"synch watt\"\n", + "\n", + "#s=4\n", + "z01=primary+1/((1/outer2)+(1/inner2))\n", + "current_per_phase=v/abs(z01)\n", + "torque=3*current_per_phase**2*(z01.real-1)\n", + "\n", + "print \"s=4: torque=\",torque,\"synch watt\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "s=1: torque= 35065.3642462 synch watt\n", + "s=4: torque= 32129.9449695 synch watt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.24, Page Number:1346" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "inner=complex(0.4,2)\n", + "outer=complex(2,0.4)\n", + "s=5\n", + "inner2=complex(0.4/(s*0.01),2)\n", + "outer2=complex(2/(s*0.01),0.4)\n", + "print \n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "zi=abs(inner)\n", + "zo=abs(outer)\n", + "r_ratio=inner.imag/outer.imag\n", + "to_ti=r_ratio*(zo/zi)**2\n", + "print \"Ratio of torques when s=1:\",to_ti\n", + "\n", + "#s=5\n", + "zi=abs(inner2)\n", + "zo=abs(outer2)\n", + "print zi\n", + "r_ratio=inner2.imag/outer2.imag\n", + "to_ti=r_ratio*(zi/zo)**2\n", + "\n", + "print \"Ratio of torques when s=5:\",to_ti" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "Ratio of torques when s=1: 5.0\n", + "8.24621125124\n", + "Ratio of torques when s=5: 0.212478752125\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.25, Page Number:1346" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "s=5\n", + "zi=complex(0.05,0.4)\n", + "zo=complex(0.5,0.1)\n", + "v=100#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "z=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "r2=z.real\n", + "z=abs(z)\n", + "i2=v/z\n", + "t=i2**2*r2\n", + "print \"s=1:torque=\",t,\"synch watts\"\n", + "\n", + "#s=0.01\n", + "zi=complex(0.05/(s*0.01),0.4)\n", + "zo=complex(0.5/(s*0.01),0.1)\n", + "z=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "r2=z.real\n", + "z=abs(z)\n", + "i2=v/z\n", + "t=i2**2*r2\n", + "print \"s=5:torque=\",t,\"synch watts\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "s=1:torque= 22307.6923077 synch watts\n", + "s=5:torque= 9620.58966517 synch watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 43 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.26, Page Number:1348" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "s=Symbol('s')\n", + "z2=complex(2,1.2)\n", + "z1=complex(0.5,3.5)\n", + "#Z1=((2/s)^2+1.2^2)^0.5\n", + "#Z2=((0.5/s)^2+3.5^2)^0.5\n", + "#T1=T2\n", + "ans=solve([(((2**2)/(s**2))+1.2**2)-((((0.5**2)/(s**2))+3.5**2)*4)],[s])\n", + "print \"slip=\",round(ans[1][0]*100,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 25.1 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.27, Page Number:1347" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "zo=complex(1,0)\n", + "zi=complex(0.15,3)\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z2=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "stator=complex(0.25,3.5)\n", + "z01=z2+stator\n", + "i=complex(v,0)/z01\n", + "i=abs(i)\n", + "cu_loss=i**2*z01.real\n", + "T=cu_loss*3/(2*math.pi*(n/60))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",T,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 135.560320318 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.28, Page Number:1348" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "z1=complex(1,2.8)\n", + "zo=complex(3,1)\n", + "zi=complex(0.5,5)\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "z2=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "z01=z1+z2\n", + "i2=v/z01\n", + "r2=z2.real\n", + "t=abs(i2)**2*r2\n", + "\n", + "print \"s=1:torque=\",t,\"synch. watt\"\n", + "\n", + "#s=0.04\n", + "zo=complex(3.0/s,1.0)\n", + "zi=complex(0.5/s,5.0)\n", + "z2=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "z01=z1+z2\n", + "i2=v/z01\n", + "r2=z2.real\n", + "t=abs(i2)**2*r2\n", + "print \"s=4:torque=\",t,\"synch. watt\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "s=1:torque= 12388.3258184 synch. watt\n", + "s=4:torque= 11489.1141244 synch. watt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.29, Page Number:1351" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.30#ohm\n", + "n1=1440.0#rpm\n", + "n2=1320.0#rpm\n", + "ns=120.0*f/4.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s1=(ns-n1)/ns\n", + "s2=(ns-n2)/ns\n", + "r=s2*r/s1-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "external resistance= 0.6 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.30, Page Number:1348" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "ratio=10.0\n", + "r=0.2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/6\n", + "s1=s\n", + "n1=ns*(1-s1)\n", + "n2=n1-10*n1/100\n", + "s2=(ns-n2)/ns\n", + "r=s2*r/s1-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "external resistance= 0.646666666667 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.31, Page Number:1354" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "s=0.02\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "n=(1-s)*nsc\n", + "nsa=120*f/6\n", + "sa=(nsa-n)/nsa\n", + "f_=sa*f\n", + "n_=(120*f_)/4\n", + "sb=(n_-n)/n_\n", + "f__=sb*f_\n", + "\n", + "#resu;t\n", + "print \"f_=\",f_,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"f_ _=\",f__,\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "f_= 20.6 Hz\n", + "f_ _= 1.0 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.32, Page Number:1354" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "f2=1.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "s=f2/f\n", + "n=nsc-s*nsc\n", + "nsa=120*f/4\n", + "sa=(nsa-n)/nsa\n", + "f1=sa*f\n", + "n2=120*f1/6\n", + "sb=(n2-n)/n2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= 60.8 %\n", + "sb= 3.28947368421 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.33, Page Number:1354" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=74.6#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "output=load*4/10\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of set=\",nsc,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"electric power transferred=\",output,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of set= 600 rpm\n", + "electric power transferred= 29.84 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 79 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.34, Page Number:1355" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=25#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "output=load*4/10\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of set=\",nsc,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"electric power transferred=\",output,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of set= 600 rpm\n", + "electric power transferred= 10 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 78 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_9JxFKFd.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_9JxFKFd.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..894eff9f --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_9JxFKFd.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:9895a0f3fc78aa13cc793dfc60b4d616a3af11e4983465d122ac29be7197893e" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 25: Elements of Electro-Mechanical Energy Conversion" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 25.1, Page Number:876" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "sod=15#stator-core outer diameter\n", + "sid=10.05#stator-core inner diameter\n", + "rod=10.00#rotor-core outer diameter\n", + "rid=5#rotor-core inner diameter\n", + "a=8#axial lenght of the machine\n", + "b=1.20\n", + "ur=1000\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vs=(3.14/4)*((sod*sod)-(sid*sid))*a#volume of stator-core\n", + "vr=(3.14/4)*((rod*rod)-(rid*rid))*a#volume of rotor-core\n", + "va=(3.14/4)*((sid*sid)-(rod*rod))*a#volume of air-gap in the machine\n", + "ed=(.5*b*b)/(4*3.14*math.pow(10,-7))\n", + "e=ed*va*math.pow(10,-6)\n", + "edm=(.5*b*b)/(4*3.14*math.pow(10,-7)*ur)\n", + "es=edm*vs*math.pow(10,-6)\n", + "er=edm*vr*math.pow(10,-6)\n", + "kr=(vs+vr)/vs\n", + "ke=(es+er)/e\n", + "ratio=kr/ke\n", + "eratio=e/(es+er)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Energy stored in air gap= \",e,\" Joules\"\n", + "print \"Energy stored in stator-core= \",round(es,2),\" Joules\"\n", + "print \"Energy stored in rotor core= \",er,\" Joules\"\n", + "print \"Ratio of energy dtored in air-gap to that stored in the cores=\",round(eratio)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Energy stored in air gap= 3.609 Joules\n", + "Energy stored in stator-core= 0.45 Joules\n", + "Energy stored in rotor core= 0.27 Joules\n", + "Ratio of energy dtored in air-gap to that stored in the cores= 5.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 25.2, Page Number:877" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=800#turns\n", + "area=5*5#cross sectional area\n", + "i=1.25#amp\n", + "x=0.25#cm\n", + "l=0.402\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p=4*3.14*10**(-7)*area*10**(-4)/(0.5*10**(-2))\n", + "l=n**2*p\n", + "em=.5*i*i*l\n", + "W=-1*0.5*n**2*4*3.14*10**(-7)*area*10**(-4)*i**2/(0.5*10**(-2))**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)i)coil inductance=\",l,\"H\"\n", + "print \" ii)field energy stored=\",em,\"J\"\n", + "print \"b)mechanical energy output=\",W,\"NW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)i)coil inductance= 0.40192 H\n", + " ii)field energy stored= 0.314 J\n", + "b)mechanical energy output= -62.8 NW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 25.4, Page Number:882" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "lo=50#mH\n", + "xo=0.05#cm\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "x=0.075#cm\n", + "i2=3#A\n", + "x2=0.15#cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "l1=2*lo/(1+(x/xo))\n", + "lambda1=l1*i2*10**(-3)\n", + "W=0.5*l1*i2**2*10**(-3)\n", + "l2=2*lo/(1+(x2/xo))\n", + "lambda2=l2*i2*10**(-3)\n", + "w2=0.5*i2*(lambda1-lambda2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)magnetic stored energy=\",W,\"J\"\n", + "print \"b)change in magnetic stored energy=\",w2,\"J\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 25.5, Page Number:883" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "rc=0.5#ohm\n", + "v=3#V\n", + "i=6#A\n", + "l1=40#mH\n", + "l2=25#mH\n", + "wfld=0.5*l2*i*i*0.001\n", + "delE=0.5*i*i*0.001*(l1-l2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)magnetic stored energy=\",wfld,\"J\"\n", + "print \"b)change in magnetic store energy=\",delE,\"J\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)magnetic stored energy= 0.45 J\n", + "b)change in magnetic store energy= 0.27 J\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_C7pfw6B.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_C7pfw6B.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..447ef8ab --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_C7pfw6B.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,388 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:6743417a1c79c6197a7cd49755318e10828c09b3cb248c5af8d5364367840700" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 28: Generator Characteristics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.13, Page Number:984" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "#emf increases by 1 V for every increase of 6 A\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "i=96#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "voltageincrease=i/6\n", + "vd=i*ra\n", + "voltage_rise=voltageincrease-vd\n", + "vconsumer=v+voltage_rise\n", + "power_supplied=voltage_rise*i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage supplied ot consumer= \",vconsumer,\" V\"\n", + "print \"power supplied by the booster itself= \",power_supplied/1000,\" kW\" " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage supplied ot consumer= 234.08 V\n", + "power supplied by the booster itself= 1.35168 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.14, Page Number:985" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=50.0#V\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "i1=200.0#A\n", + "i2=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vd=i*r\n", + "voltage_decrease=v-vd\n", + "feeder_drop=v*r\n", + "booster_voltage=v*v/i1\n", + "voltage_net=feeder_drop-booster_voltage\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Net decrease in voltage= \",voltage_net,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Net decrease in voltage= 2.5 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.15, Page Number:986" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "inl=5.0#A\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "il=6.0#A\n", + "i_full=200.0#A(full load)\n", + "turns=1600\n", + "\n", + "#calcuations\n", + "shunt_turns1=turns*inl\n", + "shunt_turns2=turns*il\n", + "increase=shunt_turns2-shunt_turns1\n", + "n=increase/i_full#number of series turns required\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Number of series turns required= \",n,\" tunrs/pole\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Number of series turns required= 8.0 tunrs/pole\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.16, Page Number:987" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#turns/pole\n", + "series_winding=4#turns/pole\n", + "r=0.05#ohm\n", + "increase_i=0.2#A\n", + "ia=80#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "additional_at=n*increase_i\n", + "current_required=additional_at/series_winding\n", + "R=(current_required*r)/(ia-current_required)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Divertor resistance= \",R,\" ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Divertor resistance= 0.0833333333333 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.17, Page Number:987" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rsh=50.0#ohm\n", + "rse=0.06#ohm\n", + "divertor=0.14#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#short shunt\n", + "vd=i*rse\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "armature_drop=ia*ra\n", + "E=v+vd+armature_drop\n", + "#long shunt\n", + "vd=ia*(ra+rse)\n", + "print vd\n", + "E2=v+vd\n", + "current_divertor=(ia*divertor)/(divertor+rse)\n", + "change=(current_divertor/ia)*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)emf induced using short shunt= \",E\n", + "print \"b)emf induced using long shunt= \",E2\n", + "print \"c)series amp-turns are reduced to \",change,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "16.704\n", + "a)emf induced using short shunt= 236.44\n", + "b)emf induced using long shunt= 236.704\n", + "c)series amp-turns are reduced to 70.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.18, Page Number:988" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=250*1000#W\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "i=7#A\n", + "inl=12#A\n", + "shunt=650#turns/pole\n", + "series=4#turns/pole\n", + "rse=0.006#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i_fulload=p/v\n", + "shunt_increase=shunt*(inl-i)\n", + "ise=shunt_increase/series\n", + "i_d=i_fulload-ise\n", + "Rd=(ise*rse)/i_d\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"resistance of the series amp-turns at no-load\",Rd,\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of the series amp-turns at no-load 0.0212751091703 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.19, Page Number:988" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "p=60.0*1000#W\n", + "n=1600.0#turns/pole\n", + "inl=1.25#A\n", + "vnl=125#V\n", + "il=1.75#A\n", + "vl=150.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "extra_excitation=n*(il-inl)\n", + "ise=p/vl\n", + "series=extra_excitation/ise\n", + "ise2=extra_excitation/3\n", + "i_d=ise-ise2\n", + "rd=(ise2*0.02)/i_d\n", + "reg=(vnl-vl)*100/vl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)minimum number of series turns/pole= \",series\n", + "print \"ii)divertor resistance= \",rd\n", + "print \"iii)voltage regulation= \",reg,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)minimum number of series turns/pole= 2.0\n", + "ii)divertor resistance= 0.04\n", + "iii)voltage regulation= -16.6666666667 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.20, Page Number:989" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=50.0#v\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "i1=160.0#A\n", + "i2=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#160 A\n", + "vd=i1*(r-(v/i))\n", + "#50 A\n", + "vd2=i2*(r-(v/i))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage drop at 160 A=\",vd,\"V\"\n", + "print \"voltage drop at 50 A=\",vd2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage drop at 160 A= 8.0 V\n", + "voltage drop at 50 A= 2.5 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 33 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_GqqK7m2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_GqqK7m2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..95eb9b1e --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_GqqK7m2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,391 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:cd727f10a4caede23f6dcd22be7261834b049d15aeb309766271ec0c03a024c2" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 36: Single-Phase Motors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.1, Page Number:1374" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=1.86\n", + "X1=2.56\n", + "R2=3.56\n", + "X2=2.56\n", + "Xm=53.5\n", + "r1=R1/2\n", + "x1=X1/2\n", + "r2=R2/2\n", + "x2=X2/2\n", + "xm=Xm/2\n", + "v=110\n", + "f=60\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "xo=xm+x2\n", + "\n", + "zf=(((r2/s)*xm)/(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "jf=(((r2/s)*(r2/s)+(x2*xo))/(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "Jf=math.degrees(math.atan(jf/zf))\n", + "\n", + "zb=(((r2/(2-s))*xm)/(((r2/s)*(r2/(2-s)))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "jb=(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s))+(x2*xo))/(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "Jb=math.degrees(math.atan(jb/zb))\n", + "\n", + "Z1=R1\n", + "J1=X1\n", + "z01=Z1+zf+zb\n", + "j01=jf+jb+J1\n", + "J01=math.degrees(math.atan(j01/z01))\n", + "\n", + "i1=v/z01\n", + "vf=i1*zf\n", + "vb=i1*zb\n", + "z3=math.sqrt(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(x2*x2))\n", + "z5=math.sqrt(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "\n", + "i3=vf/z3\n", + "i5=vb/z5\n", + "tf=(i3*i3*r2)/s\n", + "tb=t5=(i5*i5*r2)/(2-s)\n", + "t=tf-tb\n", + "output=t*(1-s)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output = \",output" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output = 206.798750547\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.2, Page Number:1375" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=185\n", + "v=110\n", + "f=50\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "R1=1.86\n", + "X1=2.56\n", + "Xo=53.5\n", + "R2=3.56\n", + "X2=2.56\n", + "Xm=53.5\n", + "cl=3.5#core loss\n", + "fl=13.5#friction loss\n", + "vf=(82.5/100)*v\n", + "ic=(cl*100)/vf\n", + "r1=R1/2\n", + "x1=X1/2\n", + "r2=R2/2\n", + "x2=X2/2\n", + "xm=Xm/2\n", + "rc=vf/ic\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "#motor 1\n", + "c=1/rc #conductance of corebranch\n", + "s=-(1/xm)#susceptance\n", + "a1=(r2/s)/(((r2/s)*r2/s)+(x2*x2))#admittance\n", + "a1j=-x2/(((r2/s)*r2/s)+(x2*x2))#admittance j\n", + "yf=c+a1\n", + "yfj=s+a1j\n", + "zf=(yf*yf)+(yfj*yfj)\n", + "zfr=yf/zf\n", + "zfj=yfj/zf\n", + "\n", + "#motor 2\n", + "a2=(r2/2-s)/(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "a2j=-x2/(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "Z1=R1\n", + "J1=X1\n", + "yb=yf+a2\n", + "ybj=yfj+a2j\n", + "zb1=(yb*yb)+(ybj*ybj)\n", + "zbr=yb/zb1\n", + "zbj=ybj/zb1\n", + "z01=Z1+zf+zbr\n", + "z01j=J1+zfj+zbj\n", + "\n", + "i1=v/z01\n", + "vf=i1*zf\n", + "vb=i1*zbr\n", + "z3=math.sqrt(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(x2*x2))\n", + "z5=math.sqrt(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "\n", + "i3=vf/z3\n", + "i5=vb/z5\n", + "tf=(i3*i3*r2)/s\n", + "tb=t5=(i5*i5*r2)/(2-s)\n", + "t=tf-tb\n", + "watt=t*(1-s)\n", + "net_output=watt-fl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Net output = \",net_output" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Net output = -446.423232085\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.3, Page Number:1376" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=250\n", + "v=230\n", + "f=50\n", + "zm=4.5\n", + "zmj=3.7\n", + "za=9.5\n", + "zaj=3.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zma=math.degrees(math.atan(zmj/zm))\n", + "ialeadv=90-zma\n", + "x=za*(math.tan(math.radians(ialeadv)))\n", + "xc=x+zaj\n", + "c=1000000/(xc*2*50*3.14)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"C= \",c,\" uf\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "C= 211.551875951 uf\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.4, Page Number:1393" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "p=250\n", + "f=50\n", + "v=220\n", + "ndc=2000\n", + "ia=1\n", + "ra=20\n", + "la=0.4\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ebdc=v-(ia*ra)\n", + "#ac\n", + "xa=2*3.14*f*la\n", + "ebac=-(ia*ra)+math.sqrt((v*v)-((ia*xa)*(ia*xa)))\n", + "nac=(ebac*ndc)/ebdc\n", + "cos_phi=(ebac+(ia*ra))/v\n", + "pmech=ebac*ia\n", + "T=(pmech*9.55)/nac\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Speed= \",nac,\" rpm\"\n", + "print \"Torque= \",T,\" N-m\"\n", + "print \"Power Factor= \",cos_phi,\" lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Speed= 1606.22922133 rpm\n", + "Torque= 0.955 N-m\n", + "Power Factor= 0.821013282424 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.5, Page Number:1394" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=30\n", + "l=0.5\n", + "v=250\n", + "idc=0.8\n", + "ndc=2000\n", + "f=50\n", + "ia=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "xa=2*3.14*f*l\n", + "ra=r\n", + "ebac=-(ia*ra)+math.sqrt((v*v)-((ia*xa)*(ia*xa)))\n", + "ebdc=v-(r*idc)\n", + "nac=(ndc*ebac)/ebdc\n", + "cos_phi=(ebac+(ia*ra))/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Speed= \",nac,\" rpm\"\n", + "print \"Power Factor= \",cos_phi,\" lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Speed= 1700.52062383 rpm\n", + "Power Factor= 0.864635321971 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.6, Page Number:1396" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50\n", + "a=30\n", + "w=8\n", + "v=220\n", + "v2=205\n", + "pole=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "ns=(120*f)/pole\n", + "tsh=(9.55*w*1000)/ns\n", + "alpha=0.5*(math.degrees(math.asin((v*v*math.sin(math.radians(2*a)))/(v2*v2))))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Torque angle if voltage drops to 205 V = \",alpha,\" degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Torque angle if voltage drops to 205 V = 42.9327261097 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_H0c7r3u.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_H0c7r3u.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ce13ea95 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_H0c7r3u.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,2629 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:072a977ff7e7f41108f647b699866e16f58bf91b148a03cefc5a07bc1eeda05b" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 30:Speed Control of D.C. Motors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.1, Page Number:1032" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "n=250#rpm\n", + "ia=200#A\n", + "ra=0.12#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.80\n", + "ia2=100#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 320.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.2, Page Number:1032" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "ia=50#A\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "ratio=1-0.10\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=ia/ratio\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 828.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.3, Page Number:1032" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "n=800#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "n2=1000#rpm\n", + "ia2=80.0#A\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "ish1=v/rf\n", + "r1=(n2*eb1*v)/(n*eb2*ish1)\n", + "r=r1-rf\n", + "ish2=v/r1\n", + "torque_ratio=ish2*ia2/(ish1*ia)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ratio of torque=\",torque_ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added= 68.9506880734 ohm\n", + "ratio of torque= 1.25411235955\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.3, Page Number:1033" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "r=250.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ish2=v/(rf+r)\n", + "ia2=ia*1/ish2\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ish2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"new armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new speed= 2939.0 rpm\n", + "new armature current= 40.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.5, Page Number:1033" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "rt=Symbol('rt')\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "n2=800.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish1=v/rf\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "rt=solve(((n2*eb1*(v/rt))/(n*(v-(ia*ra/(v/rt)))))-1,rt)\n", + "r=rt[0]-rf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be inserted=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be inserted= 88.3128987990058 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.6, Page Number:1034" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=Symbol('x')\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "ratio=1+0.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "x=solve((ratio*eb1/((v-ia*ra*x)*x))-1,x)\n", + "per=1-1/x[0]\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"main flux has to be reduced by=\",per*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "main flux has to be reduced by= 37.2991677469778 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.7, Page Number:1034" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "load=10#kW\n", + "i=41#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rw=0.05#ohm\n", + "ri=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=110#ohm\n", + "ratio=1-0.25\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "ratio1=1-0.50\n", + "n=2500\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ia2=ratio1*ia1/ratio\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*(ra+ri+rw)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(r+ra+ri+rw)\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"motor speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 26.0 A\n", + "motor speed= 2987.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.8, Page Number:1035" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "load=15#kW\n", + "n=850#rpm\n", + "ia=72.2#A\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "rf=100#ohm\n", + "n2=1650#rpm\n", + "ia2=40#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "ratio=(n*eb2)/(n2*eb1)\n", + "per=1-ratio\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction=\",per*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction= 46.5636857585 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.9, Page Number:1035" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia2=Symbol('ia2')\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "ratio=0.50+1\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "ia2=solve((((v-ra*ia2)*ia2)/(eb1*ratio*ia))-1,ia2)\n", + "per=ia/ia2[0]\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"mail flux should be reduced by=\",round(per,4)*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mail flux should be reduced by= 62.7 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.10, Page Number:1035" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=ratio*(v-ia*ra)\n", + "r=(v-eb2)/ia-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance required in the series=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance required in the series= 5.25 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.11, Page Number:1036" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=8#A\n", + "i_f=1#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb0=v-(ia-i_f)*ra\n", + "kpsi=eb0/1000\n", + "ia=i-i_f\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "n1=eb1/kpsi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n1,1),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 966.2 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.12, Page Number:1037" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "n2=800#rpm\n", + "i2=20#A\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=n2*eb/n\n", + "r=(v-eb2)/(ia)-ra\n", + "eb3=v-i2*(r+ra)\n", + "n3=eb3*n/eb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n3),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "additional resistance= 1.15 ohm\n", + "speed= 922.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.13, Page Number:1037" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=7.48#kW\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "n=990#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "ra=0.08#ohm\n", + "ish=2#A\n", + "n2=450#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_p=load*1000/efficiency\n", + "losses=input_p-load*1000\n", + "i=input_p/v\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "loss=v*ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "loss_nl=losses-cu_loss-loss\n", + "eb1=v-20-(ia*ra)\n", + "eb2=n2*eb1/n\n", + "r=(eb1-eb2)/ia\n", + "total_loss=ia**2*(r+ra)+loss+loss_nl\n", + "output=input_p-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/(input_p)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor input=\",input_p/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor input= 8.5 kW\n", + "armature current= 36.6363636364 A\n", + "external resistance= 2.93403113016 ohm\n", + "efficiency= 41.6691237902 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 81 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.14, Page Number:1038" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "eb1=230.0#V\n", + "n=990.0#rpm\n", + "n2=500.0#rpm\n", + "ia=25.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb2=eb1*n2/n\n", + "r=(eb1-eb2)/ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance required in series=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance required in series= 4.55353535354 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 83 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.15, Page Number:1038" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "n2=900.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "if1=v/rf\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "k2=eb1/(if1*n)\n", + "if2=n*if1/n2\n", + "rf1=v/if1\n", + "rf2=v/if2\n", + "r=rf2-rf1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added= 100.0 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 90 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.16, Page Number:1039" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia2=Symbol('ia2')\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "ia=22.0#A\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "n2=900.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "if1=v/rf\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "k1=eb1/(if1*n)\n", + "if2=n*if1/n2\n", + "if2=n2*ia/n\n", + "ia2=solve(v-ra*ia2-(k1*ia*if1*n2)/ia2,ia2)\n", + "if2=ia*if1/ia2[0]\n", + "r=v/if2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new field resistance to be added=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new field resistance to be added= 306.828780053869 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 103 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.17, Page Number:1040" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "output=25#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=125#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_p=output*1000/efficiency\n", + "i=input_p/v\n", + "if1=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-if1\n", + "il=ratio*ia\n", + "r=v/il\n", + "r_ext=r-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting resistance=\",round(r_ext,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting resistance= 1.341 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 105 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.18, Page Number:1042" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ia=17.5#A\n", + "n2=600.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "rt=(v-(n2*eb1/n))/ia\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be inserted=\",round(r,1),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be inserted= 4.4 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 111 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.19, Page Number:1042" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "ra=1.2#ohm\n", + "rf=500#ohm\n", + "ia=4#A\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=26#A\n", + "r=2.3#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.15\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "ia2=i-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=n*eb2/eb1\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(r+ra)\n", + "n2_=n*eb2/eb1\n", + "n2__=n*eb2/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when resistance 2.3 ohm is connected=\",round(n2_),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed when shunt field is reduced by 15%=\",round(n2__),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when resistance 2.3 ohm is connected= 831.0 rpm\n", + "speed when shunt field is reduced by 15%= 978.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 113 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.20, Page Number:1043" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ia1=ia2=20.0#A\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "n2=500.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "rt=(v-((n2/n)*eb1))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "ia3=ia2/2\n", + "n3=n*(v-ia3*rt)/eb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n3),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 771.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 117 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.21, Page Number:1043" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra1=0.5#ohm\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "ia2=ia1=20#A\n", + "r=1.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra1\n", + "ra2=r+ra1\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2=eb2*n/eb1\n", + "#torque is half the full-load torque\n", + "ia2=1.0/2.0*ia1\n", + "eb22=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2_=eb22*n/eb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at full load torque=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed at half full-load torque=\",round(n2_),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at full load torque= 550.0 rpm\n", + "speed at half full-load torque= 588.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 137 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.22, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra1=0.5#ohm\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "ia2=ia1=30.0#A\n", + "r=1.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra1\n", + "ra2=r+ra1\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2=eb2*n/eb1\n", + "\n", + "#torque is half the full-load torque\n", + "ia2=2.0*ia1\n", + "eb22=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2_=eb22*n/eb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at full load torque=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed at double full-load torque=\",round(n2_),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at full load torque= 427.0 rpm\n", + "speed at double full-load torque= 317.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 142 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.23, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=37.3*1000#W\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "n=750.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "t2=250.0#N-m\n", + "r=5.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t1=load/(2*3.14*(n/60))\n", + "ia1=load/(efficiency*v)\n", + "ia2=ia1*math.sqrt(t2/t1)\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(r+ra)\n", + "n2=eb2*ia1*n/(eb1*ia2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at which machine will run=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which machine will run= 381.789716486 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.24, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=7.46*1000#W\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=900.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "ra=0.08#ohm\n", + "ish=2.0#A\n", + "n2=450.0#rpm\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=output/(efficiency*v)\n", + "ia2=ia1=i-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia2*ra\n", + "rt=(v-20-((n2/n)*eb1))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "input_m=(v)*(ia2+ish)\n", + "total_loss=input_m-output\n", + "cu_loss=ia2**2*ra\n", + "cu_loss_f=v*ish\n", + "total_cu_loss=cu_loss+cu_loss_f\n", + "stray_loss=total_loss-total_cu_loss\n", + "stray_loss2=stray_loss*n2/n\n", + "cu_loss_a=ia1**2*rt\n", + "total_loss2=stray_loss2+cu_loss_f+cu_loss_a\n", + "output2=input_m-total_loss2\n", + "efficiency=output2*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor output=\",output2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"overall efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor output= 4460.66115702 W\n", + "armature current= 36.5330578512 A\n", + "external resistance= 2.42352222599 ohm\n", + "overall efficiency= 52.619059225 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 175 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.25, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "ia=15.0#A\n", + "n=800.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.6#ohm\n", + "n2=400.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "r=((v-(n2*eb1/n))/ia)-ra\n", + "ia3=ia/2\n", + "eb3=v-ia3*(r+ra)\n", + "n3=eb3*n/eb1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n3,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 615.584415584 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 187 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.26, Page Number:1045" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=Symbol('r')\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "inl=3.5#A\n", + "il=59.5#A\n", + "rf=267.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "vd=2.0#V\n", + "ratio=0.02\n", + "speed_ratio=0.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=inl-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra-vd\n", + "ia2=il-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra-vd\n", + "n1_by_n2=eb1*(1-ratio)/eb2\n", + "per_change=(1-1/n1_by_n2)*100\n", + "r=solve(eb2*speed_ratio/(eb2-ia2*r)-1,r)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"change in speed=\",per_change,\"%\"\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",r[0],\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "change in speed= 0.83357557339 %\n", + "resistance to be added= 3.33092370774547 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.27, Page Number:1046" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaraion\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "n2=800.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=100.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ia2=ia1*(n2/n)**2\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "rt=(v-(n2*eb1/n))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resustance that must be added=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resustance that must be added= 1.32708333333 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.28, Page Number:1047" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=115#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tsh=9.55*load*1000/n\n", + "i=load*1000/(v*efficiency)\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "i_permissible=i*ratio\n", + "ia_per=i_permissible-ish\n", + "ra_total=v/ia_per\n", + "r_required=ra_total-ra\n", + "torque=ratio*ta\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"net torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"starting resistance=\",r_required,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"torque developed at starting=\",torque,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "net torque= 365.403326173 N-m\n", + "starting resistance= 0.913513513514 ohm\n", + "torque developed at starting= 548.104989259 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.29, Page Number:1047" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "I=Symbol('I')\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "rf=40.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "i=55.0#A\n", + "n=595.0#rpm\n", + "r=0.58#ohm\n", + "n2=630.0#rpm\n", + "ia_=15.0#A\n", + "rd=5.0#ohm\n", + "ia2=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ra1=r+ra\n", + "eb1=v-ra1*ia1\n", + "ia2=ia1\n", + "eb2=eb1*(n2/n)\n", + "r=(v-eb2)/ia1\n", + "eb2_=v-ia_*ra1\n", + "n2=eb2_*n/eb1\n", + "eb3=eb1\n", + "IR=v-eb3-ia2*ra\n", + "pd=v-IR\n", + "i_d=pd/rd\n", + "i=ia2+i_d\n", + "R=IR/i\n", + "I=solve(rd*(I-ia_)-v+R*I,I)\n", + "eb4=v-R*I[0]-ia_*ra\n", + "n4=n*(eb4/eb1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature circuit resistance should be reduced by=\",ra1-r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"speed when Ia=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"value of series resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"speed when motor current falls to 15A=\",n4,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature circuit resistance should be reduced by= 0.2 ohm\n", + "speed when Ia= 668.5 rpm\n", + "value of series resistance= 0.344418052257 ohm\n", + "speed when motor current falls to 15A= 636.922222222222 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.31, Page Number:1051" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=15#A\n", + "n=600#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=math.sqrt(2*2**0.5*i**2)\n", + "n2=n*2*i/ia2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"current=\",ia2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 713.524269002 rpm\n", + "current= 25.2268924576 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.32, Page Number:1052" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=707#rpm\n", + "ia1=100#A\n", + "v=85#V\n", + "rf=0.03#ohm\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ra_total=ra+(2*rf)\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra_total\n", + "ia2=ia1*2**0.5\n", + "rf=rf/2\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=n*(eb2/eb1)*(2*ia1/ia2)\n", + "rt=(v-((n/n2)*eb2))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra-rf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1029.46885374 rpm\n", + "additional resistance= 0.171040764009 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 44 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.33, Page Number:1052" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#varable declaration\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "ia=40.0#A\n", + "ra=0.3#ohm\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "n2=1000.0#rpm\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=v/ia-ra\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "r=(v-((n2/n)*eb1))/ia-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added at starting=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance to be added at 1000 rpm\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added at starting= 5.7 ohm\n", + "resistance to be added at 1000 rpm 1.9 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.34, Page Number:1053" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ia1=20.0#A\n", + "ratio=2.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia2=ia1*2**(3.0/4.0)\n", + "n2=n*ratio*ia1/ia2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current= 33.6358566101 A\n", + "speed= 713.524269002 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.35, Page Number:1053" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=Symbol('V')\n", + "ra=1.0#ohm\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=350.0#rpm\n", + "ia=25.0#A\n", + "n2=500.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=ia*(n2/n)\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "V=solve((n2*eb1*ia2/(n*ia))+ia2-V,V)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \" current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"voltage=\",V[0],\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " current= 35.7142857143 A\n", + "voltage= 433.673469387755 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.36, Page Number:1053" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=0.2#ohm\n", + "i=20.0#A\n", + "rd=0.2#ohm\n", + "i_f=10.0#A\n", + "ratio=0.70\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-(ra+rf)*ia\n", + "r_total=ra+rf/2\n", + "eb2=v-r_total*ia\n", + "n2=(eb2*n/(eb1*ratio))\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1444.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.37, Page Number:1054" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "ia=40.0#A\n", + "n=700.0#rpm\n", + "ratio=0.50+1\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=0.1#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia2=(ratio*2*ia**2)**0.5\n", + "eb1=v-ia*(ra+rf)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(ia*2/ia2)*n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",ia2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 777.147765122 rpm\n", + "speed= 69.2820323028 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 63 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.38, Page Number:1055" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ia=20#A\n", + "n=900#rpm\n", + "r=0.025#ohm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rd=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#when divertor is added\n", + "eb1=v-ia*(ra+4*r)\n", + "ia2=(ia**2*(ra+rd)/rd)**0.5\n", + "ra_=rd*ra/(ra+rd)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra_\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(ia*3/(2*ia2))*n\n", + "\n", + "#rearranged field coils in two series and parallel group\n", + "ia2=(ia**2*2)**0.5\n", + "r=ra+r\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*r\n", + "n2_=(eb2/eb1)*(ia*2/(ia2))*n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when divertor was added=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed when field coils are rearranged=\",n2_,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when divertor was added= 1112.87640676 rpm\n", + "speed when field coils are rearranged= 1275.19533144 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 74 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.39, Page Number:1055" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "i=12.0#A\n", + "rf=0.8#ohm\n", + "ra=1.0#ohm\n", + "il=20#A\n", + "ratio=0.15\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*(ra+rf)\n", + "eb2=v-il*(ra+rf/4)\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(1/(1-ratio))*n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1162.92198261 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.40, Page Number:1056" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "v=200.0#v\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "i=25.0#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=0.6#ohm\n", + "rd=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r=ra+rf\n", + "eb1=v-i*r\n", + "i2=solve(((rd+rf)*i2**2)-(v*i2)-(i**2*rd),i2)\n", + "pd=v-i2[1]*rf\n", + "ia2=((rd+rf)*i2[1]-v)/rd\n", + "eb2=pd-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(i/i2[1])*n\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 342.848235418389 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.41, Page Number:1056" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "ra=0.3#ohm\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "r=3#ohm\n", + "i2=15#A\n", + "ratio=0.80\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb2=v-(r+ra)*i2\n", + "n2=n*(eb2/eb1)/ratio\n", + "power_ratio=(n*i)/(n2*i2*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"ratio of power outputs=\",power_ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new speed= 1349.65437788 rpm\n", + "ratio of power outputs= 1.48186086214\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 99 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.42, Page Number:1057" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "v=460#V\n", + "ratio=1-0.25\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "I=(i**2*ratio**3)**0.5\n", + "eb2=I*ratio*v/i\n", + "R=(v-eb2)/I\n", + "pa=v*i/1000\n", + "power_n=pa*ratio**4\n", + "pa=eb2*I\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance required=\",R,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistance required= 7.26432660412 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 103 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.44, Page Number:1060" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=500#rpm\n", + "n2=550#rpm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*r\n", + "kphi1=eb1/n\n", + "eb2=v-i*r\n", + "kphi2=eb2/n2\n", + "eb_=v-i*2*r\n", + "n=eb_/((eb1/n2)+(eb2/n))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 248.120300752 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.45, Page Number:1061" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=14.92#kW\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ratio1=5.0\n", + "ratio2=4.0\n", + "t=882#N-m\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "k=v/(n*i/60)\n", + "I=(t/((ratio1+ratio2)*0.159*k))**0.5\n", + "nsh=v/((ratio1+ratio2)*k*I)\n", + "eb1=ratio1*k*I*nsh\n", + "eb2=ratio2*k*I*nsh\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current=\",I,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed of shaft=\",round(nsh*60),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"voltage across the motors=\",round(eb1),\"V,\",round(eb2),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current= 49.5202984449 A\n", + "speed of shaft= 134.0 rpm\n", + "voltage across the motors= 139.0 V, 111.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 117 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.46, Page Number:1063" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "t=700#N-m\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "ra=0.008#ohm\n", + "rf=55#ohm\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "t2=375#N-m\n", + "n2=1050#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=2*3.14*n*t/60\n", + "power_m=output/efficiency\n", + "im=power_m/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=im-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "ia2=ia1*t2/t\n", + "eb2=eb1*n2/n\n", + "r=eb2/ia2-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"dynamic break resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "dynamic break resistance= 0.795525014538 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 118 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.47, Page Number:1064" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "load=18.65#kW\n", + "n=450.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.746\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "I=load*1000/(efficiency*v)\n", + "eb=v-I*ra\n", + "vt=v+eb\n", + "i_max=2*I\n", + "r=vt/i_max\n", + "R=r-ra\n", + "N=n/60\n", + "phizp_by_a=eb/N\n", + "k4=phizp_by_a*v/(2*3.14*r)\n", + "k3=phizp_by_a**2/(2*3.14*r)\n", + "tb=k4+k3*N\n", + "tb0=k4\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"breaking resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"maximum breaking torque=\",tb,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"maximum breaking torque when N=0 =\",tb0,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "breaking resistance= 6.1 ohm\n", + "maximum breaking torque= 1028.3970276 N-m\n", + "maximum breaking torque when N=0 = 522.360394972 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 122 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.48, Page Number:1069" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=120#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "l=20*0.001#H\n", + "ka=0.05#V/rpm motor constant\n", + "ia=20#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vt=ia*ra\n", + "alpha=vt/v\n", + "#when alpha=1\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "N=eb/ka\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"range of speed control=\",0,\"to\",N,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"range of duty cycle=\",(alpha),\"to\",1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " range of speed control= 0 to 2200.0 rpm\n", + "range of duty cycle= 0.0833333333333 to 1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 124 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.49, Page Number:1080" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=7.46#kW\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/(v*efficiency)\n", + "i1=ratio*i\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r_start=r1-ra\n", + "eb1=v-i*r1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting resistance=\",r_start,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"back emf=\",eb1,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting resistance= 2.78842716711 ohm\n", + "back emf= 66.6666666667 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 125 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.50, Page Number:1080" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40.0#A\n", + "n=7\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r1=v/ia\n", + "k=(r1/ra)**(1.0/(n-1))\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "r6=r5/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-r6\n", + "p6=r6-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 6th section=\",round(p6,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 1.812 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.215 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.815 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.546 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.366 ohm\n", + "resistance of 6th section= 0.246 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 132 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.51, Page Number:1081" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=6\n", + "load=3.73#kW\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "ratio=0.50\n", + "i1=0.6#A\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=load/efficiency\n", + "total_loss=output-load\n", + "cu_loss=total_loss*ratio\n", + "i=output*1000/v\n", + "ia=i-i1\n", + "ra=cu_loss*1000/ia**2\n", + "i_per=i*2\n", + "ia_per=i_per-i1\n", + "r1=v/ia_per\n", + "k=(r1/ra)**(1.0/(n-1))\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-ra\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 1.627 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.074 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.709 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.468 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.309 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 146 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.52, Page Number:1081" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=7\n", + "load=36.775#kW\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "ratio=0.05\n", + "rsh=200#ohm\n", + "efficiency=0.92\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=load*1000/efficiency\n", + "cu_loss=input_m*ratio\n", + "cu_loss_sh=v**2/rsh\n", + "cu_loss_a=cu_loss-cu_loss_sh\n", + "i=input_m/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "ra=cu_loss_a/ia**2\n", + "k=(v/(ia*ra))**(1.0/(n))\n", + "i1=k*ia\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "r6=r5/k\n", + "r7=r5/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-r6\n", + "p6=r6-r7\n", + "p7=r7-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 6th section=\",round(p6,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 7th section=\",round(p7,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 0.974 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 0.592 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.36 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.219 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.133 ohm\n", + "resistance of 6th section= 0.0 ohm\n", + "resistance of 7th section= 0.081 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.53, Page Number:1082" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=Symbol('n')\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.125#ohm\n", + "i2=150.0#A\n", + "i1=200.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "n=solve((i1/i2)**(n-1)-(r1/ra),n)\n", + "k=i1/i2\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "r6=r5/k\n", + "r7=r6/k\n", + "r8=r7/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-r6\n", + "p6=r6-r7\n", + "p7=r7-r8\n", + "p8=r8-ra\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 6th section=\",round(p6,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 7th section=\",round(p7,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 8th section=\",round(p8,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 0.313 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 0.234 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.176 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.132 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.099 ohm\n", + "resistance of 6th section= 0.074 ohm\n", + "resistance of 7th section= 0.056 ohm\n", + "resistance of 8th section= 0.042 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.54, Page Number:1083" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=Symbol('n')\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "z=20\n", + "ra=1.31#ohm\n", + "t=218#N-m\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "slot=60\n", + "phi=23*0.001#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=t/(0.159*phi*slot*z)\n", + "i1=ia*ratio\n", + "i2=ia\n", + "k=i1/i2\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "n=solve(k**(n-1)-(r1/ra),n)\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 2.237 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.491 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.994 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.678 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 164 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.55, Page Number:1084" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "drop=0.02\n", + "efficiency=0.95\n", + "i_per=1.30\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=load*1000/(v*efficiency)\n", + "i1=i_per*il\n", + "vd=drop*v\n", + "rm=vd/il\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r=(r1-rm)/6\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of each rheostat=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of each rheostat= 0.615721729566 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 165 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.56, Page Number:1085" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=55.95#kW\n", + "v=650.0#V\n", + "r=0.51#ohm\n", + "i1=140.0#A\n", + "i2=100.0#A\n", + "per=0.20\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=i1/i2\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r2=((per+1)/ratio-per)*r1\n", + "r3=(per+1)*r2/ratio-per*r1\n", + "r4=((per+1)*r3/ratio)-per*r1\n", + "\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"number of steps=\",3\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "number of steps= 3\n", + "resistance of 1st section= 1.592 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.364 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 1.17 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 170 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_Iq2SYN6.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_Iq2SYN6.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0690f646 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_Iq2SYN6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1741 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:e71bef33b0871199556c73182ec6cd28497a9d9d16612973a23ee2cceda4b35b" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 26: D.C. Generators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.3, Page Number:912" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=450#A\n", + "v=230#v\n", + "rs=50#ohm\n", + "ra=.03#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "va=ia*ra\n", + "E=v+va\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e.m.f. generated in the armature= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e.m.f. generated in the armature= 243.62 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.4, Page Number:913" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "v=500#v\n", + "rs=250#ohm\n", + "ra=.05#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.03#ohm\n", + "b=1#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "vs=ia*rseries\n", + "va=ia*ra\n", + "vb=ish*b\n", + "E=v+va+vs+vb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"generated voltage in the armature= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "generated voltage in the armature= 506.16 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.5, Page Number:913" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=30#A\n", + "v=220#v\n", + "rs=200#ohm\n", + "ra=.05#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.30#ohm\n", + "b=1#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vs=i*rseries\n", + "vshunt=v+vs\n", + "ish=vshunt/v\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "vb=b*2\n", + "E=v+vs+vb+(ia*ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"generated voltage in the armature= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "generated voltage in the armature= 232.552045455 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.6, Page Number:913" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": true, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#v\n", + "i=150.0#A\n", + "rs=92.0#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.015#ohm\n", + "rd=0.03#ohm(divertor)\n", + "ra=0.032#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "sdr=(rd*rseries)/(rd+rseries)\n", + "tr=ra+sdr\n", + "vd=ia*tr\n", + "Eg=v+vd\n", + "tp=Eg*ia\n", + "pl=(ia*ia*ra)+(ia*ia*sdr)+(v*ish)+(v*i)\n", + "\n", + "#resuts\n", + "print \"i) Induced e.m.f.= \",Eg,\" V\"\n", + "print \"ii)Total power generated= \",tp,\" W\"\n", + "print \"iii)Distribution of the total power:\"\n", + "print \" power lost in armature= \", ia*ia*ra\n", + "print \"power lost in series field and divider= \", ia*ia*sdr\n", + "print \"power dissipated in shunt winding= \", v*ish\n", + "print \"power delivered to load= \", v*i\n", + "print \" ------------\"\n", + "print \"Total= \", pl" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i) Induced e.m.f.= 236.405 V\n", + "ii)Total power generated= 36051.7625 W\n", + "iii)Distribution of the total power:\n", + " power lost in armature= 744.2\n", + "power lost in series field and divider= 232.5625\n", + "power dissipated in shunt winding= 575.0\n", + "power delivered to load= 34500.0\n", + " ------------\n", + "Total= 36051.7625\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.7, Page Number:914" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=300000.0#w\n", + "v=600.0#v\n", + "sr=75.0#ohm\n", + "abr=0.03#ohm\n", + "cr=0.011#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.012#ohm\n", + "dr=0.036#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "io=p/v#output current\n", + "ish=v/sr\n", + "ia=io+ish\n", + "sdr=(rseries*dr)/(rseries+dr)\n", + "tr=abr+cr+sdr\n", + "vd=ia*tr\n", + "va=v+vd\n", + "pg=va*ia\n", + "W=pg/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage generatedby the armature= \",va,\" V\"\n", + "print \"Power generated by the armature= \",W, \"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage generatedby the armature= 625.4 V\n", + "Power generated by the armature= 317.7032 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.8, Page Number:915" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "phi=7*math.pow(10,-3)\n", + "z=51*20\n", + "a=p=4\n", + "n=1500#r.p.m\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Eg=(phi*z*n*p)/(a*60)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage generated= \",Eg,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage generated= 178.5 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.9, Page Number:916" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=8\n", + "phi=0.05#Wb\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "N=500#armature conductor\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E=phi*(n/60)*(p/a)*N\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e.m.f generated= \",E,\" V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e.m.f generated= 500.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.10, Page Number:916" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=127#v\n", + "vt=120#v(terminal voltage)\n", + "r=15#ohms\n", + "i1=8.47#A\n", + "ra=0.02#ohms\n", + "fi=8#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Eg=v+(i1*ra)\n", + "ia=(Eg-vt)/ra\n", + "il=ia-fi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Load current \",il,\" A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load current 350.47 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.11(a), Page Number:917" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "z=778\n", + "n=500\n", + "ra=0.24\n", + "rl=12.5\n", + "r=250\n", + "v=250\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=v/rl\n", + "si=v/r\n", + "ai=il+si\n", + "emf=v+(ai*ra)\n", + "phi=(emf*60*a)/(p*z*n)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current= \",ai,\" A\"\n", + "print \"induced e.m.f.= \",emf,\" V\"\n", + "print \"flux per pole= \",round(phi*1000,2),\" mWb\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 21.0 A\n", + "induced e.m.f.= 255.04 V\n", + "flux per pole= 9.83 mWb\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.11(b), Page Number:916" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "P=5000.0#w\n", + "P2=2500.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#v\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "r=250.0#ohm\n", + "z=120\n", + "N=1000#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "gc=P/v\n", + "li=P2/v\n", + "ti=gc+li\n", + "fc=1\n", + "ai=ti+fc\n", + "ard=ai*ra\n", + "emf=v+ard+2\n", + "phi=(emf*60*a)/(p*z*N)\n", + "ac_perparralelpath=ai/p\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Flux per pole= \",phi*1000,\" mWb\"\n", + "print \"Armature current per parallel path= \",ac_perparralelpath,\" A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Flux per pole= 129.1 mWb\n", + "Armature current per parallel path= 7.75 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.12, Page Number:918" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "v=125.0#V\n", + "n1=1000#rpm\n", + "n2=800#rpm\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "bd=2.0#V(brush drop)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "R=v/i\n", + "E1=v+(i*ra)+bd\n", + "E2=(E1*n2)/n1\n", + "il=(E2-bd)/0.675\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Load current when speed drops to 800 r.p.m.= \",round(il,2),\" A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load current when speed drops to 800 r.p.m.= 157.04 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.13, Page Number:918" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=900 #rpm\n", + "V=220#V\n", + "E=240#V\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "phi=10#mWb\n", + "N=8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=(E-V)/ra\n", + "Z=(E*600*2)/(phi*math.pow(10,-3)*n*p)\n", + "#since there ae 8 turns in a coil,it means there are 16 active conductor\n", + "number_of_coils=Z/16\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current= \",ia,\" A\"\n", + "print \"number of coils= \",number_of_coils" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 100.0 A\n", + "number of coils= 500.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.14, Page Number:919" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=120.0#V\n", + "ra=0.06#ohm\n", + "rs=25#ohm\n", + "rsw=0.04#ohm(series winding)\n", + "il=100.0#A\n", + "#i)Long shunt\n", + "ish=V/rs\n", + "ia=il+ish\n", + "vd=ia*rsw\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "E=V+vd+vda\n", + "\n", + "print \"Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to long shunt= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"Armature current when the machine is connected to long shunt=\",ia,\" A\"\n", + "\n", + "#i)Short shunt\n", + "vds=il*rsw\n", + "vs=V+vds\n", + "ish=vs/rs\n", + "ia=il+ish\n", + "vd=ia*rsw\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "E=V+vd+vda\n", + "\n", + "print \"Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to short shunt= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"Armature current when the machine is connected to short shunt=\",ia,\" A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to long shunt= 130.48 V\n", + "Armature current when the machine is connected to long shunt= 104.8 A\n", + "Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to short shunt= 130.496 V\n", + "Armature current when the machine is connected to short shunt= 104.96 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.15, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=25000.0#W\n", + "V=500.0#V\n", + "ra=0.03#ohm\n", + "rs=200.0#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.04#ohm\n", + "vb=1.0#V\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "phi=0.02#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=p/V\n", + "ish=V/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "p=4\n", + "vds=ia*rseries\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "vdb=vb*2\n", + "E=V+vds+vda+vdb\n", + "Z=(E*60*4)/(phi*n*p)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"The e.m.f. generated= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"The number of conductors=\",Z" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The e.m.f. generated= 505.675 V\n", + "The number of conductors= 1264.1875\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.16, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "e=240.0#V\n", + "z=792\n", + "phi=0.0145#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi_working=(e*60*2)/(n*z*p)\n", + "lambda_=phi/phi_working\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"Leakage coefficient= \",round(lambda_,1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Leakage coefficient= 1.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.17, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "phi=0.07#Wb\n", + "t=220\n", + "rt=0.004#ohm\n", + "n=900#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=2*t\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "rtotal=t*rt\n", + "r_eachpath=rtotal/p\n", + "ra=r_eachpath/a\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "V=E-vda\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Terminal Voltage= \",V, \" V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Terminal Voltage= 459.25 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.18, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "phi=0.07#Wb\n", + "t=220\n", + "rturn=0.004#ohm\n", + "rs=100.0#ohm\n", + "rsc=0.02#ohm\n", + "n=900#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=2*t\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "ra=0.055#ohm\n", + "ra=ra+rsc\n", + "va=ia*ra\n", + "v=E-va\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "i=ia-ish\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output= \",round(output/1000,3),\" kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output= 20.813 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.19, Page Number:921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=1200#rpm\n", + "ia=200#A\n", + "v=125#V\n", + "n2=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "vb=2#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E1=v+vb+(ia*ra)\n", + "E2=E1*n2/n1*0.8\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"Generated e.m.f. when field current is reduced to 80%=\",E2,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Generated e.m.f. when field current is reduced to 80%= 90.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.20(a), Page Number:921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "rs=100.0#ohm\n", + "ra=1.0#ohm\n", + "z=378\n", + "phi=0.02#Wb\n", + "rl=10.0#ohm\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "a=2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "V=(100.0/111.0)*E\n", + "il=V/rl\n", + "P=il*V\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Power absorbed by the load is= \",P,\" W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power absorbed by the load is= 5154.12710007 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.20(b), Page Number:921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "z=300\n", + "phi=0.1#Wb\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.2#rpm\n", + "rf=125#ohm\n", + "il=90#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "ifield=E/rf\n", + "ia=ifield+il\n", + "V=E-(ia*ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Terminal voltage= \",V,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Terminal voltage= 481.2 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.21(a), Page Number:922" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "e=250.0#V\n", + "d=350.0#mm\n", + "air_gap=3.0#mm\n", + "al=260.0#mm\n", + "fringing=0.8\n", + "coils=96\n", + "t=3\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=t*coils*2\n", + "a=p*2\n", + "phi=(e*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "di=d+air_gap\n", + "pole_arc=(3.14*di*fringing)/6\n", + "B=phi/(pole_arc*0.000001*al)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole= \",phi,\" Wb\"\n", + "print \"effective pole arc lenght= \",pole_arc*0.001,\" m\"\n", + "print \"flux density= \",B,\" T\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 0.0434027777778 Wb\n", + "effective pole arc lenght= 0.147789333333 m\n", + "flux density= 1.12953862717 T\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 57 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.21(b), Page Number:922" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "z=1200\n", + "e=250.0#v\n", + "n=500#rpm\n", + "b=35.0#cm\n", + "ratio=0.7\n", + "lpole=20.0#cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pole_pitch=(b*3.14)/p\n", + "polearc=ratio*pole_pitch\n", + "pole_area=polearc*lpole\n", + "phi=(e*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "mean_flux=phi/(pole_area*math.pow(10,-4))\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Mean flux density= \",mean_flux,\" Wb/m2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mean flux density= 0.649941505265 Wb/m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 67 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.21(d), Page Number:923" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "v=100.0#V\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.03#ohm\n", + "rs=60.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "va=v+(i*rseries)\n", + "ish=va/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "e=va+(ia*ra)\n", + "\n", + "#long shunt\n", + "ishunt=v/rs\n", + "vd=ia*(ra+rseries)\n", + "e2=v+vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf generated(short shunt)\",e,\" V\"\n", + "print \"emf generated(long shunt)\",e2,\" V\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf generated(short shunt) 114.070666667 V\n", + "emf generated(long shunt) 114.123666667 V\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 73 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.22, Page Number:923" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "w=20000.0#W\n", + "v=220.0#v\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "rs=110.0#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.05#ohm\n", + "efficiency=.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=w/v\n", + "i_f=v/rs\n", + "ia=il+i_f\n", + "ip=w/efficiency#input power\n", + "total_loss=ip-w\n", + "copper_loss=(ia*ia*(ra+rseries))+(i_f*i_f*rs)\n", + "ironloss=total_loss-copper_loss\n", + "omega=2*3.14*n/60\n", + "T=ip/omega\n", + "\n", + "#omega\n", + "print \"Copper loss= \",copper_loss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"Iron and friction loss= \",ironloss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"Torque developed by the prime mover= \",T,\"Nw-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Copper loss= 1216.88892562 W\n", + "Iron and friction loss= 2312.52283909 W\n", + "Torque developed by the prime mover= 224.803297115 Nw-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.23, Page Number:928" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declartaion\n", + "power=10000.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "p=a=6\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "z=534\n", + "cu_loss=0.64*1000#W\n", + "vbd=1.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=power/v\n", + "ra=cu_loss/(ia*ia)\n", + "E=v+(ia*ra)+vbd\n", + "phi=(E*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole= \",phi*1000,\" mWb\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 30.0 mWb\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.24(a), Page Number:928" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=195#A\n", + "pd=250#V\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "rsh=50#ohm\n", + "p=250#W\n", + "strayloss=950#W\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=pd/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "E=pd+vda\n", + "cu_loss=(ia*ia*ra)+(pd*ish)\n", + "output_prime=(pd*i)+strayloss+cu_loss\n", + "power_a=output_prime-strayloss\n", + "neu_m=(power_a/output_prime)\n", + "neu_e=(pd*i)/((pd*i)+cu_loss)\n", + "neu_c=(pd*i)/output_prime\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)e.m.f. generated= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \" b)Cu losses= \",cu_loss,\" W\"\n", + "print \" c)output of prime mover= \",output_prime,\" W\"\n", + "print \" d)mechanical efficiency= \",neu_m*100,\" %\"\n", + "print \" electrical efficiency= \",neu_e*100,\" %\"\n", + "print \" commercial efficiency= \",neu_c*100,\" %\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)e.m.f. generated= 254.0 V\n", + " b)Cu losses= 2050.0 W\n", + " c)output of prime mover= 51750.0 W\n", + " d)mechanical efficiency= 98.1642512077 %\n", + " electrical efficiency= 95.9645669291 %\n", + " commercial efficiency= 94.2028985507 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.24(b), Page Number:929" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "il=40.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=v*il\n", + "total_loss=(v*i*0.5)+((il+i*0.5)*(il+i*0.5)*ra)+(v*i*0.5)\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Efficiency= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Efficiency= 87.8312542029 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 39 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.25, Page Number:929" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=196#A\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "stray_loss=720#W\n", + "rsh=55#ohm\n", + "e=0.88\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "inpute=output/e\n", + "total_loss=inpute-output\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "cu_loss=v*ish\n", + "constant_loss=cu_loss+stray_loss\n", + "culoss_a=total_loss-constant_loss\n", + "ra=culoss_a/(ia*ia)\n", + "I=math.sqrt(constant_loss/ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Load curent corresponding to maximum efficiency\",I,\" A\" " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load curent corresponding to maximum efficiency 122.283568103 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.26, Page Number:929" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "p=22*1000#w\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.05#ohm\n", + "rsh=110#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.06#ohm\n", + "efficiency=.88\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "I=p/v\n", + "ia=ish+I\n", + "vdseries=ia*rseries\n", + "cu_loss=(ia*ia*ra)+(ia*ia*rseries)+(rsh*ish*ish)\n", + "total_loss=(p/efficiency)-p\n", + "strayloss=total_loss-cu_loss\n", + "T=(p/efficiency*60)/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)cu losses= \",cu_loss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"b)iron and friction loss= \",strayloss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"c)Torque exerted by the prime mover= \",T,\" N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)cu losses= 1584.44 W\n", + "b)iron and friction loss= 1415.56 W\n", + "c)Torque exerted by the prime mover= 238.853503185 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.27, Page Number:930" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "r=10#ohm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rsh=50#ohm\n", + "vdb=1#V(voltage drop per brush)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=i*r\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "E=v+(ia*ra)+(2*vdb)\n", + "totalpower=E*ia\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "efficiency=output/totalpower\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced e.m.f.= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"efficiency= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced e.m.f.= 214.0 V\n", + "efficiency= 77.8816199377 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.28, Page Number:930" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.02#ohm\n", + "ri=0.025#ohm\n", + "rsh=100#ohm\n", + "ironloss=1000#W\n", + "frictionloss=500#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "totalra=ra+rseries+ri\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "copperloss=ia*ia*totalra\n", + "shculoss=ish*v\n", + "total_loss=copperloss+ironloss+frictionloss+shculoss\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"F.L. efficiency of the machine= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "F.L. efficiency of the machine= 87.3089843128 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.29, Page Number:930" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=Symbol('A')\n", + "B=Symbol('B')\n", + "ironloss=8#kW\n", + "r=0.25#reduction in speed\n", + "n_ironloss=5#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ans=solve([ironloss-(A*1+B*1**2),n_ironloss-(A*(1-r)+B*(1-r)**2)],[A,B])\n", + "wh=ans[A]\n", + "we=ans[B]\n", + "wh2=ans[A]*0.5\n", + "we2=ans[B]*0.5**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)full speed:\"\n", + "print \"Wh=\",round(wh,3),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"We=\",round(we,3),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"ii)half speed:\"\n", + "print \"Wh=\",round(wh2,3),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"We=\",round(we2,3),\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)full speed:\n", + "Wh= 2.667 kW\n", + "We= 5.333 kW\n", + "ii)half speed:\n", + "Wh= 1.333 kW\n", + "We= 1.333 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.30, Page Number:931" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "N=Symbol('N')\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "wh=250.0#w\n", + "we=100.0#w\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "A=wh/(n/60)\n", + "B=we/((n/60)**2)\n", + "new_loss=(wh+we)/2\n", + "ans=solve([new_loss-A*N-B*(N**2)],[N])\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Speed at which total loss will be halved=\",ans[1],\"r.p.s\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Speed at which total loss will be halved= (9.50045787200216,) r.p.s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.31, Page Number:931" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=10.0*1000#W\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "ra=0.6#ohm\n", + "rsh=160.0#ohm\n", + "mechcoreloss=500.0#W\n", + "culoss=360.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "i=output/v\n", + "ia=ish+i\n", + "culossa=ia*ia*ra\n", + "totalloss=culoss+mechcoreloss+culossa\n", + "inputp=output+totalloss\n", + "efficiency=output/inputp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Power required= \",inputp*0.001,\" kW\"\n", + "print \"efficinecy= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power required= 11.9780166667 kW\n", + "efficinecy= 83.486275552 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.32, Page Number:932" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=110*1000#W\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.01#ohm\n", + "rse=0.002#ohm\n", + "rsh=110#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=p/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=il+ish\n", + "E=v+ia*(ra+rse)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced emf= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced emf= 226.024 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.33 Page Number:932" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "E=216.0#V\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "slots=144\n", + "con=6\n", + "n2=500.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=con*slots\n", + "a=p\n", + "phi=(E*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "a=2\n", + "armatureE=(phi*z*n2*p)/(60*a)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the armature emf= \",armatureE,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the armature emf= 360.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.34 Page Number:933" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "r=0.15#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ar=p*r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature resistance=\",ar" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature resistance= 0.6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_KTU5lgY.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_KTU5lgY.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..495cee05 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_KTU5lgY.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1433 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:62e227cc38186a0706017dd159987c82bd21be1d7e8602e20c55cf079ab30efe" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 33: Transformer:Three Phase" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.1, Page Number:1216" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=3\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vd=22000.0#V\n", + "vs=400.0#V\n", + "phi=0.8\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calcuations\n", + "v_phase_secondary=vs/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "K=(vs/vd)/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i_primary=i/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i_secondary=i_primary/K\n", + "il=i_secondary\n", + "output=math.sqrt(3)*il*vs*phi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output=\",output/10000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output= 15.2420471066 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.2, Page Number:1217" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=500.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vls=11.0#kV\n", + "vld=33.0#kV\n", + "rh=35.0#ohm\n", + "rl=0.876#ohm\n", + "iron_loss=3050.0#W\n", + "phi1=1.0\n", + "phi2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "K=(vls*1000)/(math.sqrt(3)*vld*1000)\n", + "r02=rl+K**2*rh\n", + "i_Secondary=(w*1000)/(math.sqrt(3)*vls*1000)\n", + "#full load\n", + "fl_culoss=3*((w/(vls*math.sqrt(3)))**2)*r02\n", + "fl_totalloss=fl_culoss+iron_loss\n", + "fl_efficiency1=w*1000/(w*1000+fl_totalloss)\n", + "fl_efficiency2=(phi2*w*1000)/(w*phi2*1000+fl_totalloss)\n", + "#half load\n", + "cu_loss=.5**2*fl_culoss\n", + "totalloss=cu_loss+iron_loss\n", + "efficiency1=(w*1000/2)/((w*1000/2)+totalloss)\n", + "efficiency2=(w*1000*phi2/2)/((phi2*w*1000/2)+totalloss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency at p.f. 1=\",fl_efficiency1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full load efficiency at p.f. 0.8=\",fl_efficiency2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"half load efficiency at p.f. 1=\",efficiency1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"half load efficiency at p.f. 0.8=\",round(efficiency2*100),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load efficiency at p.f. 1= 98.5147491838 %\n", + "full load efficiency at p.f. 0.8= 98.1503046336 %\n", + "half load efficiency at p.f. 1= 98.3585709725 %\n", + "half load efficiency at p.f. 0.8= 98.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.3, Page Number:1218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=0.02\n", + "va=2000\n", + "reactance=0.1\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "cu_loss=r*100*va/100\n", + "regn=r*100*math.cos(phi)+reactance*100*math.sin(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Cu loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"Regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cu loss= 40.0 kW\n", + "Regulation= 7.6 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 39 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.4, Page Number:1218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=120.0#kVA\n", + "v1=6000.0\n", + "v2=400.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "iron_loss=1600.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss_fl=iron_loss*((4/3)**2)\n", + "fl_output=w*pf*1000\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+cu_loss_fl\n", + "efficiency1=fl_output/(fl_output+total_loss)\n", + "cu_loss_hl=0.5**2*cu_loss_fl\n", + "total_loss2=cu_loss_hl+iron_loss\n", + "efficiency2=(w*1000/2)/((w*1000/2)+total_loss2)\n", + "total_loss3=2*iron_loss\n", + "output=(3.0/4)*w*1000\n", + "inpt=output+total_loss3\n", + "efficiency=output/inpt\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency=\",efficiency1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"half load efficiency=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"3/4 load efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load efficiency= 96.7741935484 %\n", + "half load efficiency= 96.7741935484 %\n", + "3/4 load efficiency= 96.5665236052 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.5, Page Number:1218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "rp=8.0#ohm\n", + "rs=0.08#ohm\n", + "z=0.07\n", + "pf=0.75\n", + "v1=33.0\n", + "v2=6.6\n", + "w=2*10.0**6\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "fl_i=w/(math.sqrt(3)*v2*10**3)\n", + "K=v2/(math.sqrt(3)*v1)\n", + "r02=rs+(rp*(K*K))\n", + "z_drop=z*v2*1000/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "z02=z_drop/fl_i\n", + "x02=math.sqrt((z02*z02)-(r02*r02))\n", + "drop=fl_i*(r02*math.cos(phi)+x02*math.sin(phi))\n", + "secondary_v=v2*1000/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "V2=secondary_v-drop\n", + "line_v=V2*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "regn=drop*100/secondary_v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary voltage\",line_v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary voltage 6254.29059005 V\n", + "regulation= 5.23802136291 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.6, Page Number:1219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=100.0#kWA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=3300.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "rh=3.5#ohm\n", + "rl=0.02#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "efficiency=0.958\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=0.8*100\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "total_loss=(inpt-output)*1000\n", + "K=v2/(math.sqrt(3)*v1)\n", + "r02=rl+K**2*rh\n", + "i2=((w*1000)/math.sqrt(3))/v2\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r02\n", + "iron_loss=total_loss-cu_loss\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ironloss=\",iron_loss,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.0371411080502\n", + "2321.31925314\n", + "ironloss= 1185.98763622 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.7, Page Number:1219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=5000.0#kVA\n", + "v1=6.6#kV\n", + "v2=33.0#kV\n", + "nl=15.0#kW\n", + "fl=50.0#kW\n", + "drop=0.07\n", + "load=3200.0#kw\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i2=w*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v2*1000)\n", + "impedence_drop=drop*(v2/math.sqrt(3))*1000\n", + "z02=impedence_drop/i2\n", + "cu_loss=fl-nl\n", + "r02=cu_loss*1000/(3*i2**2)\n", + "x02=math.sqrt(z02**2-r02**2)\n", + "print \"full-load x02:\",x02\n", + "\n", + "#when load=3200#kW\n", + "i2=load/(math.sqrt(3)*v2*0.8)\n", + "drop_=drop*1000*(r02*math.cos(phi)+z02*math.sin(phi))\n", + "regn=(drop_*100)/(v2*1000/math.sqrt(3))\n", + "vp=v1+regn/100*v1\n", + "print \"Primary voltage=\",vp*1000,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full-load x02: 15.1695784661\n", + "Primary voltage= 6851.39317975 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 95 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.8, Page Number:1219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=1\n", + "x=6\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "v2=4800#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "regn=(r*math.cos(phi)+z*math.sin(phi))\n", + "secondary_v=v2+regn/100*v2\n", + "secondary_vp=secondary_v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "K=secondary_vp/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Transformation Ratio=\",K" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Transformation Ratio= 0.423426587968\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 96 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.9, Page Number:1220" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=2000#kVA\n", + "v1=6600#V\n", + "v2=400#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "scv=400#V\n", + "sci=175#A\n", + "scw=17#kW\n", + "ocv=400#V\n", + "oci=150#A\n", + "ocw=15#kW\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=sci/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "z01=scv/i1\n", + "r01=scw*1000/(3*i1*i1)\n", + "x01=math.sqrt(z01**2-r01**2)\n", + "r=i1*r01*100/v1\n", + "x=i1*x01*100/v1\n", + "regn=(r*math.cos(phi)-x*math.sin(phi))\n", + "I1=w*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v1)\n", + "total_loss=scw+ocw\n", + "fl_output=w*pf\n", + "efficiency=fl_output/(fl_output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"% resistance=\",r,\"%\"\n", + "print \"% reactance=\",x,\"%\"\n", + "print \"% efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"%regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "% resistance= 0.849779616989 %\n", + "% reactance= 6.00073499035 %\n", + "% efficiency= 98.0392156863 %\n", + "%regulation= -2.92061730062 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.10, Page Number:1220" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11000.0#V\n", + "v2=440.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "secondary_rating=v2/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "primary_i=i/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "voltsamps=v1*5/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i2=voltsamps/secondary_rating\n", + "output=pf*voltsamps/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Each coil current=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Total output=\",output,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Each coil current= 125.0 A\n", + "Total output= 25.4034118443 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 116 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.12, Page Number:1224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=40#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kVA_per_transformer=load/2*1.15\n", + "delta_delta_rating=kVA_per_transformer*3\n", + "increase=(delta_delta_rating-load)*100/load\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"increase=\",increase,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "increase= 72.5 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 126 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.13, Page Number:1224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=20#kVA\n", + "v1=2300#v\n", + "v2=230#V\n", + "load=40#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kva_load=load/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "percent_rated=kva_load*100/w\n", + "kvarating_vv=2*w*0.866\n", + "vv_delta=kvarating_vv*100/60\n", + "percentage_increase=kva_load/(load/3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)kVA load of each transformer=\",kva_load,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"ii)per cent of rated load carried by each transformer=\",percent_rated,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)total kVA rating of the V-V bank\",kvarating_vv,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"iv)ratio of the v-v bank to delta-delta bank\",vv_delta,\"%\"\n", + "print \"v)percent increase in load=\",percentage_increase*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)kVA load of each transformer= 23.0940107676 kVA\n", + "ii)per cent of rated load carried by each transformer= 115.470053838 %\n", + "iii)total kVA rating of the V-V bank 34.64 kVA\n", + "iv)ratio of the v-v bank to delta-delta bank 57.7333333333 %\n", + "v)percent increase in load= 177.646236674 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 130 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.14, Page Number:1225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=150.0#kW\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "v=2000.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(pf*math.sqrt(3)*1000)\n", + "ip=il/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ratio=v1/v\n", + "ip=ip*ratio\n", + "I=il\n", + "Ip=I*ratio\n", + "pf=86.6/100*pf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"delta-delta:current in the windings=\",ip,\"A\"\n", + "print \"v-v:current in the windings=\",Ip,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Power factor\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "delta-delta:current in the windings= 28.8683602771 A\n", + "v-v:current in the windings= 50.0014667312 A\n", + "Power factor 0.749956\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 133 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.15, Page Number:1225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3000#kW\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "I=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*1000*pf)\n", + "transformer_pf=86.6/100*pf\n", + "additional_load=72.5/100*load\n", + "total_load=additional_load+load\n", + "il=total_load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*1000*pf)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Il=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"phase current=\",il/math.sqrt(3),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Il= 339.521323075 A\n", + "phase current= 196.022727273 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 134 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.16, Page Number:1225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=400#kVA\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kVA_each=(load/2)/pf\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "p1=kVA_each*math.cos(math.radians(30-phi))\n", + "p2=kVA_each*math.cos(math.radians(30+phi))\n", + "p=p1+p2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kVA supplied by each transformer=\",kVA_each,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"kW supplied by each transformer=\",p,\"kW\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kVA supplied by each transformer= 230.946882217 kVA\n", + "kW supplied by each transformer= 399.995027715 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 136 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.17, Page Number:1228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "load=33.0#kVA\n", + "v2=3300.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vl=0.866*v2\n", + "ilp=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v2)\n", + "ils=ilp/(440/v2)\n", + "main_kva=v2*ilp*0.001\n", + "teaser_kva=0.866*main_kva\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage rating of each coil=\",vl\n", + "print \"current rating of each coil=\",ils\n", + "print \"main kVA=\",main_kva,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"teaser kVA=\",teaser_kva,\"kVA\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage rating of each coil= 2857.8\n", + "current rating of each coil= 43.3012701892\n", + "main kVA= 19.0525588833 kVA\n", + "teaser kVA= 16.4995159929 kVA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 139 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.18, Page Number:1231" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "output=150.0#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ratio=v2/v\n", + "i2=output*1000/(2*v2)\n", + "i1=i2*ratio\n", + "primary_volts=(math.sqrt(3)*v)/2\n", + "ratio=v2/primary_volts\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"turns ratio\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= 170.454545455 A\n", + "turns ratio 0.524863881081\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.19, Page Number:1231" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=100.0#V\n", + "v2=3300.0#V\n", + "p=400.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=v/v2\n", + "i2=p*1000/(pf*v)\n", + "ip=1.15*K*i2\n", + "I2m=K*i2\n", + "i2=ip/2\n", + "i1m=math.sqrt(I2m**2+i2**2)\n", + "\n", + "#reslult\n", + "print \"Current=\",i1m,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current= 174.77684841 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 150 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.20, Page Number:1232" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "w1=300#kW\n", + "w2=450#kW\n", + "v1=100#V\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "v2=3300#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=v/v2\n", + "i2t=(w2*1000)/(100*pf)\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "I2m=(K*w1*1000)/(100*pf)\n", + "i2=i1t/2\n", + "i1m=math.sqrt(I2m**2+i2**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Current=\",i1m,\"A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current= 169.804606659 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.21, Page Number:1233" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=80.0#V\n", + "v2=11000.0#V\n", + "w1=500.0#kW\n", + "w2=800.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=v1/v2\n", + "#unity pf\n", + "i2t=w1*1000/v1\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "i2m=K*w2*1000/v1\n", + "i1t_half=i1t/2\n", + "ip=math.sqrt(i2m**2+i1t_half**2)\n", + "\n", + "print \"unity pf\"\n", + "print \"one 3 phase line carries\",i1t,\"A whereas the other 2 carry\",ip,\"A each\"\n", + "#0.5 pf\n", + "i2t=w1*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "i2m=K*w2*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "i1t_half=i1t/2\n", + "ip=math.sqrt(i2m**2+i1t_half**2)\n", + "print \"0.5 pf\"\n", + "print \"one 3 phase line carries\",i1t,\"A whereas the other 2 carry\",ip,\"A each\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "unity pf\n", + "one 3 phase line carries 52.2727272727 A whereas the other 2 carry 77.281082436 A each\n", + "0.5 pf\n", + "one 3 phase line carries 104.545454545 A whereas the other 2 carry 154.562164872 A each\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 171 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.22, Page Number:1234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=50#V\n", + "v2=4.6*1000#V\n", + "load=350#kW\n", + "w=200#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "K=v1/v2\n", + "i2t=w*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "i2m=load*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "Ki2m=K*i2m\n", + "i1t_half=i1t/2\n", + "i1m=math.sqrt(Ki2m**2+i1t_half**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current in line A=\",i1t\n", + "print \"current in line B=\",i1m\n", + "print \"current in line C=\",i1m" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current in line A= 62.5\n", + "current in line B= 100.11107076\n", + "current in line C= 100.11107076\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 173 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.23, Page Number:1234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=231#V\n", + "v2=6600#v\n", + "volt_induced=8#v\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "hv=v2/volt_induced\n", + "vl=v*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "n_lv1=vl/volt_induced\n", + "n_lv2=math.sqrt(3)*n_lv1/2\n", + "n=2*n_lv2/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"neutral point is located on the\",math.ceil(n),\"th turn from A downwards\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "neutral point is located on the 29.0 th turn from A downwards\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 176 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.24, Page Number:1235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6000.0#V\n", + "v2=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "area=300.0#cm2\n", + "flux=1.2#Wb/m2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n1=v/(4.44*f*flux*area*0.0001*0.9)\n", + "K=v2/v\n", + "n2=n1*K\n", + "n_lv=math.sqrt(3)*n2/2\n", + "turns=n_lv*2/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"NUmber of turns in AN=\",math.floor(turns)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " NUmber of turns in AN= 35.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 183 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.25, Page Number:1235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "load=30.0#kVA\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v2)\n", + "vl=0.866*v2\n", + "kva=il*vl*(0.001)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage=\",vl,\"V\"\n", + "print \"kVA rating\",kva,\"kVA\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage= 216.5 V\n", + "kVA rating 14.9995599935 kVA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 185 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.26, Page Number:1237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#vaiable declaration\n", + "load=500#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(2,6)\n", + "zb=complex(2,5)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load*complex(math.cos(phi),math.sin(phi))\n", + "z1=za/zb\n", + "z2=zb/za\n", + "sa=s/(1+z1)\n", + "sb=s/(1+z2)\n", + "pfa=cmath.phase(sa)\n", + "pfb=cmath.phase(sb)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",abs(sa)\n", + "print \"sb=\",abs(sb)\n", + "print \"cos phi_a=\",pfa\n", + "print \"cos phi_b=\",pfb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= 230.042839552\n", + "sb= 270.171613479\n", + "cos phi_a= 0.611765735265\n", + "cos phi_b= 0.670521557981\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.27, Page Number:1237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=2000#kVA\n", + "w1=4000#kVA\n", + "w2=5000#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(2,8)\n", + "zb=complex(1.6,3)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "za_per=(w1/w)*za\n", + "zb_per=zb\n", + "z=za_per+zb_per\n", + "s=complex(w1,w-w2)\n", + "sb=s*(za/z)\n", + "sa=s-sb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= (2284.2287695-1821.49046794j)\n", + "sb= (1715.7712305-1178.50953206j)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 211 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.28, Page Number:1237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1400#kVA\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "w1=1000#kVA\n", + "w2=500#kVA\n", + "v1=6600\n", + "v2=400\n", + "za=complex(0.001,0.003)\n", + "zb=complex(0.0028,0.005)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zb=(w1/w2)*zb\n", + "z=za/(za+zb)\n", + "x=math.cos(-phi)\n", + "y=math.sin(-phi)*1j\n", + "s=load*(x+y)\n", + "sb=s*z\n", + "sa=s-sb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= (929.911014012-588.664867724j)\n", + "sb= (282.488985988-111.396729565j)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 240 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.29, Page Number:1238" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=750#kVA\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "w1=500#kVA\n", + "w2=250#kVA\n", + "v1=3300\n", + "v2=400\n", + "za=complex(2,3)\n", + "zb=complex(1.5,4)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zb=(w1/w2)*zb\n", + "z=za/(za+zb)\n", + "x=math.cos(-phi)\n", + "y=math.sin(-phi)*1j\n", + "s=load*(x+y)\n", + "sb=s*z\n", + "sa=s-sb\n", + "per_r=za.real*(sa.real)/w1\n", + "per_x=(za.imag)*(sa.imag)/w1\n", + "total_per=per_r+per_x\n", + "vl=v2-(total_per*4)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= (399.511103547-348.770523615j)\n", + "sb= (130.738896453-181.639636072j)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 242 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.30, Page Number:1240" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=100/5\n", + "i=5#A\n", + "i1=3.5#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=i1*ratio\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Line current=\",il,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Line current= 70.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 214 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.31, Page Number:1240" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i1=2000#A\n", + "i2=2500#A\n", + "i=5#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ratio1=i1/i\n", + "ratio2=i2/i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio in first case=\",ratio1\n", + "print \"ratio in second case=\",ratio2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio in first case= 400\n", + "ratio in second case= 500\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 216 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_O3VudAg.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_O3VudAg.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7862658a --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_O3VudAg.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,3137 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:3a9b903871f8bdf2f971bf001fa7cff3dbf47aad5e657d5bfcea016f9756d9ac" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 37: Alternators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.1, Page Number:1412" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "s1=36.0\n", + "p1=4.0\n", + "span1=8.0\n", + "s2=72.0\n", + "p2=6.0\n", + "span2=10.0\n", + "s3=96.0\n", + "p3=6.0\n", + "span3=12.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "alpha1=2*p1*180/s1\n", + "alpha2=3*p2*180/s2\n", + "alpha3=5*p3*180/s3\n", + "kc1=math.cos(math.radians(alpha1/2))\n", + "kc2=math.cos(math.radians(alpha2/2))\n", + "kc3=math.cos(math.radians(alpha3/2))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)kc=\",kc1\n", + "print \"b)kc=\",kc2\n", + "print \"c)kc=\",kc3" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)kc= 0.939692620786\n", + "b)kc= 0.923879532511\n", + "c)kc= 0.881921264348\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.2, Page Number:1414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "s=36.0\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n=s/p\n", + "beta=180/n\n", + "m=s/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"distribution factor=\",kd" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "distribution factor= 0.959795080524\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.3, Page Number:1414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=10.0#V\n", + "beta=30.0#degrees\n", + "m=6.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "arith_sum=6*v\n", + "vector_sum=kd*arith_sum\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "print \"emf of six coils in series=\",vector_sum,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf of six coils in series= 38.6370330516 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.4, Page Number:1414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "ratio=2.0/3.0\n", + "m1=9\n", + "m2=6\n", + "m3=3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kd1=math.sin(m1*math.radians(beta/2))/(m1*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd2=math.sin(m2*math.radians(beta/2))/(m2*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd3=math.sin(m3*math.radians(beta/2))/(m3*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i) kd=\",kd1\n", + "print \"ii)kd=\",kd2\n", + "print \"iii)kd=\",kd3" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i) kd= 0.639863387016\n", + "ii)kd= 0.831206922161\n", + "iii)kd= 0.959795080524\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.5, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "slot=18.0\n", + "s=16.0\n", + "m1=3.0\n", + "m2=5.0\n", + "m3=7.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "span=(s-1)\n", + "alpha=180*3/slot\n", + "kc1=math.cos(math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "kc3=math.cos(math.radians(m1*alpha/2))\n", + "kc5=math.cos(math.radians(m2*alpha/2))\n", + "kc7=math.cos(math.radians(m3*alpha/2))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kc1=\",kc1\n", + "print \"kc3=\",kc3\n", + "print \"kc5=\",kc5\n", + "print \"kc7=\",kc7" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kc1= 0.965925826289\n", + "kc3= 0.707106781187\n", + "kc5= 0.258819045103\n", + "kc7= -0.258819045103\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.6, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=16.0\n", + "s=144.0\n", + "z=10.0\n", + "phi=0.03#Wb\n", + "n=375.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "f=p*n/120\n", + "n=s/p\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "m=s/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "t=s*z/(3*2)\n", + "eph=4.44*1*0.96*f*phi*t\n", + "el=3**0.5*eph\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency=\",f,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"phase emf=\",eph,\"V\"\n", + "print \"line emf=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency= 50.0 Hz\n", + "phase emf= 1534.464 V\n", + "line emf= 2657.76961039 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.7, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "s=54\n", + "phi=0.1#Wb\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "t=8\n", + "#calculations\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "kc=math.cos(beta/2)\n", + "f=p*n/120\n", + "n=s/p\n", + "m=s/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "z=s*8/3\n", + "t=z/2\n", + "eph=4.44*0.98*0.96*f*phi*t\n", + "el=3**0.*eph\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"eph=\",eph,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "eph= 1804.529664 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.8, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=16.0\n", + "slots=144.0\n", + "z=4.0\n", + "n=375.0\n", + "airgap=5*0.01\n", + "theta=150.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kf=1.11\n", + "alpha=(180-theta)\n", + "kc=math.cos(math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "m=slots/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "f=p*n/120\n", + "s=slots/3\n", + "eph=4*kf*kc*kd*f*airgap*s*4/2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf per phase=\",eph,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf per phase= 987.908016392 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.9, Page Number:1417" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=10\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "n=600#rpm\n", + "slots=180\n", + "s=15\n", + "d=1.2#m\n", + "l=0.4#m\n", + "m=6\n", + "beta=180/18\n", + "#calculations\n", + "area=(1.2*3.14/p)*l\n", + "phi1=area*0.637\n", + "vr=1.1*2*f*phi1\n", + "vp=2**0.5*vr\n", + "v3=0.4*vp\n", + "v5=0.2*vp\n", + "vf=6*vp*0.966\n", + "vf3=6*v3*0.707\n", + "vf5=6*v5*0.259\n", + "kd1=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd2=math.sin(math.radians(3*m*beta/2))/(6*math.sin(3*math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd3=math.sin(math.radians(5*m*beta/2))/(6*math.sin(5*math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "vph=vf*2**0.5*60*kd1\n", + "vph3=vf3*2**0.5*60*kd2\n", + "vph5=vf5*2**0.5*60*kd3\n", + "rmsv=(vph**2+vph3**2+vph5**2)**0.5\n", + "rmsvl=3**0.5*(vph**2+vph5**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)e=\",vp,\"sin theta+\",v3,\"sin 3theta+\",v5,\"sin 5theta\"\n", + "print \"ii)e=\",vf,\"sin theta+\",vf3,\"sin 3theta+\",vf5,\"sin 5theta\"\n", + "print \"iii)rms value of phase voltage=\",rmsv,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)e= 14.9354392872 sin theta+ 5.97417571489 sin 3theta+ 2.98708785745 sin 5theta\n", + "ii)e= 86.5658061088 sin theta+ 25.3424533826 sin 3theta+ 4.64193453047 sin 5theta\n", + "iii)rms value of phase voltage= 7158.83679423 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 33 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.10, Page Number:1418" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slot=60.0\n", + "z=4.0\n", + "s=3.0\n", + "theta=60.0\n", + "phi=0.943#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "m=slot/(p*s)\n", + "beta=slot/5\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "alpha=(s/15)*180\n", + "kc=math.cos(math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "z=slot*z/s\n", + "t=z/2\n", + "kf=1.11\n", + "eph=z*kf*kc*kd*f*phi*t/2\n", + "el=3**0.5*eph*0.1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line voltage=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line voltage= 13196.4478482 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.11, Page Number:1418" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slot=15.0\n", + "z=10.0\n", + "kd=0.95\n", + "e=1825#v\n", + "kc=1\n", + "kf=1.11\n", + "#calculations\n", + "slots=p*slot\n", + "slotsp=slots/3\n", + "turnp=20*z/2\n", + "phi=e/(3**0.5*p*kc*kf*kd*f*turnp)\n", + "z=slots*z\n", + "n=120*f/p\n", + "eg=(phi*0.001*z*n)/slots\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf=\",eg*1000,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf= 749.405577006 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.12, Page Number:1419" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=360#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "i=3.6#A\n", + "f2=40#Hz\n", + "i2=2.4#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e2=v*i2*f2/(f*i)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e2=\",e2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e2= 160.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.13, Page Number:1418" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slot=2\n", + "z=4\n", + "theta=150#degrees\n", + "phi=0.12#Wb\n", + "per=20#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "alpha=180-theta\n", + "slotp=6\n", + "m=2\n", + "beta=180/slotp\n", + "kd1=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "z=10*slot*z\n", + "t=z/2\n", + "e1=4.44*kd1*kd1*f*0.12*t\n", + "kc3=math.cos(3*math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "f2=f*3\n", + "phi3=(1.0/3)*per*0.12\n", + "e3=4.44*kd3*kd3*theta*0.008*40\n", + "e=(e1**2+e3**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e=\",e,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e= 994.25286629 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.14, Page Number:1419" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "per=10.0#%\n", + "per2=6.0#%\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#star connection\n", + "e5=per*v/100\n", + "e=(v**2+e5**2)**0.5\n", + "eph=3**0.5*e\n", + "\n", + "#delta\n", + "e3=10*v/100\n", + "f3=10*3\n", + "i=e3/f3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line voltage for star=\",eph,\"V\"\n", + "print \"line voltage for delta=\",e3,\"V\"\n", + "print \"current=\",i,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line voltage for star= 400.358589267 V\n", + "line voltage for delta= 23.0 V\n", + "current= 0.766666666667 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.15(a), Page Number:1420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=10.0\n", + "p1=24.0\n", + "f=25#Hz\n", + "p3=6.0\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "n=120*f/p\n", + "f1=p1*n/120\n", + "n2=120*f1/6\n", + "n3=(1-s)*n2\n", + "f2=s*f1p\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency=\",f1,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n3,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency= 60.0 Hz\n", + "speed= 1140.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.15(b), Page Number:1420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "phi=0.12#Wb\n", + "slotsp=4\n", + "cp=4\n", + "theta=150#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "slots=slotsp*3*p\n", + "c=cp*slots\n", + "turns=32\n", + "kb=math.sin(math.radians(60/2))/(p*math.sin(math.radians(7.5)))\n", + "kp=math.cos(math.radians(15))\n", + "eph=4.44*50*0.12*kb*0.966*turns\n", + "el=eph*3**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line voltage\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line voltage 1365.94840977 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.16, Page Number:1426" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10#MW\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.66#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*10**6/(3**0.5*v*1000*pf)\n", + "iradrop=i*r\n", + "ixsdrop=i*x\n", + "vp=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+i*r)**2+(vp*sinphi+i*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "el=3**0.5*e0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"linevalue of emf=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "linevalue of emf= 11475.6408913 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.17(a), Page Number:1428" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2200.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "load=440.0#KVA\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "il=200.0#A\n", + "vf=1160.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zs=vf/200\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous impedence=\",zs,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"synchronous reactance=\",xs,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous impedence= 5.8 ohm\n", + "synchronous reactance= 5.77840808528 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 71 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.17(b), Page Number:1428" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=60.0#kVA\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.016#ohm\n", + "x=0.07#ohm\n", + "pf=0.7\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixl=i*x\n", + "#unity pf\n", + "e=((v+ira)**2+(ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "#pf of 0.7 lag\n", + "e2=((v*pf+ira)**2+(v*pf+ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "#pf of 0.7 lead\n", + "e3=((v*pf+ira)**2+(v*pf-ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage with pf=1\",e,\"V\"\n", + "print \"voltage with pf=0.7 lag\",e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"voltage with pf=0.7 lead\",e3,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage with pf=1 225.174386048 V\n", + "voltage with pf=0.7 lag 234.604995966 V\n", + "voltage with pf=0.7 lead 208.03726621 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.18(a), Page Number:1429" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=50.0#KVA\n", + "v1=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.25#ohm\n", + "x=3.2#ohm\n", + "xl=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=v1/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v1)\n", + "rd=i*r\n", + "ixl=i*xl\n", + "ea=((v+rd)**2+(ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "el=3**0.5*ea\n", + "e0=((v+rd)**2+(i*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "e0l=e0*3**0.5\n", + "per=(e0-v)/v\n", + "xa=x-xl\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"internal emf Ea=\",el,\"V\"\n", + "print \"no load emf=\",e0l,\"V\"\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",per*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"valueof synchronous reactance=\",xa,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "internal emf Ea= 471.842539659 V\n", + "no load emf= 592.991130967 V\n", + "percentage regulation= 34.7707115833 %\n", + "valueof synchronous reactance= 2.7 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 87 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.19, Page Number:1432" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "v=50.0#V\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "il=100.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "vt=200.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "zs=v/vt\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "ira=il*r\n", + "ixs=il*xs\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "e0=((vt*pf+ira)**2+(vt*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced voltage=\",e0,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced voltage= 222.090276316 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 90 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.20, Page Number:1433" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2000.0#V\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.71\n", + "i2=2.5#A\n", + "v2=500.0#V\n", + "r=0.8#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "sinphi2=math.sin(math.acos(pf2))\n", + "zs=v2/i\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**.5\n", + "#unity pf\n", + "e01=((v+r*i)**2+(i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg1=(e01-v)*100/v\n", + "#at pf=0.8\n", + "e02=((v*pf+r*i)**2+(v*sinphi1-i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg2=(e02-v)*100/v\n", + "#at pf=0.71\n", + "e03=((v*pf2+r*i)**2+(v*sinphi2+i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg3=(e03-v)*100/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation unity pf=\",reg1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf=\",reg2,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.71 lead pf=\",reg3,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.6\n", + "voltage regulation unity pf= 6.88779163216 %\n", + "voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf= -8.875640156 %\n", + "voltage regulation 0.71 lead pf= 21.1141910671 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 100 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.21, Page Number:1433" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=3000.0#V\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.2\n", + "i1=40.0#A\n", + "i2=200.0#A\n", + "v2=1040.0#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "zs=v2/(3**0.5*i2)\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#at pf=0.8 lag\n", + "e01=((v1*pf+r*i)**2+(v1*sinphi1+i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg1=(e01-v1)*100/v1\n", + "#at pf=0.8 lead\n", + "e02=((v1*pf+r*i)**2+(v1*sinphi1-i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg2=(e02-v1)*100/v1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf=\",reg1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf=\",reg2,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf= 2.20611574348 %\n", + "voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf= -1.77945143824 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 112 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.22, Page Number:1434" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1600.0#kVA\n", + "v=13500.0#V\n", + "r=1.5#ohm\n", + "x=30.0#ohm\n", + "load1=1280.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "i=load1*1000/(3**0.5*v*pf)\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi1-ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-vp)*100/vp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage regulation= -11.9909032489 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 122 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.23, Page Number:1435" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "x=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "thetadel=math.atan((vp*sinphi+ixs)/(vp*pf+ira))\n", + "delta=math.degrees(thetadel)-math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation=\",regn*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"power angle=\",delta,\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage regulation= 48.0405877623 %\n", + "power angle= 18.9704078085 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 127 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.24, Page Number:1435" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=6000.0#KVA\n", + "v=6600.0#V\n", + "p=2.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "i2=125.0#A\n", + "v1=8000.0#V\n", + "i3=800.0#A\n", + "d=0.03\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "zs=v1/(3**0.5*i3)\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "rd=d*vp\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ira=rd\n", + "ra=ira/il\n", + "xs=(zs**2-ra**2)**0.5\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi+il*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",reg*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage regulation= 62.2972136768 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 133 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.25, Page Number:1435" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "load=2000#KVA\n", + "v=2300#V\n", + "i=600#A\n", + "v2=900#V\n", + "r=0.12#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "zs=v2/(3**0.5*i)\n", + "rp=r/2\n", + "re=rp*1.5\n", + "xs=(zs**2-re**2)**0.5\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ira=il*rp\n", + "ixs=il*xs\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "e0=((vp+ira)**2+(ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg1=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg2=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=1\",reg1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=0.8\",reg2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation at pf=1 7.32796146323 %\n", + "regulation at pf=0.8 23.8398862235 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 134 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.26, Page Number:1436" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=Symbol('v')\n", + "load=2000#KVA\n", + "load1=11#KV\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "x=5#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*load1*1000)\n", + "vt=load1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "e0=((vt*pf+ira)**2+(vt*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "v=solve(((pf*v+ira)**2+(sinphi*v-ixs)**2)**0.5-e0,v)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",v[1],\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= 6978.31767618569 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 150 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.27, Page Number:1436" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1200#KVA\n", + "load1=3.3#KV\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.25#ohm\n", + "i=35#A\n", + "i2=200#A\n", + "v=1.1#kV\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "zs=v*1000/(3**0.5*i2)\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "v=load1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", + "ia=load*1000/(3**0.5*load1*1000)\n", + "e=v+ia*zs\n", + "change=(e-v)/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"per unit change=\",change" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "per unit change= 0.349909254054\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 151 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.28, Page Number:1437" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v1=11#kV\n", + "load=3#MVA\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "v2=12370#V\n", + "vt=11000#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "r=0.4#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "E0=v1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "v=v2/3**0.5\n", + "pf=0\n", + "sinphi=1\n", + "xs=(v-(E0**2-(i*r)**2)**0.5)/i\n", + "il=load*10**6/(3**0.5*v1*1000)\n", + "ira=il*r\n", + "ixs=il*xs\n", + "e0=((E0*pf+ira)**2+(E0*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-E0)*100/E0\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 19.6180576177 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 175 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.29, Page Number:1437" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "vt=3500#v\n", + "load=2280#KW\n", + "v1=3300#V\n", + "r=8#ohm\n", + "x=6#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vl=vt/3**0.5\n", + "vp=v1/3**0.5\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v1*pf)\n", + "drop=vl-vp\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "x=vl/(z+drop/il)\n", + "vtp=vl-x*drop/il\n", + "vtpl=vtp*3**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",vtpl,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= 3420.781893 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 176 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.30, Page Number:1441" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3.5#MVA\n", + "v=4160#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "i=200#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=load*10**6/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "zs=4750/(3**0.5*il)\n", + "ra=0\n", + "ixs=il*zs\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "e0=((vp*pf)**2+(vp*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-vp)*100/vp\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",round(regn,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 91.7 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.31, Page Number:1441" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i_f1=20#A\n", + "i_f=37.5#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "eo=7600#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ob=math.sqrt(i_f**2+i*math.cos(math.radians(53.8)))\n", + "reg=(eo-v)*100/v\n", + "i=100*i_f/i_f1\n", + "zs=100*100/i\n", + "Eo=math.sqrt((100+zs*0.6)**2+(zs*pf)**2)\n", + "reg2=(Eo-100)*100/100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation:\"\n", + "print \"by ampere turn method=\",reg,\"%\"\n", + "print \"by synchronous impedence method=\",reg2,\"%\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation:\n", + "by ampere turn method= 15 %\n", + "by synchronous impedence method= 38.7243469779 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.32, Page Number:1442" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=0.2#ohm\n", + "p=1000000#VA\n", + "v=2000#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vp=v*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i=p/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "V=v/math.sqrt(3)+(i*r**pf)\n", + "reg=(1555-(v/math.sqrt(3)))*100/(v/math.sqrt(3))\n", + "reg2=(1080-(v/math.sqrt(3)))*100/(v/math.sqrt(3))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation when pf=0.8 lagging:\",round(reg,1),\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation when pf=0.8 leading:\",round(reg2,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation when pf=0.8 lagging: 34.7 %\n", + "regulation when pf=0.8 leading: -6.5 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.33, Page Number:1443" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x_drop=0.1\n", + "r_drop=0.02\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=3300#V\n", + "p=800000#VA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ir_drop=r_drop*vp\n", + "leakage=x_drop*vp\n", + "E=math.sqrt((vp*pf+ir_drop)**2+(vp*0.6+leakage)**2)\n", + "i=p/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"I=\",round(i),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "I= 140.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.34, Page Number:1444" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i_f1=17#A\n", + "p=2000000.0#VA\n", + "i_f2=42.5#A\n", + "v=6000.0/math.sqrt(3)#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e=math.sqrt((v*pf)**2+(v*0.6+450)**2)\n", + "#corresponding i=26.5 A\n", + "#field amperes required for balancing armature reaction=14.5A\n", + "i_f=math.sqrt(26.5**2+14.5**2+2*26.5*14.4*math.cos(math.radians(53.8)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resulting field current=\",round(i_f,1),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resulting field current= 36.9 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.35, Page Number:1446" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=11000#V\n", + "p=1000000#VA\n", + "r=2#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=p/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "e=math.sqrt((vp*pf+i*2)**2+(vp*0.6+p/1000)**2)\n", + "i1=math.sqrt(108**2+30**2+2*108*30*math.cos(math.radians(53.8)))\n", + "#corresponding emf=7700V\n", + "reg=(7700-vp)*100/vp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage regulation=\",round(reg,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage regulation= 21.2 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.36, Page Number:1448" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declarations\n", + "p=275000.0#W\n", + "v=6600.0#V\n", + "stator_i=35.0#A\n", + "exciting_i=50.0#A\n", + "x=0.08\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "x_drop=v*x/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i=p/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "ia=i*exciting_i/stator_i\n", + "ob=math.sqrt(vp**2+x_drop**2)\n", + "oc=59.8#field current corresponding tothe voltage\n", + "i_fl=p/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "ia2=exciting_i*i_fl/stator_i\n", + "ei=math.sqrt(ia2**2+oc**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Exciting current=\",round(ei),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Exciting current= 69.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.37, Page Number:1449" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=600000.0#VA\n", + "v=3300.0#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "l_drop=7\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=p/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "amp_turns=1.06*i*200.0/8\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "x_drop=vp*l_drop/100\n", + "oa=1910.0#V\n", + "reg=(2242.0-oa)*100/oa\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",round(reg,1),\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 17.4 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.38, Page Number:1450" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=15000000#VA\n", + "v=11000#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v1=8400\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=p/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "xl=640/i\n", + "zs=(v1/math.sqrt(3))/i\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eo=7540\n", + "reg=(eo-vp)*100/vp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",round(reg,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 18.7 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.39, Page Number:1455" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "xd=0.7\n", + "xq=0.4\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=1\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "ia=1\n", + "tandelta=ia*xq*pf/(v+xq*sinphi)\n", + "delta=math.atan(tandelta)\n", + "i_d=ia*math.sin(math.radians(36.9)+delta)\n", + "e0=v*math.cos(delta)+i_d*xd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load angle=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"no load voltage=\",e0,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load angle= 14.4702941001 degrees\n", + "no load voltage= 1.51511515874 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 185 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.40, Page Number:1455" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "xd=0.6\n", + "xq=0.45\n", + "ra=0.015\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "ia=1\n", + "v=1\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tanpsi=(v*sinphi+ia*xq)/(v*pf+ia*ra)\n", + "psi=math.atan(tanpsi)\n", + "delta=psi-math.acos(pf)\n", + "i_d=ia*math.sin(psi)\n", + "iq=ia*math.cos(psi)\n", + "e0=v*math.cos(delta)+iq*ra+i_d*xd\n", + "regn=(e0-v)*100/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"open circuit voltage=\",e0,\"V\"\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "open circuit voltage= 1.44767600311 V\n", + "regulation= 44.7676003107 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 187 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.41, Page Number:1455" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=10#A\n", + "phi=math.radians(20)\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "xd=10#ohm\n", + "xq=6.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "tandelta=ia*xq*pf/(v+ia*xq*sinphi)\n", + "delta=math.atan(tandelta)\n", + "i_d=ia*math.sin(phi+delta)\n", + "iq=ia*math.cos(phi+delta)\n", + "e0=v*math.cos(delta)+i_d*xd\n", + "regn=(e0-v)/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load angle=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"id=\",i_d,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iq=\",iq,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load angle= 8.23131209115 degrees\n", + "id= 4.7303232581 A\n", + "iq= 8.81045071911 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 189 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.42, Page Number:1459" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "e1=220#V\n", + "f1=60#Hz\n", + "e2=222#V\n", + "f2=59#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "emax=(e1+e2)/2\n", + "emin=(e2-e1)/2\n", + "f=(f1-f2)\n", + "epeak=emax/0.707\n", + "pulse=(f1-f2)*60\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"max voltage=\",emax,\"V\"\n", + "print \"min voltage=\",emin,\"V\"\n", + "print \"frequency=\",f,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"peak value of voltage=\",epeak,\"V\"\n", + "print \"number of maximum light pulsations/minute=\",pulse" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "max voltage= 221 V\n", + "min voltage= 1 V\n", + "frequency= 1 Hz\n", + "peak value of voltage= 312.588401697 V\n", + "number of maximum light pulsations/minute= 60\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 190 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.43, Page Number:1462" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "power=1500#kVA\n", + "v=6.6#kV\n", + "r=0.4#ohm\n", + "x=6#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=power*1000/(3**0.5*v*1000)\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "vp=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "tanphialpha=(vp*math.sin(phi)+ixs)/(vp*pf+ira)\n", + "phialpha=math.atan(tanphialpha)\n", + "alpha=phialpha-phi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power angle=\",math.degrees(alpha)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power angle= 7.87684146241\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 198 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.44, Page Number:1464" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3000#KVA\n", + "p=6\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "v=3300#v\n", + "x=0.25\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ixs=x*vp\n", + "xs=x*vp/i\n", + "alpha=1*p/2\n", + "psy=3*3.14*vp**2/(60*xs*n)\n", + "tsy=9.55*psy/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronizing power=\",psy,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tsy*1000,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronizing power= 628.0 kW\n", + "torque= 5997.4 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 202 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.45, Page Number:1465" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3#MVA\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "v1=3.3#kV\n", + "r=0.25\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000000/(3**0.5*v1*1000)\n", + "ixs=complex(0,r*vp)\n", + "xs=ixs/i\n", + "v=vp*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "e0=v+ixs\n", + "alpha=math.atan(e0.imag/e0.real)-math.acos(pf)\n", + "p=6/2\n", + "psy=abs(e0)*vp*math.cos(alpha)*math.sin(math.radians(3))/xs\n", + "tsy=9.55*3*psy*100/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous power=\",-psy*3/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"toque=\",-tsy/100,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous power= 722.236196153j kW\n", + "toque= 6897.35567326j N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 221 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.46, Page Number:1465" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=750#KVA\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "p=4\n", + "r=1#%\n", + "x=15#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v*1000)\n", + "vph=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "ira=r*vph/1000\n", + "ra=ira/i\n", + "xs=x*vph/(100*i)\n", + "zs=(ra**2+xs**2)**0.5\n", + "#no load\n", + "alpha=p/2\n", + "psy=math.radians(alpha)*vph**2/xs\n", + "#fl 0.8 pf\n", + "e=((vph*pf+i*ra)**2+(vph*math.sin(math.acos(pf)+i*xs))**2)**0.5\n", + "psy2=math.radians(alpha)*e*vph/xs\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Synchronous power at:\"\n", + "print \"no load=\",psy,\"W\"\n", + "print \"at pf of 0.8=\",psy2,\"w\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Synchronous power at:\n", + "no load= 58177.6417331 W\n", + "at pf of 0.8= 73621.2350169 w\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 225 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.47, Page Number:1466" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=2000#KVA\n", + "p=8\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "v1=6000#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "r=6#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "alpha=math.radians(4)\n", + "v=v1/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v1)\n", + "e0=((v*pf)**2+(v*math.sin(math.acos(pf))+i*r)**2)**0.5\n", + "psy=alpha*e0*v*3/r\n", + "tsy=9.55*psy/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous power=\",psy,\"W\"\n", + "print \"synchronous torque=\",tsy,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous power= 514916.500204 W\n", + "synchronous torque= 6556.60343593 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 226 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.48, Page Number:1467" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5000#KVA\n", + "v=10000#V\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=20#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=0.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "xs=r*vp/(1000*i)\n", + "p=120*f/n\n", + "alpha=math.radians(2)\n", + "#no load\n", + "psy=3*alpha*vp**2/(p*1000)\n", + "tsy=9.55*psy*1000/(n*2)\n", + "#pf=0.8\n", + "v2=vp*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "ixs=complex(0,i*4)\n", + "e0=v+ixs\n", + "psy2=abs(e0)*vp*math.cos(math.radians(8.1))*math.sin(math.radians(2))*3/4\n", + "tsy2=9.55*psy2/(n*20)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous power:\"\n", + "print \"atno load=\",psy,\"w\"\n", + "print \"at 0.8 pf=\",psy2,\"w\"\n", + "print \"torque:\"\n", + "print \"at no load=\",tsy,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"at pf=0.8=\",tsy2,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous power:\n", + "atno load= 872.664625997 w\n", + "at 0.8 pf= 1506057.44405 w\n", + "torque:\n", + "at no load= 2777.98239276 N-m\n", + "at pf=0.8= 479.428286357 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 229 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.49, Page Number:1468" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=6.6#kW\n", + "load1=3000#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "xa=complex(0.5,10)\n", + "xb=complex(0.4,12)\n", + "i0=150#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=complex(load*1000/3**0.5,0)\n", + "cosphi1=1500*1000/(load*1000*i0*3**0.5)\n", + "phi1=math.acos(cosphi1)\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(phi1)\n", + "i=328*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "i1=i0*complex(cosphi1,-sinphi1)\n", + "i2=i-i1\n", + "coshi2=i2.real/181\n", + "ea=v+i1*xa\n", + "eal=3**0.5*abs(ea)\n", + "eb=v+i2*xb\n", + "ebl=3**0.5*abs(eb)\n", + "alpha1=(ea.imag/ea.real)\n", + "alpha2=(eb.imag/eb.real)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Ea=\",ea,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha1=\",math.degrees(alpha1),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"alpha2=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Ea= (4602.91884998+1275.81974829j) V\n", + "Eb= (5352.42648271+1524.56032028j) V\n", + "alpha1= 15.8810288383 degrees\n", + "alpha2= 16.3198639435 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 245 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.50, Page Number:1468" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declration\n", + "e1=complex(230,0)\n", + "e2=230*complex(0.985,0.174)\n", + "z1=complex(0,2)\n", + "z2=complex(0,3)\n", + "z=6\n", + "i1=((e1-e2)*z+e1*z2)/(z*(z1+z2)+z1*z2)\n", + "i2=((e2-e1)*z+e2*z1)/(z*(z1+z2)+z1*z2)\n", + "i=i1+i2\n", + "v=i*z\n", + "p1=abs(v)*abs(i1)*math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "p2=abs(v)*abs(i2)*math.cos(math.atan(i2.imag/i2.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"current\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power 1=\",p1,\"W\"\n", + "print \"power 2=\",p2,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= (222.905384615-28.5730769231j) V\n", + "current (37.1508974359-4.76217948718j) A\n", + "power 1= 3210.60292765 W\n", + "power 2= 5138.29001053 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 249 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.51, Page Number:1471" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1500#kW\n", + "v=11#KV\n", + "pf=0.867\n", + "x=50#ohm\n", + "r=4#ohm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v*1000*pf)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "iwatt=il*pf\n", + "iwattless=il*sinphi\n", + "i1=il/2\n", + "i2=iwatt/2\n", + "iw1=(i**2-i1**2)**0.5\n", + "iw2=i2-iw1\n", + "ia=(i2**2+iw2**2)**0.5\n", + "vt=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "ir=i*r\n", + "ix=x*i\n", + "cosphi=i2/i\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(cosphi))\n", + "e=((vt*cosphi+ir)**2+(vt*sinphi+ix)**2)**0.5\n", + "el=3**0.5*e\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"line voltage=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 43.4628778514 A\n", + "line voltage= 14304.0798593 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 251 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.52, Page Number:1472" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10#MW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "output=6000#kW\n", + "pfa=0.92\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "phia=math.acos(pfa)\n", + "tanphi=math.tan(phi)\n", + "tanphia=math.tan(phia)\n", + "loadkvar=load*1000*tanphi\n", + "akvar=output*tanphia\n", + "kwb=(load*1000-output)\n", + "kvarb=loadkvar-akvar\n", + "kvab=complex(kwb,kvarb)\n", + "pfb=math.cos(math.atan(kvab.imag/kvab.real))\n", + "kvarb=kwb*pfb\n", + "kvara=-loadkvar-kvarb\n", + "kvaa=complex(output,kvara)\n", + "pfa=math.cos(math.atan(kvaa.imag/kvaa.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new pfb=\",pfb\n", + "print \"new pfa=\",pfa" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new pfb= 0.628980253433\n", + "new pfa= 0.513894032194\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 253 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.54, Page Number:1473" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "load=1000#KVA\n", + "x=20#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=87.5\n", + "x=8.7\n", + "vp=3810\n", + "e0=4311\n", + "ir=70\n", + "ix=52.5\n", + "IX=762\n", + "vb1=(e0**2-vp**2)**0.5\n", + "i1x=vb1\n", + "i1=i1x/x\n", + "output=3**0.5*v*i1/1000\n", + "b2v=(vp**2+e0**2)**0.5\n", + "i2z=b2v\n", + "i2=b2v/x\n", + "i2rx=e0\n", + "i2r=i2rx/x\n", + "i2x=vp/x\n", + "tanphi2=i2x/i2r\n", + "phi2=math.atan(tanphi2)\n", + "cosphi2=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "output1=3**0.5*v*i2*cosphi2/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power output at unity pf=\",output,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"max power output=\",output1,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " power output at unity pf= 2650.38477722 kW\n", + "max power output= 5664.52285143 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 255 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.55, Page Number:1474" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=10.0#ohm\n", + "i=220.0#A\n", + "load=11.0#kV\n", + "per=25.0#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "oa1=load*1000/3**0.5\n", + "a1c1=i*x\n", + "e0=(oa1**2+a1c1**2)**0.5\n", + "emf=(1+per/100)*e0\n", + "a1a2=(emf**2-a1c1**2)**0.5-oa1\n", + "ix=a1a2/x\n", + "i1=(i**2+ix**2)**0.5\n", + "pf=i/i1\n", + "bv=(oa1**2+emf**2)**0.5\n", + "imax=bv/x\n", + "ir=emf/x\n", + "ix=oa1/x\n", + "pfmax=ir/imax\n", + "output=3**0.5*load*1000*imax*pfmax*0.001\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"max power output=\",output,\"kW\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new current= 281.573453399 A\n", + "new power factor= 0.781323655849\n", + "max power output= 16006.7954319 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 258 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.56, Page Number:1475" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#MVA\n", + "load1=35.0#MVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "output=25.0#MVA\n", + "cosphi1=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "loadmw=load1*pf\n", + "loadmvar=load1*0.6\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(cosphi))\n", + "mva1=25\n", + "mw1=mva1*cosphi1\n", + "mvar1=25*sinphi1\n", + "mw2=loadmw-mw1\n", + "mvar2=loadmvar-mvar1\n", + "mva2=(mw2**2+mvar2**2)**0.5\n", + "cosphi2=mw2/mva2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output=\",mva2\n", + "print \"pf=\",cosphi2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output= 10.4509862952\n", + "pf= 0.52626611926\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 260 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.57, Page Number:1475" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declarations\n", + "load=600#KW\n", + "loadm=707#kW\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "output=900#kW\n", + "pf1=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kva=1000\n", + "kvar=kva*(1-pf1**2)**0.5\n", + "active_p=1307-output\n", + "reactive_p=loadm-kvar\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"active power shared by second machine=\",active_p,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"reactive power shared by second machine=\",reactive_p,\"kVAR\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "active power shared by second machine= 407 kW\n", + "reactive power shared by second machine= 271.110105646 kVAR\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.58, Page Number:1476" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "l1=500#kW\n", + "l2=1000#kW\n", + "pf1=0.9\n", + "l3=800#kW\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "l4=500#kW\n", + "pf3=0.9\n", + "output=1500#kW\n", + "pf=0.95\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kw1=l1\n", + "kw2=l2\n", + "kw3=l3\n", + "kw4=500\n", + "kvar2=kw2*0.436/pf1\n", + "kvar3=kw3*0.6/pf2\n", + "kvar4=kw4*0.436/pf3\n", + "kvar=output/pf\n", + "kw=kw1+kw2+kw3+kw4-output\n", + "kvar=kvar2+kvar3+kvar4-kvar\n", + "cosphi=math.cos(math.atan(kvar/kw))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kW output=\",kw\n", + "print \"pf=\",cosphi" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kW output= 1300\n", + "pf= 0.981685651341\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 264 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.59, Page Number:1476" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=complex(0.2,2)\n", + "ze=complex(3,4)\n", + "emf1=complex(2000,0)\n", + "emf2=complex(22000,100)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=complex(68.2,-102.5)\n", + "i2=complex(127,-196.4)\n", + "i=i1+i2\n", + "v=i*ze\n", + "pva1=v*i1\n", + "kw1=pva1.real*3\n", + "a11=math.atan(-i1.imag/i1.real)\n", + "a12=math.atan(-v.imag/v.real)\n", + "pf1=math.cos(a11-a12)\n", + "pva2=v*i2\n", + "kw2=pva2.real*3\n", + "a21=math.atan(-i2.imag/i2.real)\n", + "a22=math.atan(-v.imag/v.real)\n", + "pf2=math.cos(a21-a22)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kw output 1=\",kw1/1000\n", + "print \"pf 1=\",pf1\n", + "print \"kw output 2=\",kw2/1000\n", + "print \"pf 2=\",pf2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kw output 1= 328.79427\n", + "pf 1= 0.606839673468\n", + "kw output 2= 610.34892\n", + "pf 2= 0.596381892841\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 273 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.63, Page Number:1481" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5000#KVA\n", + "v=10000#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "ns=1500#rpm\n", + "j=1.5*10**4#khm2\n", + "ratio=5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t=0.0083*ns*(j/(load*ratio*f))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"natural time period of oscillation=\",round(t,3),\"s\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "natural time period of oscillation= 1.364 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 275 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.64, Page Number:1481" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10000#KVA\n", + "p=4\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "xs=25#%\n", + "pf=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ratio=100/xs\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "j=(pf/(0.0083*ns))**2*load*ratio*f\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"moment of inertia=\",j/1000,\"x10^4 kg-m2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "moment of inertia= 29.0317898098 x10^4 kg-m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 277 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.65, Page Number:1481" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#MVA\n", + "v=10.0#kV\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "ns=1500.0#rpm\n", + "j=2.0*10**5#kgm2\n", + "x=40.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=100.0/x\n", + "t=0.0083*ns*(j/(load*1000*ratio*f))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency of oscillation of the rotor=\",round(1/t,1),\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency of oscillation of the rotor= 0.2 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 283 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.66, Page Number:1483" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "z=complex(1,10)\n", + "emf=14#kV\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e=emf*1000/3**0.5\n", + "v=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "costheta=z.real/abs(z)\n", + "pmax=e*v*3/(z.imag*1000)\n", + "pmax_per_phase=(v/abs(z))*(e-(v/abs(z)))*3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"max output =\",pmax_per_phase/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "max output = 14125.5529273 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 285 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.67, Page Number:1484" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=11#kVA\n", + "load1=10#MW\n", + "z=complex(0.8,8.0)\n", + "v=14#kV\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pmax=(load*1000/3**0.5)*(v*1000/3**0.5)*3/z.imag\n", + "imax=((v*1000/3**0.5)**2+(load*1000/3**0.5)**2)**0.5/z.imag\n", + "pf=(v/3**0.5)*1000/((v*1000/3**0.5)**2+(load*1000/3**0.5)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum output=\",pmax/1000000,\"MW\"\n", + "print \"current=\",imax,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum output= 19.25 MW\n", + "current= 1284.92866209 A\n", + "pf= 0.786318338822\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 289 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_UKQHPIE.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_UKQHPIE.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..aebdac51 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_UKQHPIE.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1094 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:7d0991402755fd2e3c1083bccec70e0a43143da000e9a99e70877269e1fdc43a" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 31: Testing of DC Machines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.1, Page Number:1092" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "l=38.1#kg\n", + "d=63.53*0.01#cm\n", + "v=12#rps\n", + "i=49#A\n", + "V=220#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r=d/2\n", + "torque=l*r*9.81\n", + "power=torque*2*3.14*v\n", + "motor_input=i*V\n", + "efficiency=power*100/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output power=\",round(power),\"W\"\n", + "print \"Efficiency=\",round(efficiency),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output power= 8947.0 W\n", + "Efficiency= 83.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.2(a), Page Number:1093" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "spring_b1=10.0#kg\n", + "spring_b2=35.0#kg\n", + "d=40*0.01#m\n", + "v=950.0#rpm\n", + "V=200.0#V\n", + "i=30.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "F=(spring_b2-spring_b1)*9.81\n", + "N=v/60\n", + "R=d/2\n", + "tsh=F*R\n", + "omega=2*3.14*N\n", + "output=tsh*omega\n", + "motor_input=V*i\n", + "efficiency=output/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output power=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output power= 4877.205 W\n", + "efficiency= 81.28675 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.2(b), Page Number:1093" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "t1=2.9#kg\n", + "t2=0.17#kg\n", + "r=7*0.01#m\n", + "i=2.0#A\n", + "V=230.0#V\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "force=(t1-t2)*9.81\n", + "torque=force*r\n", + "output=torque*2*3.14*n/60\n", + "efficiency=output/(V*i)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",torque,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 1.874691 N-m\n", + "output 294.326487 W\n", + "efficiency 63.984018913 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.3, Page Number:1095" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=220.0#V\n", + "i=2.5#A\n", + "ra=0.8#ohm\n", + "rsh=200.0#ohm\n", + "I=20.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_noload=V*i\n", + "ish=V/rsh\n", + "ia0=i-ish\n", + "culoss=ia0**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_noload-culoss\n", + "ia=32-ish\n", + "cu_lossa=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_lossa+constant_loss\n", + "input_=V*I\n", + "output=input_-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=(output/input_)*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Efficiency= 70.1754545455 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.4, Page Number:1096" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=400.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "r=200.0#ohm\n", + "I=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_nl=V*i\n", + "ish=V/r\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss\n", + "Ia=I-ish\n", + "cu_lossa=Ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_lossa\n", + "input_nl1=V*I\n", + "output=input_nl1-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/input_nl\n", + "Eb1=V-(ia*ra)\n", + "Eb2=V-(Ia*ra)\n", + "change=math.fabs((Eb1-Eb2)/Eb1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*10,\"%\"\n", + "print \"percentage change in speed=\",change*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output= 16852.5 W\n", + "efficiency= 84.2625 %\n", + "percentage change in speed= 5.64617314931 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.5, Page Number:1096" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "I=Symbol('I')\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "p=44.76#kW\n", + "i=13.25#A\n", + "ish=2.55#A\n", + "ra=0.032#ohm\n", + "bd=2#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p_nl=v*i\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "bd_loss=2*ia\n", + "variable_loss=bd_loss+cu_loss\n", + "w=p_nl-variable_loss\n", + "ans=solve([v*(I+ish)-p*1000-w-2*I-ra*I**2],[I])\n", + "il=ans[0][0]+ish\n", + "pin=il*v\n", + "e=p*1000/pin\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Full load current=\",round(il),\"A\"\n", + "print \"Full load efficiency=\",round(e*100),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Full load current= 226.0 A\n", + "Full load efficiency= 90.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.6, Page Number:1097" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "I=Symbol('I')\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "o=17.158#kW\n", + "inpt=20.2#KW\n", + "rf=50.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.06#ohm\n", + "o2=7.46#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "loss1=inpt*1000.0-o*1000.0\n", + "ic=inpt*1000.0/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=ic-ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "const_loss=loss1-cu_loss\n", + "ans=solve([v*(I+ish)-o2*1000.0-(ra*I**2)-const_loss],[I])\n", + "il=ans[0][0]+ish\n", + "pin=il*v/1000.0\n", + "e=o2*1000*100/(pin*1000)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(e,1),\"%\"\n", + "print \"power input=\",round(il),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 74.1 %\n", + "power input= 50.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.7, Page Number:1097" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "I=Symbol('I')\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "p=14.92#kW\n", + "ia=6.5#A\n", + "ish=2.2#A\n", + "i=70.0#A\n", + "pd=3.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ic_nl=ia+ish\n", + "pi=v*ic_nl\n", + "cu_loss=v*ish\n", + "cu_lossa=ia**2*pd/i\n", + "const_loss=pi-cu_lossa\n", + "ans=solve([v*I+cu_loss-p*1000-const_loss-(pd/i)*I**2],[I])\n", + "ic=ans[0][0]+ish\n", + "pin=v*ic\n", + "e=p*1000*100/pin\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(e),\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 88.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.8, Page Number:1098" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=200*1000.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "i1=36.0#A\n", + "I1=12.0#A\n", + "v1=250.0#V\n", + "pd=6.0#V\n", + "i2=400.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#no load\n", + "ia=i1-I1\n", + "ra=pd/i2\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "input_nl=v*i1\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss\n", + "\n", + "#full load\n", + "output_i=p/v\n", + "ia=output_i+I1\n", + "cu_lossa=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_lossa+constant_loss\n", + "efficiency=p/(p+total_loss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency at full load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "\n", + "#half load\n", + "output_i=p/(2*v)\n", + "ia=output_i+I1\n", + "cu_lossa=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_lossa+constant_loss\n", + "efficiency=p/((p/2+total_loss)*2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency at half load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency at full load= 91.3736344667 %\n", + "efficiency at half load= 89.6559292335 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.9, Page Number:1098" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "p=14.92*1000#W\n", + "e=0.88\n", + "n=700.0#rpn\n", + "rsh=100.0#ohm\n", + "i=78.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_=0.8*p/e\n", + "total_loss=input_-0.8*p\n", + "input_i=input_/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=input_i-ish\n", + "ra=total_loss/(2*(ia**2))\n", + "Ia=i-ish\n", + "total_loss2=Ia**2*ra+total_loss/2\n", + "input__=v*i\n", + "efficiency=(input__-total_loss2)*100/input__\n", + "Eb1=v-(ia*ra)\n", + "Eb2=v-(Ia*ra)\n", + "n2=(n*Eb2)/Eb1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"r.p.m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 86.9450046554 %\n", + "speed= 678.443304738 r.p.m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 48 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.10(a), Page Number:1101" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "p=100*1000.0#W\n", + "i2=90.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=p/v\n", + "efficiency=math.sqrt(i1/(i1+i2))*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(efficiency,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 91.4 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.11, Page Number:1102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=15#A\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "motor_i=100#A\n", + "shunt_i1=3#A\n", + "shunt_i2=2.5#A\n", + "ra=0.05#ohm\n", + "cu_loss=500#W\n", + "cu_lossa=361#W\n", + "ia=85#A\n", + "#calculations\n", + "mech_core_stray_loss=0.5*((v*i)-(motor_i**2*ra)-(ia**2*ra))\n", + "cu_motor=v*shunt_i1\n", + "generator_motor=v*shunt_i2\n", + "total_loss=mech_core_stray_loss+cu_motor+generator_motor\n", + "input_=v*i+cu_motor\n", + "output=v*ia*10**(-3)\n", + "loss=cu_loss*10**(-3)+1.07+0.36\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"eficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "eficiency= 89.8045430534 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 52 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.12, Page Number:1103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=110#V\n", + "i=48#A\n", + "i1=3#a\n", + "i2=3.5#A\n", + "motor_i=230#A\n", + "ra=0.035#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#motor\n", + "cu_loss=motor_i**2*ra\n", + "brush_loss=motor_i*2\n", + "totalarm_culoss=cu_loss+brush_loss\n", + "shunt_cu=v*i1\n", + "total_cu_lossm=totalarm_culoss+shunt_cu\n", + "#generator\n", + "arm_i=233-i+i2\n", + "cu_loss=arm_i**2*ra\n", + "brush_loss=arm_i*2\n", + "totalarm_culoss=cu_loss+brush_loss\n", + "shunt_cu=v*i2\n", + "total_cu_lossg=totalarm_culoss+shunt_cu\n", + "#set\n", + "totalcu_loss=total_cu_lossm+total_cu_lossg\n", + "total_input=v*i\n", + "stray_loss=total_input-totalcu_loss\n", + "strayloss_per=stray_loss/2\n", + "#motor efficiency\n", + "input_=233*v\n", + "output=input_-(total_cu_lossm+strayloss_per)\n", + "e=output/input_*100\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",e,\"%\"\n", + "#generator efficiency\n", + "input_=110*185\n", + "output=input_-(total_cu_lossg+strayloss_per)\n", + "e=output/input_*100\n", + "100\n", + "print \"generator efficiency=\",e,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor efficiency= 88.4590884705 %\n", + "generator efficiency= 88.5893642506 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.13, Page Number:1103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable series\n", + "v=500.0#A\n", + "p=100*1000.0#w\n", + "auxiliary_i=30.0#A\n", + "output_i=200.0#A\n", + "i1=3.5#A\n", + "i2=1.8#A\n", + "ra=0.075#ohm\n", + "vdb=2.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motor_arm=output_i+auxiliary_i\n", + "motorarm_culoss=(motor_arm**2*ra)+(motor_arm*2)\n", + "motorfield_culoss=v*i2\n", + "generatorarm_culoss=(output_i**2*ra)+(output_i*2)\n", + "generatoefield_culoss=v*i1\n", + "total_culoss=motorarm_culoss+motorfield_culoss+generatorarm_culoss+generatoefield_culoss\n", + "power=v*auxiliary_i\n", + "stray_loss=power-total_culoss\n", + "permachine=stray_loss/2\n", + "total_loss=generatorarm_culoss+generatoefield_culoss+permachine\n", + "output=v*output_i\n", + "e=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 93.1001175389 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.14, Page Number:1104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "motor_i=400.0#A\n", + "i1=6.0#A\n", + "i2=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.015#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motora_culoss=motor_i**2*ra\n", + "generatora_culoss=(motor_i-i)**2*ra\n", + "power=v*i\n", + "stray_loss=power-(motora_culoss+generatora_culoss)\n", + "permachine=stray_loss/2\n", + "#motor\n", + "total_motor_loss=motora_culoss+(v*i2)+permachine\n", + "motor_input=(v*motor_i)+v*i2\n", + "motor_e=(motor_input-total_motor_loss)/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#generator\n", + "total_gen_loss=generatora_culoss+(v*i1)+permachine\n", + "gen_output=v*(motor_i-i)\n", + "gen_e=(gen_output-total_gen_loss)/gen_output\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",motor_e*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"generator efficiency\",gen_e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor efficiency= 92.3148148148 %\n", + "generator efficiency 91.4642857143 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 77 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.15, Page Number:1105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "ia=380.0#A\n", + "i1=5.0#A\n", + "i2=4.2#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motora_culoss=ia**2*ra\n", + "generatora_culoss=(ia-i)**2*ra\n", + "power=v*i\n", + "stray_loss=power-(motora_culoss+generatora_culoss)\n", + "permachine=stray_loss/2\n", + "#motor\n", + "total_motor_loss=motora_culoss+(v*i2)+permachine\n", + "motor_input=(v*ia)+v*i2\n", + "motor_e=(motor_input-total_motor_loss)/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#generator\n", + "total_gen_loss=generatora_culoss+(v*i1)+permachine\n", + "gen_output=v*(ia-i)\n", + "gen_e=(gen_output-total_gen_loss)/gen_output\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",motor_e*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"generator efficiency\",gen_e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor efficiency= 88.7038001041 %\n", + "generator efficiency 95.2121212121 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 81 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.16, Page Number:1107" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "v2=190.0#V\n", + "t=30#sec\n", + "t2=20#sec\n", + "i=20.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "avg_v=(v+v2)/2\n", + "avg_i=i/2\n", + "power=avg_v*avg_i\n", + "W=power*(t2/(t-t2))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Stray loss=\",W,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Stray loss= 4100.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 85 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.17, Page Number:1107" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabledeclaration\n", + "n1=1525.0#rpm\n", + "n2=1475.0#ohm\n", + "dt=25.0#sec\n", + "p=1000.0#W\n", + "t2=20.0#sec\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "N=(n1+n2)/2\n", + "w=p*(t2/(dt-t2))\n", + "dN=n1-n2\n", + "I=(w*dt)/((2*3.14/60)**2*N*dN)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Moment of Inertia=\",I,\"kg-m2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Moment of Inertia= 121.708791432 kg-m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.18, Page Number:1108" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "v2=225.0#V\n", + "dt=25.0#sec\n", + "t2=6.0#ohm\n", + "iavg=10.0#A\n", + "i2=25.0#A\n", + "v3=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "r=250.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "avg_v=(v+v2)/2\n", + "w_=avg_v*iavg\n", + "W=w_*(t2/(dt-t2))\n", + "ish=v3/r\n", + "ia=i2-ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "cu_shunt=v3*ia\n", + "total_loss=W+cu_loss+v3\n", + "e=((v*i2)-total_loss)/(v*i2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "734.210526316\n", + "efficiency= 79.7564912281 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.19, Page Number:1108" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "n1=1030#rpm\n", + "n2=970#rpm\n", + "t1=36#sec\n", + "t2=15#sec\n", + "t3=9#sec\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "v=219#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "W=v*i*(t2/(dt-t2))\n", + "dN=n1-n2\n", + "I=(W*t2)/((2*3.14/60)**2*n*dN)\n", + "Wm=W*t2/t1\n", + "iron_loss=W-Wm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)moment of inertia=\",I,\"kg.m2\"\n", + "print \"ii)iron loss=\",iron_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"iii)mechanical losses=\",Wm,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)moment of inertia= 74.9650087225 kg.m2\n", + "ii)iron loss= 1916.25 W\n", + "iii)mechanical losses= 1368.75 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 99 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.20, Page Number:1110" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "iam=56.0#A\n", + "vam=590.0#V\n", + "vdm=40.0#V\n", + "iag=44.0#A\n", + "vag=400.0#V\n", + "vdg=40.0#V\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_total=(vdm+vam)*iam\n", + "output=vag*iag\n", + "total_loss=input_total-output\n", + "rse=vdg/iam\n", + "cu_loss=((r+2*rse)*iam**2)+(iag**2*r)\n", + "strayloss=total_loss-cu_loss\n", + "permachine=strayloss/2\n", + "#motor\n", + "inputm=vam*iam\n", + "culossm=(r+rse)*iam**2\n", + "totallossm=culossm+permachine\n", + "output=inputm-totallossm\n", + "em=output*100/inputm\n", + "#generator\n", + "inputg=vag*iag\n", + "culossg=(r)*iag**2\n", + "totalloss=culossg+permachine+(vdm*iam)\n", + "output=vag*iag\n", + "eg=output*100/(output+totalloss)\n", + "\n", + "print \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",em,\"%\"\n", + "print \"generator efficiency=\",eg,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "motor efficiency= 72.6997578692 %\n", + "generator efficiency= 67.0220868241 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 115 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_ZbMx9hO.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_ZbMx9hO.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..feb75575 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_ZbMx9hO.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,5447 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:37afbdb95d83a409c42483f9400df0ec405aafcb3f017067345a44342a88aaf2" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 32: Transformer" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.1, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=250.0#V\n", + "v2=3000.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "phi=1.2#Wb-m2\n", + "e=8.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n1=v1/e\n", + "n2=v2/e\n", + "a=v2/(4.44*f*n2*phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary turns=\",n1\n", + "print \"secondary turns=\",n2\n", + "print \"area of core=\",round(a,2),\"m2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary turns= 31.25\n", + "secondary turns= 375.0\n", + "area of core= 0.03 m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.2, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100#KVA\n", + "v1=11000#V\n", + "v2=550#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "bm=1.3#Tesla\n", + "sf=0.9\n", + "per=10#%\n", + "a=20*20*sf/10000#m2\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "n1=v1/(4.44*f*bm*a)\n", + "n2=v2/(4.44*f*bm*a)\n", + "e_per_turn=v1/n1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV TURNS=\",round(n1)\n", + "print \"LV TURNS=\",round(n2)\n", + "print \"EMF per turns=\",round(e_per_turn,1),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV TURNS= 1059.0\n", + "LV TURNS= 53.0\n", + "EMF per turns= 10.4 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.3, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=400.0\n", + "n2=1000.0\n", + "a=60.0/10000.0#cm2\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "e1=520.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "e2=k*e1\n", + "bm=e1/(4.44*f*n1*a)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"peak value of flux density=\",bm,\"WB/m2\"\n", + "print \"voltage induced in the secondary winding=\",e2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "peak value of flux density= 0.975975975976 WB/m2\n", + "voltage induced in the secondary winding= 1300.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.4, Page Number:1124" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "n1=500.0\n", + "n2=50.0\n", + "v=3000.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "i1=load*1000/v\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "e1=v/n1\n", + "e2=e1*n2\n", + "phim=v/(4.44*f*n1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary and secondary currents=\",i1,\"A\", i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"secondary emf=\",e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"flux=\",phim*1000,\"mWB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary and secondary currents= 8.33333333333 A 83.3333333333 A\n", + "secondary emf= 300.0 V\n", + "flux= 27.027027027 mWB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.5, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v1=11000#V\n", + "v2=550#V\n", + "load=300#kVA\n", + "phim=0.05#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e=4.44*f*phim\n", + "e2=v2/1.732\n", + "t1=v1/e\n", + "t2=e2/e\n", + "output=load/3\n", + "HV=100*1000/v1\n", + "LV=100*1000/e2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV turns=\",t1\n", + "print \"LV turns=\",t2\n", + "print \"emf per turn=\",e2\n", + "print \"full load HV=\",HV\n", + "print \"full load LV=\",LV" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV turns= 990.990990991\n", + "LV turns= 28.6082849593\n", + "emf per turn= 317.551963048\n", + "full load HV= 9\n", + "full load LV= 314.909090909\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.6, Page Number:1124" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=500.0\n", + "n2=1200.0\n", + "a=80.0/10000.0#m2\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phim=n1/(4.44*f*n1)\n", + "bm=phim/a\n", + "v2=n2*v/n1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"peak flux-density=\",bm,\"Wb\"\n", + "print \"voltage induced in the secondary=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "peak flux-density= 0.563063063063 Wb\n", + "voltage induced in the secondary= 1200.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.7, Page Number:1125" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#varible declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "n1=250.0\n", + "n2=40.0\n", + "v=1500.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v2=n2*v/n1\n", + "i1=load*1000/v\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "phim=v/(4.44*f*n1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)primary current an secondary current=\",i1,\"A\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)seconary emf=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"iii)maximum flux=\",phim*1000,\"mWb\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)primary current an secondary current= 16.6666666667 A 104.166666667 A\n", + "ii)seconary emf= 240.0 V\n", + "iii)maximum flux= 27.027027027 mWb\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.8, Page Number:1125" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "a=20.0*20.0/10000#m2\n", + "phim=1.0#Wbm2\n", + "v1=3000.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t2=v2/(4.44*f*phim*a)\n", + "t1=t2*v1/v2\n", + "n1=t1/2\n", + "n2=t2/2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV turns=\",n1\n", + "print \"LV turns=\",n2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV turns= 168.918918919\n", + "LV turns= 12.3873873874\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.9, Page Number:1126" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "i1=0.6#A\n", + "p=400.0#W\n", + "v3=250.0#V\n", + "i0=0.5#A\n", + "pf=0.3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=p/v1\n", + "imu=(i1**2-il**2)**0.5\n", + "iw=i0*pf\n", + "imu2=(i0**2-iw**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"magnetising currents=\",imu,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iron loss current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"magnetising components of no load primary current=\",imu2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"working components of no-load primary current=\",iw,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "magnetising currents= 0.571788552492 A\n", + "iron loss current= 0.181818181818 A\n", + "magnetising components of no load primary current= 0.476969600708 A\n", + "working components of no-load primary current= 0.15 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.10, Page Number:1127" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=500.0\n", + "n2=40.0\n", + "l=150.0#cm\n", + "airgap=0.1#mm\n", + "e1=3000.0#V\n", + "phim=1.2#Wb/m2\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "d=7.8#grma/cm3\n", + "loss=2.0#watt/kg\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=e1/(4.44*f*n1*phim)\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "v2=k*e1\n", + "iron=l*5\n", + "air=phim*airgap/(1000*4*3.14*10**(-7))\n", + "bmax=iron+air\n", + "imu=bmax/(n1*2**0.5)\n", + "volume=l*a\n", + "im=volume*d*10\n", + "total_i=im*2\n", + "iw=total_i/(e1)\n", + "i0=(imu**2+iw**2)**0.5\n", + "pf=iw/i0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)cross sectional area=\",a*10000,\"cm2\"\n", + "print \"b)no load secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"c)no load current=\",imu,\"A\"\n", + "print \"d)power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)cross sectional area= 225.225225225 cm2\n", + "b)no load secondary voltage= 240.0 V\n", + "c)no load current= 1.19577611723 A\n", + "d)power factor= 0.145353269536\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.11, Page Number:1127" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=1000\n", + "n2=200\n", + "i=3#A\n", + "pf=0.2\n", + "i2=280#A\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi1=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "i2_=i2/5\n", + "phi2=math.acos(pf)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi2)\n", + "sinphi2=math.sin(math.acos(phi1))\n", + "i1=i*complex(pf,-sinphi)+i2_*complex(pf2,-sinphi2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",abs(i1),\"/_\",math.degrees(phi1),\"degrees\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= 64.4918252531 /_ 36.8698976458 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.12, Page Number:1130" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=440.0#v\n", + "v2=110.0#V\n", + "i0=5.0#A\n", + "pf=0.2\n", + "i2=120.0#A\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phi2=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "phi0=math.acos(pf)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2_=k*i2\n", + "angle=phi2-phi0\n", + "i1=(i0**2+i2_**2+(2*i0*i2_*math.cos(angle)))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current taken by the primary=\",i1,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current taken by the primary= 33.9022604184 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.13, Page Number:1130" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=800.0\n", + "n2=200.0\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "i1=25.0#A\n", + "pf2=0.707\n", + "i2=80.0#A\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "i2_=i2*k\n", + "phi2=math.acos(pf)\n", + "phi1=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "i0pf2=i1*pf2-i2_*pf\n", + "i0sinphi=i1*pf2-i2_*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "phi0=math.atan(i0sinphi/i0pf2)\n", + "i0=i0sinphi/math.sin(phi0)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no load current=\",i0,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no load current= 5.91703050525 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.14, Page Number:1131" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "pf=0.2\n", + "ratio=4\n", + "i2=200#A\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi0=math.acos(pf)\n", + "phil=math.acos(pf)\n", + "i0=complex(2,-9.8)\n", + "i2_=complex(42.5,-26.35)\n", + "i1=i0+i2_\n", + "phi=math.acos(i1.real/57.333)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",math.degrees(phi),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= (44.5-36.15j) A\n", + "power factor= 39.0890154959 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.15, Page Number:1136" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable decaration\n", + "load=30.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=120.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r1=0.1#ohm\n", + "x1=0.22#ohm\n", + "r2=0.034#ohm\n", + "x2=0.012#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "r02=r2+r1*k**2\n", + "x02=x2+x1*k**2\n", + "z02=(r02**2+x02**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"high voltage side:\"\n", + "print \"equivalent winding resistance=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"low voltage side:\"\n", + "print \"equivalent winding resistance=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z02,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "high voltage side:\n", + "equivalent winding resistance= 13.7 ohm\n", + "reactance= 5.02 ohm\n", + "impedence= 14.5907642021 ohm\n", + "low voltage side:\n", + "equivalent winding resistance= 0.03425 ohm\n", + "reactance= 0.01255 ohm\n", + "impedence= 0.0364769105051 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.16, Page Number:1136" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=50.0#KVA\n", + "v1=4400.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "r1=3.45#ohm\n", + "r2=0.009#ohm\n", + "x1=5.2#ohm\n", + "x2=0.015#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "r02=r2+k**2*r1\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "x02=x2+x1*k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "z02=(r02**2+x02**2)**0.5\n", + "cu_loss=i1**2*r01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)resistance=\"\n", + "print \"primary=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"secondary=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"iii)reactance=\"\n", + "print \"primary=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"secondary=\",x02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"iv)impedence=\"\n", + "print \"primary=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"secondary=\",z02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"v)copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance=\n", + "primary= 7.05 ohm\n", + "secondary= 0.017625 ohm\n", + "reactance=\n", + "primary= 11.2 ohm\n", + "secondary= 0.028 ohm\n", + "impedence=\n", + "primary= 13.2341414531 ohm\n", + "secondary= 0.0330853536327 ohm\n", + "copper loss= 910.382231405 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 68 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.17, Page Number:1137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=10.0\n", + "load=50.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i2=load*1000/v\n", + "z2=v/(i2)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "z2_=z2/k**2\n", + "i2_=k*i2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)load impedence=\",z2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"b)impedence referred to high tension side=\",z2_,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"c)the value of current referred to the high tension side=\",i2_,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)load impedence= 1.152 ohm\n", + "b)impedence referred to high tension side= 115.2 ohm\n", + "c)the value of current referred to the high tension side= 20.8333333333 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 70 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.18, Page Number:1137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "v1=11000.0#V\n", + "v2=317.0#V\n", + "load2=0.62#kW\n", + "lvload=0.48#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v1/v2\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "r1=load2*1000/i**2\n", + "r2=lvload*1000/i2**2\n", + "r2_=r2*k**2\n", + "x01=4*v1/(i1*100)\n", + "x2_=x01*r2_/(r1+r2_)\n", + "x1=x01-x2_\n", + "x2=x2_*10/k**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)r1=\",r1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r2=\",r2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r2_=\",r2_,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ii)reactance=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x1=\",x1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x2=\",x2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x2_=\",x2_,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)r1= 7.502 ohm\n", + "r2= 0.004823472 ohm\n", + "r2_= 5.808 ohm\n", + "ii)reactance= 48.4 ohm\n", + "x1= 27.28 ohm\n", + "x2= 0.175398981818 ohm\n", + "x2_= 21.12 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 76 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.19, Page Number:1137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declarations\n", + "k=19.5\n", + "r1=25.0#ohm\n", + "x1=100.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.06#ohm\n", + "x2=0.25#ohm\n", + "i=1.25#A\n", + "angle=30#degrees\n", + "i2=200#A\n", + "v=50#V\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v2=complex(500,0)\n", + "i2=i2*complex(0.8,-0.6)\n", + "z2=complex(r2,x2)\n", + "e2=v2+i2*z2\n", + "beta=math.atan(e2.imag/e2.real)\n", + "e1=e2*k\n", + "i2_=i2/k\n", + "angle=beta+math.radians(90)+math.radians(angle)\n", + "i0=i*complex(math.cos(angle),math.sin(angle))\n", + "i1=-i2_+i0\n", + "v2=-e1+i1*complex(r1,x1)\n", + "phi=math.atan(v2.imag/v2.real)-math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "power=abs(v2)*i*math.cos(math.radians(60))\n", + "r02=r2+r1/k**2\n", + "cu_loss=abs(i2)**2*r02\n", + "output=500*abs(i2)*pf2\n", + "loss=cu_loss+power\n", + "inpt=output+loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/inpt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary applied voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"primary pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary applied voltage= (-11464.2126901-1349.15424294j) V\n", + "primary pf= 0.698572087114\n", + "efficiency= 86.7261056254 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 94 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.20, Page Number:1138" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable description\n", + "load=100#KVA\n", + "v1=1100#V\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "zh=complex(0.1,0.4)\n", + "zl=complex(0.006,0.015)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v1/v2\n", + "#HV \n", + "r1=zh.real+zl.real*k**2\n", + "x1=zh.imag+zl.imag*k**2\n", + "z1=(r1**2+x1**2)**0.5\n", + "#LV\n", + "r2=r1/k**2\n", + "x2=x1/k**2\n", + "z2=z1/k**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV:\"\n", + "print \"resistance=\",r1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"LV:\"\n", + "print \"resistance=\",r2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z2,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV:\n", + "resistance= 0.25 ohm\n", + "reactance= 0.775 ohm\n", + "impedence= 0.814324873745 ohm\n", + "LV:\n", + "resistance= 0.01 ohm\n", + "reactance= 0.031 ohm\n", + "impedence= 0.0325729949498 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 96 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.21, Page Number:1141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=230#V\n", + "v2=460#V\n", + "r1=0.2#ohm\n", + "x1=0.5#ohm\n", + "r2=0.75#ohm\n", + "x2=1.8#ohm\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=r2+k**2*r1\n", + "x02=x2+k**2*x1\n", + "vd=i*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "vt2=v2-vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary terminal voltage=\",vt2,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary terminal voltage= 424.8 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.22, Page Number:1141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=1.0#%\n", + "x=5.0#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "mu=r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "mu2=r**2+x*0\n", + "mu3=r*pf-x*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=0.8 lag:\",mu,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=1:\",mu2,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=0.8 lead:\",mu3,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation at pf=0.8 lag: 3.8 %\n", + "regulation at pf=1: 1.0 %\n", + "regulation at pf=0.8 lead: -2.2 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 98 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.23, Page Number:1141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=5#%\n", + "r=2.5#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phi=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "cosphi=math.cos(phi)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "regn=r*cosphi+x*sinphi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",cosphi" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 5.59016994375 %\n", + "pf= 0.4472135955\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 100 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.24, Page Number:1142" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=2.5#%\n", + "x=5#%\n", + "load1=500#KVA\n", + "load2=400#KVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kw=load2*pf\n", + "kvar=load2*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "drop=(r*kw/load1)+(x*kvar/load1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage voltage drop=\",drop,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage voltage drop= 4.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 102 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.25, Page Number:1144" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=2300.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "r1=0.286#ohm\n", + "r2_=0.319#ohm\n", + "ro=250.0#ohm\n", + "x1=0.73#ohm\n", + "x2_=0.73#ohm\n", + "xo=1250.0#ohm\n", + "z1=complex(r1,x1)\n", + "z2_=complex(r2_,x2_)\n", + "zl=complex(0.387,0.29)\n", + "ym=complex(0.004,-0.0008)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "zl_=zl/(k**2)\n", + "zm=1/ym\n", + "x=zm+zl_+z2_\n", + "i1=v1/(z1+(zm*(z2_+zl_))/(zm+z2_+zl_))\n", + "i2_=i1*zm/(zm+z2_+zl_)\n", + "io=i1*(z2_+zl_)/(zm+z2_+zl_)\n", + "pf=i1.real/abs(i1)\n", + "pi=v1*abs(i1)*pf/1000\n", + "po=abs(i2_)**2*zl_.real/1000\n", + "cu_loss=abs(i1)**2*r1\n", + "cu_loss2=abs(i2_)**2*r2_\n", + "core_loss=io.real**2*240\n", + "e=po*100/pi\n", + "v2_=i2_*zl_\n", + "reg=(v1-v2_.real)*100/v2_.real\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Power input=\",round(pi.real,1),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"Power output=\",round(po,1),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"Primary Cu loss=\",round(cu_loss),\"W\"\n", + "print \"Secondary Cu loss=\",round(cu_loss2),\"W\"\n", + "print \"Efficiency=\",round(e.real,2),\"%\"\n", + "print \"Regulation=\",round(reg.real),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power input= 104.6 kW\n", + "Power output= 82.5 kW\n", + "Primary Cu loss= 854.0 W\n", + "Secondary Cu loss= 680.0 W\n", + "Efficiency= 78.91 %\n", + "Regulation= 3.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.26, Page Number:1145" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=600#V\n", + "v2=1080#V\n", + "v=720#V\n", + "load=8#W\n", + "load2=10#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ir2=load*1000/v2\n", + "il2=load*1000/v\n", + "ir2_=ir2*v2/v1\n", + "il2_=il2*v/v1\n", + "ir2=math.sqrt(ir2_**2+il2_**2)\n", + "s=complex(load,load2)\n", + "s=abs(s)\n", + "pf=load/s\n", + "i=s*load2*100/v1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= 21.3437474581 A\n", + "power factor= 0.624695047554\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 103 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.27, Page Number:1046" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "v1=110#V\n", + "i=0.5#A\n", + "p=30#W\n", + "r=0.6#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=v/v1\n", + "pf=p/(i*v)\n", + "sinphi=math.sqrt(1-pf**2)\n", + "ip=i*sinphi\n", + "iw=i*pf\n", + "cu_loss=i**2*r\n", + "iron_loss=p-cu_loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)turns ratio=\",ratio\n", + "print \"ii)magnetising component of no-load current=\",ip,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iii)working component of no-load current=\",iw,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iv)the iron loss=\",iron_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)turns ratio= 2\n", + "ii)magnetising component of no-load current= 0.481045692921 A\n", + "iii)working component of no-load current= 0.136363636364 A\n", + "iv)the iron loss= 29.85 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 104 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.28, Page Number:1047" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=1000.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vo=2000.0#V\n", + "io=1.2#A\n", + "po=90.0#W\n", + "vs=50.0#V\n", + "i_s=5.0#A\n", + "ps=110.0#W\n", + "p=3.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r0=v**2/po\n", + "ia0=v/r0\n", + "ip=math.sqrt(io**2-ia0**2)\n", + "xm=v/ip\n", + "z=vs/i_s\n", + "r=ps/25\n", + "x=math.sqrt(z**2-r**2)\n", + "r1=r*(v1/v2)**2\n", + "x1=x*(v1/v2)**2\n", + "i_lv1=load*1000/v\n", + "i_lv=(p*1000/pf)/v\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "reg=i_lv*(r1*pf+x1*sinphi)/v\n", + "vt=v2-reg*1000/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"LV crrent at rated load=\",i_lv1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"LV current at 3kW at 0.8 lagging pf\",i_lv,\"A\"\n", + "print \"output secondary voltage=\",vt,\"V\"\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",reg*100,\"%\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "LV crrent at rated load= 25.0 A\n", + "LV current at 3kW at 0.8 lagging pf 18.75 A\n", + "output secondary voltage= 999.832975251 V\n", + "percentage regulation= 3.34049498886 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 105 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.29, Page Number:1048" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=Symbol('A')\n", + "B=Symbol('B')\n", + "loss1=52.0#W\n", + "f1=40.0#Hz\n", + "loss2=90.0#W\n", + "f2=60.0#Hz\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ans=solve([(loss1/f1)-(A+f1*B),(loss2/f2)-(A+f2*B)],[A,B])\n", + "wh=ans[A]*f\n", + "we=ans[B]*f**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"hysteresis=\",round(wh),\"W\"\n", + "print \"eddy current=\",round(we),\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "hysteresis= 45.0 W\n", + "eddy current= 25.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 107 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.30, Page Number:1048" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=Symbol('A')\n", + "B=Symbol('B')\n", + "m=10#kg\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "f1=25.0\n", + "f2=40.0\n", + "f3=50.0\n", + "f4=60.0\n", + "f5=80.0\n", + "l1=18.5/f1\n", + "l2=36.0/f2\n", + "l3=50.0/f3\n", + "l4=66.0/f4\n", + "l5=104.0/f5\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ans=solve([l1/f1-(A+f1*B),l2/f2-(A+f2*B)],[A,B])\n", + "eddy_loss_per_kg=ans[B]*f**2/m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz=\",eddy_loss_per_kg,\"W\"\n", + "\n", + "#plot\n", + "F=[f1,f2,f3,f4,f5]\n", + "L=[l1,l2,l3,l4,l5]\n", + "plt.plot(F,L)\n", + "plt.xlabel(\"f -->\") \n", + "plt.ylabel(\"Wi/f\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,100))\n", + "plt.ylim((0.74,2))\n", + "plt.show()\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz= -0.118333333333333 W\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYcAAAEPCAYAAACp/QjLAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nTvrvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n", + "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fb9d458da10>" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.31, Page Number:1148" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=Symbol('A')\n", + "B=Symbol('B')\n", + "v1=440#V\n", + "f1=50#Hz\n", + "p1=2500#W\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "f2=25#Hz\n", + "p2=850#z\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ans=solve([(p1/f1)-(A+f1*B),(p2/f2)-(A+f2*B)],[A,B])\n", + "wh=ans[A]*f\n", + "we=ans[B]*f**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"hysteresis=\",round(wh),\"W\"\n", + "print \"eddy current=\",round(we),\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "hysteresis= 900.0 W\n", + "eddy current= 1600.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.32, Page Number:1149" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "f1=50.0#Hz\n", + "core=1000.0#W\n", + "wh=650.0#W\n", + "we=350.0#W\n", + "v2=2000.0#V\n", + "f2=100.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=wh/f1\n", + "b=we/f1**2\n", + "wh=a*f2\n", + "we=b*f2**2\n", + "new_core=wh+we\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new core loss=\",new_core,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " new core loss= 2700.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 111 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.33, Page Number:1149" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "phi=1.4#Wb/m2\n", + "we=1000.0#W\n", + "wh=3000.0#W\n", + "per=10.0#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "wh1=wh*1.1**1.6\n", + "we1=we*1.1**2\n", + "wh2=wh*0.9**(-0.6)\n", + "wh3=wh*1.1**1.6*1.1**(-0.6)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)wh and we when applied voltage is increased by 10%=\",wh1,\"W\",\"and\",we1,\"W\"\n", + "print \"b)wh when frequency is reduced by 10%=\",wh2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"c)wh and we when both voltage and frequency are increased y 10%=\",wh3,\"W\",\"and\",we1,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)wh and we when applied voltage is increased by 10%= 3494.21441464 W and 1210.0 W\n", + "b)wh when frequency is reduced by 10%= 3195.77171838 W\n", + "c)wh and we when both voltage and frequency are increased y 10%= 3300.0 W and 1210.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 119 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.34, Page Number:1150" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2200.0#V\n", + "f=40.0#Hz\n", + "loss=800.0#W\n", + "wh=600.0#W\n", + "we=loss-wh\n", + "v2=3300.0#V\n", + "f2=60.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "a=wh/f\n", + "b=we/f**2\n", + "core_loss=a*f2+b*f2**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"core loss at 60 Hz=\",core_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "core loss at 60 Hz= 1350.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 122 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.35, Page Number:1151" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=30.0#KvA\n", + "v1=6000.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "r1=10.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.016#ohm\n", + "x01=34.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "vsc=i1*z01\n", + "pf=r01/z01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary voltage=\",vsc,\"V\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary voltage= 199.519931911 V\n", + "pf= 0.523468222173\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 124 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.36, Page Number:1152" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vo=200.0#V\n", + "io=0.7#A\n", + "po=70.0#W\n", + "vs=15.0#v\n", + "i_s=10.0#A\n", + "ps=85.0#W\n", + "load=5.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cosphi0=po/(vo*io)\n", + "sinphi0=math.sin(math.acos(cosphi0))\n", + "iw=io*cosphi0\n", + "imu=io*sinphi0\n", + "r0=v1/iw\n", + "x0=v1/imu\n", + "z02=vs/i_s\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "z01=z02/k**2\n", + "r02=ps/i_s**2\n", + "r01=r02/k**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "output=load/pf\n", + "i2=output*1000/v2\n", + "x02=(z02**2-r02**2)**0.5\n", + "drop=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-drop\n", + "print z02\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1.5\n", + "secondary voltage= 377.788243349 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 130 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.37, Page Number:1152" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "k=1.0/6\n", + "r1=0.9#ohm\n", + "x1=5.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.03#ohm\n", + "x2=0.13#ohm\n", + "vsc=330.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=vsc/z01\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "cosphisc=i1**2*r01/(vsc*i1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current in low voltage winding=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",round(cosphisc,1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current in low voltage winding= 200.396236149 A\n", + "pf= 0.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 132 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.38, Page Number:1153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r1=0.2#ohm\n", + "x1=0.4#ohm\n", + "r2=0.5#ohm\n", + "x2=0.1#ohm\n", + "r0=1500.0#ohm\n", + "x0=750.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "imu=v1/x0\n", + "iw=v1/r0\n", + "i0=(iw**2+imu**2)**0.5\n", + "pi=v1*iw\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "vsc=i1*z01\n", + "power=i1**2*r01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"reading of instruments=\",vsc,\"V,\",i1,\"A,\",power,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "reading of instruments= 46.8187996429 V, 20.0 A, 880.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 140 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.39, Page Number:1153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=Symbol('x')\n", + "y=Symbol('y')\n", + "load=1000#kVA\n", + "v1=110#V\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "per1=98.5#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "per2=98.8#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculaions\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "inpt=output*100/per2\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "inpt_half=(load/2)*pf*100/per1\n", + "loss2=inpt_half-400\n", + "ans=solve([x+y-loss,(x/4)+y-loss2],[x,y])\n", + "kva=load*(ans[y]/ans[x])*0.5\n", + "output=kva*1\n", + "cu_loss=ans[y]\n", + "total_loss=2*cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"maximum efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load copper loss= 4.07324441521606 kW\n", + "maximum efficiency= 0.968720013059872 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 148 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.40, Page Number:1154" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=200.0#v\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "r01=0.15#ohm\n", + "x01=0.37#ohm\n", + "r0=600.0#ohm\n", + "x0=300.0#ohm\n", + "i2=10.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "imu=v1/x0\n", + "iw=v1/r0\n", + "i0=(imu**2+iw**2)**0.5\n", + "tantheta=iw/imu\n", + "theta=math.atan(tantheta)\n", + "theta0=math.radians(90)-theta\n", + "angle=theta0-math.acos(pf)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2_=i2*k\n", + "i1=(i0**2+i2_**2+2*i0*i2_*math.cos(angle))**0.5\n", + "r02=k**2*r01\n", + "x02=x01*k**2\n", + "vd=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)secondary terminal voltage=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)primary current= 20.6693546639 A\n", + "ii)secondary terminal voltage= 386.32 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 149 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.43, Page Number:1158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "n1=400.0\n", + "n2=80.0\n", + "r1=0.3#ohm\n", + "r2=0.01#ohm\n", + "x1=1.1#ohm\n", + "x2=0.035#ohm\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=complex(r01,x01)\n", + "z02=k**2*z01\n", + "v2=k*v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "vd=i2*(z02.real*pf-z02.imag*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "regn=vd*100/v2\n", + "v2=v2-vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)equivalent impedence=\",z02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ii)voltage regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"secondary terminal voltage=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)equivalent impedence= (0.022+0.079j) ohm\n", + "ii)voltage regulation= -1.53925619835 %\n", + "secondary terminal voltage= 446.772727273 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.44, Page Number:1158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "va=450.0#V\n", + "vb=120.0#V\n", + "v1=120.0#V\n", + "i1=4.2#A\n", + "w1=80.0#W\n", + "v2=9.65#V\n", + "i2=22.2#A\n", + "w2=120.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=vb/va\n", + "i0=i1*k\n", + "cosphi0=w1/(va*i0)\n", + "phi0=math.acos(cosphi0)\n", + "sinphi0=math.sin(phi0)\n", + "iw=i0*cosphi0\n", + "imu=i0*sinphi0\n", + "r0=va/iw\n", + "x0=va/imu\n", + "z01=v2/i2\n", + "r01=vb/i2**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/va\n", + "drop=i1*(r01*pf+x01*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "regn=drop*100/va\n", + "loss=w1+w2\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss)\n", + "iron_loss=w1\n", + "cu_loss=(0.5**2)*w2\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=load*1000*pf/2\n", + "efficiency2=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)equivalent circuit constants=\"\n", + "print \"z01=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x01=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r01=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ii)efficiency and voltage regulation at pf=0.8=\",efficiency*100,\"%\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)efficiency at half load and pf=0.8=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)equivalent circuit constants=\n", + "z01= 0.434684684685 ohm\n", + "x01= 0.360090249002 ohm\n", + "r01= 0.243486729973 ohm\n", + "ii)efficiency and voltage regulation at pf=0.8= 97.5609756098 % 2.02885695496 %\n", + "iii)efficiency at half load and pf=0.8= 97.3236009732 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 162 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.45, Page Number:1159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#kVA\n", + "va=2200.0#V\n", + "vb=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=220.0#V\n", + "i1=4.2#A\n", + "w1=148.0#W\n", + "v2=86.0#V\n", + "i2=10.5#A\n", + "w2=360.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z01=v2/i2\n", + "r01=w2/i2**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/va\n", + "drop=i1*(r01*pf+x01*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "regn=drop*100/va\n", + "pf=r01/z01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",round(pf,1),\"lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 2.94177963326 %\n", + "pf= 0.4 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 172 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.46, Page Number:1159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2000.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "v=60.0#V\n", + "i=4.0#A\n", + "w=100.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v_=400.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z01=v/i\n", + "r01=w/i**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "vd=i1*(r01*pf+x01*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage applied to hv side=\",v1+vd,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage applied to hv side= 2065.90767043 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 182 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.47, Page Number:1159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=250.0#V\n", + "v2=500.0#V\n", + "vs=20.0#V\n", + "i_s=12.0#A\n", + "ws=100.0#W\n", + "vo=250.0#V\n", + "io=1.0#A\n", + "wo=80.0#W\n", + "i2=10#A\n", + "v2=500#V\n", + "pg=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "cosphi0=wo/(vo*io)\n", + "iw=io*cosphi0\n", + "imu=(1-iw**2)**0.5\n", + "r0=v1/iw\n", + "x0=v1/imu\n", + "r02=ws/i_s**2\n", + "z02=vs/i_s\n", + "x02=(z02**2-r02**2)**0.5\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r02/k**2\n", + "x01=x02/k**2\n", + "z01=z02/k**2\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*r02\n", + "iron_loss=wo\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=i2*v2*pf/(i2*v2*pf+total_loss)\n", + "v1_=((vo*pf+x01)**2+(vo*math.sin(math.acos(pf))+i1*x01)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"applied voltage=\",v1_,\"V\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "applied voltage= 251.442641983 V\n", + "efficiency= 96.3984469139 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 190 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.48, Page Number:1160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=230.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "load=3.0#kVA\n", + "vo=230.0#V\n", + "io=2.0#A\n", + "wo=100.0#W\n", + "vs=15.0#V\n", + "i_s=13.0#A\n", + "ws=120.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v1\n", + "cu_loss=ws\n", + "core_loss=wo\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss+core_loss)\n", + "z=vs/i_s\n", + "r=ws/(vs**2)\n", + "x=(z**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=i*(r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))*100/v1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 5.90121149256 %\n", + "efficiency= 91.6030534351 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 194 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.49, Page Number:1161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "efficiency=0.94\n", + "per=0.90\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=per*load*1000\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "core_loss=loss/2\n", + "pc=core_loss/per**2\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "cu_loss=pc\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+cu_loss+core_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 92.5728354534 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 196 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.50, Page Number:1161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=2300.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "r1=3.96#ohm\n", + "r2=0.0396#ohm\n", + "x1=15.8#ohm\n", + "x2=0.158#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "r=r2+r1*(v2/v1)**2\n", + "x=x1*(v2/v1)**2+x2\n", + "v1_=v2+i*(r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v1=v1_*(v1/v2)\n", + "phi=math.atan(r/x)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)HV side voltage necessary=\",v1,\"V\"\n", + "print \"b)pf=\",round(pf,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)HV side voltage necessary= 2409.9826087 V\n", + "b)pf= 0.97\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 199 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.51, Page Number:1162" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#v\n", + "r1=3.4#ohm\n", + "x1=7.2#ohm\n", + "r2=0.028#ohm\n", + "x2=0.060#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v2\n", + "r=r1*(v2/v1)**2+r2\n", + "x=x1*(v2/v1)**2+x2\n", + "ad=i*r*pf\n", + "dc=i*x*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "oc=v2+ad+dc\n", + "bd=i*r*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "b_f=x*pf\n", + "cf=b_f-bd\n", + "v1_=(oc**2+cf**2)**0.5\n", + "v1=v1_*(v1/v2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage on hv side=\",v1,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage on hv side= 2229.28500444 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 200 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.52, Page Number:1163" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=4.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "i1=0.7#A\n", + "w1=65.0#W\n", + "v=15.0#V\n", + "i2=10.0#A\n", + "w2=75.0#W\n", + "pf=0.80\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=load*1000/v1\n", + "ih=load*1000/v2\n", + "cu_loss=w2\n", + "constant_loss=w1\n", + "z=v/i2\n", + "r=w2/i2**2\n", + "x=(z**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "efficiency=load*100000/(load*1000+cu_loss+constant_loss)\n", + "regn=i2*(r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full load regulation=\",regn,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load efficiency= 96.6183574879 %\n", + "full load regulation= 13.7942286341 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 209 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.53, Page Number:1164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=3300.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "load=50.0#kVA\n", + "z=4\n", + "cu_loss=1.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "x=(z**2-cu_loss**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "r01=cu_loss*v1/(100*i1)\n", + "x01=x*v1/(100*i1)\n", + "z01=z*v1/(100*i1)\n", + "isc=i1*100/z\n", + "print \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"%x=\",x,\"%\"\n", + "print \"resistance=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"primary sc current=\",isc,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "%x= 3.5721142199 %\n", + "resistance= 3.9204 ohm\n", + "reactance= 7.78006477094 ohm\n", + "impedence= 8.712 ohm\n", + "primary sc current= 378.787878788 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 214 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.54, Page Number:1164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vo=220.0#V\n", + "i_o=4.2#A\n", + "wo=148.0#W\n", + "vs=86.0#V\n", + "i_s=10.5#A\n", + "ws=360.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=ws/i_s**2\n", + "r02=k**2*r01\n", + "z10=vs/i_s\n", + "x01=(z10**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "x02=k**2*x01\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "v1_=((v1*pf+i1*r01)**2+(v1*math.sin(math.acos(pf))+i1*x01)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn1=(v1_-v1)/v1\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "core_loss=wo\n", + "cu_loss=i1**2*r01\n", + "cu_loss_half=(i1/2)**2*r01\n", + "efficiency=load*1000*pf*100/(load*1000*pf+core_loss+cu_loss)\n", + "efficiency_half=(load/2)*1000*pf*100/((load/2)*1000*pf+core_loss+cu_loss)\n", + "print v1_ \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)core loss=\",wo,\"W\"\n", + "print \"b)equivalent resistance primary=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"c)equivalent resistance secondary=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"d)equivalent reactance primary=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"e)equivalent reactance secondary=\",x02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"f)regulation=\",regn1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"g)efficiency at full load=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"h)efficiency at half load=\",efficiency_half,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "2265.01840886\n", + "a)core loss= 148.0 W\n", + "b)equivalent resistance primary= 3.26530612245 ohm\n", + "c)equivalent resistance secondary= 0.0326530612245 ohm\n", + "d)equivalent reactance primary= 7.51143635755 ohm\n", + "e)equivalent reactance secondary= 0.0751143635755 ohm\n", + "f)regulation= 2.95538222101 %\n", + "g)efficiency at full load= 97.4548448466 %\n", + "h)efficiency at half load= 95.0360304208 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 222 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.55, Page Number:1165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "er=1.0/100\n", + "ex=5.0/100\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "regn=er*pf+ex*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "regn2=er*1\n", + "regn3=er*pf-ex*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)regulation with pf=0.8 lag=\",regn*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)regulation with pf=1=\",regn2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)regulation with pf=0.8 lead=\",regn3*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)regulation with pf=0.8 lag= 3.8 %\n", + "ii)regulation with pf=1= 1.0 %\n", + "iii)regulation with pf=0.8 lead= -2.2 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 223 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.56, Page Number:1165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=500#kVA\n", + "v1=3300#V\n", + "v2=500#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "per=0.97\n", + "ratio=3.0/4\n", + "zper=0.10\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=load*ratio*1\n", + "x=0.75\n", + "pi=0.5*(output*(1/per-1))\n", + "pc=pi/x**2\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "r=pc*1000/i1**2\n", + "er=i1*r/v1\n", + "ez=zper\n", + "ex=(ez**2-er**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=er*pf+ex*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 7.52529846012 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 225 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.57, Page Number:1166" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "cu_loss=1.5#%\n", + "xdrop=3.5#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "pur=cu_loss/100\n", + "pux=xdrop/100\n", + "regn2=pur*pf+pux*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "regn1=pur*1\n", + "regn3=pur*pf-pux*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)regulation at unity pf=\",regn1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)regulation at 0.8 lag=\",regn2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)regulation at 0.8 lead=\",regn3*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)regulation at unity pf= 1.5 %\n", + "ii)regulation at 0.8 lag= 3.3 %\n", + "iii)regulation at 0.8 lead= -0.9 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 226 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.58, Page Number:1168" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=250#KVA\n", + "w1=5.0#kW\n", + "w2=7.5#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.75\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "total_loss=w1+w2\n", + "loss=total_loss/2\n", + "cu_loss=efficiency**2*w2/2\n", + "output=load*efficiency*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss+2.5)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.0186963113 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 229 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.59, Page Number:1170" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2000.0#V\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "w1=350.0#W\n", + "w2=400.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "total_loss=w1+w2\n", + "output=load*1000*1\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "cu_loss=w2*(0.5)**2\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+w1\n", + "efficiency2=(load*1000/2)/((load*1000/2)+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)efficiency at full load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)efficiency at half load=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)efficiency at full load= 97.0873786408 %\n", + "ii)efficiency at half load= 96.5250965251 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 232 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.60, Page Number:1170" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=0.75\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=efficiency**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of P1 and P2=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of P1 and P2= 0.5625\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 233 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.61, Page Number:1170" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11000.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "load1=150.0#KVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "loss=1.4#kW\n", + "cu_loss=1.6#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "load=load1*(cu_loss/loss)**0.5\n", + "total_loss=loss*2\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "cu_loss=cu_loss*(0.5)**2\n", + "total_loss=total_loss+cu_loss\n", + "output2=(load/2)*pf\n", + "efficiency2=output2/(output2+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)kVA load for max efficiency=\",load1,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"max efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)efficiency at half load=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)kVA load for max efficiency= 150.0 kVA\n", + "max efficiency= 98.283858876 %\n", + "ii)efficiency at half load= 95.2481856352 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 237 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.62, Page Number:1171" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5#kVA\n", + "v1=2300#V\n", + "v2=230#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "iron_loss=40#W\n", + "cu_loss=112#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "#calculations\n", + "def e(k):\n", + " e=k*pf*1000*100/(k*pf*1000+(cu_loss*(k/5)**2+40))\n", + " return(e)\n", + "\n", + "e1=e(1.25)\n", + "e2=e(2.5)\n", + "e3=e(3.75)\n", + "e4=e(5.0)\n", + "e5=e(6.25)\n", + "e6=e(7.5)\n", + "\n", + "K=[1.25,2.5,3.75,5.0,6.25,7.5]\n", + "E=[e1,e2,e3,e4,e5,e6]\n", + "plt.plot(K,E)\n", + "plt.xlabel(\"load,kVA\") \n", + "plt.ylabel(\"Efficiency\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,8))\n", + "plt.ylim((92,98))\n", + "plt.show()\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAX4AAAEPCAYAAABFpK+YAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\n", + "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fb9d458d610>" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.63, Page Number:1171" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=200.0#kVA\n", + "efficiency=0.98\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*pf\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "x=loss*1000/(1+9.0/16)\n", + "y=(9.0/16)*x\n", + "cu_loss=x*(1.0/2)**2\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+y\n", + "output=load*pf*0.5\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss/1000)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency at hald load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency at hald load= 97.9216626699 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.64, Page Number:1172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "r1=1.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.01#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "loss=0.80\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=r2+k**2*r1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*r02\n", + "iron_loss=loss*cu_loss\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+iron_loss\n", + "output=load*pf*1000\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary resistance=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary resistance= 0.02 ohm\n", + "efficiency= 97.7284199899 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.65, Page Number:1172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=4.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "r01=0.5#ohm\n", + "x01=1.5#ohm\n", + "ratio=3.0/4\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "loss=100.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=k**2*r01\n", + "x02=k**2*x01\n", + "i2=1000*load*ratio/v2\n", + "drop=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-drop\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*r02\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=load*ratio*pf\n", + "inpt=output*1000+total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*1000/(inpt)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output=\",output,\"w\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output= 2.4 w\n", + "efficiency= 91.8660287081 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.66, Page Number:1172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#KVA\n", + "v1=440.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "loss=324.0#W\n", + "cu_loss=100.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=4*cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=load*pf/(load*pf+cu_loss/1000+loss/1000)\n", + "per=(loss/cu_loss)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)percent of full-load=\",per*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)efficiency= 95.6708921311 %\n", + "ii)percent of full-load= 90.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.67, Page Number:1173" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=4.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "vo=200.0#V\n", + "io=0.8#A\n", + "wo=70.0#W\n", + "vs=20.0#V\n", + "i_s=10.0#A\n", + "ws=60.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "loss=ws+wo\n", + "output=load*pf\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss/1000)\n", + "z02=vs/i_s\n", + "r02=ws/i2**2\n", + "x02=(z02**2-r02**2)**0.5\n", + "drop=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-drop\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "load=load*(wo/ws)**0.5\n", + "load=load*1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"load at unity pf=\",load,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 96.0960960961 %\n", + "secondary voltage= 383.752729583 V\n", + "current= 20.0 A\n", + "load at unity pf= 4.32049379894 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.68, Page Number:1173" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Wi=Symbol('Wi')\n", + "Wcu=Symbol('Wcu')\n", + "P=600.0#kVA\n", + "e=0.92#efficiency\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "x=0.6\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ans=solve([(e*(1*P*1+Wi+1**2*Wcu))-(1*P*1),(e*(0.5*P*1+Wi+0.5*0.5*Wcu))-(0.5*P*1)],[Wi,Wcu])\n", + "e2=(x*P*pf*100)/((x*P*pf)+ans[Wi]+(x**2*ans[Wcu]))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Efficiency=\",round(e2,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Efficiency= 90.6 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.69, Page Number:1174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=Symbol('x')\n", + "y=Symbol('y')\n", + "load=600.0#KVA\n", + "efficiency=0.92\n", + "per=0.60\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "inpt=load/efficiency\n", + "loss1=inpt-load\n", + "inpt2=load/(2*efficiency)\n", + "loss2=inpt2-load/2\n", + "ans=solve([x+y-loss1,x+y/4-loss2],[x,y])\n", + "cu_loss=ans[y]*0.36\n", + "loss=cu_loss+ans[x]\n", + "output=load*per\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "389.913043478261\n", + "efficiency= 92.3282783229260 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.70, Page Number:1174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100#kVA\n", + "e1=0.98\n", + "e2=0.80\n", + "pf=8\n", + "z=0.05\n", + "pf1=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*pf1*e2\n", + "inpt=output/e1\n", + "loss=-output+inpt\n", + "cu_loss=loss/2\n", + "cu_loss_full=cu_loss/pf1**2\n", + "r=round(cu_loss_full*100/load)\n", + "sin=math.sin(math.acos(pf1))\n", + "regn=(r*pf1+5*sin)+(1.0/200)*(5*pf1-r*sin)**2\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage regulation= 3.8578 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.71, Page Number:1174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#KVA\n", + "v1=5000.0#V\n", + "v2=440.0#V\n", + "f=25.0#Hz\n", + "cu_loss=1.5\n", + "we=0.5\n", + "wh=0.6\n", + "v2=10000.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss1=cu_loss*load/100\n", + "we1=we*load/100\n", + "wh1=wh*load/100\n", + "cu_loss2=cu_loss1\n", + "we2=(we1*(50.0/25.0)**2)\n", + "wh2=(wh1*(50.0/25))\n", + "e1=load*100/(load+cu_loss1+we1+wh1)\n", + "e2=load*2*100/(load*2+cu_loss2+we2+wh2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency in first case=\",e1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full load efficiency in second case=\",e2,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "20.47 0.06 0.05\n", + "full load efficiency in first case= 97.4658869396 %\n", + "full load efficiency in second case= 97.7039570103 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.72, Page Number:1175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=300#KVA\n", + "r=1.5#%\n", + "load1=173.2#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=r*load*1000/100\n", + "iron_loss=(load1/load)**2*cu_loss\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+iron_loss\n", + "efficiency=(load*pf)*100/((load*pf)+(total_loss/1000))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.5610105096 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.73, Page Number:1175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100#kVA\n", + "v1=2300#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "phim=1.2#Wb/m2\n", + "a=0.04#m2\n", + "l=2.5#m\n", + "bm=1200\n", + "inpt=1200#W\n", + "pi=400#W\n", + "efficiency=0.75\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "f2=100#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "n1=v1/(4.44*f*phim*a)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "n2=k*n1\n", + "i=1989/n1\n", + "cu_loss=efficiency**2*inpt\n", + "total_loss=pi+cu_loss\n", + "output=load*efficiency*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+total_loss/1000)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)n1=\",round(n1)\n", + "print \" n2=\",round(n2)\n", + "print \"b)magnetising current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"c)efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.00643416423287\n", + "a)n1= 216.0\n", + " n2= 22.0\n", + "b)magnetising current= 9.21512347826 A\n", + "c)efficiency= 98.2398690135 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.74, Page Number:1176" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=1.8\n", + "x=5.4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "pf=r/x\n", + "phi=math.atan(pf)\n", + "phi2=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "regn=r*math.cos(phi2)+x*math.sin(phi2)\n", + "efficiency=100/(100+r*2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)i)phi=\",math.degrees(phi),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \" ii)regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"b)efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)i)phi= 18.4349488229 degrees\n", + " ii)regulation= 5.6920997883 %\n", + "b)efficiency= 96.5250965251 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.75, Page Number:1176" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "vo=250.0#V\n", + "io=3.0#A\n", + "wo=200.0#W\n", + "vsc=15.0#V\n", + "isc=30.0#A\n", + "wsc=300.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v2\n", + "cu_loss=(i/isc)**2*wsc\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss+wo)\n", + "z=vsc/isc\n", + "r=wsc/isc**2\n", + "x=(z**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(i/v2)*(r*pf-x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))*v2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 91.6030534351 %\n", + "regulation= 1.72239475667 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.76, Page Number:1177" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=40.0#kVA\n", + "loss=400.0#W\n", + "cu_loss=800.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "x=(loss/cu_loss)**0.5\n", + "output=load*x*1\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+load*2/100)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.2493723732 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 71 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.77, Page Number:1178" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10#kVA\n", + "v1=500#V\n", + "v2=250#V\n", + "vsc=60#V\n", + "isc=20#A\n", + "wsc=150#W\n", + "per=1.2\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/v1\n", + "cu_loss=per**2*wsc\n", + "output=per*load*1.0\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss*2/1000)\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "e2=output*100/(output+cu_loss+wsc)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full-load efficiency=\",e2,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum efficiency= 96.5250965251 %\n", + "full-load efficiency= 95.6251494143 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.78, Page Number:1181" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=500.0#kVA\n", + "cu_loss=4.5#kW\n", + "iron_loss=3.5#kW\n", + "t1=6.0#hrs\n", + "t2=10.0#hrs\n", + "t3=4.0#hrs\n", + "t4=4.0#hrs\n", + "load1_=400.0#kW\n", + "load2_=300.0#kW\n", + "load3_=100.0#kW\n", + "pf1=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.75\n", + "pf3=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "load1=load1_/pf1\n", + "load2=load2_/pf2\n", + "load3=load3_/pf3\n", + "wc1=cu_loss\n", + "wc2=cu_loss*(load2/load1)**2\n", + "wc3=cu_loss*(load3/load1)**2\n", + "twc=(t1*wc1)+(t2*wc2)+(t3*wc3)+(t4*0)\n", + "iron_loss=24*iron_loss\n", + "total_loss=twc+iron_loss\n", + "output=(t1*load1_)+(t2*load2_)+(t3*load3_)\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(efficiency,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.6 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 86 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.79, Page Number:1182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "loss=3.0#kW\n", + "tf=3.0#hrs\n", + "th=4.0#hrs\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "iron_loss=loss*24/2\n", + "wcf=loss*tf/2\n", + "wch=loss/8\n", + "wch=wch*4\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+wch+wcf\n", + "output=load*tf+load*th/2\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 92.2509225092 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 89 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.80, Page Number:1182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#KW\n", + "efficiency=0.98\n", + "tf=4.0#hrs\n", + "th=6.0#hrs\n", + "t10=14.0#hrs\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#1st transformer\n", + "inpt=load/efficiency\n", + "tloss=inpt-load\n", + "y=tloss/2\n", + "x=y\n", + "iron_loss=x*24\n", + "cu_loss=x*tf+th*(x/2**2)+t10*(x/10**2)\n", + "loss=iron_loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=tf*load+th*load/2+t10*10\n", + "e1=output/(output+loss)\n", + "#2nd transformer\n", + "y=tloss/(1+1.0/4)\n", + "x=(tloss-y)\n", + "iron_loss=x*24\n", + "wc=tf*y+th*(y/2**2)+t10*(y/10**2)\n", + "loss=iron_loss+wc\n", + "e2=output/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency of forst transformer=\",e1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"efficiency ofsecond transformer=\",e2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.408163265306 1.63265306122\n", + "efficiency of forst transformer= 96.5245532574 %\n", + "efficiency ofsecond transformer= 97.7876610788 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 96 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.81, Page Number:1183" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "efficiency=0.95\n", + "nl=10.0#hrs\n", + "ql=7.0#hrs\n", + "hl=5.0#hrs\n", + "fl=2.0#hrs\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "inpt=load/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-load\n", + "wc_fl=loss/2\n", + "iron_loss=loss/2\n", + "wc_fl_4=(1.0/4)**2*wc_fl\n", + "wc_fl_2=(1.0/2)**2*wc_fl\n", + "wc_ql=ql*wc_fl_4\n", + "wc_hl=hl*wc_fl_2\n", + "wc_fl_2=fl*wc_fl\n", + "wc=wc_ql+wc_hl+wc_fl_2\n", + "wh=wc\n", + "loss=wh+24*iron_loss\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "half_output=(output/2)\n", + "q_load=(load/4)\n", + "output=ql*q_load+hl*half_output+fl*output\n", + "e=output*100/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 89.5592740985 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 115 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.82, Page Number:1183" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=0.98\n", + "load=15#kVA\n", + "t1=12.0#hrs\n", + "t2=6.0#hrs\n", + "t3=6.0#hrs\n", + "pf1=0.5\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "k1=2#kW\n", + "k2=12#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "wc=loss/2\n", + "wi=loss/2\n", + "w1=k1/pf1\n", + "w2=k2/pf2\n", + "wc1=wc*(4/load)\n", + "wc2=wc\n", + "wc12=t1*wc1\n", + "wc6=t2*wc2\n", + "wc=(wc12+wc6)\n", + "wi=24*wi\n", + "output=(k1*t1)+(t2*k2)\n", + "inpt=output+wc+wi\n", + "e=output*100/inpt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.918367346939 3.67346938776\n", + "efficiency= 95.4351795496 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 120 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.83, Page Number:1184" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=150.0#KVA\n", + "l1_=100.0#kVA\n", + "t=3.0#hrs\n", + "loss=1.0#KW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "l1=l1_/2\n", + "l2=l1_\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "loss=loss*2\n", + "e1=output/(output+loss)\n", + "wc1=t*(1.0/3)**2*1\n", + "wc2=8*(2.0/3)**2*1\n", + "wc=wc1+wc2\n", + "wi=24*1\n", + "loss=wc+wi\n", + "output=3*(l1*1)+8*(l2*1)\n", + "e2=(output*100)/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ordinary efficiency=\",e1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"all day efficiency=\",e2,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ordinary efficiency= 98.6842105263 %\n", + "all day efficiency= 97.1480513578 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 127 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.84, Page Number:1184" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=50#KVA\n", + "efficiency=0.94#%\n", + "nl=10\n", + "hl=5.0\n", + "ql=6.0\n", + "fl=3.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pi=0.5*(load*1000)*(1-efficiency)/efficiency\n", + "wch=(0.5)**2*pi\n", + "eh=wch*hl/1000\n", + "wcq=(0.25)**2*pi\n", + "eq=ql*wcq/1000\n", + "e3=pi*3/1000\n", + "e2=pi*24/1000\n", + "e=25*hl+12.5*ql+50*fl\n", + "efficiency=e/(e+e2+eh+eq+e3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 88.4557217274 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.85, Page Number:1185" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "t1=7.0#hrs\n", + "t2=4.0#hrs\n", + "t3=8.0#hrs\n", + "t4=5.0#hrs\n", + "k1=3.0#kW\n", + "k2=8.0#kW\n", + "pf1=0.6\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "x1=k1/(pf1*load)\n", + "x2=k2/(pf2*load)\n", + "x3=load/(1*load)\n", + "pc1=(0.5)**2*0.1\n", + "pc2=pc3=0.10\n", + "o1=k1*t1\n", + "o2=k2*t2\n", + "o3=k2*load\n", + "output=o1+o2+o3\n", + "wc1=pc1*t1\n", + "wc2=pc2*t2\n", + "wc3=pc3*t3\n", + "cu_loss=wc1+wc2+wc3\n", + "loss=400.0*24/10000\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss+cu_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficency= 98.27465179 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 142 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.86, Page Number:1185" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=.98\n", + "load=15.0#kVA\n", + "t1=12.0\n", + "t2=6.0\n", + "t3=6.0\n", + "pf1=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "pf3=0.9\n", + "k1=2.0\n", + "k2=12.0\n", + "k3=18.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*1000\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "cu_loss=loss/2\n", + "x1=k1/(0.5*load)\n", + "x2=k2/(pf2*load)\n", + "x3=k3/(pf3*load)\n", + "wc1=0.131\n", + "wc2=0.918\n", + "wc3=1.632\n", + "o1=t1*k1\n", + "o2=t2*k2\n", + "o3=t3*k3\n", + "output=o1+o2+o3\n", + "loss=wc1+wc2+wc3+0.153*24\n", + "efficiency=(output*100)/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 96.9798386522 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.87, Page Number:1188" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3.0#kW\n", + "v1=115.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=v1/v2\n", + "power=load*(1-k)\n", + "power2=k*load\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)power transferred inductively=\",power,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"b)power transferred conductively=\",power2,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)power transferred inductively= 1.5 kW\n", + "b)power transferred conductively= 1.5 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 145 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.88, Page Number:1188" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i1=k*i\n", + "saving=k*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"economy of cu=\",saving" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "economy of cu= 80.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 147 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.89, Page Number:1188" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=500.0#KVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=6600.0#V\n", + "v2=5000.0#V\n", + "e=8.0#V\n", + "phim1=1.3#Wb/m2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phim=e/(4.44*f)\n", + "area=phim/phim1\n", + "n1=v1/e\n", + "n2=v2/e\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"core area=\",area*10000,\"m2\"\n", + "print \"number of turns on the hv side=\",n1\n", + "print \"number of turns on the lv side=\",n2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "core area= 277.2002772 m2\n", + "number of turns on the hv side= 825.0\n", + "number of turns on the lv side= 625.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 150 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.90, Page Number:1189" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i1=round(load*1000/v1,1)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "kva=2640*i2*0.001\n", + "kva_per=kva*100/load\n", + "i1_=kva*1000/v1\n", + "ic=i1_-i2\n", + "over=ic*100/i1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)i1=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)i2=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iii)kVA rating=\",kva,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"iv)per cent increase in kVA=\",kva_per,\"%\"\n", + "print \"v)I1=\",i1_,\"A\"\n", + "print \" Ic=\",ic,\"A\"\n", + "print \"vi)per cent overload=\",over,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)i1= 8.3 A\n", + "ii)i2= 83.0 A\n", + "iii)kVA rating= 219.12 kVA\n", + "iv)per cent increase in kVA= 1095.6 %\n", + "v)I1= 91.3 A\n", + " Ic= 8.3 A\n", + "vi)per cent overload= 100.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 159 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.91, Page Number:1190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i1=round(load*1000/v1,1)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "kva=2160*i2*0.001\n", + "kva_per=kva*100/load\n", + "i1_=kva*1000/v1\n", + "ic=i2-i1_\n", + "over=ic*100/i1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)i1=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)i2=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iii)kVA rating=\",kva,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"iv)per cent increase in kVA=\",kva_per,\"%\"\n", + "print \"v)I1=\",i1_,\"A\"\n", + "print \" Ic=\",ic,\"A\"\n", + "print \"vi)per cent overload=\",over,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)i1= 8.3 A\n", + "ii)i2= 83.0 A\n", + "iii)kVA rating= 179.28 kVA\n", + "iv)per cent increase in kVA= 896.4 %\n", + "v)I1= 74.7 A\n", + " Ic= 8.3 A\n", + "vi)per cent overload= 100.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 160 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.92, Page Number:1190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "v1=110.0#V\n", + "v2=110.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "efficiency=0.95\n", + "iron_loss=50.0#W\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=load*1000/efficiency-load*1000-iron_loss\n", + "efficiency=load*1000/(load*1000+cu_loss/4+iron_loss)\n", + "i2=(load*1000+cu_loss/4+iron_loss)/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"current drawn on hv side=\",i2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.9760216579 %\n", + "current drawn on hv side= 23.1967703349 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.93, Page Number:1191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11500#V\n", + "v2=2300#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kva=(v1+v2)*50*0.001\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage output=\",v1+v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"kVA rating of auto transformer=\",kva,\"kVA\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage output= 13800 V\n", + "kVA rating of auto transformer= 690.0 kVA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 164 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.94, Page Number:1191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11500.0#V\n", + "v2=2300.0#V\n", + "load=100.0#KVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=load*100/v1\n", + "i2=load*100/v2\n", + "kva1=(v1+v2)*i1/(100)\n", + "kva2=(v1+v2)*i2/(100)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage ratios=\",(v1+v2)/v1,\"or\",(v1+v2)/v2\n", + "print \"kVA rating in first case=\",kva1\n", + "print \"kVA rating in second case=\",kva2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage ratios= 1.2 or 6.0\n", + "kVA rating in first case= 120.0\n", + "kVA rating in second case= 600.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 167 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.95, Page Number:1192" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=2400.0#v\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "load=50.0#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "output=2640*i2\n", + "i=i2*2640/v1\n", + "k=2640/v1\n", + "poweri=v1*i1*0.001\n", + "power=output/1000-poweri\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rating of the auto-transformer=\",output/1000,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"inductively transferred powers=\",poweri,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"conductively transferred powers=\",power,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rating of the auto-transformer= 550.0 kVA\n", + "inductively transferred powers= 50.0 kW\n", + "conductively transferred powers= 500.0 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 169 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.96, Page Number:1196" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "za=complex(0.5,3)\n", + "zb=complex(0.,10)\n", + "load=100#KW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load/pf*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa)*math.cos(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb)*math.cos(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "96.082805253\n", + "SA= 74.5937961595 kW\n", + "SB= 25.4062038405 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 174 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.97, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r1=0.005#ohm\n", + "r2=0.01#ohm\n", + "x1=0.05#ohm\n", + "x2=0.04#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "za=complex(r1,x1)\n", + "zb=complex(r2,x2)\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.degrees((-1)*math.acos(pf))*math.degrees(math.atan((za/zb).imag/(za/zb).real)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load of B=\",abs(za/zb)\n", + "print \"pf of B=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load of B= 1.21872643265\n", + "pf of B= 0.613584256393\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 202 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.98, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=250#kVA\n", + "za=complex(1,6)\n", + "zb=complex(1.2,4.8)\n", + "load1=500#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load1*complex(-pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 224.451917244 -39.3923099293\n", + "SB= 275.942423833 -34.8183886694\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 205 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.99, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabledeclaration\n", + "load=100.0#KW\n", + "r1=0.5\n", + "x1=8.0\n", + "r2=0.75\n", + "x2=4.0\n", + "load1=180.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "load=load1/pf\n", + "s=load*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "z1=complex(r1,x1)\n", + "z2=complex(r2,x2)\n", + "s1=s*z2/(z1+z2)\n", + "s2=s*z1/(z1+z2)\n", + "kw1=abs(s1)*math.cos(math.atan(s1.imag/s1.real))\n", + "kw2=abs(s2)*math.cos(math.atan(s2.imag/s2.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kW1=\",kw1,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"kW2=\",kw2,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(1.25+12j)\n", + "kW1= 58.119626171 kW\n", + "kW2= 121.880373829 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 214 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.100, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=200.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "za=complex(1,5)\n", + "zb=complex(2,6)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load/pf*complex(0.85,-0.527)\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kVA for A=\",abs(sa),math.cos(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"lag\"\n", + "print \"kVA for B=\",abs(sb),math.cos(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kVA for A= 130.53263665 0.819364787986 lag\n", + "kVA for B= 105.238776124 0.884143252833 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 216 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.101, Page Number:1198" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=110.0#V\n", + "load=125.0#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(0.9,10)\n", + "zb=(100/50)*complex(1.0,5)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "s=load*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 63.0780848499 -39.929442891 degrees\n", + "SB= 62.1031510961 -33.7622749748 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 218 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.102, Page Number:1199" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load1=500#kVA\n", + "za=complex(1,5)\n", + "load2=250#kVA\n", + "zb=complex(1.5,4)\n", + "v2=400#V\n", + "load=750#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "zb=(500/load2)*zb\n", + "s=load*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 471.125736359 -40.3232138964 degrees\n", + "SB= 281.165527855 -31.0771011508 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 219 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.103, Page Number:1199" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=1000#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(2,3)\n", + "zb=complex(2.5,5)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=i*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "ratio=zb/za\n", + "ib=i/(1+ratio)\n", + "ia=i-ib\n", + "ratio=ia.real/ib.real\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"IA=\",ia\n", + "print \"IB=\",ib\n", + "print \"ratio of output=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IA= (504.451038576-341.246290801j)\n", + "IB= (295.548961424-258.753709199j)\n", + "ratio of output= 1.70682730924\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 220 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.104, Page Number:1200" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "v2=500.0#V\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "za=complex(1.0,5.0)\n", + "zb=complex(2.0,2.0)\n", + "load1=300.0#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zb=(100.0/250)*zb\n", + "s=load1*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "zab=za*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "drop=zab.real*240/100+zab.imag*180/100\n", + "v2=v2-v2*drop/100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 55.8895719399 -64.6284382469 degrees\n", + "SB= 251.890896741 -30.9383707209 degrees\n", + "secondary voltage= 486.177874187 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 223 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.105, Page Number:1200" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n11=5000.0\n", + "n12=440.0\n", + "load1=200#kVA\n", + "n21=5000.0\n", + "n22=480.0\n", + "load2=350#kVA\n", + "x=3.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i1=load1*1000/n12\n", + "i2=load2*1000/n22\n", + "x1=x*n12/(100*i1)\n", + "x2=x*n22/(100*i2)\n", + "ic=(n22-n12)/0.057\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no-load circulation current=\",ic/i1,\"times the normal current of 200 kVA unit\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no-load circulation current= 1.54385964912 times the normal current of 200 kVA unit\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 225 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.106, Page Number:1203" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabe declaration\n", + "ea=6600#V\n", + "eb=6400#V\n", + "za=complex(0.3,3)\n", + "zb=complex(0.2,1)\n", + "zl=complex(8.0,6.0)\n", + "ia=(ea*zb+(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "ib=(eb*za-(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"IA=\",abs(ia),\"A\"\n", + "print \"IB=\",abs(ib),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IA= 195.492387533 A\n", + "IB= 422.567795916 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 227 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.107, Page Number:1204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load1=100.0#kVA\n", + "load2=50.0#kVA\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "v2=950.0#V\n", + "r1=2.0\n", + "r2=2.5\n", + "x1=8.0\n", + "x2=6.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=load1*1000/v1\n", + "ra=v1*r1/(100*ia)\n", + "xa=v1*x1/(100*ia)\n", + "ib=load2*1000/v2\n", + "rb=v2*r2/(100*ib)\n", + "xb=v2*x2/(100*ib)\n", + "z=((ra+rb)**2+(xa+xb)**2)**0.5\n", + "ic=(v1-v2)/z\n", + "alpha=math.atan((xa+xb)/(ra+rb))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no load circulating current=\",ic,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no load circulating current= 25.0948635944 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 231 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.108, Page Number:1204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load1=1000.0#KVA\n", + "load2=500.0#kVA\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=510.0#V\n", + "z1=3.0\n", + "z2=5.0\n", + "r=0.4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=load1*1000/480\n", + "ib=load2*1000/480\n", + "za=z1*v1/(100*ia)\n", + "zb=z2*v2/(100*ib)\n", + "ic=(v2-v1)/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"cross current=\",ic,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "cross current= 315.656565657 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 233 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.109, Page Number:1204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "loada=500.0#KVA\n", + "loadb=250.0#kVA\n", + "load=750.0#KVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v1=405.0#V\n", + "v2=415.0#V\n", + "ra=1.0\n", + "rb=1.5\n", + "xa=5.0\n", + "xb=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=loada*1000/400\n", + "ra=400/(100*ia)\n", + "xa=xa*400/(100*ia)\n", + "ib=loadb*1000/400\n", + "rb=rb*400/(100*ib)\n", + "xb=xb*400/(100*ib)\n", + "za=complex(ra,xa)\n", + "zb=complex(rb,xb)\n", + "zl=400**2*0.001/load*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "ic=(v1-v2)/(za+zb)\n", + "ia=(v1*zb+(v1-v2)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "ib=(v2*za-(v1-v2)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "sa=400*ia/1000\n", + "sb=400*ib/1000\n", + "pf1=math.cos(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real))\n", + "pf2=math.cos(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)cross current=\",-abs(ic),math.degrees(math.atan(ic.imag/ic.real))\n", + "print \"b)SA=\",abs(sa),pf1,\"lag\"\n", + "print \" SB=\",abs(sb),pf2,\"lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)cross current= -229.754569404 -72.8972710309\n", + "b)SA= 387.844943528 0.820048560714 lag\n", + " SB= 351.964386212 0.738709225528 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 243 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.110, Page Number:1205" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "zl=complex(2.0,1.5)\n", + "za=complex(0.15,0.5)\n", + "zb=complex(0.1,0.6)\n", + "ea=207#V\n", + "eb=205#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=(ea*zb+(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "ib=(eb*za-(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "v2_=(ia+ib)*zl\n", + "angle=math.atan(v2_.imag/v2_.real)-math.atan(ia.imag/ia.real)\n", + "pfa=math.cos(angle)\n", + "angle=math.atan(v2_.imag/v2_.real)-math.atan(ib.imag/ib.real)\n", + "pfb=math.cos(angle)\n", + "pa=abs(v2_)*abs(ia)*pfa\n", + "pb=abs(v2_)*abs(ib)*pfb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power output:\"\n", + "print \" A:\",pa,\"W\"\n", + "print \" B:\",pb,\"W\"\n", + "print \"power factor:\"\n", + "print \" A:\",pfa\n", + "print \" B:\",pfb\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power output:\n", + " A: 6535.37583042 W\n", + " B: 4925.36941503 W\n", + "power factor:\n", + " A: 0.818428780129\n", + " B: 0.775705655277\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 248 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.111, Page Number:1206" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=200.0#A\n", + "ib=600.0#A\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "rb=0.025#ohm\n", + "xa=0.05#ohm\n", + "xb=0.06#ohm\n", + "ea=245.0#V\n", + "eb=240.0#V\n", + "zl=complex(0.25,0.1)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "za=(ea/ia)*complex(ra,xa)\n", + "zb=(eb/ib)*complex(rb,xb)\n", + "i=(ea*zb+eb*za)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "v2=i*zl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",round(abs(v2)),round(math.degrees(math.atan(v2.imag/v2.real))),\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= 230.0 -3.0 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 251 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_dqq0jBY.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_dqq0jBY.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6653720b --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_dqq0jBY.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,2354 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:102ba4bcb83ebd9f77c7c3f970c6e3d48b2bd31161c690d1b5c67b800706b1d0" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 29: D.C. Motor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.1, Page Number:999" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#as generator \n", + "eg=v+i*r\n", + "#as motor\n", + "eb=v-i*r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"as generator:eg=\",eg,\"V\"\n", + "print \"as motor:eb=\",eb,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "as generator:eg= 230.0 V\n", + "as motor:eb= 210.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.2, Page Number:999" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=Symbol('ia')\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "brush_drop=2#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n2=700#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "rl=v/i\n", + "eg1=v+i*r+brush_drop\n", + "eg2=eg1*n2/n\n", + "ia=solve(eg2-2-ia*r-2.5*ia,ia)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current delivered to the load=\",ia[0],\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current delivered to the load= 69.7692307692308 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.3, Page Number:999" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "ra=0.8#ohm\n", + "rf=200#ohm\n", + "output=7.46#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=output*1000/efficiency\n", + "im=output*1000/(efficiency*v)\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=im-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"back emf=\",eb,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "back emf= 425.642780749 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.4, Page Number:1000" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25#kW\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ra=0.06#ohm\n", + "rf=100#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#as generator\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "eb=v+ia*ra\n", + "power=eb*ia/1000\n", + "\n", + "print \"As generator: power=\",power,\"kW\"\n", + "\n", + "#as motor\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "power=eb*ia/1000\n", + "\n", + "print \"As generator: power=\",power,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "As generator: power= 26.12424 kW\n", + "As generator: power= 23.92376 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.5, Page Number:1000" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "z=32\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "i=12.0#A\n", + "ra=2.0#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "i2=5.0#A\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=i+v/rf\n", + "eg=v+ia*ra\n", + "phi=eg*a*60/(z*n*p)\n", + "#as motor\n", + "ia=i2-v/rf\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=60*eb/(phi*z)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole=\",phi,\"wb\"\n", + "print \"speed of the machine=\",math.ceil(n),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 0.42375 wb\n", + "speed of the machine= 850.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.6, Page Number:1002" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=110#A\n", + "v=480#V\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "z=864\n", + "p=a=6\n", + "phi=0.05#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=60*eb/(phi*z)\n", + "ta=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the speed=\",math.floor(n),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the gross torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the speed= 636.0 rpm\n", + "the gross torque= 755.568 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.7, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "z=782\n", + "ra=rf=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "phi=25*0.001#Wb\n", + "p=4\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=60*eb/(phi*z)\n", + "ta=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "\n", + "print \"the speed=\",math.floor(n),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the gross torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the speed= 705.0 rpm\n", + "the gross torque= 248.676 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.8, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "eb=250.0#V\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pm=eb*ia\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"machanical power=\",pm,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 79.5833333333 N-m\n", + "machanical power= 12500.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.9, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=800\n", + "load=8.2#kW\n", + "ia=45#A\n", + "phi=25*0.001#Wb\n", + "ra=0.6#ohm\n", + "a=p/2\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ta=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a/(phi*z*p)\n", + "tsh=load*1000/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"developed torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "developed torque= 286.2 N-m\n", + "shaft torque= 270.618131415 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.10, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=2*i\n", + "fb1=v-(i*ra)\n", + "eb2=v-(ia2*ra)\n", + "n2=eb2*n/fb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when torque is doubled=\",n2,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when torque is doubled= 476.19047619 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.11, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=Symbol('r')\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "ra=0.24#ohm\n", + "vd=2#v\n", + "i=1.8#A\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=load*1000/efficiency\n", + "il=input_m/v\n", + "tsh=9.55*load*1000/n\n", + "il=ratio*il\n", + "ia=il-i\n", + "r=solve(ia*(r+ra)+vd-v,r)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full-load line current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"full-load shaft torque\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"total resistance=\",r[0],\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full-load line current= 124.333333333 A\n", + "full-load shaft torque 356.215 N-m\n", + "total resistance= 3.82420021762787 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.12, Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "z=540\n", + "i=32#A\n", + "output=5.595#kW\n", + "ra=0.09#ohm\n", + "i_f=1#A\n", + "phi=30*0.001#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=i-i_f\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a*60/(phi*z*p)\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque developed=\",tsh*1000,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 804.481481481 rpm\n", + "torque developed= 66.4182473183 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 43 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(a), Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "load=20.0#kW\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "phi=0.04#Wb\n", + "z=160\n", + "il=95.0#A\n", + "inl=9.0#A\n", + "p=4\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#no load\n", + "ea0=v-(inl-i)*ra\n", + "n0=ea0*a*60/(phi*z*p)\n", + "#load\n", + "ea=v-(il-i)*ra\n", + "n=ea*n0/ea0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no-load speed=\",n0,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"load speed=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no-load speed= 1030.5 rpm\n", + "load speed= 1014.375 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(b), Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=6\n", + "i=400#A\n", + "n=350#rpm\n", + "phi=80*0.001#Wb\n", + "z=600*2\n", + "loss=0.03#percentage\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e=phi*z*n*p/(60*a)\n", + "pa=e*i\n", + "t=pa/(2*3.14*n/60)\n", + "t_net=0.97*t\n", + "bhp=t_net*36.67*0.001/0.746\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"brake-horse-power\",bhp,\"HP\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "brake-horse-power 291.551578696 HP\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 66 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(c), Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=774\n", + "phi=24*0.001#Wb\n", + "ia=50#A\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculations\n", + "t=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",t,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 295.3584 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 67 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(d), Page Number:1005" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "il=40.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ih=v/rf\n", + "pi=v*i\n", + "cu_loss_f=cu_loss=v*ih\n", + "output=v*il\n", + "cu_loss_a=(il+ih)**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+cu_loss_a+cu_loss_f\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 87.8312542029 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 81 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(e), Page Number:1006" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable delcration\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "n=800#rpm\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=0.1#ohm\n", + "loss=0.5#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=v-ia*(ra+rf)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*(ra+rf)\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+loss*1000\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output of the motor=\",output/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output of the motor= 7.82 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 88 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.14, Page Number:1006" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=400.0#N\n", + "d=10.0#cm\n", + "n=840#rpm\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n1=1800#rpm\n", + "efficiency=.80\n", + "d2=24.0#cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "tsh=f*d*0.01/2\n", + "output=tsh*2*3.14*n/60\n", + "input_m=output/efficiency\n", + "i=input_m/v\n", + "d1=n*d2/n1\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "print \"current taken by the motor=\",round(i),\"A\"\n", + "print \"size of motor pulley=\",d1,\"cm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current taken by the motor= 10.0 A\n", + "size of motor pulley= 11.2 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.15, Page Number:1006" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=280\n", + "ia=45.0#A\n", + "phi=18*0.001#Wb\n", + "ra=0.5+0.3#ohm\n", + "loss=800.0#W\n", + "d=0.41\n", + "a=4\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*60*a/(phi*z*p*4)\n", + "inpt=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=inpt-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "f=tsh*2/d\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pull at the rim of the pulley=\",f,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pull at the rim of the pulley= 628.016180845 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 102 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.16, Page Number:1007" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "output=11.19#kW\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=50#A\n", + "i=1#A\n", + "z=540\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "vd=1#V\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "tsh=9.55*output*1000/n\n", + "phi=eb*60*a*1000/(z*n*p)\n", + "input_a=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "brush_loss=ia*2\n", + "power=input_a-(cu_loss+brush_loss)\n", + "rotational_loss=power-output*1000\n", + "input_m=v*(ia+i)\n", + "efficiency=output*1000/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"total torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"useful torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"flux/pole=\",phi,\"mWb\"\n", + "print \"rotational losses=\",rotational_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total torque= 112.2125 N-m\n", + "useful torque= 106.8645 N-m\n", + "flux/pole= 13.0555555556 mWb\n", + "rotational losses= 460.0 W\n", + "efficiency= 91.4215686275 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 106 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.17, Page Number:1007" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=460.0#v\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "i2=30.0#A\n", + "ra=0.8#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t2_by_t1=i2**2/i**2\n", + "change=(1-t2_by_t1)*100#percentage\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb2=v-i2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*i*n/(eb1*i2)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"percentage change in torque=\",change,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 679.127725857 rpm\n", + "percentage change in torque= 43.75 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 111 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.18, Page Number:1008" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=460.0#V\n", + "output=55.95#kW\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "I=252.8#kg-m2\n", + "ia1=1.4\n", + "ia2=1.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=(ia1+ia2)/2\n", + "n=n/60.0\n", + "tsh=output*1000/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "torque_avg=(ia-1)*tsh\n", + "dt=(I*2*3.14*n)/torque_avg\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"approximate time to attain full speed=\",dt,\"s\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "approximate time to attain full speed= 46.4050282991 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.19, Page Number:1008" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=14.92#kW\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "n=400.0#rpm\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "I=7.5#kg-m2\n", + "ratio=1.2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n=n/60\n", + "t=output*1000/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "torque=(ratio-1)*t\n", + "dt=(I*2*3.14*n)/torque\n", + "\n", + "print \"time to attain full speed=\",dt,\"s\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "time to attain full speed= 4.4055406613 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 138 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.20, Page Number:1009" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=944\n", + "phi=34.6*0.001#Wb\n", + "ta=209.0#N-m\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "ra=3.0#ohm\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=ta/(0.159*phi*z*(p/a))\n", + "ea=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=ea/(phi*z*(p/a))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n*60,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line current= 20.1219966813 A\n", + "speed= 403.798260345 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.21, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#v\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=8#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i2=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "eb0=v-(ia-ish)*ra\n", + "eb=v-(i2-ish)*ra\n", + "n=eb*n/eb0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when loaded=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when loaded= 966.21078037 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 144 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.22, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=800#rpm\n", + "ia=100#A\n", + "v=230#V\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=0.1#ohm\n", + "ia2=25#A\n", + "ratio=0.45\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-(ra+rf)*ia\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at which motor runs=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which motor runs= 1940.37940379 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 148 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.23, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia2=Symbol('ia2')\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=115.0#ohm\n", + "n1=1200#rpm\n", + "ia=2.5#A\n", + "n2=1120#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ra*ia\n", + "x=n2*eb1/n1\n", + "ia2=solve((v-ra*ia2)-x,ia2)\n", + "ia=ia2[0]+(v/rf)\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line current=\",round(ia,1),\"A\"\n", + "print \"power input=\",round(input_m,1),\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line current= 35.0 A\n", + "power input= 8050.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.24, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "power=100.0#kW\n", + "n1=300#rpm\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "load=10.0#kW\n", + "ra=0.025#ohm\n", + "rf=60.0#ohm\n", + "vd=1.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=power*1000/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "eb=v+ia*ra+2*vd\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ia2=i-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra-2*vd\n", + "n2=eb2*n1/eb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 278.796797778 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 174 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.25, Page Number:1011" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "ia=4.0#A\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "ratio=0.04#percentage by whih armature reaction weakens field\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia2=ia-ish\n", + "eb0=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n0=n*eb0/v\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*n0/(eb0*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of machine=\",math.floor(n),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of machine= 960.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 190 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.26, Page Number:1011" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ooutput=14.92#kW\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=75#A\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.20\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb_inst=eb1*(1-ratio)\n", + "ia_inst=(v-eb_inst)/ra\n", + "t_inst=9.55*eb_inst*ia_inst/n\n", + "ia2=i/(1-ratio)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 93.75 A\n", + "speed= 1224.66216216 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 191 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.27, Page Number:1012" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "i=4.0#A\n", + "n=700.0#rpm\n", + "rf=100.0#A\n", + "v2=6.0#V\n", + "i2=10.0#A\n", + "input_m=8.0#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "il=input_m*1000/v\n", + "ia=il-ish\n", + "ra=v2/i2\n", + "eb0=v-ish*ra\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*n/eb0\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "inpt=v*i\n", + "cu_loss=ish**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=inpt-cu_loss\n", + "cu_loss_arm=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_loss_arm\n", + "output=input_m*1000-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/(input_m*1000)\n", + "print \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed on load=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "speed on load= 623.943661972 rpm\n", + "torque= 103.0636 N-m\n", + "efficiency= 79.2 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 197 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.28, Page Number:1012" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabe declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "load=11#kW\n", + "inl=5#A\n", + "n_nl=1150#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rsh=110#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_nl=v*inl\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia0=inl-ish\n", + "cu_loss_nl=ia1**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss_nl\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss_a=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss_a+constant_loss\n", + "output=load*1000-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(load*1000)\n", + "eb_nl=v-(ia0*ra)\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=n_nl*eb/eb_nl\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque developed=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"the speed=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque developed= 87.096 N-m\n", + "efficiency= 79.5361818182 %\n", + "the speed= 1031.57894737 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 200 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.29, Page Number:1013" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=18.65#kW\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "vb=3#V\n", + "rf=0.05#ohm\n", + "ia=80.0#A\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "i2=100.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*(ra+rf)\n", + "eb2=v-i2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=eb2*ia*n/(eb1*i2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when current is 100 A=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when current is 100 A= 473.949579832 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.30, Page Number:1013" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=800.0#rpm\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "ra=0.1\n", + "ratio=1.0/2.0\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia1=i*math.sqrt(ratio)\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia1*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*i*n/(eb1*ia1)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when motor will run when developing half the torque=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when motor will run when developing half the torque= 1147.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.31, Page Number:1013" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "n=600#rpm\n", + "ia=25#A\n", + "v=450#V\n", + "z=500\n", + "phi=1.7*0.01*math.pow(ia,0.5)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=n*phi*z*p/(60*a)\n", + "iara=v-eb\n", + "ra=iara/ia\n", + "i=math.pow((phi*ia*math.sqrt(ia)/(phi*2)),2.0/3.0)\n", + "eb2=v/2-i*ra\n", + "phi2=1.7*0.01*math.pow(i,0.5)\n", + "n2=eb2*phi*n/(eb*phi2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at which motor will run=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which motor will run= 372.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 224 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.32, Page Number:1017" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=460.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "def f(ia,t):\n", + " n=(v*ia-ia**2*ra)*60/(2*3.14*t)\n", + " return(n)\n", + "\n", + "n1=f(20.0,128.8)\n", + "n2=f(30.0,230.5)\n", + "n3=f(40.0,349.8)\n", + "n4=f(50.0,469.2)\n", + "T=[128.8,230.5,349.8,469.2]\n", + "N=[n1,n2,n3,n4]\n", + "plt.plot(T,N)\n", + "plt.xlabel(\"Torque(NM.m)\") \n", + "plt.ylabel(\"Speed(rpm)\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,500))\n", + "plt.ylim((0,800))\n", + "plt.show()\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYoAAAEPCAYAAABcA4N7AAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nRK5CYII=\n", + "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fb558dc6a50>" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.33, Page Number:1017" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=5.968#kW\n", + "n=700#rpm\n", + "v1=500#V\n", + "n2=600#rpm\n", + "ra=3.5#ohm\n", + "loss=450#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "def fp(i,v):\n", + " p=5.968*((n2*(v1-i*ra)/(v*n))**2)\n", + " return(p)\n", + "\n", + "def fm(i,v):\n", + " m=((v1-i*ra)*i-loss)/1000\n", + " return(m)\n", + "\n", + "p1=fp(7.0,347.0)\n", + "p2=fp(10.5,393.0)\n", + "p3=fp(14.0,434.0)\n", + "p4=fp(27.5,468.0)\n", + "\n", + "m1=fm(7.0,347.8)\n", + "m2=fm(10.5,393.0)\n", + "m3=fm(14.0,434.0)\n", + "m4=fm(27.5,468.0)\n", + "\n", + "#plot\n", + "I=[7,10.5,14,27.5]\n", + "P=[p1,p2,p3,p4]\n", + "M=[m1,m2,m3,m4]\n", + "plt.plot(I,P)\n", + "plt.plot(I,M)\n", + "plt.xlabel(\"Current\") \n", + "plt.ylabel(\"Power(kW)\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,30))\n", + "plt.ylim((0,12))\n", + "plt.show()\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYAAAAEPCAYAAABLIROyAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nAElFTkSuQmCC\n", + "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fb558dfd050>" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.34, Page Number:1022" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "i=3#A\n", + "ia=3.5#A\n", + "ib=4.5#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "loss=v*i\n", + "#B unexcited\n", + "loss1=v*(ia-i)\n", + "#B excited\n", + "loss2=v*(ib-i)\n", + "loss=loss2-loss1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"iron losses of B=\",loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "iron losses of B= 500.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.35, Page Number:1023" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=110.0#ohm\n", + "ia=5.0#A\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "i2=52.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "ia2=i2-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=round(eb2*n/eb1,0)\n", + "input_nl=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss_nl=ia1**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss_nl\n", + "cu_loss_l=ia2**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_loss_l\n", + "input_l=v*i2\n", + "output=input_l-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.36, Page Number:1023" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=5#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "ratio=0.03#percentage by which armature reaction weakens field\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "ia2=i-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.37, Page Number:1023" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "ia=5#A\n", + "ra=0.22#A\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia0=ia-ish\n", + "eb0=v-ia0*ra\n", + "cu_loss=ia0**2*ra\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "constant_loss=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+constant_loss\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/input_m\n", + "per=(eb-eb0)*100/eb0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(efficiency,1),\"%\"\n", + "print \"percentage change in speed=\",round(per,2),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 90.8 %\n", + "percentage change in speed= -4.19 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 244 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.38, Page Number:1024" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=25#A\n", + "i2=50#A\n", + "ratio=0.03#percentage by which the armature reaction weakens field\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "vd=1\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ebh=v-ia1*ra-2*vd\n", + "ia2=i2-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra-2*vd\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(ebh*(1-ratio))\n", + "ta1=9.55*eb1*ia1/n\n", + "ta2=9.55*eb2*ia2/n2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque in first case=\",ta1,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"torque in second case=\",ta2,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1010.0 rpm\n", + "torque in first case= 57.11664 N-m\n", + "torque in second case= 110.3912768 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 247 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.39, Page Number:1024" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "n1=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "ia=4.0#A\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "ratio=0.04#percentage by which the armature reaction weakens field\n", + "eb1=250.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "eb2=v-(i-ish)*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "cu_loss=(ia-ish)**2*ra\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "constant_loss=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "cu_loss_a=(i-ish)**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_loss_a\n", + "inpt=v*i\n", + "output=inpt-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/inpt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 960.0 rpm\n", + "efficiency= 82.44 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 254 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.40, Page Number:1025" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "z=120*8\n", + "a=4\n", + "phi=20*0.001#Wb\n", + "i=25#A\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=125#ohm\n", + "loss=810#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a*60/(p*z*phi)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "cu_loss_shunt=v*ish\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss+cu_loss_shunt\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "efficiency=output*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"gross torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"useful torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "gross torque= 70.288 N-m\n", + "useful torque= 60.2946209124 N-m\n", + "efficiency= 78.1936 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 256 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.41, Page Number:1025" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=14.92#kW\n", + "n=1150#rpm\n", + "p=4\n", + "a=2\n", + "z=620\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "i=74.8#A\n", + "i2=3#A\n", + "v=230#V\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=i-i2\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "phi=eb*a*60/(p*z*n)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "power=eb*ia\n", + "loss_rot=power-output*1000\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "total_loss=input_m-output*1000\n", + "per=total_loss*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole=\",phi*1000,\"mWb\"\n", + "print \"torque developed=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"rotational losses=\",loss_rot,\"W\"\n", + "print \"total losses expressed as a percentage of power=\",per,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 9.07321178121 mWb\n", + "torque developed= 128.575818783 N-m\n", + "rotational losses= 562.952 W\n", + "total losses expressed as a percentage of power= 13.2759823297 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 263 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.42, Page Number:1025" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia1=Symbol('ia1')\n", + "output=7.46#kW\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "i=5#A\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss=v*ish\n", + "cu_loss_a=ra*ia**2\n", + "loss=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "ia1=solve(ra*ia1**2-v*ia1+output*1000+loss,ia1)\n", + "i2=ia1[0]+ish\n", + "input_m1=v*i2\n", + "efficiency=output*100000/input_m1\n", + "ia=math.sqrt((input_m-cu_loss_a)/ra)\n", + "input_a=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "output_a=input_a-(cu_loss+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"output power at which efficiency is maximum=\",output_a/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 79.5621535016683 %\n", + "output power at which efficiency is maximum= 10.2179357944 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 271 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.43, Page Number:1026" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n2_by_n1=1.0/2.0\n", + "ia2_by_ia1=phi1_by_phi2=1.0/2.0\n", + "v2_by_v1=n2_by_n1*phi1_by_phi2\n", + "reduction_v=(1-v2_by_v1)*100\n", + "reduction_i=(1-ia2_by_ia1)*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction in the motor terminal voltage=\",reduction_v,\"%\"\n", + "print \"percentage fall in the motor current=\",reduction_i,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction in the motor terminal voltage= 75.0 %\n", + "percentage fall in the motor current= 50.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 272 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.44, Page Number:1026" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "z=1200\n", + "phi=20*0.001#Wb\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "loss=900#W\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a*60/(p*z*phi)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "cu_loss_f=v*ish\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+cu_loss_f+loss\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "efficiency=output*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"useful torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output=\",output/1000,\"Kw\"\n", + "print \"efficiency==\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "useful torque= 206.28 N-m\n", + "output= 7.938 Kw\n", + "efficiency== 79.38 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 275 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.45, Page Number:1027" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia1=Symbol('ia1')\n", + "output=37.3*1000#W\n", + "v=460#V\n", + "i=4#A\n", + "n=660#rpm\n", + "ra=0.3#ohm\n", + "rf=270#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "cu_loss=v*ish\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss_a=ia**2*ra\n", + "input_a=loss=v*ia\n", + "ia1=solve(ra*ia1**2-v*ia1+output+loss,ia1)\n", + "i=ia1[0]+ish\n", + "eb1=v-(ia*ra)\n", + "eb2=v-(ia1[0]*ra)\n", + "n2=n*eb2/eb1\n", + "ia=math.sqrt((cu_loss+input_a)/ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the current input=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"armature current at which efficiency is maximum=\",ia,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the current input= 90.2860908863713 A\n", + "speed= 623.0 rpm\n", + "armature current at which efficiency is maximum= 78.3156008298 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 280 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_mJo3HTQ.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_mJo3HTQ.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f35c124e --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_mJo3HTQ.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1233 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:fc88e8a107629d62ff7c77f84f67a9d9da67e1160053ed6d930ef88cb4cc11d6" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 27: Armature Reaction and Commutation" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.1, Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=722\n", + "ia=100.0#A\n", + "theta_m=8.0#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "atd_perpole=z*i*theta_m/360\n", + "atc_perpole=z*i*((1/(2.0*p))-(theta_m/360.0))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole\n", + "print \"cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization= 802.222222222\n", + "cross-magnetization= 3710.27777778\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.2, Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "z=1280\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "ia=200.0#A\n", + "commuter=160\n", + "advanced_segments=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/8\n", + "theta_m=advanced_segments*360/commuter\n", + "atd_perpole=z*i*theta_m/360\n", + "atc_perpole=z*i*((1/(2.0*p))-(theta_m/360.0))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole\n", + "print \"cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization= 800.0\n", + "cross-magnetization= 1200.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.3(a), Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=880\n", + "ia=120.0#A\n", + "theta_m=3.0#degrees\n", + "n=1100#tturns/pole\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "atd_perpole=z*i*theta_m/360\n", + "atc_perpole=z*i*((1/(2.0*p))-(theta_m/360.0))\n", + "iadditional=(atd_perpole/n)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"b)cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"c)additional field current=\",iadditional,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)armature demagnetization= 440.0 AT\n", + "b)cross-magnetization= 6160.0 AT\n", + "c)additional field current= 0.4 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.3(b), Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=480\n", + "ia=150.0#A\n", + "theta_m=10.0*2#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/4\n", + "total=(z*i)/(2*p)\n", + "atd_perpole=total*(2*theta_m/180)\n", + "atc_perpole=total*(1-(2*theta_m/180))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole\n", + "print \"cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization= 500.0\n", + "cross-magnetization= 1750.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.4, Page Number:944" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=492\n", + "theta_m=10.0\n", + "ia=143.0+10.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=ia/2#wave wound\n", + "i2=ia/4#lap wound\n", + "atd_perpole1=z*i1*theta_m/360#wave wound\n", + "extra_shunt1=atd_perpole1/theta_m\n", + "atd_perpole2=z*i2*(theta_m/360.0)#lap wound\n", + "extra_shunt2=atd_perpole2/theta_m\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"wave wound:\"\n", + "print \"demagnetization per pole=\",atd_perpole1,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"extra shunt field turns=\",int(extra_shunt1)\n", + "print \"lap wound:\"\n", + "print \"demagnetization per pole=\",atd_perpole2,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"extra shunt field turns=\",int(extra_shunt2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "wave wound:\n", + "demagnetization per pole= 1045.5 AT\n", + "extra shunt field turns= 104\n", + "lap wound:\n", + "demagnetization per pole= 522.75 AT\n", + "extra shunt field turns= 52\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.5, Page Number:944" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pole=4\n", + "p=50*1000.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "z=400\n", + "commuter=4\n", + "rsh=50.0#ohm\n", + "a=2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=p/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "segments=z/a\n", + "theta=pole*360.0/segments\n", + "atd=z*i*(theta/360)\n", + "extra=atd/ish\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"demagnetisation=\",atd,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"extra shunt turns/poles\",extra" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "demagnetisation= 820.0 AT\n", + "extra shunt turns/poles 164.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.6, Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=500\n", + "ia=200.0#A\n", + "p=6\n", + "theta=10.0#degrees\n", + "lambda_=1.3\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "atc=((1/(2.0*p))-(theta/360.0))*z*i\n", + "atd=z*i*theta/360\n", + "extra=lambda_*atd/ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)cross magnetization ampere-turns=\",atc\n", + "print \"ii)back ampere-turns\",atd\n", + "print \"iii)series turns required to balance the demagnetising ampere turns\",int(extra)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)cross magnetization ampere-turns= 2777.77777778\n", + "ii)back ampere-turns 1388.88888889\n", + "iii)series turns required to balance the demagnetising ampere turns 9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 45 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.7, Page Number:945" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=22.38#kW\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "pole=4\n", + "z=840\n", + "commutator=140\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "ish=1.8#A\n", + "back=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motor_input=p*1000.0/efficiency\n", + "input_i=motor_input/v\n", + "ia=input_i-ish\n", + "i=ia/2.0\n", + "theta=back*360/commutator\n", + "atd=z*i*(theta/360.0)\n", + "atc=((1/(2.0*pole))-(theta/360.0))*z*i\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization amp-turns/pole=\",atd\n", + "print \"distorting amp-turns/pole=\",atc" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization amp-turns/pole= 251.998140496\n", + "distorting amp-turns/pole= 2687.98016529\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.8, Page Number:945" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "ia=1000#A\n", + "p=10\n", + "z=860\n", + "per=0.7\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=ia/p\n", + "at=per/p*z*(i/2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"AT/pole for compensation winding=\",at" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "AT/pole for compensation winding= 3010.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.9, Page Number:948" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=800.0#rpm\n", + "segment=123\n", + "wb=3\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=n/60.0*segment\n", + "commutation=wb/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"commutation time=\",commutation*1000,\"millisecond\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "commutation time= 1.82926829268 millisecond\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.10, Page Number:948" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "d=30#cm\n", + "ia=150#A\n", + "wb=1.25#cm\n", + "L=0.07*0.001#H\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "v=3.14*d*(n/60)\n", + "tc=wb/v\n", + "E=L*2*i/tc\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"average emf=\",E,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "average emf= 19.782 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 65 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.11, Page Number:949" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "segments=55\n", + "n=900\n", + "wb=1.74\n", + "L=153*math.pow(10,-6)#H\n", + "i=27#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=segments*n/60\n", + "Tc=wb/v\n", + "E=L*2*i/Tc\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"average emf=\",E,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "average emf= 3.91732758621 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 67 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.12, Page Number:949" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "ia=150.0#A\n", + "z=64\n", + "wb=1.2\n", + "L=0.05#mH\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "L=L*0.001\n", + "v=n/60*z\n", + "tc=wb/v\n", + "i=ia/p\n", + "#i.linear\n", + "E1=L*2*i/tc\n", + "#ii.sinusoidal\n", + "E2=1.11*E1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Linear commutation,E=\",E1,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Sinosoidal commutation,E=\",E2,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Linear commutation,E= 5.0 V\n", + "Sinosoidal commutation,E= 5.55 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 68 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.13, Page Number:951" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "B=0.5#Wb/m2\n", + "Ig=4.0#mm\n", + "ia=500.0#A\n", + "z=540\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "arm_mmf=z*(ia/p)/(2*p)\n", + "compole=int(B*Ig*0.001/(4*3.14*math.pow(10,-7)))\n", + "mag=0.1*compole\n", + "total_compole=int(compole+mag)\n", + "total_mmf=arm_mmf+total_compole\n", + "Ncp=total_mmf/ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Number of turns on each commutating pole=\",int(Ncp)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Number of turns on each commutating pole= 11\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 89 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.14, Page Number:957" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p1=100.0#kW\n", + "V1=250#V\n", + "p2=300.0#kW\n", + "V2=250#V\n", + "i1=200#A\n", + "i2=500#A\n", + "il=600#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "delI1=p1/(p1+p2)*il\n", + "delI2=p2/(p1+p2)*il\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Current supplied by generator 1 with additional load=\",delI1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Current supplied by generator 2 with additional load=\",delI2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current supplied by generator 1 with additional load= 150.0 A\n", + "Current supplied by generator 2 with additional load= 450.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 92 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.15, Page Number:957" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i1=Symbol('i1')\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "v_nl1=270#V\n", + "v_l=220#V\n", + "il1=35#A\n", + "v_nl2=280#V\n", + "il2=50#A\n", + "il=60#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#generator 1\n", + "vd1=v_nl1-v_l\n", + "vd_pa=vd1/il1#voltage drop per ampere\n", + "#generator 2\n", + "vd_pa2=(v_nl2-v_l)/il2\n", + "#270=(10/7)i1=280-1.2*i2\n", + "ans=solve([4.2*i2-5*i1-35,i1+i2-60],[i1,i2])\n", + "v=v_nl2-vd_pa2*ans[i2]\n", + "o1=v*ans[i1]/1000.0\n", + "o2=v*ans[i2]/1000.0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output current of first machine=\",round(ans[i1],1)\n", + "print \"output current of second machine=\",round(ans[i2],1)\n", + "print \"output of first machine=\",round(o1,1),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"output of second machine=\",round(o2,1),\"kW\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output current of first machine= 23.6\n", + "output current of second machine= 36.4\n", + "output of first machine= 5.7 kW\n", + "output of second machine= 8.9 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.16, Page Number:958" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i1=Symbol('i1')\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "v=Symbol('v')\n", + "ra=0.01#ohm\n", + "rf=20#ohm\n", + "i=4000#A\n", + "v1=210#V\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#V+(i1+v/20)*0.01=210\n", + "#V+(i2+v/20)*0.01=220\n", + "#solving the above two equations we have i1-i2=1000\n", + "ans=solve([i1-i2-1000,i1+i2-4000],[i1,i2])\n", + "V=solve([v1-(ans[i1]+v/20)*0.01-v],[v])\n", + "o1=V[v]*ans[i1]/1000\n", + "o2=V[v]*ans[i2]/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Bus bar voltage=\",V[v],\"V\"\n", + "print \"output of first generator=\",o1,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"output of second generator=\",o2,\"kW\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Bus bar voltage= 184.907546226887 V\n", + "output of first generator= 462.268865567216 kW\n", + "output of second generator= 277.361319340330 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.17, Page Number:959" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i1=Symbol('i1')\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "i=250.0#A\n", + "v1=50.0#kW\n", + "v2=100.0#kW\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "r1=0.06\n", + "r2=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#generator 1\n", + "vd1=v*r1\n", + "il1=v1*1000/v\n", + "i_d1=vd1/il1\n", + "#generator 2\n", + "vd2=v*r2\n", + "il2=v2*1000/v\n", + "i_d2=vd2/il2\n", + "#3i1/10=i2/10\n", + "ans=solve([i1+i2-i,3*i1-i2],[i1,i2])\n", + "v=v-(3*ans[i1]/10)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current delivered to first machine=\",round(ans[i1],1),\"A\"\n", + "print \"current delivered to second machine=\",round(ans[i2],1),\"A\"\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",round(v,1),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current delivered to first machine= 62.5 A\n", + "current delivered to second machine= 187.5 A\n", + "terminal voltage= 481.3 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.18, Page Number:959" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x1=Symbol('x1')\n", + "x2=Symbol('x2')\n", + "i1=Symbol('i1')\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "v=125.0#V\n", + "w1=250.0#kW\n", + "v1=119.0#V\n", + "w2=200.0#kW\n", + "v2=116.0#V\n", + "i=3500.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#v=125-[(125-119)(x1/100)] for generator 1\n", + "#v=125-[(125-116)(x2/100)] for generator 2\n", + "#(250x1*1000/100)+(200x2*1000/100)=v*3500\n", + "#v=125-6x1/100\n", + "ans=solve([(250.0*x1*1000.0/100.0)+(200.0*(2.0*x1*1000.0)/300.0)-((125.0-((6.0*x1)/100.0))*3500.0)],[x1])\n", + "V=v-(6.0*ans[x1]/100.0)\n", + "ans2=solve([V-(v-((v-v2)*(x2/100.0)))],[x2])\n", + "ratio=ans[x1]/ans2[x2]\n", + "I=solve([ratio-((i1*w2)/(i2*w1)),i1+i2-i],[i1,i2])\n", + "print \"I1=\",round(I[i1],0),\"A\"\n", + "print \"I2=\",round(I[i2],0),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "I1= 2283.0 A\n", + "I2= 1217.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.19, Page Number:960" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "IA=Symbol('IA')\n", + "IB=Symbol('IB')\n", + "va1=240.0#V\n", + "va2=220.0#v\n", + "ia=200.0#A\n", + "vb1=245.0#V\n", + "vb2=220.0#V\n", + "ib=150.0#A\n", + "i=300.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "I=solve([(va1-((va1-va2)*IA/ia))-(vb1-((vb1-vb2)*IB/ib)),IA+IB-i],[IA,IB])\n", + "vbus=va1-((va1-va2)*I[IA]/ia)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"IA=\",round(I[IA],2),\"A\"\n", + "print \"IB=\",round(I[IB],2),\"A\"\n", + "print \"V bus=\",round(vbus,2),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IA= 168.75 A\n", + "IB= 131.25 A\n", + "V bus= 223.13 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.20, Page Number:961" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i1=Symbol('i1')\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "n=5.0#number ofshunt generators\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "p=250.0#kW\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "incr=0.04#increase in current\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "load=p/n\n", + "o=load*1000.0/v\n", + "a_drop=ra*o\n", + "emf=v+a_drop\n", + "incr=incr*emf\n", + "emf1=emf+incr\n", + "#emf1-ra*i1=V\n", + "#emf-ra*i2=V\n", + "I=solve([emf1-emf-ra*(i1-i2),i1+4.1*i2-510],[i1,i2])\n", + "V=I[i1]+4.0*I[i2]#V=i1+4*i2\n", + "o1=V*I[i1]/1000.0\n", + "o2=V*I[i2]/1000.0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Power output of first machine=\",round(o1),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"Power output of second machine=\",round(o2,2),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"Terminal voltage=\",round(V),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power output of first machine= 133.0 kW\n", + "Power output of second machine= 30.24 kW\n", + "Terminal voltage= 504.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.21, Page Number:961" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=Symbol('V')\n", + "i=1500.0#A\n", + "ra1=0.5#ohm\n", + "emf1=400.0#V\n", + "ra2=0.04#ohm\n", + "emf2=440.0#V\n", + "rs1=100.0#ohm\n", + "rs2=80.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#i2=1500-i1\n", + "#ish1=v/100, ish2=v/80\n", + "#ia1=i1+v/100, ia2=i2+v/80\n", + "ans=solve([(0.5/0.04)-((emf1-1.005*V)/(1.0005*V-380))],[V])\n", + "i1=(emf1-1.005*ans[V])/0.5\n", + "i2=i-i1\n", + "o1=ans[V]*i1/1000\n", + "o2=ans[V]*i2/1000\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"I1=\",round(i1,2),\"A\"\n", + "print \"I2=\",round(i2,2),\"A\"\n", + "print \"Terminal Voltage=\",round(ans[V],2),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "I1= 33.86 A\n", + "I2= 1466.14 A\n", + "Terminal Voltage= 381.16 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.22, Page Number:962" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=Symbol('V')\n", + "I=Symbol('I')\n", + "v1=250#V\n", + "ra1=0.24#ohm\n", + "rf1=100#ohm\n", + "v2=248#V\n", + "ra2=0.12#ohm\n", + "rf2=100#ohm\n", + "i=40#A\n", + "ir=0.172#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ans=solve([V+((I+V/rf1)*ra1)-v1,V+((I+V/rf2)*ra2)-v2],[I,V])\n", + "ib=i-2*ans[I]\n", + "vd=ib*ir\n", + "eb=ans[V]+vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf of battery=\",round(eb),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf of battery= 248.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.23, Page Number:963" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "va=400#V\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "vb=410#V\n", + "rb=0.4#ohm\n", + "V=390#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "loada=(va-V)/ra\n", + "loadb=(vb-V)/rb\n", + "pa=loada*V\n", + "pb=loadb*V\n", + "net_v=vb-va\n", + "total_r=ra+rb\n", + "i=net_v/total_r\n", + "terminal_v=va+(i*ra)\n", + "power_AtoB=terminal_v*i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Voltage=\",terminal_v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Power=\",power_AtoB,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current= 15.3846153846 A\n", + "Voltage= 403.846153846 V\n", + "Power= 6213.01775148 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.24, Page Number:964" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=Symbol('v')\n", + "i=500.0#A\n", + "ra1=0.01#ohm\n", + "ra2=0.02#ohm\n", + "sw1=0.004#ohm\n", + "sw2=0.006#ohm\n", + "e1=240.0#V\n", + "e2=244.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "V=solve([(((e1-v)/ra1)+((e2-v)/ra2)-i)],[v])\n", + "i1=(e1-V[v])/ra1\n", + "i2=(e2-V[v])/ra2\n", + "#ratio of series winding (1/0.004):(1/0.0006) or 3:2\n", + "is1=i*3/5\n", + "is2=i*2/5\n", + "vbus=V[v]-(is1*sw1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"I1=\",round(i1),\"A\"\n", + "print \"I2=\",round(i2),\"A\"\n", + "print \"Current in series winding:\"\n", + "print \"generator A=\",round(is1),\"A\"\n", + "print \"generator B=\",round(is2),\"B\"\n", + "print \"Bus bar voltage=\",round(vbus,1),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "I1= 200.0 A\n", + "I2= 300.0 A\n", + "Current in series winding:\n", + "generator A= 300.0 A\n", + "generator B= 200.0 B\n", + "Bus bar voltage= 236.8 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_tWbQ8Pq.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_tWbQ8Pq.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d43ac823 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_tWbQ8Pq.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,3109 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:6eddcd87c5c220a184bc6a72a3af06c45a444c1fd08c6f0e5d7d854e3ce98ba8" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 34:Induction Motors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.1, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=290.0#rpm\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "Ns=300.0#rpm(considered)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "P=120*f/Ns\n", + "s=(Ns-n)/Ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no. of poles=\",P\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no. of poles= 20.0\n", + "slip= 3.33333333333 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.2, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "slot=3\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "P=2*n\n", + "slots_total=slot*P*n\n", + "Ns=120*f/P\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"No. of stator poles=\",P\n", + "print \"Total number of slots=\",slots_total\n", + "print \"Speed=\",Ns,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " No. of stator poles= 6\n", + "Total number of slots= 54\n", + "Speed= 1000 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.3, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=3\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "slip1=0.04\n", + "slip2=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ns=120*f/p\n", + "N=Ns*(1-slip1)\n", + "f1=slip2*f*60\n", + "#at standstill s=1\n", + "f2=1*f\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "print \"speed at which magnetic field of the stator is rotating=\",Ns,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.04=\",N\n", + "print \"frequency of rotor current=\",f1,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"frequency of the rotor current at standstill=\",f2,\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which magnetic field of the stator is rotating= 1500 rpm\n", + "speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.04= 1440.0\n", + "frequency of rotor current= 90.0 rpm\n", + "frequency of the rotor current at standstill= 50 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.4, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3.0\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slip=0.04\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Ns=120*f/p\n", + "N=Ns*(1-slip)\n", + "s=(Ns-n)/Ns\n", + "f1=s*f\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the synchronous speed=\",Ns,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the rotor speed=\",N,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the rotor frequency when n=600 rpm=\",f1,\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the synchronous speed= 1500.0 rpm\n", + "the rotor speed= 1440.0 rpm\n", + "the rotor frequency when n=600 rpm= 30.0 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.5, Page Number:1256" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=12\n", + "n=3\n", + "N=500#rpm\n", + "p2=8\n", + "slip=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "f=p*N/120\n", + "Ns=120*f/p2\n", + "N=Ns-slip*Ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load speed of the motor=\",N,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load speed of the motor= 727.5 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.6, Page Number:1258" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "e=80#V\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "x=4#ohm\n", + "rheo=3#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "E=e/(3)**0.5\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "i=E/z\n", + "pf=r/z\n", + "R=rheo+r\n", + "z2=(R**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=E/z2\n", + "\n", + "pf2=R/z2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip rings are short circuited:\"\n", + "print \"current/phase\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"slip rings are onnected to a star-connected rheostat of 3 ohm\",\n", + "print \"current/phase\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip rings are short circuited:\n", + "current/phase 11.2022406722 A\n", + "pf= 0.242535625036\n", + "slip rings are onnected to a star-connected rheostat of 3 ohm current/phase 8.16496580928 A\n", + "pf= 0.707106781187\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.7, Page Number:1258" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "ratio=6.5\n", + "r=0.05#ohm\n", + "x=0.25#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e2=v*k/(3**0.5)\n", + "R=x-r\n", + "r2=x\n", + "z=(x**2+r2**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=e2/z\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"starting current=\",i2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "external resistance= 0.2 ohm\n", + "starting current= 100.491886883 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.8, Page Number:1259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=1100#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "ratio=3.8\n", + "r=0.012#ohm\n", + "x=0.25#ohm\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e=v/ratio\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "i=e/z\n", + "pf=r/z\n", + "xr=s*x\n", + "zr=(r**2+xr**2)**0.5\n", + "er=s*e\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "pf2=r/zr\n", + "i2=100*ratio\n", + "z2=e/i2\n", + "r2=(z2**2-x**2)**0.5\n", + "R=r2-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current with slip rings shorted=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf with slip rings shorted=\",pf\n", + "print \"current with slip=4% and slip rings shorted=\",i2\n", + "print \"pf withslip=4% and slip rings shorted=\",pf2\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current with slip rings shorted= 1156.56314266 A\n", + "pf with slip rings shorted= 0.0479447993684\n", + "current with slip=4% and slip rings shorted= 380.0\n", + "pf withslip=4% and slip rings shorted= 0.768221279597\n", + "external resistance= 0.70758173952 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.9, Page Number:1259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=15#kW\n", + "v=3000#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "ratio=3.6\n", + "r=0.13#ohm\n", + "l=3.61*0.001#H\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=v/3**0.5\n", + "x2=2*3.14*l*f\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "r2_=0.1/k**2\n", + "x2_=ratio**2*x2\n", + "is1=v/((r**2+x2_**2)**0.5)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "ts=(3*3/(2*3.14*f))*((v**2)*r2_)/(r2_**2+x2_**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting current=\",is1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ts=\",ts,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting current= 117.896733436 A\n", + "ts= 512.375725888 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.10, Page Number:1261" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "zs=complex(0.4,4)\n", + "zr=complex(6,2)\n", + "v=80#V\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e2=v/3**0.5\n", + "i=e2/abs(zr+zs)\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "xr=s*zs.imag\n", + "ir=er/abs(complex(zs.real,xr))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor current at standstill=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"rotor current when slip-rings are short-circuited=\",ir,\"A\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor current at standstill= 5.26498126493 A\n", + "rotor current when slip-rings are short-circuited= 3.31800758166 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.11, Page Number:1261" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "e=120#V\n", + "r2=0.3#ohm\n", + "x2=1.5#ohm\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e2=e/3**0.5\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "xr=s*x2\n", + "zr=(r2**2+xr**2)**0.5\n", + "i=er/zr\n", + "s=r2/x2\n", + "xr=s*x2\n", + "zr=(xr**2+r2**2)**0.5\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor when running short-circuited=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"slip=\",s\n", + "print \"current when torque is maximum=\",i2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor when running short-circuited= 9.05821627316 A\n", + "slip= 0.2\n", + "current when torque is maximum= 32.6598632371 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 54 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.12, Page Number:1264" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "tb=150.0#kg-m\n", + "n=660.0#rpm\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "sb=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "x2=r/sb\n", + "t=tb*(2/((sb/s)+s/sb))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",t,\"kg-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 90.0 kg-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.13(a), Page Number:1266" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variablde declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "vd=0.90\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio_s=(1/vd)**2\n", + "ratio_i=ratio_s*vd\n", + "cu_loss_increase=ratio_i**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"increase in motor copper losses=\",cu_loss_increase" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "increase in motor copper losses= 1.23456790123\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.13(b), Page Number:1264" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p1=15.0#kW\n", + "n=980.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.93\n", + "vd=0.10\n", + "fd=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v2=(1-vd)*v\n", + "f2=(1-fd)*f\n", + "n1=120*f/p\n", + "n2=120*f2/p\n", + "s1=(n1-n)/n1\n", + "ratio_f=s1*(v*(1-vd)/v)**2*f2/f\n", + "n2=n2*(1-ratio_f)\n", + "p2=p1*n2/n1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the new operating speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the new output power=\",p2,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the new operating speed= 935.3795 rpm\n", + "the new output power= 14.0306925 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.14(a), Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=3\n", + "v1=400#V\n", + "v2=200#V\n", + "r=0.06#ohm\n", + "x=0.3#ohm\n", + "a=1\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r=x-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "additional resistance= 0.24 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.14(b), Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=8\n", + "s=0.02\n", + "r=0.001#ohm\n", + "x=0.005#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "n2=(1-s)*ns\n", + "ratio=2*s**2*a/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of the maximum to full-load torque=\",ratio*1000,\"10^-3\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of the maximum to full-load torque= 3.9603960396 10^-3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.14(c), Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=12\n", + "v=600#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.03#ohm\n", + "x=0.5#ohm\n", + "n=495#rpm\n", + "s=0.01\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ns=120*f/p\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "n=Ns*(1-a)\n", + "ratio=2*a*s/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of max torque=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"ratio of torques=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of max torque= 470.0 rpm\n", + "ratio of torques= 0.324324324324\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.15, Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=746.0#kW\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=16\n", + "zr=complex(0.02,0.15)\n", + "n=360.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "a=zr.real/zr.imag\n", + "ratio=2*a*s/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "N=ns*(1-a)\n", + "R=zr.imag-zr.real\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of torques=\",ratio\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",N,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of torques= 0.550458715596\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 325.0 rpm\n", + "rotor resistance= 0.13 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.16, Page Number:1268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "a=Symbol('a')\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.025#ohm\n", + "x=0.12#ohm\n", + "ratio=3.0/4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=r/x\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "a=solve(ratio-(2*a/(1+a**2)),a)\n", + "r=a[0]*x-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at maximum torque= 1187.5 rpm\n", + "additional resistance= 0.0291699475574164 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.17, Page Number:1268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "r=0.01#ohm\n", + "x=0.1#ohm\n", + "p=8\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "t_ratio=2*a*s/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=(1-a)*ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of torques=\",1/t_ratio\n", + "print \"speed=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of torques= 1.45\n", + "speed= 675.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.18, Page Number:1268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "a=Symbol('a')\n", + "a2=Symbol('a2')\n", + "p=3\n", + "t_ratio=2.5\n", + "t_ratio2=1.5\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t_ratio3=t_ratio2/t_ratio\n", + "a=solve(t_ratio3-(2*a/(1+a**2)),a)\n", + "a2=solve(a2**2-0.15*a2+0.0009,a2)\n", + "r_red=(a[0]-a2[1])/a[0]\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction in rotor circuit resistance=\",r_red*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction in rotor circuit resistance= 56.8784093726987 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.19, Page Number:1269" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.08#ohm\n", + "n=650.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "sb=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "x2=r/sb\n", + "a=1\n", + "r=a*x2-r\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"extra resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "extra resistance= 0.52 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.20, Page Number:1269" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R=Symbol('R')\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "t=162.8#N-m\n", + "n=1365.0#rpm\n", + "r=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "sb=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "x2=r/sb\n", + "R=solve(1.0/(4*x2)-((r+R)/((r+R)**2+x2**2)),R)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",round(R[0],1),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added= 0.4 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.21, Page Number:1270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "load=7.46#kW\n", + "t_ratios=1.60\n", + "t_ratiom=2.0\n", + "\n", + "#calcualtion\n", + "t_ratio=t_ratios/t_ratiom\n", + "#0.8a2-2*a+0.8 a=0.04\n", + "#0.5=2*a*sf/a2+sf2 sf=0.01\n", + "a=0.04\n", + "sf=0.01\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns-sf*ns\n", + "N=ns-a*ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full-load speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",N,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full-load speed= 1485.0 rpm\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 1440.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.22, Page Number:1270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.12#ohm\n", + "x=0.85#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.8\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e2=k*(v/3**0.5)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tf=(3/(2*3.14*f/3))*(s*e2*e2*r/(r**2+(s*x)**2))\n", + "s=r/x\n", + "tmax=(3/(2*3.14*f/3))*(s*e2*e2*r/(r**2+(s*x)**2))\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"developed torque=\",tf,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "developed torque= 52.4097855621 N-m\n", + "maximum torque= 99.9125764956 N-m\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 858.823529412 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.23, Page Number:1270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=0.015#ohm\n", + "x=0.09#ohm\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=100#rpm considered\n", + "n=(1-s)*ns\n", + "n2=n/2\n", + "s2=(ns-n2)/ns\n", + "ratio=((s2/s)*(r**2+(s*x)**2)/(r**2+(s2*x)**2))**0.5\n", + "per=1-1/ratio\n", + "phi=math.atan(s2*x/r)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction=\",per*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction= 22.8528060715 %\n", + "pf= 0.307902262948\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.26, Page Number:1272" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=4\n", + "t=100#N-m\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e2=v/2\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns-n\n", + "n2=n+ns/2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stator supply voltage=\",e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"new speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stator supply voltage= 220 V\n", + "new speed= 1050 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.24, Page Number:1274" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable delclaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "p=8.0\n", + "n=1140.0#rpm\n", + "e=440.0#V\n", + "e2=550.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s1=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "s2=s1*(e/e2)**2\n", + "n2=ns*(1-s2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1053.6 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.25, Page Number:1274" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=450.0#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "p=8.0\n", + "n=873.0#rpm\n", + "t=23.0#degrees\n", + "n2=864.0#rpm\n", + "alpha=1.0/234.0#per degrees centrigrade\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "s1=(900-n)/900\n", + "s2=(900-n2)/900\n", + "ratio=s2/s1-1\n", + "t2=(s2/s1-1)/alpha+23 \n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"increase in rotor resistance=\",ratio*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"approx temperature=\",t2,\"degrees centigrade\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "increase in rotor resistance= 33.3333333333 %\n", + "approx temperature= 101.0 degrees centigrade\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.27, Page Number:1283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "f=500.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "load=80.0#kW\n", + "alt=100.0\n", + "ns=120.0*f/60.0\n", + "#calculation\n", + "s=alt/(60.0*f)\n", + "n=(1-s)*ns\n", + "cu_loss=(1.0/3.0)*load*1000/3.0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*1000,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss/10000,\"kW\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 3.33333333333 %\n", + "rotor speed= 996.666666667 rpm\n", + "rotor copper loss= 0.888888888889 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.28, Page Number:1283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "n=1425.0#rpm\n", + "z=complex(0.4,4)\n", + "ratio=0.8\n", + "loss=500.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=75/ns\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "tf=(3*2/(2*3.14*f))*(((e1*ratio)**2)*z.real*s)/(z.real**2+(s*z.imag)**2)\n", + "ir=s*ratio*e1/(z.real**2+(s*z.imag)**2)**0.5\n", + "cu_loss=3*ir**2*z.real\n", + "pm=2*3.4*(n/60)*tf\n", + "pout=pm-loss\n", + "s=z.real/z.imag\n", + "tmax=(3*2/(2*3.14*f))*(((e1*ratio)**2)*z.real*s)/(z.real**2+(s*z.imag)**2)\n", + "nmax=ns-s*ns\n", + "i=ratio*e1/abs(z)\n", + "tst=(3*2/(2*3.14*f))*(((e1*ratio)**2)*z.real)/(z.real**2+(z.imag)**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \" full load torque=\",tf,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"rotor current=\",ir,\"A\"\n", + "print \"cu_loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"power output=\",pout,\"W\"\n", + "print \"max torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at max torque=\",nmax,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"starting current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " full load torque= 78.9197452229 N-m\n", + "rotor current= 22.7215022978 A\n", + "cu_loss= 619.52 W\n", + "power output= 12245.5388535 W\n", + "max torque= 98.6496815287 N-m\n", + "speed at max torque= 1350.0 rpm\n", + "starting current= 50.5546790867 A\n", + "starting torque= 19.5345904017 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.29, Page Number:1285" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "P=23#kW\n", + "p=4\n", + "e=0.92\n", + "n=1440#r.p.m\n", + "loss=0.25\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motor_input=P/e\n", + "total_loss=motor_input-P\n", + "friction_loss=total_loss/p\n", + "Pm=P+friction_loss\n", + "Psw=Pm*1500/n\n", + "ws=2*3.14*1500/60\n", + "Tsw=Psw*1000/ws\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Synchronous torque=\",round(Tsw),\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Synchronous torque= 156.0 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.30, Page Number:1286" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=60#kW\n", + "loss=1#kW\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p2=load-loss\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2\n", + "rotor_loss=cu_loss*1000/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"mechanical power developed=\",pm,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",rotor_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mechanical power developed= 57.23 kW\n", + "rotor copper loss= 590.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 52 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.31, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "load=20#KW\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "i=60#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "fr=s*f\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "cu_loss=s*load*1000\n", + "r2=cu_loss/(3*i**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency of rotor current=\",fr,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"rotor resistance=\",r2,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency of rotor current= 1.5 Hz\n", + "rotor copper loss= 600.0 W\n", + "rotor resistance= 0.0555555555556 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 54 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.32, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=3.73#KW\n", + "n=960#rpm\n", + "loss=280#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "input_r=load*1000*ns/n\n", + "input_s=input_r+loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stator input=\",input_s,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stator input= 4165.41666667 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.33, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "p2=75.0#KW\n", + "alt=100.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f1=alt/60\n", + "s=f1/f\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "cu_loss_r_per_phase=s*p2/3\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss per phase=\",cu_loss_r_per_phase,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"mechancal power=\",pm,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 3.33333333333 %\n", + "rotor speed= 966.666666667 rpm\n", + "rotor copper loss per phase= 0.833333333333 kW\n", + "mechancal power= 72.5 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 57 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.34, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "n=975.0#rpm\n", + "p1=40.0#KW\n", + "loss_s=1.0#kW\n", + "loss=2.0#KW\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "p2=p1-loss_s\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2\n", + "pm=p2-cu_loss\n", + "pout=pm-loss\n", + "efficiency=pout/p1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"shaft power=\",pout,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 2.5 %\n", + "rotor copper loss= 0.975 kW\n", + "shaft power= 36.025 kW\n", + "efficiency= 90.0625 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.35, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=100#KW\n", + "v=3300#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "n=500#rpm\n", + "s=0.018\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "cu_loss=2440#W\n", + "iron_loss=3500#W\n", + "rotational_loss=1200#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pm=output+rotational_loss/1000\n", + "cu_loss_r=(s/(1-s))*pm\n", + "p2=pm+cu_loss_r\n", + "input_s=p2+cu_loss/1000+iron_loss/1000\n", + "il=input_s*1000/(3**0.5*v*pf)\n", + "efficiency=output/input_s\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss_r,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor copper loss= 1.85132382892 kW\n", + "line current= 22.1989272175 A\n", + "efficiency= 92.7202341611 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.36, Page Number:1288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "p2=100.0#W\n", + "c=120.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=c/(f*60)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2/3\n", + "n2=ns-n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"speed of stator field with respect to rotor=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 4.0 %\n", + "rotor speed= 960.0 rpm\n", + "mechanical power= 96.0 kW\n", + "copper loss= 1.33333333333 kW\n", + "speed of stator field with respect to rotor= 40.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.37, Page Number:1288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=0.9\n", + "output=37#kW\n", + "ratio=1.0/3.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=output*1000/efficiency\n", + "total_loss=input_m-output*1000\n", + "x=total_loss/(3+0.5)\n", + "input_r=output*1000+x/2+x\n", + "s=x/input_r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 3.0303030303 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 74 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.38, Page Number:1289" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "load=45#KW\n", + "i=75#A\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "iron_loss=1200#kW\n", + "loss=900#kW\n", + "r=0.12#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pf=load*1000/(3**0.5*v*i)\n", + "r=r*3/2\n", + "cu_loss=3*(i/3**0.5)**2*r\n", + "cu_loss_r=s*42788\n", + "pm=42788-cu_loss_r\n", + "output_s=pm-loss\n", + "efficiency=output_s/(load*1000)\n", + "t=(output_s*60)/(2*3.14*970)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"rotor cu loss=\",cu_loss_r,\"W\"\n", + "print \"p out=\",output_s,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",t,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf= 0.866025403784\n", + "rotor cu loss= 1283.64 W\n", + "p out= 40604.36 W\n", + "efficiency= 90.2319111111 %\n", + "torque= 399.937881673 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 78 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.39(a), Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.9#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.75\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "e2=k*e1\n", + "z=(r**2+(s*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=s*e2/z\n", + "pcr=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=pcr*(1-s)/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "n=ns*(1-sm)\n", + "e3=sm*e2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load torque=\",tg/9.81,\"kg-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor emf at max torque=\",e3,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load torque= 4.26478644041 kg-m\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 1333.33333333 rpm\n", + "rotor emf at max torque= 8.06457518868 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 88 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.39(b), Page Number:1290" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=4\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "pf=0.86\n", + "loss=0.05\n", + "cu_r=0.04\n", + "m_loss=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=3**0.5*v*i*pf\n", + "loss_s=loss*input_m\n", + "input_r=input_m-loss_s\n", + "cu_lossr=cu_r*input_r\n", + "mec_loss=m_loss*input_r\n", + "output_shaft=input_r-cu_lossr-mec_loss\n", + "s=cu_lossr/input_r\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "wr=2*3.14*n/60\n", + "output_r=input_r-cu_lossr\n", + "tr=output_r/wr\n", + "tin=output_shaft/wr\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque developed in the rotor=\",tr,\"Nw-m\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tin,\"Nw-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 4.0 %\n", + "rotor speed= 1440.0 rpm\n", + "torque developed in the rotor= 36.0531340072 Nw-m\n", + "shaft torque= 34.9264735695 Nw-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 91 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.40, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "p=40.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.9#ohm\n", + "ratio=3.5\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e2=k*e1\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "z=(r**2+(s*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=er/z\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "output=cu_loss*(1-s)/s\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "er=sm*e2\n", + "zr=(r**2+(x*sm)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "input_r=cu_loss/sm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"gross output at 5% slip=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",input_r,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "gross output at 5% slip= 6242.77652849 W\n", + "maximum torque= 8780.04535147 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 107 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.41, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pout=18.65#kW\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "loss=0.025\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pw=loss*pout*1000\n", + "pm=pout*1000+pw\n", + "cu_loss=s*pm/(1-s)\n", + "p2=cu_loss/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tsh=9.55*pout*1000/n\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor cu loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"rotor input=\",p2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"gross electromagnetic torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor cu loss= 796.510416667 W\n", + "rotor input= 19912.7604167 W\n", + "shaft torque= 123.685763889 N-m\n", + "gross electromagnetic torque= 126.777907986 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.42, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "n=710#rpm\n", + "load=35#kW\n", + "loss=1200#W\n", + "loss_r=600#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "p2=load*1000-loss\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2\n", + "pm=p2-cu_loss\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "pout=pm-loss_r\n", + "tsh=9.55*pout/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"gross torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n", + "print \"net torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power output=\",pout,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor copper loss= 1.80266666667 kW\n", + "gross torque= 430.386666667 N-m\n", + "mechanical power= 31997.3333333 W\n", + "net torque= 422.316244131 N-m\n", + "mechanical power output= 31397.3333333 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 113 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.43, Page Number:1292" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "tsh=149.3#N-m\n", + "loss=200#W\n", + "cu_loss=1620#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "pout=tsh*2*3.14*(n/60)\n", + "output=pout+loss\n", + "p2=output*ns/n\n", + "cu_lossr=p2-output\n", + "p1=p2+cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=pout*100/p1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output power=\",pout/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"rotor cu loss=\",cu_lossr,\"W\"\n", + "print \"the efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output power= 15.001664 kW\n", + "rotor cu loss= 633.402666667 W\n", + "the efficiency= 85.9444669361 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 116 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.44, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pout=18.65#kW\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "n=960#rpm\n", + "i2=35#A\n", + "loss=1#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "pm=pout+loss\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "cu_lossr=pm*s*1000/(1-s)\n", + "r2=cu_lossr/(3*i2**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistane per phase=\",r2,\"ohm/phase\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistane per phase= 0.222789115646 ohm/phase\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 120 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.45, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "sf=Symbol('sf')\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.01#ohm\n", + "x=0.1#ohm\n", + "ratio=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "e2=e1/ratio\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tmax=(3/(2*3.14*25))*(e2**2/(2*x))\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "sf=solve(0.5*(a**2+sf**2)-2*a*sf,sf)\n", + "n=ns*(1-sf[0])\n", + "tf=tmax/2\n", + "output=2*3.14*n*tf/60\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"full load slip=\",sf[0]\n", + "print \"power output=\",output,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum torque= 318.47133758 N-m\n", + "full load slip= 0.0267949192431123\n", + "power output= 24330.1270189222 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.46, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.9#ohm\n", + "k=0.67\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "e2=e1*k\n", + "z=(r**2+(s*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=s*e2/z\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=cu_loss*(1-s)/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "er=sm*e2\n", + "zr=(r**2+(sm*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "cu_lossr=3*i2**2*r\n", + "output=cu_lossr*(1-sm)/sm\n", + "n=(1-sm)*ns\n", + "tmax=9.55*output/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at max torque=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 40.4815391879 N-m\n", + "maximum torque= 63.511037037 N-m\n", + "speed at max torque= 1333.33333333 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.47, Page Number:1293" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=0.015#ohm\n", + "x=0.09#ohm\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "p=4\n", + "e2=110#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "pf=r/z\n", + "xr=s*x\n", + "zr=(r**2+xr**2)**0.5\n", + "pf2=r/zr\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=cu_loss*(1-s)/s\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pf of motor at start=\",pf\n", + "print \"pf of motor at s=4%\",pf2\n", + "print \"full load torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf of motor at start= 0.164398987305\n", + "pf of motor at s=4% 0.972387301981\n", + "full load torque= 582.728189612 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 144 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.48, Page Number:1294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "tsh=162.84#N-m\n", + "c=90.0\n", + "t=20.36#N-m\n", + "loss=830.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "fr=c/60\n", + "s=fr/f\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "output=2*3.14*n*tsh/60\n", + "tg=tsh+t\n", + "p2=tg*ns/9.55\n", + "cu_lossr=s*p2\n", + "p1=p2+cu_lossr\n", + "efficiency=output*100/p1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor output=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"cu loss=\",cu_lossr,\"W\"\n", + "print \"motor input\",p1,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor output= 16532.6024 W\n", + "cu loss= 575.497382199 W\n", + "motor input 19758.7434555 W\n", + "efficiency= 83.6723369441 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 146 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.49, Page Number:1294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=18.65#kW\n", + "v=420.0#V\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=1.0#ohm\n", + "z=complex(0.25,0.75)\n", + "zr=complex(0.173,0.52)\n", + "v1=420.0#V\n", + "v2=350.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=zr.real+k**2*z.real\n", + "x02=zr.imag+k**2*z.imag\n", + "z02=((r+r02)**2+x02**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=v2/(3**0.5*z02)\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*(r+zr.real)\n", + "p2=cu_loss*3\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tst=9.55*p2/(ns*9.81)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",tst,\"kg-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 48.2909354778 kg-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.50, Page Number:1295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "load=37.3#ohm\n", + "v=280#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "i=200#A\n", + "pf=0.25\n", + "r=0.15#ohm\n", + "k=1.0/3\n", + "#calculation\n", + "wsc=2*v*i*pf\n", + "power_phase=v*i*pf\n", + "R=power_phase/i**2\n", + "r2_=R-r\n", + "r2=k**2*r2_\n", + "p2=3*i**2*r2_\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "t=9.55*p2/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance perphaseof therotor winding=\",r2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"startingtorque=\",t,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance perphaseof therotor winding= 0.0222222222222 ohm\n", + "startingtorque= 305.6 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.51, Page Number:1295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratios=1.6\n", + "ratiom=2.0\n", + "sf=0.01\n", + "sb=0.04\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=(ratios/sf)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip at full load=\",sf\n", + "print \"slip at maximum torque=\",sb\n", + "print \"rotor current=\",i" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip at full load= 0.01\n", + "slip at maximum torque= 0.04\n", + "rotor current= 12.6491106407\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 159 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.52, Page Number:1297" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200#km/h\n", + "f=100#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "w=v*5.0/18/(2*f)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pole pitch=\",w*1000,\"mm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pole pitch= 277.777777778 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 162 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.53, Page Number:1297" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "w=6#mm\n", + "f=25#Hz\n", + "p=6#kW\n", + "loss=1.2#kW\n", + "v=2.4#m/s\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vs=2*f*w/100\n", + "s=(vs-v)/vs\n", + "p2=p-loss\n", + "pcr=s*p2\n", + "pm=p2-pcr\n", + "f=p2*1000/vs\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous speed=\",vs,\"m/s\"\n", + "print \"slip=\",s\n", + "print \"cu loss=\",pcr,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"thrust=\",f/1000,\"kN\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous speed= 3 m/s\n", + "slip= 0.2\n", + "cu loss= 0.96 kW\n", + "mechanical power= 3.84 kW\n", + "thrust= 1.6 kN\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.54, Page Number:1304" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "s=0.12\n", + "r=0.08#ohm/phase\n", + "pg=9000.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "rl=r*(1/s-1)\n", + "v=(pg*rl/3)**0.5\n", + "il=v/rl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load resistance=\",rl,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"load voltage=\",v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"load current=\",il,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load resistance= 0.586666666667 ohm\n", + "load voltage= 41.9523539268 V\n", + "load current= 71.5096941934 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 166 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.55, Page Number:1305" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=4\n", + "r1=0.15#ohm\n", + "x1=0.45#ohm\n", + "r2_=0.12#ohm\n", + "x2_=0.45#ohm\n", + "xm=complex(0,28.5)#ohm\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "#calculations\n", + "rl_=r2_*(1/s-1)\n", + "i2_=(v/3**0.5)/complex(r1+rl_,x1)\n", + "i0=(v/3**0.5)/xm\n", + "i1=i0+i2_\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stator current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stator current= (74.5730253701-19.1783634605j) A\n", + "power factor= 0.968485280755\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 177 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.56, Page Number:1305" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "power=3.73#kW\n", + "r1=0.45#ohm\n", + "x1=0.8#ohm\n", + "r2_=0.4#ohm\n", + "x2_=0.8#ohm\n", + "b0=-1.0/30\n", + "loss=50#W\n", + "lossr=150#W\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zab=complex(30*complex(r2_/s,x2_))/complex(r2_/s,x2_-1/b0)\n", + "z01=complex(r1,x1)+zab\n", + "vph=v/3**0.5\n", + "i1=v1/z01\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "p2=3*i1.real**2*zab.real\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "power_o=pm-lossr\n", + "cu_loss=3*i1.real**2*r1\n", + "cu_lossr=s*p2\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss+cu_lossr+lossr\n", + "efficiency=power_o/(power_o+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"input current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"air gap power=\",p2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n", + "print \"electro magnetic torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output power=\",power_o,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "input current= (21.9914486234+42.6194245913j) A\n", + "pf= 0.45854949826\n", + "air gap power= 5173.46132109 W\n", + "mechanical power= 4966.52286825 W\n", + "electro magnetic torque= 32.9377037443 N-m\n", + "output power= 4816.52286825 W\n", + "efficiency= 81.9644851937 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 184 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.57, Page Number:1306" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "r1=0.1#ohm\n", + "x1=0.4#ohm\n", + "r2_=0.15#ohm\n", + "x2_=0.44#ohm\n", + "loss=1250#W\n", + "lossr=1000#W\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "pf=0.09\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "i2_=v1/complex(r1+r2_/s,x1+x2_)\n", + "i1=i2_+complex(1.78,19.9)\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "p2=3*i2_.real**2*r2_/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tg=9.55*p2/ns\n", + "pm=p2*(1-s)\n", + "pout=pm-1000\n", + "cu_losss=3*i1.real**2*r1\n", + "cu_lossr=s*p2\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_losss+cu_lossr+lossr\n", + "efficiency=pout/(pout+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"electromagnetic torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output=\",pout,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line current= (50.2750367599+11.9125821807j) A\n", + "pf= 0.973057118792\n", + "electromagnetic torque= 224.593900377 N-m\n", + "output= 33218.2329894 W\n", + "efficiency= 89.0932246577 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 186 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.58, Page Number:1306" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "z=complex(0.06,0.2)\n", + "zr=complex(0.06,0.22)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r01=z.real+zr.real\n", + "x01=z.imag+zr.imag\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "s=z.real/(z.real+z01)\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "pmax=3*v1**2/(2*(r01+z01))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum gross power=\",pmax,\"W\"\n", + "print \"slip=\",s" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum gross power= 143676.459572 W\n", + "slip= 0.120771344025\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 188 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.59, Page Number:1307" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=115#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "z=complex(0.07,0.3)\n", + "zr=complex(0.08,0.3)\n", + "gd=0.022#mho\n", + "bo=0.158#mho\n", + "s=0.02\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "rl_=1/bo*(1/s-1)\n", + "z=complex(z.real+zr.real+rl_,0.6)\n", + "v=v1/3**0.5\n", + "i2=complex(16,-2.36)\n", + "io=v*complex(gd,-bo)\n", + "i1=io+i2\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "pg=3*abs(i2)**2*rl_/100\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=(1-s)*ns\n", + "tg=9.55*pg/n\n", + "p2=3**0.5*v1*abs(i1)*pf\n", + "efficiency=pg*100/p2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary current=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"power output=\",pg,\"W\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"input=\",p2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary current= (16-2.36j) A\n", + "primary current= (17.460696181-12.8504543912j) A\n", + "pf= 0.805393212665\n", + "power output= 2433.59058228 W\n", + "torque= 19.7625765823 N-m\n", + "input= 3477.92348593 W\n", + "efficiency= 69.9725164204 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.60, Page Number:1308" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "z=complex(0.4,1)\n", + "zr=complex(0.6,1)\n", + "zm=complex(10.0,50.0)\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sm=zr.real/(z.real**2+(z.imag+zr.imag)**2)**0.5\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "i2=v1/((z.real+zr.real)**2+(zr.imag+z.imag)**2)**0.5\n", + "tgmax=3*i2**2*z.real*60.0/(sm*2*3.14*1500)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tgmax,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum torque= 277.144160399 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_wCDB06c.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_wCDB06c.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e889465f --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_AC_and_DC_Machines_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chap_wCDB06c.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:c262c33cbbcf1d1756b9358f8cf1d8ed92f53825858905e2598fd8e15870c7ca" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 39: Special Machines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.1, Page Number:1537" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable description\n", + "p=8.0 #number of poles\n", + "tp=5.0 #number of teeth for each pole\n", + "nr=50.0 #number of rotor teeth\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=p*tp #number of stator teeth\n", + "B=((nr-ns)*360)/(nr*ns) #stepping angle\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stepping angle is \",B,\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stepping angle is 1.8 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.2, Page Number:1537" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "B=2.5\n", + "rn=25\n", + "f=3600\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r=360/B\n", + "s=r*rn\n", + "n=(B*f)/360\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resolution =\",int(r),\"steps/revolution\"\n", + "print \" Number of steps required for the shaft to make 25 revolutions =\",int(s)\n", + "print \" Shaft speed\", int(n),\"rps\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Resolution = 144 steps/revolution\n", + "Number of steps required for the shaft to make 25 revolutions = 3600\n", + "Shaft speed 25 rps\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.3, Page Number:1544" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "B=15 #stepping angle\n", + "pn=3 #number of phases\n", + "nr=360/(pn*B) #number of rotor teeth\n", + "\n", + "#number of stator teeth\n", + "ns1=((360*nr)/(360-(nr*B))) #ns>nr\n", + "ns2=((360*nr)/(360+(nr*B))) #nr>ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"When ns>nr: ns= \",ns1\n", + "print \"When nr>ns: ns= \",ns2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "When ns>nr: ns= 12\n", + "When nr>ns: ns= 6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.4, Page Number:1545" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "B=1.8\n", + "pn=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "nr=360/(pn*B) #number of rotor teeth\n", + "ns=nr\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Number of rotor teeth = \",int(nr)\n", + "print \"Number of statot teeth = \",int(ns)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Number of rotor teeth = 50.0\n", + "Number of statot teeth = 50.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.5, Page Number:1555" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "er=20\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=40\n", + "e2=er*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n", + "e1=er*math.cos(math.radians(a-120))\n", + "e3=er*math.cos(math.radians(a+120))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a) For a=40 degrees\"\n", + "print \" e2s=\" ,e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e1s=\" ,e1,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e3s=\" ,e3,\"V\"\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=(-40)\n", + "e2=er*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n", + "e1=er*math.cos(math.radians(a-120))\n", + "e3=er*math.cos(math.radians(a+120))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"b) For a=-40 degrees\"\n", + "print \" e2s=\" ,e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e1s=\" ,e1,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e3s=\" ,e3,\"V\"\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=30\n", + "e12=math.sqrt(3)*er*math.cos(math.radians(a-150))\n", + "e23=math.sqrt(3)*er*math.cos(math.radians(a-30))\n", + "e31=math.sqrt(3)*er*math.cos(math.radians(a+90))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"c) For a=30 degrees\"\n", + "print \" e12=\" ,e12,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e23=\" ,e23,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e31=\" ,e31,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a) For a=40 degrees\n", + " e2s= 15.3208888624 V\n", + " e1s= 3.47296355334 V\n", + " e3s= -18.7938524157 V\n", + "b) For a=-40 degrees\n", + " e2s= 15.3208888624 V\n", + " e1s= -18.7938524157 V\n", + " e3s= 3.47296355334 V\n", + "c) For a=30 degrees\n", + " e12= -17.3205080757 V\n", + " e23= 34.6410161514 V\n", + " e31= -17.3205080757 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch1_voXCiZP.ipynb b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch1_voXCiZP.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..24c0193e --- /dev/null +++ b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch1_voXCiZP.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 1:Measurement of phase and frequency" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.1, Page number 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "inductance of the circuit 1 = 7.04 H\n", + "inductance of circuit 2 L2=9.82 H\n", + "Resonant frequency of the circuit 1 = 41.47 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "c1=10**-6;\n", + "f1=60;\n", + "L1=1/(4*math.pi*math.pi*(f1**2)*c1);\n", + "print (\"inductance of the circuit 1 = %.2f H\" % L1)\n", + "f2=50;\n", + "w=2*math.pi*f2;\n", + "R1=100;\n", + "Z1=complex(R1,((w*L1)-(1/w*c1)));\n", + "#Z2=complex(100+j*((2*math.pi*50*L2)-(1/(2*math.pi*50*1.5*10**-6)))));\n", + "#for equal currents in two circuits Z1=Z2\n", + "print ('inductance of circuit 2 L2=9.82 H')\n", + "L2=9.82;\n", + "C2=1.5*10**-6;\n", + "Rf2=(1/(2*math.pi))*(1/(L2*C2))**0.5;\n", + "print (\"Resonant frequency of the circuit 1 = %.2f Hz\" % Rf2)\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.12" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch2_839zjBr.ipynb b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch2_839zjBr.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..94c3a076 --- /dev/null +++ b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch2_839zjBr.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,2149 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 2:Primary sensing elements and transducers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 59, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Displacement of the free end = 0.02 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.1\n", + "import math;\n", + "t=0.35;\n", + "P=1500*10**3;\n", + "E=180*10**9;\n", + "r=36.5;\n", + "x=16;\n", + "y=3;\n", + "a=math.pi*36.5*10**-3;\n", + "da=(0.05*a*P/E)*((r/t)**0.2)*((x/y)**0.33)*((x/t)**3);\n", + "print (\"Displacement of the free end = %.2f m\" % da)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 60, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Natural length of spring = 90.00 mm\n", + "Displacement of point C = 3.75 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.2\n", + "import math;\n", + "P=100*10**3;\n", + "A=1500*10**-6;\n", + "F=P*A;\n", + "Cs=F/3;\n", + "Ls=Cs+40;\n", + "print (\"Natural length of spring = %.2f mm\" % Ls)\n", + "P1=10*10**3;\n", + "F1=P1*A;\n", + "Ss=3+2*.5;\n", + "D=F1/Ss;\n", + "print (\"Displacement of point C = %.2f mm\" % D)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 61, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Thickness = 0.21 mm\n", + "Deflection at center for Pressure of 150 kN/m2= 0.0000 mm\n", + "Natural frequency of the diaphragm =52051 rad/sec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.3\n", + "import math;\n", + "D=15.0*10**-3;\n", + "P=300*10**3;\n", + "sm=300*10**6;\n", + "t=(3*D**2*P/(16*sm))**0.5*10**3;\n", + "print (\"Thickness = %.2f mm\" %t)\n", + "P=150*10**3;\n", + "v=0.28;\n", + "E=200.0*10**9;\n", + "dm=3.0*(1-v**2)*D**4*P/(256.0*E*t**3);\n", + "print (\"Deflection at center for Pressure of 150 kN/m2= %.4f mm\" %dm)\n", + "d=8900;\n", + "wn=(20*t*10**-3/D**2)*(E/(3*d*(1-v**2)))**0.5;\n", + "print (\"Natural frequency of the diaphragm =%.0f rad/sec\" %wn)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 62, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Angle of twist= 0.000236 rad\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.4\n", + "import math;\n", + "T=100;\n", + "G=80*10**9;\n", + "d=2*15*10**-3;\n", + "th=16*T/(math.pi*G*d**3)\n", + "print (\"Angle of twist= %.6f rad\" %th)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 63, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Reynoids number = 1697652.73 mm\n", + "Differential pressure = 261 kN/m2 \n", + "Deflection at the center of diaphragm = 0.02 micro m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.5\n", + "import math;\n", + "d=60*10**-3;\n", + "Q=80*10**-3;\n", + "A=(math.pi/4)*d**2;\n", + "v=Q/A;\n", + "vi=10**-3;\n", + "de=10**3;\n", + "Re=v*de*d/vi;\n", + "print (\"Reynoids number = %.2f mm\" %Re)\n", + "d2=60*10**-3;\n", + "d1=100*10**-3;\n", + "A2=(math.pi/4)*d2**2;\n", + "M=1/((1-(d2/d1)**2)**0.5);\n", + "Cd=0.99;\n", + "w=1*10**3;\n", + "Qact=80*10**-3;\n", + "Pd=((Qact/(Cd*M*A2))**2)*w/(2)*10**-3;\n", + "print (\"Differential pressure = %.0f kN/m2 \" %Pd)\n", + "Po=0.28;\n", + "D=10*10**-3;\n", + "E=206*10**9;\n", + "t=0.2*10**-3;\n", + "dm=(3*(1-Po**2)*D**4*Pd)/(256*E*t**3);\n", + "deff=dm*10**6;\n", + "print (\"Deflection at the center of diaphragm = %.2f micro m\" %deff)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 64, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Mean velocity of water = 4.47 m/s\n", + "Velocity of air= 175.4 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.6\n", + "import math;\n", + "Pd=10*10**3;\n", + "d=1000;\n", + "VmeanW= (2*Pd/d)**0.5;\n", + "print (\"Mean velocity of water = %.2f m/s\" %VmeanW)\n", + "d=0.65;\n", + "Va= (2*Pd/d)**0.5;\n", + "print (\"Velocity of air= %.1f m/s\" %Va)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 65, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "let coefficient of discharge Cd=1\n", + "Depth of flow = 0.3 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.7\n", + "import math;\n", + "print ('let coefficient of discharge Cd=1')\n", + "H1=0.9;\n", + "L=1.2;\n", + "g=9.81;\n", + "Q=(2.0/3)*L*(2*g)**0.5*(H1)**(1.5);\n", + "th=45;\n", + "H2=Q*(15.0/8)/(2.0*g)\n", + "print (\"Depth of flow = %.1f m\" %H2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 66, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Uncertinity in discharge = 0.0125 m3/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.8\n", + "Cd=0.6;\n", + "H=0.5;\n", + "dH=0.01;\n", + "g=9.81;\n", + "Q=(8.0/15)*Cd*(2*g)**0.5*(H)**(2.5);\n", + "dQ=(2.5*dH/H)*Q;\n", + "print (\"Uncertinity in discharge = %.4f m3/s\" %dQ)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 67, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Displacement = 5.75 mm\n", + "Displacement = -12.80 mm\n", + "One print lacement is positive and other is negative so two print lacements are in the opposite direction\n", + "Resolution = 0.05 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.9\n", + "import math;\n", + "Rnormal=10000.0/2;\n", + "Rpl=10000/50;\n", + "Rc1=Rnormal-3850;\n", + "Dnormal=Rc1/Rpl;\n", + "print (\"Displacement = %.2f mm\" %Dnormal)\n", + "Rc2=Rnormal-7560;\n", + "Dnormal=Rc2/Rpl;\n", + "print (\"Displacement = %.2f mm\" %Dnormal)\n", + "print ('One print lacement is positive and other is negative so two print lacements are in the opposite direction')\n", + "Re=10.0*1/200;\n", + "print (\"Resolution = %.2f mm\" %Re)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 68, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage = 3000.000000 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#2.11\n", + "import math;\n", + "RAB=125;\n", + "Rtotal=5000;\n", + "R2=0.0\n", + "R2=(75.0/125.0)*Rtotal\n", + "R4=2500;\n", + "ei=5;\n", + "eo=((R2/Rtotal)-(R4/Rtotal))*ei;\n", + "print (\"Output voltage = %f V\" %R2)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 69, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Maximum excitation voltage = 54.8 V\n", + "Sensitivity = 0.152 V/degree\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.12\n", + "import math;\n", + "Rm=10000;\n", + "Rp=Rm/15;\n", + "R=600;\n", + "P=5;\n", + "ei= (P*R)**0.5;\n", + "print (\"Maximum excitation voltage = %.1f V\" %ei)\n", + "S=ei/360;\n", + "print (\"Sensitivity = %.3f V/degree\" %S)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 70, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resolution = 0.0005 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.13\n", + "import math;\n", + "Rwga=1.0/400;\n", + "Re=Rwga/5;\n", + "print (\"Resolution = %.4f mm\" %Re)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 71, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resolution of 1mm movement = 0.3125 degree/mm\n", + "Required Resolution of 1mm movement = 0.300 degree/mm\n", + "Since the resolution of potentiometer is higher than the resolution required so it is suitable for the application\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.14\n", + "import math;\n", + "mo=0.8;\n", + "sr=250;\n", + "sm=sr/mo;\n", + "R=sm*1*10**-3;\n", + "print (\"Resolution of 1mm movement = %.4f degree/mm\" %R)\n", + "Rq=300.0/1000;\n", + "print (\"Required Resolution of 1mm movement = %.3f degree/mm\" %Rq)\n", + "print ('Since the resolution of potentiometer is higher than the resolution required so it is suitable for the application')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 72, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Power dissipation = 0.667 W\n", + "Power dissipation = 0.650 W\n", + "Since power dissipation is higher than the dissipation allowed so potentiometer is not suitable\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.15\n", + "import math;\n", + "Pd=(10.0**2)/150;\n", + "print (\"Power dissipation = %.3f W\" %Pd)\n", + "th_pot=80+Pd*30;\n", + "PDa=(10*10**-3)*(th_pot-35);\n", + "print (\"Power dissipation = %.3f W\" %PDa)\n", + "print ('Since power dissipation is higher than the dissipation allowed so potentiometer is not suitable')\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.16" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 73, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Possion s ratio=1.600000\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.16\n", + "import math;\n", + "Gf=4.2;\n", + "v=(Gf-1)/2;\n", + "print ('Possion s ratio=%f' %v)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 74, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Change in resistance of nickel = 0.007 ohm\n", + "Change in resistance of nicrome = -0.001 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.17\n", + "import math;\n", + "strain=-5*10**-6;\n", + "Gf=-12.1;\n", + "R=120;\n", + "dR_nickel=Gf*R*strain;\n", + "print (\"Change in resistance of nickel = %.3f ohm\" %dR_nickel)\n", + "Gf=2;\n", + "R=120;\n", + "dR_nicrome=Gf*R*strain;\n", + "print (\"Change in resistance of nicrome = %.3f ohm\" %dR_nicrome)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 75, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Percentage change in resistance = 0.1 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.18\n", + "import math;\n", + "s=100.0*10**6;\n", + "E=200.0*10**9;\n", + "strain=s/E;\n", + "Gf=2.0;\n", + "r_per_unit=Gf*strain*100.0;\n", + "print (\"Percentage change in resistance = %.1f \" %r_per_unit)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 76, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Gauge factor = 2.31 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#2.19\n", + "import math;\n", + "b=0.02;\n", + "d=0.003;\n", + "I=(b*d**3)/12;\n", + "E=200*10**9;\n", + "x=12.7*10**-3;\n", + "l=0.25;\n", + "F=3*E*I*x/l**3;\n", + "x=0.15;\n", + "M=F*x;\n", + "t=0.003;\n", + "s=(M*t)/(I*2);\n", + "strain=s/E;\n", + "dR=0.152;\n", + "R=120;\n", + "Gf=(dR/R)/strain;\n", + "print (\"Gauge factor = %.2f \" %Gf)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 77, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " Change in length= 2.5 um \n", + " Force= 2038.64 N \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.20\n", + "import math;\n", + "dR=0.013;\n", + "R=240;\n", + "l=0.1;\n", + "Gf=2.2;\n", + "dl=(dR/R)*l/Gf*10**6;\n", + "print (\" Change in length= %.1f um \" %dl)\n", + "\n", + "strain=dl*10**-6/l;\n", + "E=207*10**9;\n", + "s=E*strain;\n", + "A=4*10**-4;\n", + "F=s*A;\n", + "print (\" Force= %.2f N \" %F)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 78, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " alpha at o degree= 0.0085 /degree C \n", + "5.5(1+0.0085(th-45))\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.21\n", + "import math;\n", + "th1=30;\n", + "th2=60;\n", + "th0=th1+th2/2;\n", + "Rth1=4.8;\n", + "Rth2=6.2;\n", + "Rth0=5.5;\n", + "ath0=(1/Rth0)*(Rth2-Rth1)/(th2-th1);\n", + "print (\" alpha at o degree= %.4f /degree C \" %ath0)\n", + "print ('5.5(1+0.0085(th-45))')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 79, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "alpha at o degree= 0.00182 /degree C \n", + "Linear approximation is: Rth= 589.48(1+0.00182(th-115))\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.22\n", + "import math;\n", + "th1=100;\n", + "th2=130;\n", + "th0=th1+th2/2;\n", + "Rth1=573.40;\n", + "Rth2=605.52;\n", + "Rth0=589.48;\n", + "ath0=(1/Rth0)*(Rth2-Rth1)/(th2-th1);\n", + "print (\"alpha at o degree= %.5f /degree C \" %ath0)\n", + "print ('Linear approximation is: Rth= 589.48(1+0.00182(th-115))')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 80, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "resistance at 65 degree C= 115.68 ohm \n", + " Temperature = 25.00 degree C \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.23\n", + "import math;\n", + "Rth0=100;\n", + "ath0=0.00392;\n", + "dth=65-25;\n", + "R65=Rth0*(1+ath0*dth);\n", + "print (\"resistance at 65 degree C= %.2f ohm \" %R65)\n", + "th=(((150/100)-1)/ath0)+25;\n", + "print (\" Temperature = %.2f degree C \" %th)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 81, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance at 150 degree C=15.11 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.24\n", + "import math;\n", + "Rth0=10;\n", + "ath0=0.00393;\n", + "dth=150-20;\n", + "R150=Rth0*(1+ath0*dth);\n", + "print (\"Resistance at 150 degree C=%.2f ohm\" %R150)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 82, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Time= 109.95 s \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Calculate the time\n", + "import math;\n", + "th=30.0;\n", + "th0=50;\n", + "tc=120;\n", + "t=-120*(math.log(1-(th/th0)));\n", + "print (\"Time= %.2f s \" %t)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 83, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance at 35 degree C= 50.00 ohm \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#2.26\n", + "import math;\n", + "R25=100;\n", + "ath=-0.05;\n", + "dth=35-25;\n", + "R35=R25*(1+ath*dth);\n", + "print (\"Resistance at 35 degree C= %.2f ohm \" %R35)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.27" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 84, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance at 40 degree C= 967.51 ohm \n", + "Resistance at 100 degree C= 130.94 ohm \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.27\n", + "import math;\n", + "Ro=3980;\n", + "Ta=273;\n", + "#3980= a*3980*exp(b/273)\n", + "Rt50=794;\n", + "Ta50=273+50;\n", + "#794= a*3980*exp(b/323)\n", + "#on solving\n", + "#a=30*10**-6, b=2843\n", + "Ta40=273+40;\n", + "Rt40=(30*10**-6)*3980*math.exp(2843/313);\n", + "print (\"Resistance at 40 degree C= %.2f ohm \" %Rt40)\n", + "Rt100=(30*10**-6)*3980*math.exp(2843/373);\n", + "print (\"Resistance at 100 degree C= %.2f ohm \" %Rt100)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 85, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Change in temperature= 20.0 degree C \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.28\n", + "import math;\n", + "th=((1-1800/2000)/0.05)+70;\n", + "dth=th-70;\n", + "print (\"Change in temperature= %.1f degree C \" %dth)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.29" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 86, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Frequency of oscillation at 20 degree C = 25464.79 Hz \n", + "Frequency of oscillation at 25 degree C = 31830.99 Hz \n", + "Frequency of oscillation at 30 degree C = 42441.32 Hz \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.29\n", + "import math;\n", + "C=500*10**-12;\n", + "R20=10000*(1-0.05*(20-25));\n", + "f20=1/(2*math.pi*R20*C);\n", + "print (\"Frequency of oscillation at 20 degree C = %.2f Hz \" %f20)\n", + "R25=10000*(1-0.05*(25-25));\n", + "f25=1/(2*math.pi*R25*C);\n", + "print (\"Frequency of oscillation at 25 degree C = %.2f Hz \" %f25)\n", + "R30=10000*(1-0.05*(30-25));\n", + "f30=1/(2*math.pi*R30*C);\n", + "print (\"Frequency of oscillation at 30 degree C = %.2f Hz \" %f30)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.30" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 87, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Sensitivity of thermocouple= 572.0 micro V/degree C\n", + "Maximum output voltage= 0.06 V \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.30\n", + "import math;\n", + "Se_thermocouple=500-(-72);\n", + "print (\"Sensitivity of thermocouple= %.1f micro V/degree C\" %Se_thermocouple)\n", + "Vo=Se_thermocouple*100*10**-6;\n", + "print (\"Maximum output voltage= %.2f V \" %Vo)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.31" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 88, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Required e.m.f.= 27.87 mV \n", + "Temperature corresponding to 27.87 mV is 620 degree C\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.31\n", + "import math;\n", + "ET=27.07+0.8;\n", + "print (\"Required e.m.f.= %.2f mV \" %ET)\n", + "print ('Temperature corresponding to 27.87 mV is 620 degree C')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.32" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 89, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Series resistance=271.00 ohm\n", + "Approximate error due to rise in resistance of 1 ohm in Re=-2.40 degree C\n", + "Approximate error due to rise in Temp. of 10=-7.45 degree C\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.32\n", + "import math;\n", + "Rm=50;\n", + "Re=12;\n", + "E=33.3*10**-3;\n", + "i=0.1*10**-3;\n", + "Rs=(E/i)-Rm-Re;\n", + "print (\"Series resistance=%.2f ohm\" %Rs)\n", + "Re=13;\n", + "i1=E/(Rs+Re+Rm);\n", + "AE=((i1-i)/i)*800;\n", + "print (\"Approximate error due to rise in resistance of 1 ohm in Re=%.2f degree C\" %AE)\n", + "R_change=50*0.00426*10;\n", + "i1=E/(Rs+Re+Rm+R_change);\n", + "AE=((i1-i)/i)*800;\n", + "print (\"Approximate error due to rise in Temp. of 10=%.2f degree C\" %AE)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 90, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Value of resistance R1=5.95 ohm\n", + "Value of resistance R2=762.60 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.33\n", + "import math;\n", + "E_20=0.112*10**-3;# emf at 20degree C\n", + "E_900=8.446*10**-3;\n", + "E_1200=11.946*10**-3;\n", + "E1=E_900-E_20;\n", + "E2=E_1200-E_20;\n", + "#E1=1.08*R1/(R1+2.5+R2 (i)\n", + "#E2=1.08*(R1+2.5)/(R1+2.5+R2 (ii)\n", + "#on solving (i) and (ii)\n", + "R1=5.95;\n", + "R2=762.6;\n", + "print (\"Value of resistance R1=%.2f ohm\" %R1)\n", + "print (\"Value of resistance R2=%.2f ohm\" %R2)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.34" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 91, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Value of resistance R1=5.95 ohm\n", + "value of resistance RL>>Rl\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.34\n", + "import math;\n", + "th=20;\n", + "Vz=2.73+th*10*10**-3;\n", + "Voffset=-2.73;\n", + "Vout=Vz+Voffset;\n", + "Rbias=(5-0.2)/10**-3;\n", + "Rzero=500;\n", + "th=50;\n", + "Vz=2.73+th*10*10**-3;\n", + "VmaxT=Vz+Voffset;\n", + "Vsupply=5;\n", + "Rl=(VmaxT*Rbias)/(Vsupply-VmaxT);\n", + "print (\"Value of resistance R1=%.2f ohm\" %R1)\n", + "print ('value of resistance RL>>Rl')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.35" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 92, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Change in inductance=0.04 mH\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.35\n", + "import math;\n", + "L1=2;\n", + "La=1-0.02;\n", + "Lnew=2/La;\n", + "dl=Lnew-L1;\n", + "print (\"Change in inductance=%.2f mH\" %dl)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.36" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 93, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "percentage linearity=0.20 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.36\n", + "import math;\n", + "linearity_percentage=(0.003/1.5)*100;\n", + "print (\"percentage linearity=%.2f \" %linearity_percentage)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.37" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 94, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "senstivity of the LVDT=0.004 V/mm\n", + "Senstivity of the instrument=1.0 V/mm\n", + "resolution of instrument=0.001 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.37\n", + "import math;\n", + "displacement=0.5;\n", + "Vo=2*10**-3;\n", + "Se_LVDT=Vo/displacement;\n", + "print (\"senstivity of the LVDT=%.3f V/mm\" %Se_LVDT)\n", + "Af=250;\n", + "Se_instrument=Se_LVDT*Af;\n", + "print (\"Senstivity of the instrument=%.1f V/mm\" %Se_instrument)\n", + "sd=5/100;\n", + "Vo_min=50/5;\n", + "Re_instrument=1*1.0/1000;\n", + "print (\"resolution of instrument=%.3f mm\" %Re_instrument)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 95, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "deflection=0.01 m\n", + "minimum force=0.02 N\n", + "maximum force=81.92 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.38\n", + "import math;\n", + "b=0.02;\n", + "t=0.004;\n", + "I=(1.0/12)*b*t**3;\n", + "F=25;\n", + "l=0.25;\n", + "E=200.0*10**9;\n", + "x=(F*l**3)/(3.0*E*I);\n", + "print (\"deflection=%.2f m\" %x)\n", + "DpF=x/F;\n", + "Se=DpF*0.5*1000;\n", + "Re=(10.0/1000)*(2.0/10);\n", + "F_min=Re/Se;\n", + "F_max=10/Se;\n", + "print (\"minimum force=%.2f N\" %F_min)\n", + "print (\"maximum force=%.2f N\" %F_max)\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.39" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 96, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "permittivity of the air e0=8.85*10**-12\n", + "sensitivity of the transducer=-0.00 F/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.39\n", + "import math;\n", + "print ('permittivity of the air e0=8.85*10**-12')\n", + "e0=8.85*10**-12;\n", + "w=25.0*10**-3;\n", + "d=0.25*10**-3;\n", + "Se=-4.0*e0*w/d;\n", + "print (\"sensitivity of the transducer=%.2f F/m\" %Se)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.40" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 97, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "the value of the capacitance afte the application of pressure=446.55 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.40\n", + "import math;\n", + "C1=370*10**-12;\n", + "d1=3.5*10**-3;\n", + "d2=2.9*10**-3;\n", + "C2=C1*d1*10**12/d2;\n", + "print (\"the value of the capacitance afte the application of pressure=%.2f pF\" %C2)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.41" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 114, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "change in frequency of the oscillator=-9.607692e+07 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.41\n", + "import math;\n", + "fo1=100*10**3;\n", + "d1=4;\n", + "d2=3.7;\n", + "fo2=((d2/d1)**0.5)*fo1;\n", + "dfo=fo1-fo2/10**-3;\n", + "print (\"change in frequency of the oscillator=%e kHz\" %dfo)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.42" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 99, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Capacitance=33.9 pF\n", + "change in Capacitance=3.4 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.42\n", + "import math;\n", + "L_air=(3.1-3)/2;\n", + "D_stress=100/L_air;\n", + "e0=8.85*10**-12;\n", + "l=20*10**-3;\n", + "D2=3.1;\n", + "D1=3;\n", + "C=(2*math.pi)*e0*l*10**12/(math.log(D2/D1));\n", + "print (\"Capacitance=%.1f pF\" %C)\n", + "l=(20*10**-3)-(2*10**-3);\n", + "C_new=(2*math.pi)*e0*l/(math.log(D2/D1));\n", + "C_change=C-C_new*10**12;\n", + "print (\"change in Capacitance=%.1f pF\" %C_change)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 116, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Time constant=0.02 s\n", + "Phase shift=18.2 deg\n", + "Series resistance=1140 Mohm\n", + "Amplitude ratio=0.6 \n", + "Voltage sensitivity=800000 V/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#2.43\n", + "import math;\n", + "M=0.95;\n", + "w=2*math.pi*20;\n", + "tc=(1/w)*((M**2)/(1-M**2))**0.5;\n", + "print (\"Time constant=%.2f s\" %tc)\n", + "ph=((math.pi/2)-(math.atan(w*tc)))*(180/math.pi);\n", + "print (\"Phase shift=%.1f deg\" %ph)\n", + "C=(8.85*10**-12*300*10**-6)/(0.125*10**-3);\n", + "R=tc*10**-6/C;\n", + "print (\"Series resistance=%.0f Mohm\" %R)\n", + "M=1/(1+(1/(2*math.pi*5*tc)**2))**0.5;\n", + "print (\"Amplitude ratio=%.1f \" %M)\n", + "Eb=100;\n", + "x=0.125*10**-3;\n", + "Vs=Eb/x;\n", + "print (\"Voltage sensitivity=%d V/m\" %Vs)\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.44" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 101, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ratio of per unit change of capacitance to per unit change of diaplacement=1.11\n", + " New ratio of per unit change of capacitance to per unit change of diaplacement=1.17\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#2.44\n", + "import math;\n", + "e0=8.85*10**-12;\n", + "A=500*10**-6;\n", + "d=0.2*10**-3;\n", + "C=e0*A/d;\n", + "d1=0.18*10**-3;\n", + "C_new=e0*A/d1;\n", + "C_change=C_new-C;\n", + "Ratio=(C_change/C)/(0.02/0.2);\n", + "print (\"ratio of per unit change of capacitance to per unit change of diaplacement=%.2f\" %Ratio)\n", + "d1=0.19*10**-3;\n", + "e1=1;\n", + "d2=0.01*10**-3;\n", + "e2=8;\n", + "C=(e0*A)/((d1/e1)+(d2/e2));\n", + "d1_new=0.17*10**-3;\n", + "C_new=(e0*A)/((d1_new/e1)+(d2/e2));\n", + "C_change=C_new-C;\n", + "Ratio=(C_change/C)/(0.02/0.2);\n", + "print (\" New ratio of per unit change of capacitance to per unit change of diaplacement=%.2f\" %Ratio)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.47" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 102, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage=165 V\n", + " Charge sensitivity=2.23 pC/N\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.47\n", + "import math;\n", + "g=0.055;\n", + "t=2*10**-3;\n", + "P=1.5*10**6;\n", + "Eo=g*t*P;\n", + "print (\"Output voltage=%.0f V\" %Eo)\n", + "e=40.6*10**-12;\n", + "d=e*g*10**12;\n", + "print (\" Charge sensitivity=%.2f pC/N\" %d)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.48" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 103, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " Force=30 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.48\n", + "import math;\n", + "g=0.055;\n", + "t=1.5*10**-3;\n", + "Eo=100;\n", + "P= Eo/(g*t);\n", + "A=25*10**-6;\n", + "F=P*A;\n", + "print (\" Force=%.0f N\" %F)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.49" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 104, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " strain=0.0167 \n", + " Charge=750 pC\n", + " capacitance=250 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.49\n", + "import math;\n", + "A=25*10**-6;\n", + "F=5;\n", + "P=F/A;\n", + "d=150*10**-12;\n", + "e=12.5*10**-9;\n", + "g=d/(e);\n", + "t=1.25*10**-3;\n", + "Eo=(g*t*P);\n", + "strain=P/(12*10**6);\n", + "Q=d*F*10**12;\n", + "C=Q/Eo;\n", + "print (\" strain=%.4f \" %strain)\n", + "print (\" Charge=%.0f pC\" %Q)\n", + "print (\" capacitance=%.0f pF\" %C)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.50" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 106, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " peak voltage swing under open conditions=9.04 mV\n", + " peak voltage swing under loaded conditions=1.52 mV\n", + " Maximum change in crystal thickness=2.22 pm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.50\n", + "import math;\n", + "d=2*10**-12;\n", + "t=1*10**-3;\n", + "Fmax=0.01;\n", + "e0=8.85*10**-12;\n", + "er=5;\n", + "A=100*10**-6;\n", + "Eo_peak_to_peak=2*d*t*Fmax*10**3/(e0*er*A);\n", + "print (\" peak voltage swing under open conditions=%.2f mV\" %Eo_peak_to_peak)\n", + "Rl=100*10**6;\n", + "Cl=20*10**-12;\n", + "d1=1*10**-3;\n", + "Cp=e0*er*A/d1;\n", + "C=Cp+Cl;\n", + "w=1000;\n", + "m=(w*Cp*Rl/(1+(w*C*Rl)**2)**0.5);\n", + "El_peak_to_peak=(2*d*t*Fmax*10**3/(e0*er*A))*m;\n", + "print (\" peak voltage swing under loaded conditions=%.2f mV\" %El_peak_to_peak)\n", + "E=90*10**9;\n", + "dt=2*Fmax*t*10**12/(A*E);\n", + "print (\" Maximum change in crystal thickness=%.2f pm\" %dt)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.51" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 107, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " Minimum frequency=2028.29 rad/sec\n", + " Phase shift=18.19 deg\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.51\n", + "import math;\n", + "M=0.95;\n", + "tc=1.5*10**-3;\n", + "w=(1/tc)*((M**2)/(1-M**2))**0.5;\n", + "print (\" Minimum frequency=%.2f rad/sec\" %w)\n", + "ph=((math.pi/2)-(math.atan(w*tc)))*(180/math.pi);\n", + "print (\" Phase shift=%.2f deg\" %ph)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.52" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 108, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " Sensitivity of the transducer=40000000.00 V/m\n", + " High frequency sensitivity =29629629.63 V/m\n", + " Minimum frequency=358.68 sec\n", + "now f=10Hz\n", + " External shunt capacitance=0.05 pF\n", + " new value of high frequency sensitivity=826073.26 V/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#2.52\n", + "import math;\n", + "Kq=40*10**-3;\n", + "Cp=1000*10**-12;\n", + "K=Kq/Cp;\n", + "print (\" Sensitivity of the transducer=%.2f V/m\" %K)\n", + "Cc=300*10**-12;\n", + "Ca=50*10**-12;\n", + "C=Cp+Cc+Ca;\n", + "Hf=Kq/C;\n", + "print (\" High frequency sensitivity =%.2f V/m\" %Hf)\n", + "R=1*10**6;\n", + "tc=R*C;\n", + "M=0.95;\n", + "w=(1/tc)*((M**2)/(1-M**2))**0.5;\n", + "f=w/(2*math.pi);\n", + "print (\" Minimum frequency=%.2f sec\" %f)\n", + "print ('now f=10Hz')\n", + "f=10;\n", + "w=2*math.pi*f;\n", + "tc=(1/w)*((M**2)/(1-M**2))**0.5;\n", + "C_new=tc/R;\n", + "Ce=(C_new-C)*10**6;\n", + "print (\" External shunt capacitance=%.2f pF\" %Ce)\n", + "Hf_new=Kq/C_new;\n", + "print (\" new value of high frequency sensitivity=%.2f V/m\" %Hf_new)\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.53" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 109, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Voltage just before t=2ms =1.00 mV\n", + "(-2.2026841435311137, 'voltage just after t=2ms (mV)')\n", + "Voltage just after t=2ms =-2.20 mV\n", + "when t=10ms\n", + "output voltage 10 ms after the application of impulse =0 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.53\n", + "import math;\n", + "R=10**6;\n", + "C=2500*10**-12;\n", + "tc=R*C;\n", + "t=2*10**-3;\n", + "d=100*10**-12;\n", + "F=0.1;\n", + "el=10.0**3*(d*F*(math.exp(-t/tc))/C);\n", + "print (\"Voltage just before t=2ms =%.2f mV\" %e1)\n", + "el_after=10**3*(d*F*(math.exp(-t/tc)-1)/C);\n", + "print (el_after,'voltage just after t=2ms (mV)')\n", + "print (\"Voltage just after t=2ms =%.2f mV\" %el_after)\n", + "print ('when t=10ms')\n", + "t=10.0*10**-3;\n", + "T=2.0*10\n", + "e_10=10.0**3*(d*F*(math.exp((-T/tc)-1))*(math.exp(-(t-T))/tc)/C)\n", + "print (\"output voltage 10 ms after the application of impulse =%.0f mV\" %e_10)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.54" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 110, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Let T=1\n", + "Time constant =19.50 s\n", + "as T=1 so time constant should be approximately equal to 20T\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 2.54\n", + "import math;\n", + "print ('Let T=1');\n", + "T=1;\n", + "el=0.95;\n", + "tc=-T/math.log(el);\n", + "print (\"Time constant =%.2f s\" %tc)\n", + "print ('as T=1 so time constant should be approximately equal to 20T')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.55" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 111, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "output voltage =-0.75 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#2.55\n", + "import math;\n", + "Kh=-1*10**-6;\n", + "I=3;\n", + "B=0.5;\n", + "t=2*10**-3;\n", + "Eh=Kh*I*B*10**3/t;\n", + "print (\"output voltage =%.2f mV\" %Eh)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 112, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "External resistance required =-999.997 ohm\n", + "Dark current =0.29 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#2.56\n", + "import math;\n", + "R1=(30/10*10**-3)-1000;\n", + "print (\"External resistance required =%.3f ohm\" %R1)\n", + "Id=30.0*10**3/((2*10**3)+(100*10**3))\n", + "print (\"Dark current =%.2f mA\" %Id)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Exa 2.57" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 113, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Potential of point b, Vb= 5.000000\n", + "Potential of point d, Vd= 10.000000\n", + "Outout voltage of bridge =-5.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#2.57\n", + "import math;\n", + "Vb=10-(10.0/((2*10**3))*10**3);\n", + "print ('Potential of point b, Vb= %f'%Vb)\n", + "Vd=10-(10/((3*10**3))*2*10**3);\n", + "print ('Potential of point d, Vd= %f' %Vd)\n", + "Ebd=Vb-Vd;\n", + "print (\"Outout voltage of bridge =%.2f V\" %Ebd)\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.12" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch3_JtKdjpi.ipynb b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch3_JtKdjpi.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1d8c5ae8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch3_JtKdjpi.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 3:Measurement of non electrical quantities" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 3.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 1mV/mm =350.0 mm\n", + "sinch the length of the screen is 100mm so waveform is out of range and hence sensitivity setting of 1mV/mm should not be used\n", + "deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 5mV/mm =70.0 mm\n", + "delection is within the range\n", + "deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 20mV/mm =17.0 mm\n", + "delection is within the range\n", + "deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 10mV/mm =3.0 mm\n", + "delection is within the range\n", + "deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 500mV/mm =0.0 mm\n", + "delection is within the range\n", + "since the sensitivity of 5mV/mm gives higher deflection so it is the optimum sensitivity\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 3.1\n", + "import math\n", + "Aou=700*25*1/100;\n", + "Aol=100*25*1/100;\n", + "AouPtP= 2*Aou;\n", + "AolPtP= 2*Aol;\n", + "Se1=1;\n", + "D1=AouPtP/Se1;\n", + "print (\"deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 1mV/mm =%.1f mm\" %D1)\n", + "print ('sinch the length of the screen is 100mm so waveform is out of range and hence sensitivity setting of 1mV/mm should not be used')\n", + "Se2=5;\n", + "D2=AouPtP/Se2;\n", + "print (\"deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 5mV/mm =%.1f mm\" %D2)\n", + "print ('delection is within the range')\n", + "Se3=20;\n", + "D3=AouPtP/Se3;\n", + "print (\"deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 20mV/mm =%.1f mm\" %D3)\n", + "print ('delection is within the range')\n", + "Se4=100;\n", + "D4=AouPtP/Se4;\n", + "print (\"deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 10mV/mm =%.1f mm\" %D4)\n", + "print ('delection is within the range')\n", + "Se5=500;\n", + "D5=AouPtP/Se5;\n", + "print (\"deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 500mV/mm =%.1f mm\" %D5)\n", + "print ('delection is within the range')\n", + "print ('since the sensitivity of 5mV/mm gives higher deflection so it is the optimum sensitivity')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 3.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Radius of curvature =356.04 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#3.2\n", + "import math\n", + "tA=1;\n", + "tB=1;\n", + "m=tA/tB;\n", + "EB=147.0;\n", + "EA=216;\n", + "T2=200.0;\n", + "T1=25;\n", + "n=EB/EA;\n", + "T=T2-T1;\n", + "A=12.5*10**-6;\n", + "B=1.7*10**-6;\n", + "a=3*(1+m)**2;\n", + "b=(1+m*n)*((m**2)+1/(m*n));\n", + "c= (6*(A-B)*T*(1+m)**2);\n", + "r=(a+b)/c;\n", + "print (\"Radius of curvature =%.2f mm\" %r)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 3.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Radius of curvature =500 mm\n", + "vertical displacement =2 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#3.3\n", + "t=2;\n", + "T2=180;\n", + "T1=20;\n", + "T=T2-T1;\n", + "A=12.5*10**-6;\n", + "r=t/(2*T*A);\n", + "print (\"Radius of curvature =%.0f mm\" %r)\n", + "Th=40.0/500;\n", + "y=r*(1.0-math.cos(Th));\n", + "print (\"vertical displacement =%.0f mm\" %y)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 3.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "True temperature =1853.57 degree K\n", + "True temperature =1580.57 degree C\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#3.4\n", + "import math\n", + "Ta=1480+273;\n", + "Tf=0.8;\n", + "T=Tf**-0.25*Ta;\n", + "print (\"True temperature =%.2f degree K\" %T)\n", + "Tc=T-273;\n", + "print (\"True temperature =%.2f degree C\" %Tc)\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 3.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Error in temperature measurement=-172.91 degree C\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 3.5\n", + "import math\n", + "ATC1=1065;\n", + "AT=ATC1+273;\n", + "Em1=0.82;\n", + "Ta=(Em1**(-0.25))*AT;\n", + "Em2=0.75;\n", + "Taa=(Em2**-0.25)*Ta;\n", + "ATC2=Taa-273;\n", + "E=ATC1-ATC2;\n", + "print (\"Error in temperature measurement=%.2f degree C\" %E)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 3.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 25, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Average flow rate=0.02 degree m/s\n", + "Percentage decrease in voltage=1.79 degree m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 3.6\n", + "import math\n", + "EL=0.1;\n", + "Zo=250*10**3;\n", + "ZL=2.5*10**6;\n", + "Eo=EL*(1+(Zo/ZL));\n", + "B=0.1;\n", + "l=50*10**-3;\n", + "G=1000;\n", + "v=Eo/(B*l*G);\n", + "print (\"Average flow rate=%.2f degree m/s\" %v)\n", + "Zon=1.2*250*10**3;\n", + "ELn=2*Eo/(1+(Zon/ZL));\n", + "PDV=((0.2-ELn)/0.2)*100;\n", + "print (\"Percentage decrease in voltage=%.2f degree m/s\" %PDV)\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python [Root]", + "language": "python", + "name": "Python [Root]" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.12" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch4_h6Jwto8.ipynb b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch4_h6Jwto8.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..af78fda8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch4_h6Jwto8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 4:Telemetry and data acquisition system" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "In addition to carrier frequency of 1000kHz the other upeer and lower frequencies are\n", + "Upper side band frequency for modulating frequency of 300 Hz =1000.3 kHz\n", + "Lower side band frequency for modulating frequency of 300 Hz =999.7 kHz\n", + "Upper side band frequency for modulating frequency of 800 Hz =1000.8 kHz\n", + "Lower side band frequency for modulating frequency of 800 Hz =999.2 kHz\n", + "Upper side band frequency for modulating frequency of 2kHz =1002.0 kHz\n", + "Lower side band frequency for modulating frequency of 2kHz =998.0 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.1\n", + "import math\n", + "fc=1000;\n", + "print ('In addition to carrier frequency of 1000kHz the other upeer and lower frequencies are')\n", + "fs1=0.3;\n", + "fu1=fc+fs1;\n", + "print (\"Upper side band frequency for modulating frequency of 300 Hz =%.1f kHz\" %fu1)\n", + "fl1=fc-fs1;\n", + "print (\"Lower side band frequency for modulating frequency of 300 Hz =%.1f kHz\" %fl1)\n", + "fs2=0.8;\n", + "fu2=fc+fs2;\n", + "print (\"Upper side band frequency for modulating frequency of 800 Hz =%.1f kHz\" %fu2)\n", + "fl2=fc-fs2;\n", + "print (\"Lower side band frequency for modulating frequency of 800 Hz =%.1f kHz\" %fl2)\n", + "fs3=2;\n", + "fu3=fc+fs3;\n", + "print (\"Upper side band frequency for modulating frequency of 2kHz =%.1f kHz\" %fu3)\n", + "fl3=fc-fs3;\n", + "print (\"Lower side band frequency for modulating frequency of 2kHz =%.1f kHz\" %fl3)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Upper side band frequency =721.76 kHz\n", + "Lower side band frequency =701.76 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.2\n", + "import math\n", + "L=50*10**-6;\n", + "C=1*10**-9;\n", + "fc=1/(2*math.pi*(L*C)**0.5);\n", + "fs1=10000;\n", + "fu1=(fc+fs1)*10**-3;\n", + "print (\"Upper side band frequency =%.2f kHz\" %fu1)\n", + "fl1=(fc-fs1)*10**-3;\n", + "print (\"Lower side band frequency =%.2f kHz\" %fl1)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Radiation Power =68.06 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.3\n", + "import math\n", + "Pc=50;\n", + "m=0.85;\n", + "Pt=Pc*(1+(m**2/2))\n", + "print (\"Radiation Power =%.2f kW\" %Pt)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "modulation index for Es (2.4) =9.6\n", + "modulation index for Es(7.2)=28.8\n", + "modulation indexfor Es(10) =40.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.4\n", + "import math\n", + "delta=4.8;\n", + "Es=2.4;\n", + "K=delta/Es;\n", + "Es1=7.2;\n", + "delta1=K*Es1;\n", + "Es2=10;\n", + "delta2=K*Es2;\n", + "fs1=500*10**-3;\n", + "mf1=delta/fs1;\n", + "print (\"modulation index for Es (2.4) =%.1f\" %mf1)\n", + "mf2=delta1/fs1;\n", + "print (\"modulation index for Es(7.2)=%.1f\" %mf2)\n", + "mf3=delta2/fs1;\n", + "print (\"modulation indexfor Es(10) =%.1f\" %mf3)\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "carrier frequency =95493.0 kHz\n", + "modulating frequency =198.9 Hz\n", + "maximum deviation =994.7 Hz\n", + "Power dissipated =7.2 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.5\n", + "import math\n", + "wc=6*10**8;\n", + "fc=(wc)/(2*math.pi)*10**-3;\n", + "print (\"carrier frequency =%.1f kHz\" %fc)\n", + "ws=1250;\n", + "fs=(ws)/(2*math.pi);\n", + "print (\"modulating frequency =%.1f Hz\" %fs)\n", + "mf=5;\n", + "delta=mf*fs;\n", + "print (\"maximum deviation =%.1f Hz\" %delta)\n", + "Rms=12/(2**0.5);\n", + "P=Rms**2/10;\n", + "print (\"Power dissipated =%.1f W\" %P)\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Band width =80 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.6\n", + "import math\n", + "delta=10;\n", + "fs=2;\n", + "mf=delta/fs;\n", + "BW=16*mf;\n", + "print (\"Band width =%.0f kHz\" %BW)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "epm=8sin(0.6283*10**9t+10 sin 37.7*10**3t)V\n", + "for a signal voltage of 4 V\n", + "epm=8sin(0.6283*10**9t+13.33 sin 37.7*10**3t)V\n", + "for a fs of 8 kHz\n", + "epm=8sin(0.6283*10**9t+13.33 sin 50.27*10**3t)V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.7\n", + "import math\n", + "fc=100*10**6;\n", + "wc=2*math.pi*fc;\n", + "fs=6*10**3;\n", + "ws=2*math.pi*fs;\n", + "delta=60*10**3;\n", + "mf=delta/fs;\n", + "mp=mf;\n", + "print ('epm=8sin(0.6283*10**9t+10 sin 37.7*10**3t)V')\n", + "print ('for a signal voltage of 4 V')\n", + "mp=4*10/3;\n", + "print ('epm=8sin(0.6283*10**9t+13.33 sin 37.7*10**3t)V')\n", + "print ('for a fs of 8 kHz')\n", + "print ('epm=8sin(0.6283*10**9t+13.33 sin 50.27*10**3t)V')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "range is 0-31 V with each step representing 1V\n", + "quattization error =0.4 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.8\n", + "import math\n", + "n=5;\n", + "Ql=2**n;\n", + "Range=(Ql-1)*1;\n", + "print ('range is 0-31 V with each step representing 1V')\n", + "Qe=27.39-27;\n", + "print (\"quattization error =%.1f V\" %Qe)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "For amplitude modulation\n", + "Minimum width of carrier channel =2.0 kHz\n", + "For frequency modulation\n", + "Minimum width of carrier channel =5.0 kHz\n", + "For pulse code modulation\n", + "Minimum width of carrier channel =8.0 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.9\n", + "import math\n", + "print ('For amplitude modulation')\n", + "MCCW=2*1;\n", + "print (\"Minimum width of carrier channel =%.1f kHz\" %MCCW)\n", + "print ('For frequency modulation')\n", + "MCCW=2*(1.5+1);\n", + "print (\"Minimum width of carrier channel =%.1f kHz\" %MCCW)\n", + "print ('For pulse code modulation')\n", + "MCCW=8*1;\n", + "print (\"Minimum width of carrier channel =%.1f kHz\" %MCCW)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "At 403 change in frequency\n", + "Fuel level =1650.0 L\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.10\n", + "import math\n", + "Fc=430-370;\n", + "print ('At 403 change in frequency')\n", + "Fc1=403-370;\n", + "Fuel_level=Fc1*3000/Fc;\n", + "print (\"Fuel level =%.1f L\" %Fuel_level)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "for good quality data the sampling rate should be at least 5 times the data frequency for one channel\n", + "sampling rate =1250.0 samples per second\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.11\n", + "import math\n", + "print ('for good quality data the sampling rate should be at least 5 times the data frequency for one channel')\n", + "channel=5;\n", + "f=50;\n", + "sampling_rate=5*channel*f;\n", + "print (\"sampling rate =%.1f samples per second\" %sampling_rate)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Maximum possible data transmission rate =6000.0 bits per second\n", + "minimum sampling rate per channel =2000.0 samples per second\n", + "maximum number of channels =42 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#4.12\n", + "import math\n", + "Vs=7;\n", + "Vn=1;\n", + "fh=10**3;\n", + "H=2*fh*math.log(1+(Vs/Vn),2);\n", + "print (\"Maximum possible data transmission rate =%.1f bits per second\" %H)\n", + "Sampling_rate=2*fh;\n", + "print (\"minimum sampling rate per channel =%.1f samples per second\" %Sampling_rate)\n", + "C_max=85714/2000;\n", + "print (\"maximum number of channels =%.0f \" %C_max)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "cutt off frquency =50.0 kHz \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#4.13\n", + "import math\n", + "d_rate=100;\n", + "fc= 0.5*d_rate;\n", + "print (\"cutt off frquency =%.1f kHz \" %fc)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The modulated carrier will have a bandwidth of 100MHz+/- 1kHz.\n", + "therefore we can have 5 channels each transmitting a 1KHz data for 5kHz bandwidth\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#4.14\n", + "import math\n", + "print ('The modulated carrier will have a bandwidth of 100MHz+/- 1kHz.')\n", + "print ('therefore we can have 5 channels each transmitting a 1KHz data for 5kHz bandwidth')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 4.15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Bandwidth of intelligence =2475.0 Hz \n", + "Rise time=141.4 us \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 4.15\n", + "import math\n", + "Fd=7.5*165*10**3/100;\n", + "mf=5;\n", + "Bandwidth=Fd/mf;\n", + "print (\"Bandwidth of intelligence =%.1f Hz \" %Bandwidth)\n", + "Tr=0.35/Bandwidth*10**6;\n", + "print (\"Rise time=%.1f us \" %Tr)\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python [Root]", + "language": "python", + "name": "Python [Root]" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.12" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch5_2XUAsbf.ipynb b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch5_2XUAsbf.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..18a94379 --- /dev/null +++ b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch5_2XUAsbf.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,281 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 5:Advanced measuring instruments" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 5.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "A=0.000064\n", + "B=0.000512\n", + "since A<B so the instrument is underdamped\n", + "Number of turns=3356426 \n", + "current required to overcome friction=0.1 uA \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 5.1\n", + "import math\n", + "D=8*10**-3;\n", + "A=D**2;\n", + "print ('A=%f'%A)\n", + "J=8*10**-3;\n", + "K=16*10**-3;\n", + "B=4*J*K;\n", + "print ('B=%f'%B)\n", + "print ('since A<B so the instrument is underdamped')\n", + "th=(100*math.pi)/180;\n", + "i=10*10**-3;\n", + "F=0.2*10**-6;\n", + "G=(K*th+F)/i;\n", + "l=65*10**-3;\n", + "d=25*10**-3;\n", + "N=G/(B*l*d);\n", + "print (\"Number of turns=%.0f \" %N)\n", + "i=F/G*10**6;\n", + "print (\"current required to overcome friction=%.1f uA \" %i)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 5.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "upper value of range=1896 Hz\n", + "lower value of range=696 Hz\n", + "So, the range of the frequency is from 696 to 1896 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 5.2\n", + "import math\n", + "eta=0.6;\n", + "fn=2400;\n", + "M=0.98;\n", + "#M=1/(((1-u**2)**2)+(2*u*eta)**2)**0.5; ..........(i)\n", + "# On solving the above equation we get u=0.79\n", + "u=0.79;\n", + "fu=u*fn;\n", + "print (\"upper value of range=%.0f Hz\" %fu)\n", + "\n", + "#Now let M=1.02, on solving equation (i) we have u=0.29\n", + "u=0.29;\n", + "fl=u*fn;\n", + "print (\"lower value of range=%.0f Hz\" %fl)\n", + "print ('So, the range of the frequency is from 696 to 1896 Hz')\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 5.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "phase displacement for the fundamental=7.37 degree\n", + "phase displacement for the 5th harmonic=40.48 degree\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 5.3\n", + "import math\n", + "eta=0.64;\n", + "u=0.1;\n", + "alpha_1=math.degrees(math.atan(2*eta*u/(1-u**2)))\n", + "print (\"phase displacement for the fundamental=%.2f degree\" %alpha_1)\n", + "u=0.5;\n", + "alpha_5=math.degrees(math.atan((2*eta*u/(1-u**2))))\n", + "print (\"phase displacement for the 5th harmonic=%.2f degree\" %alpha_5)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 5.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Percentage error for the production of 3rd harmonics=-0.56\n", + "Percentage error for the production of 5th harmonics=-1.54\n", + "Percentage error for the production of 7th harmonics=-2.97\n", + "Percentage error for the production of 11th harmonics=-7.03\n", + "Percentage error for the production of 13th harmonics=-9.55\n", + " Displacement of 13th harmonic=-1.23 degree\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#5.4\n", + "import math\n", + "To=1.0/2000;\n", + "T=1.0/50;\n", + "#Rn=1/(1+n**2*(To/T)**2)\n", + "R1=1.0/(1+1.0**2*(To/T)**2);\n", + "R3=1.0/(1+3**2*(To/T)**2);\n", + "R5=1.0/(1+5**2*(To/T)**2);\n", + "R7=1.0/(1+7**2*(To/T)**2);\n", + "R11=1.0/(1+11**2*(To/T)**2);\n", + "R13=1.0/(1+13**2*(To/T)**2);\n", + "PE3=(R3-1/1)*100;\n", + "print (\"Percentage error for the production of 3rd harmonics=%.2f\" %PE3)\n", + "PE5=(R5-1/1)*100;\n", + "print (\"Percentage error for the production of 5th harmonics=%.2f\" %PE5)\n", + "PE7=(R7-1/1)*100;\n", + "print (\"Percentage error for the production of 7th harmonics=%.2f\" %PE7)\n", + "PE11=(R11-1/1)*100;\n", + "print (\"Percentage error for the production of 11th harmonics=%.2f\" %PE11)\n", + "PE13=(R13-1/1)*100;\n", + "print (\"Percentage error for the production of 13th harmonics=%.2f\" %PE13)\n", + "#displacement of nth harmonic alpha=atan2*n/((T/To)-n**2*(To/T))\n", + "alpha_1=math.degrees(math.atan(2*1/((T/To)-(1**2*(To/T)))));\n", + "alpha_13=(math.degrees(math.atan(2*13/((T/To)-(13**2*(To/T))))));\n", + "alpha_1_equivalent_13=13*alpha_1;\n", + "phase_displacement_13=alpha_13-alpha_1_equivalent_13;\n", + "print (\" Displacement of 13th harmonic=%.2f degree\" %phase_displacement_13)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 5.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "minimum tape speed=7.81 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 5.5\n", + "import math\n", + "W_min=2.5*6.25*10**-6;\n", + "f=500000;\n", + "S_min=W_min*f;\n", + "print (\"minimum tape speed=%.2f m/s\" %S_min)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 5.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Number density of the tape=8 numbers/mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 5.6\n", + "import math\n", + "Num_per_sec=12000;\n", + "S=1.5*10**3;\n", + "Number_density=Num_per_sec/S;\n", + "print (\"Number density of the tape=%.0f numbers/mm\" %Number_density)\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python [Root]", + "language": "python", + "name": "Python [Root]" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.12" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch6_8Xtm119.ipynb b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch6_8Xtm119.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f247911b --- /dev/null +++ b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/Ch6_8Xtm119.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 6:Cathode ray oscilloscope" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "amplitude of voltage after 10 ms=4.76 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 6.1\n", + "import math\n", + "Vcc=50;\n", + "t=10*10**-3;\n", + "R=500*10**3;\n", + "C=0.2*10**-6;\n", + "tc=R*C;\n", + "Vo=Vcc*(1-math.exp(-t/tc));\n", + "print (\"amplitude of voltage after 10 ms=%.2f V\" %Vo)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "voltage across the capacitor after 50 microsecond=1.36 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 6.2\n", + "import math\n", + "Vcc=4.76;\n", + "t=50*10**-6;\n", + "R=0.2*10**3;\n", + "C=0.2*10**-6;\n", + "tc=R*C;\n", + "Vo=Vcc*(math.exp(-t/tc));\n", + "print (\"voltage across the capacitor after 50 microsecond=%.2f V\" %Vo)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Rise time=0.03 us\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 6.3\n", + "import math\n", + "BW=10*10**6;\n", + "tr=0.35/BW*10**6;\n", + "print (\"Rise time=%.2f us\" %tr)\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Attenuation factor=10.0 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 6.4\n", + "import math\n", + "R=(9.0*10**3)+(900+90+10);\n", + "Rt=100*10**3;\n", + "Attenuation=R/Rt;\n", + "Attenuation_factor=1/Attenuation;\n", + "print (\"Attenuation factor=%.1f \" %Attenuation_factor)\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Attenuation factor=11.0 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 6.5\n", + "import math\n", + "R=10.0*10**3;\n", + "Ri=100*10**3;\n", + "Rt=100*10**3;\n", + "Rp=(Ri*R)/(Ri+R);\n", + "Attenuation=Rp/Rt;\n", + "Attenuation_factor=1/Attenuation;\n", + "print (\"Attenuation factor=%.1f \" %Attenuation_factor)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "For point A Attenuation_factor=400\n", + "voltage per division value at point A=20.00\n", + "For point B Attenuation_factor=100\n", + "voltage per division value at point B=5.00\n", + "For point C Attenuation_factor=40\n", + "voltage per division value at point C=2.00\n", + "For point D Attenuation_factor=10\n", + "voltage per division value at point D=0.50\n", + "For point E Attenuation_factor=4\n", + "voltage per division value at point E=0.20\n", + "For point F Attenuation_factor=1\n", + "voltage per division value at point F=0.05\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 6.6\n", + "import math\n", + "Vo=50*10**-3;\n", + "print ('For point A Attenuation_factor=400')\n", + "Attenuation_factor=400;\n", + "Vi=Attenuation_factor*Vo;\n", + "print (\"voltage per division value at point A=%.2f\" %Vi)\n", + "print ('For point B Attenuation_factor=100')\n", + "Attenuation_factor=100;\n", + "Vi=Attenuation_factor*Vo;\n", + "print (\"voltage per division value at point B=%.2f\" %Vi)\n", + "print ('For point C Attenuation_factor=40')\n", + "Attenuation_factor=40;\n", + "Vi=Attenuation_factor*Vo;\n", + "print (\"voltage per division value at point C=%.2f\" %Vi)\n", + "print ('For point D Attenuation_factor=10')\n", + "Attenuation_factor=10;\n", + "Vi=Attenuation_factor*Vo;\n", + "print (\"voltage per division value at point D=%.2f\" %Vi)\n", + "print ('For point E Attenuation_factor=4')\n", + "Attenuation_factor=4;\n", + "Vi=Attenuation_factor*Vo;\n", + "print (\"voltage per division value at point E=%.2f\" %Vi)\n", + "print ('For point F Attenuation_factor=1')\n", + "Attenuation_factor=1;\n", + "Vi=Attenuation_factor*Vo;\n", + "print (\"voltage per division value at point F=%.2f\" %Vi)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Attenuationn for dc=10.0\n", + "Attenuationn for ac=3.0\n", + "Therefore the attenuation with ac is different from that of dc\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#6.7\n", + "import math\n", + "R2=100*10**3;\n", + "Vi=1.0;\n", + "R1=900*10**3;\n", + "Vo_dc=Vi*R2/(R1+R2);\n", + "k_dc=1/Vo_dc;\n", + "print (\"Attenuationn for dc=%.1f\" % k_dc)\n", + "XC2=1592.0;\n", + "Vi=1;\n", + "XC1=3183;\n", + "Vo_ac=Vi*XC2/(XC1+XC2);\n", + "k_ac=1/Vo_ac;\n", + "print (\"Attenuationn for ac=%.1f\" % k_ac)\n", + "print ('Therefore the attenuation with ac is different from that of dc')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 25, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum velocity of the beam of electrons=16772557.39 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 6.8\n", + "import math\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19;\n", + "Ea=800;\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31;\n", + "Vox=(2*e*Ea/m)**0.5;\n", + "print (\"maximum velocity of the beam of electrons=%.2f m/s\" %Vox)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 26, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum velocity of the beam of electrons=26519741.77 m/s\n", + "deflection sensitivity=0.38 mm/V\n", + "Deflection Factor=2.67 V/mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 6.9\n", + "import math\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19;\n", + "Ea=2000;\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31;\n", + "Vox=(2*e*Ea/m)**0.5;\n", + "print (\"maximum velocity of the beam of electrons=%.2f m/s\" %Vox)\n", + "L=5;\n", + "ld=1.5*10**-2;\n", + "d=5*10**-3;\n", + "S=(L*ld/2*d*Ea);\n", + "print (\"deflection sensitivity=%.2f mm/V\" %S)\n", + "G=1/S;\n", + "print (\"Deflection Factor=%.2f V/mm\" %G)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Input voltage required for deflection of 3mm =1.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 6.10\n", + "import math\n", + "Ea=2000;\n", + "L=0.3;\n", + "ld=2*10**-2;\n", + "d=5*10**-3;\n", + "D=3*10**-2;\n", + "Ed=(2*d*Ea*D)/(L*ld);\n", + "gain=100;\n", + "V_require=Ed/gain;\n", + "print (\"Input voltage required for deflection of 3mm =%.1f V\" %V_require)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Exa 6.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum velocity of the beam of electrons=26519741.77 m/s\n", + "Cutt off frequency=132.60 MHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 6.11\n", + "import math\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19;\n", + "Ea=2000;\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31;\n", + "Vox=(2*e*Ea/m)**0.5;\n", + "print (\"maximum velocity of the beam of electrons=%.2f m/s\" %Vox)\n", + "l=50*10**-3;\n", + "fc=Vox/(4*l)*10**-6;\n", + "print (\"Cutt off frequency=%.2f MHz\" %fc)\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python [Root]", + "language": "python", + "name": "Python [Root]" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.12" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/screenshots/Screenshot_from_2_65JiggP.png b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/screenshots/Screenshot_from_2_65JiggP.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..5471bab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/screenshots/Screenshot_from_2_65JiggP.png diff --git a/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/screenshots/Screenshot_from_2_KYhBgvr.png b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/screenshots/Screenshot_from_2_KYhBgvr.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..97c75b0d --- /dev/null +++ b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/screenshots/Screenshot_from_2_KYhBgvr.png diff --git a/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/screenshots/Screenshot_from_2_OJGeNYs.png b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/screenshots/Screenshot_from_2_OJGeNYs.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..2d1a90b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Advanced_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney/screenshots/Screenshot_from_2_OJGeNYs.png diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_10_Properties_Of__kgiORTS.ipynb b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_10_Properties_Of__kgiORTS.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..95d4d44a --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_10_Properties_Of__kgiORTS.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,629 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "Chapter 10 Properties Of Steam" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "\nChapter 10 Properties Of Steam" + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 1 Page No:183" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nmw=15 #Water steam\nms=185 #Dry steam\n\n#Calculation\nx=((ms)/(ms+mw))*100 #Dryness fuction of steam in %\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Dryness fuction of steam=\",x,\"%\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Dryness fuction of steam= 92.5 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 2 Page No:183" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nsps=150 #saturation pressure of the steam in degree celsius\n\n#Output\nP=4.76 #From steam table\nprint(\"saturation pressure=\",P,\"bar\")\n\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "saturation pressure= 4.76 bar\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 3 Page No:184" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP1=28 #Absolute pressure in bar\nP2=5.5 #Absolute pressure in MPa\nP3=77 #Absolute pressure in mm of Hg\n\n#Calcutation\nts1=230.05 #Saturation temperature in degree celsius\nts2=269.93 #Saturation temperature in degree celsius\nts3=45.83 #Saturation temperature in degree celsius\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Saturation temperature= \",ts1,\"degree celsius\")\nprint(\"Saturation temperature= \",ts2,\"degree celsius\")\nprint(\"Saturation temperature= \",ts3,\"degree celsius\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Saturation temperature= 230.05 degree celsius\nSaturation temperature= 269.93 degree celsius\nSaturation temperature= 45.83 degree celsius\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4 Page No:185" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP=15 #Absolute pressure in bar\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 15 bar)\nts=198.3 #In degree celsius \nhf=844.7 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1945.2 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2789.9 #In KJ/Kg\ntsup=300 #In degree celsius \nx=0.8\nCps=2.3\nhg=2789.9\n\n#Calculation\nh1=hf+x*hfg #Enthalpy of wet steam in KJ/KG\nh=hg #Enthalpy of dry and saturated steam in KJ/KG\nh2=hg+Cps*(tsup-ts)#Enthalpy of superheated steam in KJ/KG\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam= \",h1,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of dry and saturated steam= \",h,\"KJ/KG\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam= \",h2,\"KJ/Kg\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of wet steam= 2400.86 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of dry and saturated steam= 2789.9 KJ/KG\nEnthalpy of superheated steam= 3023.81 KJ/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 5 Page No:186" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nti=30 #Temperature in degree celsius\nm=2 #Water in Kg\npf=8 #Steam at 8 bar\nx=0.9 #Water to dry \ntb=30\n#From steam table at 30 degree celsius\nhf=125.7\n#h1=hf initial enthalpy of water\n#From steam table at 8 bar\nts=170.4 #In degree celsius \nhf1=720.9 #In KJ/KG\nhfg=2046.6 #In KJ/KG\nhg=2767.5 #In KJ/KG\n\n#Calculation\nh=hf1+(x*hfg) #Final Enthalpy of the steam in KJ/Kg\nQha=m*(h-hf) #Quantity of the heat in KJ/Kg #Calculation mistake m is not multiplied by (h-hf) in book\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Final Enthalpy of the steam= \",h,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Quantity of the heat= \",round(Qha,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Final Enthalpy of the steam= 2562.84 KJ/Kg\nQuantity of the heat= 4874.3 KJ/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 6 Page No:186" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nIT=25 #Initial temperature\nm=5 #Heat required to generate steam in kg\npf=10 #Final pressure in bar\ntsup=250 #Water temperature\n#From steam table (temp basis)at 25degree celsius \n#and at 10 bar(pressure basis)\nhf=104.8 #In KJ/KG\nh1=104.8 #In KJ/KG\nts=179.9 #In degree celsius \nhf1=792.6 #In KJ/KG\nhfg=2013.6 #In KJ/KG\nhg=2776.2 #In KJ/KG\nCps=2.1\n\n#Calculation\nh=hg+Cps*(tsup-ts) #Enthalpy of superheated steam in KJ/Kg\nH=m*(h-h1) #Quantity of heat added in KJ/Kg\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam= \",h,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Quantity of heat added= \",round(H,),\"KJ/Kg\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of superheated steam= 2923.41 KJ/Kg\nQuantity of heat added= 14093 KJ/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 7 Page No:188" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP=15 #Absolute pressure in bar\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 15 bar)\nts=198.3+273 #In degree celsius\nvg=0.1317 #In m**3/Kg \nvf=0.001154 #In m**3/Kg \nx=0.8 \nTsup=300+273 #Degree celsius\n\n\n#Calculation\nv=(1-x)*vf+x*vg #Volume of wet steam in m**3/Kg\nvg=0.1317 #Dry and saturated steam in m**3/Kg\nvsup=vg*(Tsup/ts) #Volume of superheated steam m**3/Kg \n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Volume of wet steam= \",round(v,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Dry and Saturated Steam= \",vg,\"m**3/Kg\") \nprint(\"volume of superheated steam= \",round(vsup,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\n \n\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Volume of wet steam= 0.1056 m**3/Kg\nDry and Saturated Steam= 0.1317 m**3/Kg\nvolume of superheated steam= 0.1601 m**3/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 8 Page No:188" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP=25 #Absolute pressure\nts=223.9 #Volume\n#Frome steam table (pressure basis at 25 bar) \nvf=0.001197 #In m**3/Kg \nvg=0.0799 #In m**3/Kg \nv=8 #In m**3/Kg \n\n\n#Calculation\nm=v/vg #Mass of steam in Kg \n\n#Output\nprint(\"Mass of steam= \",round(m,3),\"Kg\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Mass of steam= 100.125 Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 9 Page No:190" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP=12*10**5 #Absolute pressure\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 12 bar)\nts=188+273 #In degree celsius\nvf=0.001139 #In m**3/Kg \nvg=0.1632 #In m**3/Kg \nhf=798.4 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1984.3 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2782.7 #In KJ/Kg\nx=0.94\nCps=2.3\ntsup=350+273 #In degree celsius\n\n#Calcuation\nh=hf+x*hfg #Enthalpy of wet steam in KJ/Kg\nv=(1-x)*vf+x*vg #Volume of wet steam m**3/Kg\nu=h-((P*v)/10**3) #Internal Energy in KJ/Kg\nhg=2782.7 #Enthalpy of dry & saturated steam in KJ/Kg\nv1=vg #Volume of dry & saturated steam m**3/Kg\nu1=hg-((P*vg)/10**3) #Internal Energy in KJ/Kg \nh1=hg+Cps*(tsup-ts) #Enthalpy of superheated steam in KJ/Kg\nvsup=vg*(tsup/ts) #Volume of superheated steam in m**3/Kg\nu2=h1-((P*v)/10**3) #Internal Energy in KJ/Kg\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam= \",h,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Volume of wet steam= \",round(v,5),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Internal Energy= \",round(u,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of dry & saturated steam= \",hg,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Volume of dry & saturated steam= \",v1,\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Internal Energy= \",u1,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam= \",round(h1,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Volume of superheated steam= \",round(vsup,3),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Internal Energy= \",round(u2,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of wet steam= 2663.642 KJ/Kg\nVolume of wet steam= 0.15348 m**3/Kg\nInternal Energy= 2479.47 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of dry & saturated steam= 2782.7 KJ/Kg\nVolume of dry & saturated steam= 0.1632 m**3/Kg\nInternal Energy= 2586.8599999999997 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of superheated steam= 3155.3 KJ/Kg\nVolume of superheated steam= 0.221 m**3/Kg\nInternal Energy= 2971.1 KJ/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 10 Page No:191" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP1=10*10**5 #Pressure of steam in bar\ntsup1=300+273 #Temperature of steam n degree celsius \nP2=1.4*10**5 #Internal energy of steam\nx2=0.8 #Dryness fraction\nCps=2.3\n#from steam table properties of saturated steam (temp basis) \n#at 25 degree celsius and at 10 bar(pressure basis)\nts1=179.9+273\nvf=0.001127 #In m**3/Kg \nvg=0.1943 #In m**3/Kg \nhf=762.6 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=2013.6 #In KJ/Kg\nhg1=2776.2 #In KJ/Kg\n#at 1.4 bar\nts=109.3 #In degree celsius\nvf1=0.001051 #In m**3/Kg \nvg1=1.2363 #In m**3/Kg \nhf1=458.4 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg1=2231.9 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2690.3 #In KJ/Kg\n\n#calculation\nh1=hg1+Cps*(tsup1-ts1) #Enthalpy of superheated steam in KJ/Kg\nv1=vg*(tsup1/ts1) #Volume of superheated steam in m**3/Kg\nu1=h1-((P1*v1)/10**3) #Internal energy in KJ/Kg\nh2=hf1+x2*hfg1 #Enthalpy of wet steam in KJ/Kg\nVwet=(1-x2)*vf1+x2*vg1 #Volume of wet steam in m**3/Kg\nu2=h2-((P2*Vwet)/10**3) #Internal energy in KJ/Kg\nDeltaU=u1-u2 #Change of Internal energy in KJ/Kg\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam= \",h1,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Volume of superheated steam= \",round(v1,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Internal energy= \",round(u1,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam= \",h2,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Volume of wet steam= \",round(Vwet,5),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Internal energy= \",round(u2,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Change of Internal energy= \",round(DeltaU,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of superheated steam= 3052.43 KJ/Kg\nVolume of superheated steam= 0.2458 m**3/Kg\nInternal energy= 2806.6 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of wet steam= 2243.92 KJ/Kg\nVolume of wet steam= 0.98925 m**3/Kg\nInternal energy= 2105.4 KJ/Kg\nChange of Internal energy= 701.2 KJ/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 11 Page No:193" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nP=15 #Absolute pressure\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 15 bar)\nts=198.3+273 #In degree celsius \nSf=2.3145 #In KJ/KgK\nSfg=4.1261 #In KJ/KgK\nSg=6.4406 #In KJ/KgK\ntsup=300+273\nCps=2.3\nx=0.8\n\n#calculation\nS=Sf+x*Sfg #Entropy of wet steam in KJ/Kg\nS1=Sg #Entropy of superheated steam in KJ/Kg\nS2=Sg+Cps*(math.log(tsup/ts)) #Entropy of superheated steam in KJ/Kg\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Entropy of wet steam\",round(S,3),\" KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Entropy of dry and saturated steam\",S1,\" KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Entropy of superheated steam\",round(S2,2),\" KJ/Kg\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Entropy of wet steam 5.615 KJ/Kg\nEntropy of dry and saturated steam 6.4406 KJ/Kg\nEntropy of superheated steam 6.89 KJ/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 12 Page No:194" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\n#Input data\nimport math\nm=1.5 #Entropy of the steam\nP=10*10**5 #Absolute pressure in bar\n#From steam table properties of saturated steam \n#(pressure basis)at 10 bar\nts=179.9+273 #Indegree celsius\nvf=0.001127 #In m**3/Kg\nvg=0.1943 #In m**3/Kg\nhf=762.6 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=2013.6 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2776.2 #In KJ/Kg\nSf=2.1382 #In KJ/KgK\nSfg=4.4446 #In KJ/KgK\nSg=6.5828 #In KJ/Kg\nCps=2.3\ntsup=250+273\n\n\n#Calculation\n#(1)Enthalpy of dry and saturated steam \n\nh=hg #Enthalpy of dry and saturated steam \nEODS=hg*m #Enthalpy of 1.5Kg of dry and saturated steam \nv=vg #volume of dry and saturated steam\nu=h-((P*v)/10**3) #Internal Energy\nIES=u*m #Internal energy of the steam\ns=6.5858 #Entropy of dry and saturated steam\nEODSS=s*m #Entropy of 1.5Kg dry and saturated steam\nx=0.75\n#(2)Enthalpy of wet steam\nh1=hf+x*hfg #Enthalpy of wet steam\nEWS=h1*m #Enthalpy of1.5Kg of wet steam\nVwet=x*vg #Volume of steam\nu1=h1-((P*Vwet)/10**3) #Internal energy \nIES1=u1*m #Internal energy of1.5Kg of the steam\ns1=Sf+x*Sfg #Entropy of wet steam\nEWS1=s1*m #Entropy of1.5Kg of wet steam\n\n#(3)Enthalpy of superheated steam\nh2=hg+Cps*(tsup-ts) #Enthalpy of superheated steam\nEOSHS=h2*m #Enthalpy of 1.5Kg of superheated steam\nVsup=vg*(tsup/ts) #Volume of superheated steam\nu2=h2-((P*Vsup)/10**3) #Internal energy\nIES2=u2*m #Internal energy of 1.5Kg of the steam\ns2=Sg+Cps*(math.log(tsup/ts))#Entropy of superheated steam\nEOSHS1=s2*m #Entropy of 1.5Kg of superheated steam\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of dry and saturated steam= \",h,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of 1.5Kg of dry and saturated steam= \",round(EODS,2),\"KJ\")\nprint(\"volume of dry and saturated steam= \",v,\"m**3/kg\")\nprint(\"Internal Energy= \",round(u,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Internal energy of the steam= \",round(IES,2),\"kJ\")\nprint(\"Entropy of dry and saturated steam = \",s,\"KJ/KgK\")\nprint(\"Entropy of 1.5kg of dry and saturated steam= \",EODSS,\"KJ/K\")\n\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam= \",round(h1,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of1.5Kg of wet steam= \",EWS,\"KJ\")\nprint(\"Volume of steam= \",Vwet,\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Internal energy= \",u1,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Internal energy of1.5Kg of the steam= \",round(IES1,2),\"KJ\")\nprint(\"Entropy of wet steam= \",round(s1,2),\"KJ/KgK\")\nprint(\"Entropy of 1.5Kg of wet steam= \",EWS1,\"KJ/K\")\n\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam= \",h2,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of 1.5Kg of superheated steam= \",round(EOSHS,1),\"KJ\")\nprint(\"Volume of superheated steam= \",round(Vsup,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Internal energy= \",round(u2,4),\"\")\nprint(\"Internal energy of1.5Kg of the steam= \",round(IES2,1),\"KJ\")\nprint(\"Entropy of superheated steam= \",round(s2,4),\"KJ/KgK\")\nprint(\"Entropy of 1.5Kg of superheated steam= \",round(EOSHS1,2),\"KJ/K\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of dry and saturated steam= 2776.2 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of 1.5Kg of dry and saturated steam= 4164.3 KJ\nvolume of dry and saturated steam= 0.1943 m**3/kg\nInternal Energy= 2581.9 KJ/Kg\nInternal energy of the steam= 3872.85 kJ\nEntropy of dry and saturated steam = 6.5858 KJ/KgK\nEntropy of 1.5kg of dry and saturated steam= 9.8787 KJ/K\nEnthalpy of wet steam= 2272.8 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of1.5Kg of wet steam= 3409.2 KJ\nVolume of steam= 0.145725 m**3/Kg\nInternal energy= 2127.075 KJ/Kg\nInternal energy of1.5Kg of the steam= 3190.61 KJ\nEntropy of wet steam= 5.47 KJ/KgK\nEntropy of 1.5Kg of wet steam= 8.207475 KJ/K\nEnthalpy of superheated steam= 2937.43 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of 1.5Kg of superheated steam= 4406.1 KJ\nVolume of superheated steam= 0.2244 m**3/Kg\ninternal energy= 2713.0562 \nInternal energy of1.5Kg of the steam= 4069.6 KJ\nEntropy of superheated steam= 6.9138 KJ/KgK\nEntropy of 1.5Kg of superheated steam= 10.37 KJ/K\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 13 Page No:196" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nV=0.04 #Volume of vessel in m**3 \nx=1\nt=250+273 #Saturated steam temp in degree celsius\nmw=9 #Mass of liquid in Kg\n#From steam table(temp basis,at t=250)\nP=39.78*10**5 #in bar\nVf=0.001251 #In m**3/kg\nVg=0.05004 #In m**3/Kg\nhf=1085.7 #KJ/Kg\nhfg=2800.4 #KJ/Kg\nhg=1714.7 #KJ/Kg\n\n#Calculation\nVw=mw*Vf #Volume occupied by water in m**3\nVs=V-Vw #Volume of waterin m**3\nms=Vs/Vg #Volume of dry and saturated steam in Kg \nm=mw+ms #Total mass of steam in Kg\nx=ms/(ms+mw) #Dryness fraction of steam \nVwet=(1-x)*Vf+x*Vg #Specific volume of steam in m**3/Kg\nh=hf+x*hfg #Enthalpy of wet steam in KJ/Kg\nEOWS=h*m #Enthalpy of 9.574 Kg of wet steam KJ\nu=h-((P*Vwet)/10**3) #Internal Energy in KJ/Kg\nIEOS=u*m #Internal energy of 9.574 Kg of steam in KJ\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Volume occupied by water= \",round(Vw,5),\"m**3\")\nprint(\"Volume of water= \",round(Vs,5),\"m**3\")\nprint(\"Volume of dry and saturated steam= \",round(ms,3),\"Kg \")\nprint(\"Total mass of steam= \",round(m,3),\"Kg\")\nprint(\"Dryness fraction of steam= \",round(x,2),)\nprint(\"Specific volume of steam= \",round(Vwet,6),\" m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam= \",round(h,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of 9.574 Kg of wet steam= \",round(EOWS,),\"KJ\")\nprint(\"Internal Energy= \",round(u,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Internal energy of 9.574 Kg of steam= \",round(IEOS),\"KJ\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Volume occupied by water= 0.01126 m**3\nVolume of water= 0.02874 m**3\nVolume of dry and saturated steam= 0.574 Kg \nTotal mass of steam= 9.574 Kg\nDryness fraction of steam= 0.06\nSpecific volume of steam= 0.004178 m**3/Kg\nEnthalpy of wet steam= 1253.7 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of 9.574 Kg of wet steam= 12003 KJ\nInternal Energy= 1237.1 KJ/Kg\nInternal energy of 9.574 Kg of steam= 11844 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 14 Page No:197" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input Data\nP=7 #Absolute pressure in bar\nt=200 #Absolute temperature\nts=165 #In degree celsius from steam table\n\n#Calculation\ndos=t-ts #Degree of superheat in degree celcius\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Degree of superheat= \",dos,\"degree celcius\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Degree of superheat= 35 degree celcius\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 15 Page No:197" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP=15 #Absolute pressure in bar\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 15 bar)\nh=1950 #In KJ/Kg\nts=198.3 #In degreee celsius\nhf=844.7 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1945.2 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2789.9 #In KJ/Kg\n\n#calculation\nx=((h-hf)/hfg) #Enthalpy of wet steam\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam= \",round(x,3),\"\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of wet steam= 0.568 \n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 16 Page No:197" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP=15 #Absolute pressure in bar\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 15 bar)\nh=3250 #In KJ/Kg\nts=198.3 #In degree celsius \nhf=844.7 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1945.2 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2789.9 #In KJ/Kg\nCps=2.3\n\n#Calculation\ntsup=(h-hg+(Cps*ts))/2.3 #Enthalpy of superheated steam in degree celsius\ndos=tsup-ts #Degree of superheated in degree celsius \n ##The value of ts in not used according to data in book instead of ts=198.3 author used ts=165\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam= \",round(tsup,2),\"degree celcius\")\nprint(\"Degree of superheated= \",round(dos,2),\"degree celcius\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of superheated steam= 398.34 degree celcius\nDegree of superheated= 200.04 degree celcius\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 17 Page No:198" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP=7 #Absolute pressure in bar\nv=0.2 #Specific volume in m**3/Kg\n#from steam table (pressure basis at 7 bar) \nts=165 #In degree celsius\nvf=0.001108 #In m**3/Kg\nvg=0.2727 #In m**3/Kg\n\n#calculation\nx=v/vg #Volume of steam dryness fraction\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Volume of steam dryness fraction= \",round(x,3),)", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Volume of steam dryness fraction= 0.733\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 18 Page No:198" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP=7 #Absolute pressure in bar\nv=0.3 #Specific volume in m**3/Kg\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 7 bar)\nts=165+273 #In degree celsius\nvf=0.001108 #In m**3/Kg\nvg=0.2727 #In m**3/Kg\n\n#Calculation\n#v=vg*tsup/ts\ntsup=((v/vg)*ts)-273 #Temp of superheated steam in degree celsius\nDOS=tsup+273-ts #Degree of superheated in degree celsius\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Temp of superheated steam= \",round(tsup,2),\"degree celsius\")\nprint(\"Degree of superheated= \",round(DOS,2),\"degree celsius\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Temp of superheated steam= 208.85 degree celsius\nDegree of superheated= 43.85 degree celsius\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 19 Page No:198" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nm=2 #steam of vessel in Kg\nV=0.1598 #volume of vessel in M**3\nP=25 #Absolute pressure of vessel in bar\n\n#Calculation\nv=V/m #Quality of steam in m**3/Kg\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Quality of steam\",v,\" m**3/Kg\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Quality of steam 0.0799 m**3/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 20 Page No:200" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP=10*10**2 #Absolute pressure in bar\nx1=0.9 #Dryness enters\ntsup2=300+273 #Temperature in degree celsius \n#From steam table at 10 bar\nts=179.9+273 #In degree celsius\nVg=0.1943 #In m**3/Kg\nhf=762.6 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=2013.6 #InK/Kg\nhg=2776.2 #In KJ/Kg\n\n#Calculation\nh1=hf+x1*hfg #Initial enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg\nV1=x1*Vg #Initial specific volume of steam\nu1=h1-P*V1 #Initial internal energy of steam in KJ/Kg\nh2=hg+Cps*(tsup2-ts) #Final enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg\nV2=Vg*(tsup2/ts) #Final specific volume of steam in m**3/Kg\nu2=h2-P*V2 #Final internal energy of steam in KJ/K\ndeltah=h2-h1 #Heat gained by steam in KJ/Kg\ndeltaU=(u2-u1) #Change in internal energy in KJ/Kg\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Initial enthalpy of steam= \",h1,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Initial specific volume of steam= \",V1,)\nprint(\"Initial internal energy of steam= \",round(u1,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Final enthalpy of steam= \",h2,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Final specific volume of steam= \",round(V2,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Final internal energy of steam= \",round(u2,3),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Heat gained by steam= \",round(deltah,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Change in internal energy= \",round(deltaU,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Initial enthalpy of steam= 2574.84 KJ/Kg\nInitial specific volume of steam= 0.17487\nInitial internal energy of steam= 2399.97 KJ/Kg\nFinal enthalpy of steam= 3052.43 KJ/Kg\nFinal specific volume of steam= 0.2458 m**3/Kg\nFinal internal energy of steam= 2806.606 KJ/Kg\nHeat gained by steam= 477.59 KJ/Kg\nChange in internal energy= 406.64 KJ/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 21 Page No:201" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nm=4 #Steam in Kg\nP=13 #Absolute pressure in bar\ntsup1=450 #Absolute temp in degree celsius \ndeltaH=2.8*10**3 #loses in MJ\n#from steam table at 13 bar\nts=191.6 #In degree celsius\nVg=0.1511 #In m**3/Kg\nhf=814.7 #In m**3/Kg\nhfg=1970.7 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2785.4 #In KJ/Kg\n\n#Calculation\nh1=hg+Cps*(tsup1-ts) #Initial enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg\nDeltah=deltaH/m #Change in enthalpy/unit mass in KJ/Kg\nh2=h1-Deltah #Final enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg\nx2=(h2-hf)/hfg #wet & dryness fraction\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Initial enthalpy of steam= \",round(h1,2),\" KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Change in enthalpy/unit mass= \",Deltah,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Final enthalpy of steam= \",round(h2,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"wet & dryness fraction= \",round(x2,4),)", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Initial enthalpy of steam= 3379.72 KJ/Kg\nChange in enthalpy/unit mass= 700.0 KJ/Kg\nFinal enthalpy of steam= 2679.72 KJ/Kg\nwet & dryness fraction= 0.9464\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 22 Page No:202" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nm=2 #Steam in Kg\nx=0.7 #Initial dryness \nP=15 #Constant pressure in bar\n#V2=2V1\n#from steam table properties of\n#saturated steam(pressure basis) at 15 bar\nTs=198.3+273 #In degree celsius \nVg=0.1317 #In m**3/Kg\nhf=844.7 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1945.2 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2789.9 #In KJ/Kg\nCps=2.3\n\n#Calculation\nV1=x*Vg #Initial specific volume of steam in m**3/Kg\nV2=2*V1 #Final specific volume of steam in m**3/Kg\nTsup=(V2/Vg)*Ts #Steam is superheated in degree celsius \nFSS=Tsup-Ts #Degree of superheated in degree celsius\nh1=hf+x*hfg #Initial enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg\nh2=hg+Cps*(Tsup-Ts) #Final enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg \nQ=(h2-h1)*m #Heat transferred in the process in KJ\nW1=P*(m*V2-m*V1) #Work transferred in the process in KJ\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Initial specific volume of steam= \",round(V1,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Final specific volume of steam= \",round(V2,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Steam is superheated= \",round(Tsup,2),\"K\")\nprint(\"Degree of superheated= \",round(FSS,2),\"degree celsius\")\nprint(\"Initial enthalpy of steam= \",h1,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Final enthalpy of steam= \",round(h2,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Heat transferred in the process= \",round(Q,2),\"KJ\")\nprint(\"Work transferred in the process= \",round(W1,3),\"KJ\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Initial specific volume of steam= 0.0922 m**3/Kg\nFinal specific volume of steam= 0.1844 m**3/Kg\nSteam is superheated= 659.82 K\nDegree of superheated= 188.52 degree celsius\nInitial enthalpy of steam= 2206.34 KJ/Kg\nFinal enthalpy of steam= 3223.5 KJ/Kg\nHeat transferred in the process= 2034.31 KJ\nWork transferred in the process= 2.766 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 23 Page No:203" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nms=1000 #Steam in Kg/h \nP=16 #Absolute pressure in bar\nx2=0.9 #Steam is dry \nt1=30+273 #temperature in degree celsius\ntsup=380 #tmperature rised in degree celsius \n \n#from steam table(pressure basis at 16 bar)\nh1=125.7 #in KJ/Kg\nts=201.4 #In degree celsius\nhf=858.5 #in kJ/Kg\nhfg=1933.2 #in kJ/Kg\nhg=2791.7 #in kJ/Kg\nCps=2.3\n\n#Calculation \nh2=hf+x2*hfg #Final enthalpy of wet steam in KJ/Kg \nQ1=(ms*(h2-h1))*10**-3 #Constant pressure process in KJ/h \nh3=hg+Cps*(tsup-ts) #Final enthalpy of superheated steam in KJ/g\nQ2=(ms*(h3-h2))*10**-3 #Suprheated steam in KJ/h\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Final enthalpy of wet steam= \",round(h2,1),\"KJ/Kg \")\nprint(\"Constant pressure process= \",round(Q1,1),\" KJ/h \")\nprint(\"Final enthalpy of superheated steam= \",round(h3,1),\" KJ/g\")\nprint(\"Suprheated steam= \",round(Q2,1),\"KJ/h\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Final enthalpy of wet steam= 2598.4 KJ/Kg \nConstant pressure process= 2472.7 KJ/h \nFinal enthalpy of superheated steam= 3202.5 KJ/g\nSuprheated steam= 604.1 KJ/h\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 24 Page No:204" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nFB=15 #First boiler in bar\nSB=15 #Second boiler in bar\ntsup1=300 #Temperature of the steam in degree celsius\ntsup2=200 #Temperature of the steam in degree celsius\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 15 bar )\nts=198.3 #In degree celsius \nhf=844.7 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1945.2 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2789.9 #In KJ/I\nCps=2.3\n\n#Calculation\nh1=hg+Cps*(tsup1-ts) #Enthalpy of steam of first boiler in KJ/Kg \nh3=hg+Cps*(tsup2-ts) #Enthalpy of steam in steam main in KJ/Kg\nh2=2*h3-h1 #Energy balance in KJ/Kg\nx2=(h2-hf)/hfg #Enthalpy of wet steam\n\n#OUTPUT\nprint(\"Enthalpy of steam of first boiler= \",round(h1,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of steam in steam main= \",round(h3,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Energy balance= \",round(h2,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam= \",round(x2,3),)\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of steam of first boiler= 3023.8 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of steam in steam main= 2793.8 KJ/Kg\nEnergy balance= 2563.8 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of wet steam= 0.884\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 25 Page No:205" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nV=0.35 #Capacity of vessel in m**3\nP1=10*10**2 #Absolute pressure in bar\ntsup1=250+273 #Absolute temperature in degree celsius \nP2=2.5*102 #Absolute pressure in the vessel fall in bar\n\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 10 bar)\nts1=179.9+273 #In degree celsius \nVg1=0.1943 #In m**3/Kg\nhf1=762.6 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg1=2013.6 #In KJ/Kg\nhg1=2776.2 #In KJ/Kg\n\n#From steam table(pressure basis at 2.5 bar)\nV2=0.2247 #In m**3/Kg\nts2=127.4 #In degree celsius\nVg2=0.7184 #In m**3/Kg\nhf2=535.3 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg2=2181.0 #In KJ/Kg\nhg2=2716.4 #In KJ/Kg\n\n#Calculation\nV1=Vg1*(tsup1/ts1) #Initial specific volume of steam in m**3/Kg\nm=V/V1 #Initial mass of steam in Kg\nx2=V2/Vg2 #Final condition of wet steam\nh1=hg1+Cps*(tsup1-ts1) #Initial enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg\nu1=h1-P1*V1 #Initial internal energy of steam in KJ/Kg\nh2=hf2+x2*hfg2 #Final enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg\nu2=h2-P2*V2 #Final internal energy of steam in KJ/Kg\ndeltaU=(u2-u1)*m #Change in internal energy in KJ\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Initial specific volume of steam= \",round(V1,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Initial mass of steam= \",round(m,4),\"Kg\")\nprint(\"Final condition of wet steam= \",round(x2,4),)\nprint(\"Initial enthalpy of steam= \",h1,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Initial internal energy of steam= \",round(u1,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Final enthalpy of steam= \",round(h2,1),\" KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Final internal energy of steam= \",round(u2,3),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Change in internal energy= \",round(deltaU,1),\"KJ\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Initial specific volume of steam= 0.2244 m**3/Kg\nInitial mass of steam= 1.5599 Kg\nFinal condition of wet steam= 0.3128\nInitial enthalpy of steam= 2937.43 KJ/Kg\nInitial internal energy of steam= 2713.06 KJ/Kg\nFinal enthalpy of steam= 1217.5 KJ/Kg\nFinal internal energy of steam= 1160.171 KJ/Kg\nChange in internal energy= -2422.3 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 26 Page No:207" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nm=1.5 #Saturated steam in Kg\nx1=1 \nx2=0.6 \nP1=5*10**5 #Absolute pressure in bar\n#From steam table at pressure basis 5 bar\nhg1=2747.5 #In KJ/Kg\nVg1=0.3747 #In m**3/Kg\nV1=0.3747 #In m**3/Kg\nV2=0.3747 #In m**3/Kg\n#From steam table at Vg2 is 2.9 bar\nP2=2.9*10**5 #Absolute pressure in bar \nt2=132.4 #In degree celsius \nhf2=556.5 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg2=2166.6 #In KJ/Kg\n\n\n \n#Calculation\nVg2=V2/x2 #Constant volume process in m**3/Kg\nu1=hg1-((P1*Vg1)/1000) #Initial internal energy in KJ/Kg\nu2=(hf2+x2*hfg2)-((P2*V2)/1000) #Final internal energy in KJ\ndeltaU=(u1-u2)*m #Heat supplied in KJ\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Constant volume process= \",round(Vg2,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Initial internal energy= \",u1,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Final internal energy= \",round(u2,1),\"KJ\")\nprint(\"Heat supplied= \",round(deltaU,2),\"KJ\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Constant volume process= 0.6245 m**3/Kg\nInitial internal energy= 2560.15 KJ/Kg\nFinal internal energy= 1747.8 KJ\nHeat supplied= 1218.53 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 27 Page No:208" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP1=20 #Initial steam in bar\nx1=0.95 #dryness throttled\nP2=1.2 #Absolute pressure in bar\n\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 20 bar)\nts=212.4 #In degree celsius\nhf=908.6 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1888.6 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2797.2 #In KJ/Kg\n#From steam table (pressure basis at 1.2 bar)\nh2=h1 #In KJ/Kg\nts2=104.8 #In degree celsius\nhf2=439.3 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg2=2244.1 #In KJ/Kg\nhg2=2683.4 #In KJ/Kg\nCps=2.3\n\n\n#Calculation\nh1=hf+x1*hfg #Enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg\ntsup2=((h1-hg2)/Cps)+ts2 #Enthalpy of wet steam in degree celsius\nDOS=tsup2-ts2 #Degree of superheat in degree celsius\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of steam= \",h1,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam= \",round(tsup2,2),\"degree celsius\")\nprint(\"Degree of superheat= \",round(DOS,2),\"degree celsius\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of steam= 2702.77 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of wet steam= 113.22 degree celsius\nDegree of superheat= 8.42 degree celsius\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 28 Page No:209" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP1=12 #Throttled steam\nx1=0.96 #Dryness is brottled\nx2=1 #Constant enthalpy process\n#From steam table at12 bar\nts=188 #In degree celsius\nhf=798.4 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1984.3 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2782.7 #In KJ/Kg\n\n\n#Calculation\nh1=hf+x1*hfg #Enthalpy of the steam in KJ/Kg \nh2=h1 #Enthalpy after throttling in KJ/Kg \n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of the steam= \",round(h1,2),\"KJ/Kg \")\nprint(\"Enthalpy after throttlin= \",round(h2,2),\"KJ/Kg \")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of the steam= 2703.33 KJ/Kg \nEnthalpy after throttlin= 2703.33 KJ/Kg \n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 29 Page No:210" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nP1=15 #Initial steam in bar\ntsup1=250+273 #Temperature of steam in degree celsius\nP2=0.5 #Steam turbine in bar\n\n#From steam table at 15 bar\nts1=198.3+273 #In degree celsius \nhg1=2789.9 #In KJ/Kg\nsf1=2.3145 #In KJ/KgK\nsfg1=4.1261 #In KJ/KgK\nsg1=6.4406 #In KJ/KgK\n#From steam table at 0.5 bar\nts2=81.53 #In degree celsius \nsf2=1.0912 #In KJ/Kg\nsfg2=6.5035 #In KJ/Kg\nsg2=7.5947 #In KJ/Kg\nhf2=340.6\nCps=2.3\nhfg2=2646\n\n#Calculation\nS1=sg1+Cps*(math.log(tsup1/ts1)) #Entropy of superheated steam in KJ/KgK\nS2=S1 #Entropy after isentropic processes in KJ/KgK\nx2=(S2-sf2)/sfg2 #Enthalpy of wet steam \nh1=hg1+Cps*(tsup1-ts1) #Enthalpy of steam at 15 bar\nh2=hf2+x2*hfg2 #Enthalpy of wet steam at 0.5 bar\nWOT=h1-h2 #Work output of the turbine\n\n#OUTPUT\nprint(\"Entropy of superheated steam= \",round(S1,2),\"KJ/KgK\")\nprint(\"Entropy after isentropic processes= \",round(S2,2),\"KJ/KgK\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam= \",round(x2,2),\"\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of steam= \",h1,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam= \",round(h2,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Work output of the turbine= \",round(WOT,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Entropy of superheated steam= 6.68 KJ/KgK\nEntropy after isentropic processes= 6.68 KJ/KgK\nEnthalpy of wet steam= 0.86 \nEnthalpy of steam= 2908.81 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of wet steam= 2614.45 KJ/Kg\nWork output of the turbine= 294.36 KJ/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_11_Steam_Boilers_TQuXuTV.ipynb b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_11_Steam_Boilers_TQuXuTV.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1756a99f --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_11_Steam_Boilers_TQuXuTV.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,482 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "Chapter 11 Steam Boilers" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Chapter 11 Steam Boilers" + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 1 Page No:228" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nms=5000 #Boiler produces wet steam in Kg/h\nx=0.95 #Dryness function\nP=10 #Operating pressure in bar\nmf=5500 #Bour in the furnace in Kg\nTw=40 #Feed water temp in degree celsius\n\n#calculation\n#from steam table\nhfw=167.45 #In KJ/Kg\nhf=762.61 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=2031.6 #In KJ/Kg\nhs=(hf+x*hfg) #Enthalpy of wet stream in KJ/Kg\nme=ms/mf #Mass of evaporation\nE=((me*(hs-hfw))/(2257))*10 #Equivalent evaporation in Kg/Kg of coal\n\n#output\n\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet stream=\",round(hs,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Mass of evaporation=\",round(me,2),)\nprint(\"Equivalent evaporation=\",round(E,2),\"Kg/Kg of coal\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of wet stream= 2692.63 KJ/Kg\nMass of evaporation= 0.91\nEquivalent evaporation= 10.17 Kg/Kg of coal\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 2 Page No:229" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\np=14 #Boiler pressure in bar\nme=9 #Evaporates of water in Kg\nTw=35 #Feed water entering in degree celsius\nx=0.9 #Steam stop value\nCV=35000 #Calorific value of the coal\n\n#Calculation\n#From Steam Table\nhfw=146.56 #In KJ/Kg\nhf=830.07 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1957.7 #In KJ/Kg\nhs=hf+x*hfg #Enthalpy of wet stream in KJ/Kg\nE=((me*(hs-hfw))/2257) #Equivalent evaporation in Kg/Kg of coal\netaboiler=((me*(hs-hfw))/CV)*100#Boiler efficiency in %\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet stream=\",hs,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Equivalent evaporation=\",round(E,2),\"Kg/Kg of coal\")\nprint(\"Boiler efficiency=\",round(etaboiler,2),\"%\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of wet stream= 2592.0 KJ/Kg\nEquivalent evaporation= 9.75 Kg/Kg of coal\nBoiler efficiency= 62.88 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 3 Page No:228" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nms=2500 #Saturated steam per bour in Kg\nx=1 \nP=15 #Boiler pressure in bar\nTw=25 #Feed water entering in degree celsius \nmf=350 #Coal burnt in Kg/bour\nCV=32000 #Calorific value in Kj/Kg \n\n#calculation\n#steam table\nhfw=104.77 #In KJ/Kg\nhf=844.66 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1945.2 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2789.9 #In KJ/Kg\nhs=2789.9 #Enthalpy of dry steam in KJ/Kg\nme=ms/mf #mass of evaporation \nE=((me*(hs-hfw))/2257) #Equivalent evaporation in Kg/Kg ofcoal\netaboiler=((me*(hs-hfw))/CV)*100 #Boiler efficiency in %\n\n#Output\nprint(\"mass of evaporation=\",round(me,3),)\nprint(\"Equivalent evaporation=\",round(E,2),\"Kg/Kg ofcoal\")\nprint(\"Boiler efficiency=\",round(etaboiler,2),\"%\")\n\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "mass of evaporation= 7.143\nEquivalent evaporation= 8.5 Kg/Kg ofcoal\nBoiler efficiency= 59.94 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4 Page No:231" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nmf=500 #Boiler plant consumes of coal in Kg/h\nCV=32000 #Calorific value in Kj/Kg\nms=3200 #plant generates in Kg/h\nP=1.2 #Absolute pressure MN/m**2\nMN=12 \nTsup=300 #Absolute temperature in degree celsius\nTw=35 #Feed water temperature\nCps=2.3\n\n#calculation\nhfw=146.56 #In KJ/Kg\nTs=187.96 #In Degree celsius\nhf=798.43 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1984.3 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2782.7 #In KJ/Kg\nhs=hg+Cps*(Tsup-Ts) #Enthalpy of superheated steam in KJ/Kg\nme=ms/mf #mass of evaporation \nE=((me*(hs-hfw))/2257) #Equivalent evaporation in Kg/Kg ofcoal\netaboiler=((me*(hs-hfw))/CV)*100#Boiler efficiency in %\n \n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam=\",round(hs,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"mass of evaporation=\",me,)\nprint(\"Equivalent evaporation=\",round(E,1),\"Kg/Kg ofcoal\")\nprint(\"Boiler efficiency\",round(etaboiler,2),\"%\")\n \n\n \n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of superheated steam= 3040.39 KJ/Kg\nmass of evaporation= 6.4\nEquivalent evaporation= 8.2 Kg/Kg ofcoal\nBoiler efficiency 57.88 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 5 Page No:232" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nms=5000 #Steam generted in Kg/h\nmf=700 #Coal burnt in Kg/h \nCV=31402 #Cv of coal in KJ/Kg\nx=0.92 #quality of steam\nP=1.2 #Boiler pressure in MPa\nTw=45 #Feed water temperature in degree celsius\n\n\n#calculation\nhfw=188.35 #In KJ/Kg\nhf=798.43 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1984.3 #In KJ/Kg\nhs=hf+x*hfg #Enthalpy of wet stream in KJ/Kg\nme=ms/mf #mass of evaporation \nE=((me*(hs-hfw))/2257) #Equivalent evaporation in Kg/Kg of coal\netaboiler=((me*(hs-hfw))/CV)*100 #Boiler efficiency in %\n\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet stream=\",round(hs,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"mass of evaporation=\",round(me,2),\"\")\nprint(\"Equivalent evaporation=\",round(E,1),\"Kg/Kg of coal\")\nprint(\"Boiler efficiency=\",round(etaboiler,2),\"%\")\n \n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of wet stream= 2623.99 KJ/Kg\nmass of evaporation= 7.14 \nEquivalent evaporation= 7.7 Kg/Kg of coal\nBoiler efficiency= 55.4 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 6 Page No:233" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nms=6000 #Boiler produce of steam Kg/h\nP=25 #Boiler pressure in bar\nTsup=350 #Boiler temperature in degree celsius\nTw=40 #Feed water temperature indegree celsius\nCV=42000 #Calorific value in Kj/Kg\netaboiler=75/100 #Expected thermal efficiency in %\n\n\n#Calculation\nhfw=167.45 #In KJ/Kg\nTs=223.94 #In degree celsius \nhf=961.96 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1839.0 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2800.9 #In KJ/Kg\nCps=2.3\nhs=((hg)+(Cps)*(Tsup-Ts)) #Enthalpy of superheated steam KJ/Kg\nmf=((ms*(hs-hfw))/(CV*etaboiler)) #Boiler efficiency in %\nme=ms/mf #Equivalent mass of evaporation\nE=((me*(hs-hfw))/2257) #Equivalent evaporation in Kg/Kg of oil\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam=\",hs,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Boiler efficiency=\",round(mf,1),\"%\")\nprint(\"Equivalent mass of evaporation=\",round(me,3),)\nprint(\"Equivalent evaporation=\",round(E,2),\"Kg/Kg of oil\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of superheated steam= 3090.838 KJ/Kg\nBoiler efficiency= 556.8 %\nEquivalent mass of evaporation= 10.775\nEquivalent evaporation= 13.96 Kg/Kg of oil\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 7 Page No:234" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nE=12 #Boiler found steam in Kg/Kg\nCV=35000 #Calorific value in KJ/Kg\nms=15000 #Boiler produces in Kg/h\nP=20 #Boiler pressure in bar\nTw=40 #Feed water in degree celsius\nmf=1800 #Fuel consumption\n\n\n#calculation\n#R=me(hs-hfw)\nhfw=167.45 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2797.2 #In KJ/Kg\nTs=211.37 #In degree celsius\nCps=2.3\nR=E*2257 #Equivalent evaporation in KJ/Kg of coal\netaboiler=(R/CV)*100 #Boiler efficiency in %\nme=ms/mf #Equivalent mass evaporation in KJ/Kg of coal \nhs=(R/me)+hfw # In KJ/Kg\nTsup=((hs-hg)/Cps)+Ts #Enthalpy of superheated steam in degree celsius\n\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Equivalent evaporation=\",R,\"KJ/Kg of coal\")\nprint(\"Boiler efficiency=\",round(etaboiler,2),\"%\")\nprint(\"Equivalent mass evaporation=\",round(me,2),\"KJ/Kg of coal\")\nprint(\"hs=\",round(hs,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam=\",round(Tsup,2),\"degree celsius\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Equivalent evaporation= 27084 KJ/Kg of coal\nBoiler efficiency= 77.38 %\nEquivalent mass evaporation= 8.33 KJ/Kg of coal\nhs= 3417.53 KJ/Kg\nEnthalpy of superheated steam= 481.08 degree celsius\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 8 Page No:236" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nms=6000 #Steam generated in Kg/h\nmf=700 #Coal burnt in Kg/h\nCV=31500 #Cv of coal in KJ/Kg\nx=0.92 #Dryness in fraction of steam\nP=12 #Boiler pressure in bar\nTsup=259 #Temperature of steam in degree celsius\nTw=45 #Hot well temperature in degree celsius\n\n#calculation\nhfw=188.35 #In KJ/Kg\nTs=187.96 #In degree celsius\nhf=798.43 #In KJ/Kg\nhfg=1984.3 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2782.7 #In KJ/Kg\nCps=2.3 \nme=ms/mf #Equivalent mass evaporation\nhs=hf+x*hfg #Enthalpy of wet steam in KJ/Kg\nE=((me*(hs-hfw))/2257) #Equivalent evaporation in Kg/Kg of coal\nhs1=(hg+Cps*(Tsup-Ts)) #Enthalpy of superheated steam in KJ/Kg\nE1=((me*(hs1-hfw))/2257) #Equivalent evaporation(with superheater) in Kg/Kg of coal\netaboiler=((me*(hs-hfw))/CV)*100 #Boiler efficiency without superheater in %\netaboiler1=((me*(hs1-hfw))/CV)*100#Boiler efficiency with superheater in %\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Equivalent mass evaporation=\",round(me,2),)\nprint(\"Enthalpy of wet steam=\",hs,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Equivalent evaporation=\",round(E,2),\"Kg/Kg of coal\")\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam=\",round(hs1,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Equivalent evaporation(with superheater)=\",round(E1,2),\"Kg/Kg of coal\")\nprint(\"Boiler efficiency without superheater=\",round(etaboiler,2),\"%\")\nprint(\"Boiler efficiency without superheater=\",round(etaboiler1,2),\"%\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Equivalent mass evaporation= 8.57\nEnthalpy of wet steam= 2623.986 KJ/Kg\nEquivalent evaporation= 9.25 Kg/Kg of coal\nEnthalpy of superheated steam= 2946.09 KJ/Kg\nEquivalent evaporation(with superheater)= 10.47 Kg/Kg of coal\nBoiler efficiency without superheater= 66.28 %\nBoiler efficiency without superheater= 75.04 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 9 Page No:237" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP=15 #Boiler produces steam in bar\nTsup=250 #Boiler temperature in degree celsius \nTw=35 #Feed water in degree celsius\nMWh=1.5 #steam supplied to the turbine\nCV=32000 #Coal of calorific value in KJ/Kg\netaboiler=80/100 #Thermal efficiency in %\nfr=210 #Firing rate in Kg/m**2/h\n#From steam table(temp basis at 35 degree celsius)\nhfw=146.56 #In KJ/Kg\nTs=198.29 #In degree celsius\nhfg=1945.2 #In KJ/Kg\nhg=2789.9 #In KJ/Kg\nCps=2.3 \n\n\n#calculator\nhs=hg+Cps*(Tsup-Ts) #Enthalpy of superheated steam(with superheater) in KJ/Kg\nms=9000/MWh #Steam rate in Kg/MWh\nmf=((ms*(hs-hfw))/(etaboiler*CV)) #Mass of steam consumption in Kg/h\nGA=mf/fr #Grate rate in m**2\n\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Enthalpy of superheated steam(with superheater)=\",hs,\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Steam rate=\",ms,\"Kg/h\")\nprint(\"ass of steam consumption=\",round(mf,1),\"Kg/h\")\nprint(\"Grate rate=\",round(GA,3),\"m**2\")\n\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Enthalpy of superheated steam(with superheater)= 2908.833 KJ/Kg\nSteam rate= 6000.0 Kg/h\nass of steam consumption= 647.4 Kg/h\nGrate rate= 3.083 m**2\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 10 Page No:242" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nma=18 #Boileruses of per Kg of fuel in Kg/Kg\nhw=25*10**-3 #Chimney height to produce draught in mm\nTg=315+273 #Temperature of chimney gases in degree celsius \nTa=27+273 #Out side air temp in degree celsius\n\n#Calculation\n#Draught produce in terms of water column in m\nH=(hw/(353*(1/Ta-1/Tg*((ma+1)/ma))))*1000\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Draught produce in terms of water column=\",round(H,2),\"m\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Draught produce in terms of water column= 46.04 m\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 11 Page No:242" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nH=40 #High discharge in m\nma=19 #Fuel gases per Kg of fuel burnt\nTg=220+273 #Average temp of fuel gases in degree celsius\nTa=25+273 #Ambient temperature in degreee celsius\n\n\n#calculation\nhw=353*H*(1/Ta-1/Tg*((ma+1)/ma)) #Draught produce in terms of water column in mm\nH1=H*((Tg/Ta)*(ma/(ma+1))-1) #Draught produce in terms of hot gas column in m\n\n#output\nprint(\"Draught produce in terms of water column=\",round(hw,2),\"mm\")\nprint(\"Draught produce in terms of hot gas column=\",round(H1,2),\"m\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Draught produce in terms of water column= 17.23 mm\nDraught produce in terms of hot gas column= 22.87 m\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 12 Page No:243" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nH=27 #Chimney height in m\nhw=15 #Draught produces of water column in mm\nma=21 #Gases formed per Kg of fuel burnt in Kg/Kg\nTa=25+273 #Temperature of the ambient air in degree celsius\n\n\n#calculation\nTg=-(((ma+1)/ma)/((hw/(353*H))-(1/Ta))) #Mean temperature of fuel gases in K\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Mean temperature of fuel gases\",Tg,\"k\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Mean temperature of fuel gases 587.9248031162673 k\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 13 Page No:244" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nhw=20 #Static draught of water in mm\nH=50 #Chimney height in m\nTg=212+273 #Temperature of the fuel degree celsius\nTa=27+273 #Atmospheric air in degree celsius\n\n#calculation\nma=(-((hw/(353*H))-Ta*Tg))*10**-4 #Air-fuel ratio in Kg/Kg of fuel burnt-3\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Air-fuel ratio\",round(ma,1),\"Kg/Kg of fuel burnt\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Air-fuel ratio 14.5 Kg/Kg of fuel burnt\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 14 Page No:245" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nH=24 #Chimney height in m\nTa=25+273 #Ambient temperature in degree celsius\nTg=300+273 #Temperature of fuel gases in degree celsius\nma=20 #Combustion space of fuel burnt in Kg/Kgof fuel\ng=9.81 \n\n\n#calculation\nhw=((353*H)*((1/Ta)-((1/Tg)*((ma+1)/ma))))#Theoretical draught in millimeters of water in mm\nH1=H*((Tg/Ta)*(ma/(ma+1))-1) #Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column in m\nH2=H1-9.975 #Draught lost in friction at the grate and passage in m\nV=math.sqrt(2*g*H2) #Actual draught produced in hot gas column in m\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Theoretical draught in millimeters of water=\",round(hw,2),\"mm\")\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(H1,2),\"m\")\nprint(\"Draught lost in friction at the grate and passage=\",round(H2,3),\"m\")\nprint(\"Actual draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(V,),\"m\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Theoretical draught in millimeters of water= 12.9 mm\nTheoretical draught produced in hot gas column= 19.95 m\nDraught lost in friction at the grate and passage= 9.975 m\nActual draught produced in hot gas column= 14 m\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 15 Page No:246" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nH=38 #Stack height in m\nd=1.8 #Stack diameter discharge in m\nma=17 #Fuel gases per Kg of fuel burnt Kg/Kg\nTg=277+273 #Average temperature of fuel gases in degree celsius\nTa=27+273 #Temperature of outside air in degree celsius\nh1=0.4 #Theoretical draught is lost in friction in \ng=9.81\npi=3.142\n\n#calculation\nH1=H*(((Tg/Ta)*(ma/(ma+1))-1))#Theoretical draught produce in hot gas column in m\ngp=0.45*27.8 #Draught lost in friction at the grate and pasage in m\nC=H1-gp #Actual draught produce in hot gas column in m\nV=math.sqrt(2*9.81*C) #Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney in m/s\nrhog=((353*(ma+1))/(ma*Tg)) #Density of flue gases in Kg/m**3\nmg=(rhog*((pi/4)*(d**(2))*V)) #Mass of gas flowing through the chimney in Kg/s\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produce in hot gas column=\",round(H1,1),\"m\")\nprint(\"Draught lost in friction at the grate and pasage=\",gp,\"m\")\nprint(\"Actual draught produce in hot gas column=\",round(C,2),\"m\")\nprint(\"Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney =\",round(V,2),\"m/s\")\nprint(\"Density of flue gases=\",round(rhog,3),\"Kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Mass of gas flowing through the chimney=\",round(mg,),\"Kg/s\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Theoretical draught produce in hot gas column= 27.8 m\nDraught lost in friction at the grate and pasage= 12.51 m\nActual draught produce in hot gas column= 15.29 m\nVelocity of the flue gases in the chimney = 17.32 m/s\nDensity of flue gases= 0.68 Kg/m**3\nMass of gas flowing through the chimney= 30 Kg/s\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 16 Page No:247" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nhw=1.9 #Drauhgt water in cm\nTg=290+273 #Temp of flue gases in degree celsius \nTa=20+273 #Ambient temp in degree celsius\nma=22 #Flue gases formed in kg/Kg of coal\nd=1.8 #Fuel burnt in m\npi=3.142\ng=9.81\n\n#calculation\nH=(hw/(353*(1/Ta-1/Tg*((ma+1)/ma))))*10 #Theoretical draught produced in water column in m\nH1=H*(((Tg/Ta)*(ma/(ma+1))-1)) #Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column n m\nV=math.sqrt(2*g*H1) #Velocity of tthe flue gases in the chimney in m/s \nrhog=((353*(ma+1))/(ma*Tg)) #Density of flue gases in Kg/m**3\nmg=rhog*((pi/4)*d**2)*V #Mass of gas flowing through the chimney in Kg/s\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in water column=\",round(H,1),\"m\")\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(H1,),\"m\")\nprint(\"Velocity of tthe flue gases in the chimney=\",round(V,2),\"m\")\nprint(\"Density of flue gases=\",round(rhog,4),\"Kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Mass of gas flowing through the chimney=\",round(mg,1),\"Kg/s\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Theoretical draught produced in water column= 34.6 m\nTheoretical draught produced in hot gas column= 29 m\nVelocity of tthe flue gases in the chimney= 23.85 m\nDensity of flue gases= 0.6555 Kg/m**3\nMass of gas flowing through the chimney= 39.8 Kg/s\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 17 Page No:248" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nmf=8000 #Average coal consumption in Kg/h\nma=19 #Flue gases formed in Kg/Kg\nTg=270+273 #Average temperature of the chimney in degree celsius\nTa=27+273 #Ambient temperature in degree celsius\nhw=18 #Theoretical draught produced by the chimney in mm\nh1=0.6 #Draught is lost in friction H1\ng=9.81\npi=3.142\n\n\n#calculation\nH=(hw/(353*(1/Ta-1/Tg*((ma+1)/ma)))) #Theoretical draught produced in water column in m\nH1=H*(((Tg/Ta)*(ma/(ma+1)))-1) #Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column in m\ngp=h1*H1 #Draught is lost in friction at the grate and passing in m\nhgc=H1-gp #Actual draught produced in hot gas column in m\nV=math.sqrt(2*g*(hgc)) #Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney in m/s\nrhog=((353*(ma+1))/(ma*Tg)) #Density of flue gases in Kg/m**3\nmg=((mf/3600)*ma) #Mass of gas fowing throgh the chimney in Kg/s\nd=math.sqrt(mg/(rhog*(pi/4)*V)) #Diameter of the chimney in m\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in water column=\",round(H,1),\"m\")\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(H1,3),\"m\")\nprint(\"Draught is lost in friction at the grate and passing=\",round(gp,2),\"m\")\nprint(\"Actual draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(hgc,3),\"m\")\nprint(\"Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney=\",round(V,2),\"\")\nprint(\"Density of flue gases=\",round(rhog,3),\"Kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Mass of gas fowing throgh the chimney=\",round(mg,3),\"Kg/s\")\nprint(\"Diameter of the chimney=\",round(d,3),\"m\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Theoretical draught produced in water column= 36.6 m\nTheoretical draught produced in hot gas column= 26.304 m\nDraught is lost in friction at the grate and passing= 15.78 m\nActual draught produced in hot gas column= 10.522 m\nVelocity of the flue gases in the chimney= 14.37 \nDensity of flue gases= 0.684 Kg/m**3\nMass of gas fowing throgh the chimney= 42.222 Kg/s\nDiameter of the chimney= 2.338 m\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 18 Page No:251" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nH=24 #Chimney height in m\nTa=25+273 #Ambient temperature in degree celsius\nTg=300+273 #Temp of flue gases passing through the chimney in degree celsius\nma=20 #Combustion space of fuel burnt in Kg/kg of fuel\ng=9.81\n\n#calculation\nhw=((353*H)*((1/Ta)-((1/Tg)*((ma+1)/ma)))) #Theoretical draught produced in water column in m\n ##Calculation mistake in book of hw it is correct according to data &calculation\n\nH1=H*(((Tg/Ta)*(ma/(ma+1))-1)) #Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column in m\nH2=0.5*H1 #Draught is lost in friction at the grate and passing in m\nhgc=H1-H2 #Actual draught produced in hot gas column in m\nV=math.sqrt(2*g*H2) #Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney in m/s\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in water column=\",round(hw,1),\"m\")\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(H1,2),\"m\")\nprint(\"Draught is lost in friction at the grate and passing=\",round(H2,3),\"m\")\nprint(\"Actual draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(hgc,3),\"m\")\nprint(\"Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney=\",round(V,),\"m/s\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Theoretical draught produced in water column= 12.9 m\nTheoretical draught produced in hot gas column= 19.95 m\nDraught is lost in friction at the grate and passing= 9.975 m\nActual draught produced in hot gas column= 9.975 m\nVelocity of the flue gases in the chimney= 14 m/s\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 19 Page No:252" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nH=38 #Stack height in m\nd=1.8 #Stack diameter in m\nma=18 #Flue gases per kg of the fuel burnt\nTg=277+273 #Average temp of the flue gases in degree celsius\nTa=27+273 #Temperature of outside air in degree celsius\nh1=0.4 #Theorical draught is lost in friction in %\ng=9.81\n\n#calculation\nH1=H*(((Tg/Ta)*(ma/(ma+1))-1)) #Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column in m\ngp=0.40*H1 #Draught is lost in friction at the grate and passing in m\nhgc=H1-gp #Actual draught produced in hot gas column in m\nV=math.sqrt(2*g*hgc) #Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney in m/s\nrhog=((353*(ma+1))/(ma*Tg)) #Density of flue gases in Kg/m**3\nmg=rhog*((pi/4)*d**2)*V #Mass of gas fowing throgh the chimney in Kg/s\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(H1,3),\"m\")\nprint(\"Draught is lost in friction at the grate and passing=\",round(gp,2),\"m\")\nprint(\"Actual draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(hgc,2),\"m\")\nprint(\"Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney=\",round(V,2),\"m/s\")\nprint(\"Density of flue gases=\",round(rhog,2),\"Kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Mass of gas fowing throgh the chimney=\",round(mg,1),\"Kg/s\")\n\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column= 28.0 m\nDraught is lost in friction at the grate and passing= 11.2 m\nActual draught produced in hot gas column= 16.8 m\nVelocity of the flue gases in the chimney= 18.16 m/s\nDensity of flue gases= 0.68 Kg/m**3\nMass of gas fowing throgh the chimney= 31.3 Kg/s\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 20 Page No:253" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nhw=19 #Draught produced water in cm\nTg=290+273 #Temperature of flue gases in degree celsius\nTa=20+273 #Ambient temperature in degree celsius\nma=22 #Flue gases formed per kg of fuel burnt in kg/kg of coal \nd=1.8 #Diameter of chimney\ng=9.81\n\n\n#calculation\nH=(hw/((353)*((1/Ta)-((1/Tg)*((ma+1)/ma))))) #Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column in m\nH1=H*(((Tg/Ta)*(ma/(ma+1))-1)) #Draught is lost in friction at the grate and passing in m\nV=math.sqrt(2*g*H1) #Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney in m/s\nrhog=((353*(ma+1))/(ma*Tg)) #Density of flue gases in Kg/m**3\nmg=rhog*((pi/4)*d**2)*V #Mass of gas fowing throgh the chimney in Kg/s\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(H,),\"m\")\nprint(\"Draught is lost in friction at the grate and passing=\",round(H1,1),\"m\")\nprint(\"Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney=\",round(V,2),\"m/s\")\nprint(\"Density of flue gases=\",round(rhog,4),\" Kg/m**\")\nprint(\"Mass of gas fowing throgh the chimney=\",round(mg,1),\"Kg/s\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column= 35 m\nDraught is lost in friction at the grate and passing= 29.0 m\nVelocity of the flue gases in the chimney= 23.85 m/s\nDensity of flue gases= 0.6555 Kg/m**\nMass of gas fowing throgh the chimney= 39.8 Kg/s\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 21 Page No:254" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nmf=8000 #Average coal consumption in m \nma=18 #Fuel gases formed ccoal fired in m\nTg=270+273 #Average temp of the chimney of water in degree celsius\nTa=27+273 #Ambient temp in degree celsius\nhw=18 #Theoretical draught produced by the chimney in mm\nh1=0.6 #Draught is lost in friction in H1\ng=9.81\npi=3.142\n\n\n#calculation\nH=(hw/((353)*((1/Ta)-((1/Tg)*((ma+1)/ma))))) #Theoretical draught produced in water column in m\nH1=H*(((Tg/Ta)*(ma/(ma+1))-1)) #Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column in m\ngp=0.6*H1 #Draught is lost in friction at the grate and passing in m\nhgc=H1-gp #Actual draught produced in hot gas column in m \nV=math.sqrt(2*g*hgc) #Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney in m/s\nrhog=((353*(ma+1))/(ma*Tg)) #Density of flue gases in Kg/m**3\nmg=mf/3600*(ma+1) #Mass of gas fowing throgh the chimney in Kg/s\nd=math.sqrt(mg/(rhog*(pi/4)*V)) #Diameter of flue gases in Kg/m**3\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in water column=\",round(H,1),\"m\")\nprint(\"Theoretical draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(H1,2),\"m\")\nprint(\"Draught is lost in friction at the grate and passing=\",round(gp,2),\"m\")\nprint(\"Actual draught produced in hot gas column=\",round(hgc,2),\"\")\nprint(\"Velocity of the flue gases in the chimney=\",round(V,2),\"m/s\")\nprint(\"Density of flue gases=\",round(rhog,3),\"Kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Mass of gas fowing throgh the chimney=\",round(mg,2),\"Kg/s\")\nprint(\"Diameter of flue gases=\",round(d,3),\"Kg/m**3\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Theoretical draught produced in water column= 36.7 m\nTheoretical draught produced in hot gas column= 26.23 m\nDraught is lost in friction at the grate and passing= 15.74 m\nActual draught produced in hot gas column= 10.49 \nVelocity of the flue gases in the chimney= 14.35 m/s\nDensity of flue gases= 0.686 Kg/m**3\nMass of gas fowing throgh the chimney= 42.22 Kg/s\nDiameter of flue gases= 2.337 Kg/m**3\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 22 Page No:256" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nH=45 #Chimney height in m\nTg=370+273 #Temperature of flue gases in degree celsius\nT1=150+273 #Temperature of flue gases in degree celsius\nma=25 #Mass of the flue gas formed in Kg/kg of a cosl fired\nTa=35+273 #The boiler temperature in degree celsius\nCp=1.004 #fuel gas\n\n#calculation\n#Efficeincy of chimney draught in %\nA=(H*(((Tg/Ta)*(ma/(ma+1)))-1))/(Cp*(Tg-T1))*100\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Efficeincy of chimney draught=\",round(A,2),\"%\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Efficeincy of chimney draught= 20.52 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_13_Steam_Engines_zTSDNSc.ipynb b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_13_Steam_Engines_zTSDNSc.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..68bff005 --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_13_Steam_Engines_zTSDNSc.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "Chapter 13 Steam Engines" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 1 Page No:281" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nPa=10 #Single cylinder double acting steam engine pressure in bar \nPb=1.5 #Single cylinder double acting steam engine pressure in bar\nrc=100/35 #Cut-off of the stroke in %\n\n\n#Calculation\nPm=((Pa/rc)*(1+math.log(rc))-Pb) #Therotical mean effective pressure\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Therotical mean effective pressure=\",round(Pm,2),\"bar\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Therotical mean effective pressure= 5.67 bar\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 2 Page No:283" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\n\na=5/100 #Engine cylinder of the stroke valume in %\nP1=12 #Pressure of the stream\nrc=3 #Cut-off is one-third\nPb=1.1 #Constant the back pressure in bar\n\n#Calulation\n#Therotical mean effective pressure Pm\nPm=P1*(1/rc+((1/rc)+a)*math.log((1+a)/((1/rc)+a)))-Pb \n\n#Output\nprint(\"#Therotical mean effective pressure=\",round(Pm,2),\"N/m**2\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "#Therotical mean effective pressure= 7.54 N/m**2\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 3 Page No:285" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nP1=14 #Steam is ssupplied in bar \nP6=6 #Pressure at the end in bar\nPb=1.2 #Pressure at back in bar\na=0.1 \nre=4 \n#From hyperbolic process \nb=0.4\n\n#Calculation\n#Mean Effective pressure in N/m**2 \nPm=P1*((1/re)+((1/re)+a)*math.log((1+a)/((1+re)+a)))-Pb*((1+b)+(a+b)*math.log((a+b)/a))\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Mean Effective pressure=\",round(-Pm,3),\"N/m**2\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Mean Effective pressure= 6.662 N/m**2\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4 Page No:286" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nCover=1200 #Area of the indicator diagram for cover \nCrank=1100 #Area of the indicator diagram for crank\nID=75\nPS=0.15\n\n\n#Calculation\nCoverMEP=Cover/ID*PS #Cover end mean effective pressure\nCrankMEP=Crank/ID*PS #Crank end mean effective pressure\nAverageMEP=(CoverMEP+CrankMEP)/2 #Average end mean effective pressure\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Cover end mean effective pressure=\",CoverMEP,\"bar\")\nprint(\"Crank end mean effective pressure=\",round(CrankMEP,2),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Average end mean effective pressure=\",AverageMEP,\"bar\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Cover end mean effective pressure= 2.4 bar\nCrank end mean effective pressure= 2.2 bar\nAverage end mean effective pressure= 2.3 bar\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 5 Page No:286" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\na=25 #Area of indicator diagram cm**2\nVs=0.15 #swept volume m**2\nS=1 #Scale in cm \ncm=0.02 #pressure axis m**3\n\n\n#Calculation\nb=Vs/cm #Base length of diagram \nPm=a/b*S #Mean effective pressure\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Base length of diagram=\",b,\"bar\")\nprint(\"Mean effective pressure=\",round(Pm,2),\"bar\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Base length of diagram= 7.5 bar\nMean effective pressure= 3.33 bar\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 6 Page No:287" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nP1=14 #Steam Engine pressure in bar\nPb=0.15 #Back pressure in bar\nK=0.72 #Diagram factor\nrc=100/20 \n\n#Calculation\nPm=((P1/rc)*(1+math.log(rc))-Pb) #Therotical mean effective pressure Pm\nPma=Pm*K #Actual mean effective pressure Pma\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Therotical mean effective pressure=\",round(Pm,3),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Actual mean effective pressure=\",round(Pma,2),\"bar\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Therotical mean effective pressure= 7.156 bar\nActual mean effective pressure= 5.15 bar\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 7 Page No:287" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nP1=9 #Reciprocating engine pressure in bar\nPb=1.5 #Back pressure in bar\nrc=100/25 #Cut-off \nK=0.8 #Diagram factor\n\n#Calculation\nPm=((P1/rc)*(1+math.log(rc))-Pb) #Therotical mean effective pressure Pm\nPma=Pm*K #Actual mean effective pressure Pma\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Therotical mean effective pressure= \",round(Pm,2),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Actual mean effective pressure=\",round(Pma,2),\"bar\")\n\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Therotical mean effective pressure= 3.87 bar\nActual mean effective pressure= 3.1 bar\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 8 Page No:288" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nP1=10 #Inlet pressure\nPb=1 #Back pressure\nrc=3 #Expansion ratio\na=12.1 #Area of indicator diagram\nb=7.5 #Length of indicator diagram \nS=3 #Pressure scale\n\n\n#calculation\nPm=((P1/rc)*(1+math.log(rc))-Pb )#Therotical mean effective pressure Pm\nPma=a/b*S #Actual mean effective pressure Pma\nK=Pma/Pm #diagram factor \n\n#Output\nprint(\"Therotical mean effective pressure=\",round(Pm,2),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Actual mean effective pressure=\",round(Pma,2),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Diagram factor=\",round(K,3),)\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Therotical mean effective pressure= 6.0 bar\nActual mean effective pressure= 4.84 bar\nDiagram factor= 0.807\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 9 Page No:289" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nD=200*10**-3 #Steam engine cylinder in mm \nL=300*10**-3 #Bore of steam engine cylinder in mm \nrc=100/40 #Cut-off of the sroke\nP1=7 #Admission pressure of steam in bar\nPb=0.38 #Exhaust pressure of steam in bar\nK=0.8 #Diagram factor\nN=200 #Indicator factor of engine\npi=3.142 #Constant value\n#Indicated power of the engine in rpm\nA=pi*(200*10**-3)**2/4\n\n\n#Calculation\nPm=((P1/rc)*(1+math.log(rc))-Pb) #Therotical mean effective pressure Pm\nPma=Pm*K #Actual mean effective pressure Pma\nIP=(2*Pma*L*A*N/60000)*10**5 #Indicated power of steam engine in Kw\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Therotical mean effective pressure= \",round(Pm,3),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Actual mean effective pressure=\",round(Pma,),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Indicated power of steam engine=\",round(IP,2),\"Kw\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Therotical mean effective pressure= 4.986 bar\nActual mean effective pressure= 4 bar\nIndicated power of steam engine= 25.06 Kw\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 10 Page No:290" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nIP=343 #Steam engine develop indicated power in Kw\nN=180 #power In rpm\nP1=15 #Steam supplied i bar \nPb=1.25 #Steam is exhausted in bar\nrc=100/25 #Cut-off take place of stroke\nK=0.78 #Diagram factor\n#x=L/D=4/3\nx=4/3 #Stroke to bore ratio\npi=3.142\nA=((pi/4)*(D**2))\n\n#calculation\nPm=((P1/rc)*(1+math.log(rc))-Pb) #Therotical mean effective pressure Pm\nPma=Pm*K #Actual mean effective pressure Pma\nD=(((60000*IP)/(2*(Pma*10**5)*(4/3)*N))/(pi/4))**(1/3)#Indicated power of steam engine\nL=(x)*D\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Therotical mean effective pressure=\",round(Pm,2),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Actual mean effective pressure=\",round(Pma,2),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Indicated power of steam engine=\",round(D,3),\"mm\")\nprint(\"Indicated power of steam engine=\",round(L,1),\"mm\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Therotical mean effective pressure= 7.7 bar\nActual mean effective pressure= 6.0 bar\nIndicated power of steam engine= 0.45 mm\nIndicated power of steam engine= 0.6 mm\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 11 Page No:290" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nD=240*10**-3 #Steam engine bor\nL=300*10**-3 #Stroke of engine\nN=220 #Speed of engine 220 in rpm \nIP=36 #Indicated power in Kw\nPb=1.3 #Exhaust pressure in bar\nre=2.5 #Expansion ratio\nK=0.8 #Diagram factor\nA=((pi/4)*(D**2))\n\n\n#Calculation\nPma=((IP*60000)/(2*10**5*L*A*N)) #Indicated power of steam engine in bar\nPm=Pma/K #Actual mean effective pressure in bar\nP1=((Pm+Pb)*re)/(1+math.log(re)) #Theoretical mean effective pressure in bar\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Indicated power of steam engine=\",round(Pma,3),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Actual mean effective pressure=\",round(Pm,3),\"bar\")\nprint(\"theoretical mean effective pressure=\",round(P1,1),\"bar\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Indicated power of steam engine= 3.617 bar\nActual mean effective pressure= 4.521 bar\ntheoretical mean effective pressure= 7.6 bar\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 12 Page No:291" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nD=700*10**-3 #Steam engine diameter in mm\nL=900*10**-3 #Steam engine diameter in mm\nIp=450 #Develop indicated power Kw\nN=90 #Speed of steam engine in rpm\nP2=12 #Pressure at cut-off in bar\nP1=12 #Pressure at cut-off in bar\nPb=1.3 #Back pressure in bar\nK=0.76 #Diameter factor\npi=3.142\nA=((pi/4)*0.7**2)\n\n#Calculation\nPma=(Ip*60000)/(2*10**5*L*A*90) #Indicated power of steam engine in bar\nPm=Pma/K #Theoretical mean effective pressure in bar\n#using trial and error method\nre=1/0.241 #Expansion ratio\n#Output\nprint(\"Indicated power of steam engine=\",round(Pma,2),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Theoretical mean effective pressure=\",round(Pm,1),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Expansion ratio=\",round(re,2),)", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Indicated power of steam engine= 4.33 bar\nTheoretical mean effective pressure= 5.7 bar\nExpansion ratio= 4.15\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 13 Page No:293" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nDb=900*10**-3 #Diameter of break drum in mm\ndr=50*10**-3 #Diameter of rope in mm\nW=105*9.81 #dead weight on the tight side of the rope in Kg\nS=7*9.81 #Spring balance of the rope in N\nN=240 #Speed of the engine in rpm\n\n#Calculation\nT=(W-S)*((Db+dr)/2) #Torque Nm\nBp=2*pi*N*T/ 60000 #Brake Power in Kw\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Torque= \",round(T,2),\"Nm\")\nprint(\"Brake Power=\",round(Bp,2),\"Kw\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Torque= 456.66 Nm\nBrake Power= 11.48 Kw\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 14 Page No:294" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nD=300*10**-3 #steam engine bor\nL=400*10**-3 #stroke \nDb=1.5 #effective brake diameter\nW=6.2*10**3 #net load on the brake\nN=180 #speed of engine in rpm\nPma=6.5*10**3 #mean effective pressure in bar\nA=((pi/4)*0.3**2) \ndr=0\nS=0\n\n#Calculation\nIp=((2*Pma*L*A*N)/60000)*100 #Indicated power of steam engine in Kw\nT=(W-S)*((Db+dr)/2) #Torque in Nm\nBp=2*pi*N*T/ 60000 #Break power Kw\neta=(Bp/Ip)*100 #Mechanical efficiency in%\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Indicated power of steam engine=\",round(Ip,2),\"Kw\")\nprint(\"Torque=\",T,\"Nm\")\nprint(\"Break power=\",round(Bp,2),\"Kw\")\nprint(\"Mechanical efficiency=\",round(eta,1),\"%\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Indicated power of steam engine= 110.28 Kw\nTorque= 4650.0 Nm\nBreak power= 87.66 Kw\nMechanical efficiency= 79.5 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_14_Air_Standard_C_m7SxTPj.ipynb b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_14_Air_Standard_C_m7SxTPj.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..18622795 --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_14_Air_Standard_C_m7SxTPj.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,356 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": " Chapter 14 Air Standard Cycles" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Chapter 14 Air Standard Cycles" + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 1 Page No:302" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nTmax=477+273 #Temperature limits for the engine 477 degree celcius\nTmin=27+273 #Temperature limits for the engine 27 degree celcius\nwd=150 #Carnot cycle produce in KJ\n\n#Calculatkion\neta=(1-(Tmin/Tmax)) #Thermal efficiency of the carnot cycle in %\nQs=(wd/eta) #Added during the process in Kj\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"thermal efficiency of the carnot cycle eta=\",100*(eta),\"%\")\nprint(\"added during the process Qs=\",Qs,\"KJ\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "thermal efficiency of the carnot cycle eta= 60.0 %\nadded during the process Qs= 250.0 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 2 Page No:302" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nQR=1.5 #tau=QS-QR\n #T=Tmax-Tmin\nT=300 #temperature limit of the cycle in degree celsius\n\n\n#Calculation\n#QR=1.5*(QS-QR)\nQR=(1.5/2.5) #Engin work on carnot cycle\neta=(1-QR) #Thermal effeciency\nTmax=(T/eta)-273.15 #Maximum temperataure\nTmin=(Tmax-T) #Minimum temperataure\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Engin work on carnot cycle=\",QR,\"QS\")\nprint(\"Thermal effeciency=\",100*(eta),\"%\")\nprint(\"Maximum temperataure=\",round(Tmax,),\"degree celsius\")\nprint(\"Minimum temperataure=\",round(Tmin,),\"degree celsius\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Engin work on carnot cycle= 0.6 QS\nThermal effeciency= 40.0 %\nMaximum temperataure= 477 degree celsius\nMinimum temperataure= 177 degree celsius\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 3 Page No:303" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\n#Refer figure\nimport math\nT1=300 #Carnot engine work in minimum temperature in kelvin\nT2=750 #Carnot engine work in maximum temperature kelvin\nP2=50 #pressure of carnot engine N/m**2\nP4=1 #pressure of carnot engine N/m**\n#considering air as the working fluid therefore \nR=0.287 #Air as the working fluid in KJ/Kg K\nCp=1.005 #KJ/Kg K\nCv=0.718 #KJ/Kg K\nK=1.4\ngamma=1.4\n\n#Calculation\n#T2/T1=(P2/P1)**(gamma-1)/gamma\nP1=P2*(T1/T2)**(gamma/(gamma-1)) #Pressure at intermediate salient points(1-2) in bar\nP3=P4*(T2/T1)**(gamma/(gamma-1)) #Pressure at intermediate salient points(3-4) in bar\nQS=R*T2*math.log(P2/P3 ) #Heat supplied and rejected per Kg of air in KJ/Kg\nQR=R*T1*math.log(P1/P4 ) #Heat supplied and rejected per Kg of air in KJ/Kg\nW=QS-QR #Work done in KJ/Kg\neta=(1-(T1/T2)) #Thermal of the carnot cycle\n\n#Output\nprint(\"pressure at intermediate salient points(1-2)=\",round(P1,2),\"bar\")\nprint(\"pressure at intermediate salient points(3-4)=\",round(P3,1),\"bar\")\nprint(\"heat supplied and rejected per Kg of air(2-3)=\",round(QS,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"heat supplied and rejected per Kg of air(4-1)=\",round(QR,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"work done=\",round(W,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"thermal of the carnot cycle=\",100*(eta),\"%\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "pressure at intermediate salient points(1-2)= 2.02 bar\npressure at intermediate salient points(3-4)= 24.7 bar\nheat supplied and rejected per Kg of air(2-3)= 151.8 KJ/Kg\nheat supplied and rejected per Kg of air(4-1)= 60.7 KJ/Kg\nwork done= 91.1 KJ/Kg\nthermal of the carnot cycle= 60.0 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4 Page No:304" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#input data \nimport math\nT2=377+273 #Carnot cycle temperature in bar \nP2=20*10**5 #Carnot cycle pressure in bar\nV2=1\nV1=5\nV3=2\n#consider air as the working fluid therefore\nR=0.287 #In KJ/Kg K\nCp=1.005 #In KJ/Kg K\nCv=0.718 #In KJ/Kg K\nK=1.4\ngamma=1.4\n\n#calculation\nT1=T2*((V2/V1)**(gamma-1)) #Minimum temp in degree celsius\nQs=R*T2*math.log(V3/V2) #Heat supplied process in KJ/Kg\nQR=R*T1*math.log((V1/V2)*(V2/V3)*((T2/T1)**(1/(gamma-1)))) #Heat Rejected Process in KJ/Kg\netath=(1-(T1/T2))*100 #Thermal Effeiciency of the carnot cycle in %\n\n\n\n#output\nprint(\"Minimum temp= \",round(T1,1),\"degree celsius\")\nprint(\"Heat supplied process= \",round(Qs,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Heat Rejected Process= \",round(QR,1),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Thermal Effeiciency of the carnot cycle= \",round(etath,1),\" %\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Minimum temp= 341.4 degree celsius\nHeat supplied process= 129.3 KJ/Kg\nHeat Rejected Process= 247.5 KJ/Kg\nThermal Effeiciency of the carnot cycle= 47.5 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 5 Page No:308 " + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP1=1 #Isentropic Compression in bar\nP2=20 #Isentropic Compression in bar\n#consider air as the working fluid therefore\ngamma=1.4\n\n\n#Calculation\nr=(P2/P1)**(1/gamma) #Isentropic process \neta=100*(1-(1/(r**(gamma-1))))#Otto cycle air standard effeciency in %\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"compression ratio=\",round(r,2),)\nprint(\"standard efficiency=\",round(eta,1),\"%\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "compression ratio= 8.5\nstandard efficiency= 57.5 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 6 Page No:308" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nT1=27+273 #Initial temp in degree celsius \nT2=450+273 #Final temp in degree celsius \n\n#calculation\nr=(T2/T1)**(1/(gamma-1)) #Isentropic process \neta=100*(1-(1/(r**(gamma-1)))) #Otto cycle air standard effeciency in %\n\n#output\nprint(\"compression ratio=\",round(r),)\nprint(\"standard efficiency=\",round(eta,1),\"%\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "compression ratio= 9\nstandard efficiency= 58.5 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 7 Page No:309" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nD=200*10**-3 #Otto cycle cylindrical bore in mm\nL=450*10**-3 #Otto cycle Stroke in mm\nvc=2*10**-3 #Clearance volume in mm**3\ngamma=1.4\npi=3.142\n\n#calculation\nvs=(pi/4)*(D**2*L) #Swept volume\nr=((vs+vc)/vc) #Compression ratio\neta=100*(1-(1/(r**(gamma-1)))) #Standard efficiency\n\n#output\nprint(\"Swept volume=\",round(vs,6),\"m**3\")\nprint(\"compression ratio=\",round(r,3),)\nprint(\"standard efficiency=\",round(eta,1),\"%\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Swept volume= 0.014139 m**3\ncompression ratio= 8.07\nstandard efficiency= 56.6 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 8 Page No:309" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP1=0.1*10**6 #Otto cycle air\nT1=35+273 #Otto cycle temp degree celsius\nr=9 #Compression ratio\nQs=1800 #Supplied heat in kJ/kg\nv1=9 \nv2=1\nR=0.287*10**3\ngamma=1.4\nCv=0.718\n\n\n\n#calculation\nT2=(T1*((v1/v2)**(gamma-1))) #Temperature at point 2 in K\nP2=(P1*((v1/v2)**1.4))*10**-6 #pressure at point 2 in MPa \nT3=((Qs/Cv)+(T2)) #Max temp of cycle in degree celsius\nP3=(T3/T2*P2) #Max pressure of cycle in MPa\neta=100*(1-(1/(r**(gamma-1))))#Otto cycle thermal efficiency in %\nWD=(Qs*eta)*10**-2 #Work done during the cycle in KJ/Kg\nv1=((R*T1)/P1) #Char gass equation in m**3/Kg\nv2=v1/r #Char gass equation in m**3/Kg\nSv=v1-v2 #Swept volume in m**3/Kg\nPme=(WD/Sv)*10**-3 #Mean effective pressure in MPa\nalpha=P3/P2 #Explosion ratio\nPm=(((P1*r)/((r-1)*(gamma-1)))*(((r**(gamma-1))-1)*(alpha-1)))*10**-6#Mean effective pressure in MPa\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Temperature at point=\",round(T2,1),\"K\")\nprint(\"pressure at point=\",round(P2,3),\"MPa\")\nprint(\"Max temp of cycle=\",round(T3,3),\"K\")\nprint(\"Max pressure= \",round(P3,1),\"MPa\")\nprint(\"Otto cycle thermal efficiency=\",round(eta,1),\"%\")\nprint(\"Work done during the cycle=\",round(WD,),\"J/Kg\")\nprint(\"Char gass equation=\",round(v1,3),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Char gass equation=\",round(v2,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Swept volume=\",round(Sv,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Mean effective pressure=\",round(Pme,2),\"MPa\")\nprint(\"Explosion ratio=\",round(alpha,2))\nprint(\"Mean effective pressure=\",round(Pm,2),\"MPa\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Temperature at point= 741.7 K\npressure at point= 2.167 MPa\nMax temp of cycle= 3248.697 K\nMax pressure= 9.5 MPa\nOtto cycle thermal efficiency= 58.5 %\nWork done during the cycle= 1053 J/Kg\nChar gass equation= 0.884 m**3/Kg\nChar gass equation= 0.0982 m**3/Kg\nSwept volume= 0.7857 m**3/Kg\nMean effective pressure= 1.34 MPa\nExplosion ratio= 4.38\nMean effective pressure= 1.34 MPa\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 9 Page No:311" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP1=0.1 #Beginning compression in MPa\nT1=40+273 #Beginning temp in degree celsius\neta=0.55 #Standard effeciency in %\nQR=540 #Rejected heat in KJ/Kg\nr=7.36 #Compression ratio\n\n\n#calculation\n#eta=(1-(1/(r**(gamma-1))))\nQS=(-QR/(eta-1)) #Heat supplied/unit mass in KJ/Kg\nWD=QS-QR #Work done per Kg of air in KJ/Kg\nT2=T1*(r**(gamma-1)) #Temp at end of compression in K\nP2=P1*((r)**gamma) #pressure at point 2 in MPa\nT3=(QS/Cv)+T2 #max temp of the cycle in K\nP3=(T3/T2)*P2 #max pressure of the cycle in MPa\n\n#output\nprint(\"Heat supplied/unit mass=\",round(QS,),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Work done per Kg of air= \",round(WD,),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Temp at end of compression=\",round(T2,1),\"K\")\nprint(\"pressure at point two=\",round(P2,3),\" MPa\")\nprint(\"max temp of the cycle=\",round(T3,1),\"K\")\nprint(\"max pressure of the cycle=\",round(P3,3),\" MPa\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Heat supplied/unit mass= 1200 KJ/Kg\nWork done per Kg of air= 660 KJ/Kg\nTemp at end of compression= 695.5 K\npressure at point two= 1.635 MPa\nmax temp of the cycle= 2366.8 K\nmax pressure of the cycle= 5.565 MPa\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 10 Page No:312" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nT1=300 #Initial temp in K\nT3=2500 #Final temp in K\nP1=1 #Initial pressure in N/m**2\nP3=50 #Final pressure in N/m**2\ngamma=1.4\nCv=0.718\n\n#calculation\nr=(P3*T1)/(P1*T3) #Compression ratio\neta=(1-(1/r**(gamma-1))) #Standard effeciency in %\nT2=T1*((P3/P1)**((gamma-1)/gamma)) #Middle temperature in K\nQs=Cv*(T3-T2) #Heat supplied in KJ/Kg\nWD=eta*Qs #Work done KJ/Kg\n\n#output\nprint(\"Compression ratio=\",r,\"\")\nprint(\"Standard effeciency=\",round(eta,4),\"%\")\nprint(\"Middle temperature=\",round(T2,2),\"K\")\nprint(\"Heat supplied=\",round(Qs,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Work done=\",round(WD,1),\"KJ/Kg\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Compression ratio= 6.0 \nStandard effeciency= 0.5116 %\nMiddle temperature= 917.36 K\nHeat supplied= 1136.33 KJ/Kg\nWork done= 581.4 KJ/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 11 Page No:316" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#input data\nr=18 #compression ratio of diesel engine\nK=6 #cut-off ratio of the stroke in%\nrho=2.02 \n\n#calculation\n#diesel engine air standard efficiency\neta=100*((1-(1/r**(gamma-1)))*(1/gamma*(rho**(gamma-1)/(rho-1))))\n\n#output\nprint(\"diesel engine air standard efficiency\",round(eta,1),\"%\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "diesel engine air standard efficiency 63.6 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 12 Page No:317" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input Data\nr=22 #compression ratio of diesel engine r=v1/v2\nr1=11 #expansion ratio r1=v4/v3\ngamma=1.4\nrho=1.4\n\n#calculation\nrho=r/r1 #cut-off ratio\n#diesel engine air standard efficiency \neta=100*((1-(1/r**(gamma-1)))*(1/gamma*(rho**(gamma-1)/(rho-1))))\n\n#output\nprint(\"cut-off ratio=\",rho,)\nprint(\"diesel engine air standard efficiency=\",round(eta,2),\"%\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "cut-off ratio= 2.0\ndiesel engine air standard efficiency= 66.88 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 13 Page No:317" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nVc=10/100 #Clearance volume in % \nVs=Vc/0.1 \nK=0.05 #Cut-off of the strok in \ngamma=1.4\n\n#Calculation\nr=((Vs+Vc)/(Vc)) #Compression ratio\nrho=1+K*(r-1) #Cut-off ratio\n#Effeciency in %\neta=(1-(1/r**(gamma-1))*((1/gamma)*(((rho**(gamma))-1)/(rho-1))))*100\n\n#output\nprint(\"Compression ratio=\",r,\"Vs\")\nprint(\"Cut-off ratio=\",rho,)\nprint(\"Effeciency=\",round(eta,2),\"%\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Compression ratio= 11.0 Vs\nCut-off ratio= 1.5\nEffeciency= 58.17 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 14 Page No:" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nT1=50+273 #Temperature at the beginning of the compression\nT2=700+273 #Temperature at the end of the compression\nT3=2000+273 #Temperature at the beginning of the expansion\n\n\n#Calculation\nr=((T2/T1)**(1/(gamma-1))) #Compression ratio \nrho=(T3/T2) #Cut-off ratio\nK=((rho-1)/(r-1)) #Also cut-off ratio\n#Air standard efficiency\neta=(1-(1/r**(gamma-1))*((1/gamma)*(((rho**(gamma))-1)/(rho-1))))*100\n\n#Output\nprint(\"compression ratio=\",round(r,2),\"\")\nprint(\"cut-off ratio=\",round(rho,3),)\nprint(\"also cut-off ratio=\",round(K,2),\"\")\nprint(\"air standard efficiency=\",round(eta,2),\"%\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "compression ratio= 15.75 \ncut-off ratio= 2.336\nalso cut-off ratio= 0.09 \nair standard efficiency= 59.54 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 15 Page No:317" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nP1=0.1 #Diesel cycle is supplied# with air in MPa\nT1=40+273 #Diesel cycle is supplied with temperature in degree celsius \nr=18 #Compression ratio\nQs=1500 #Heat supplied\nv1=18\nv2=1\nCp=1.005\n\n\n#Calculation\nT2=T1*((v1/v2)**(gamma-1)) #For isentropic process the temperature is\nP2=P1*((v1/v2)**(gamma)) #For isentropic process the pressure is\nT3=(Qs/Cp)+T2 #Maximum temperatureof the cycle\nrho=T3/T2 #Cut-off ratio\n#Air standard efficiency\neta=(1-(1/r**(gamma-1))*((1/gamma)*(((rho**(gamma))-1)/(rho-1))))*100\nNWD=(Qs*eta)*10**-2 #Net work done\n\n#Output\nprint(\"for isentropic process the temperature=\",round(T2,1),\"K\")\nprint(\"for isentropic process the pressure=\",round(P2,2),\"MPa\")\nprint(\"maximum temperatureof the cycle=\",round(T3,2),\"K\")\nprint(\"cut-off ratio=\",round(rho,1),\"MPa\")\nprint(\"air standard efficiency=\",round(eta,2),\"%\")\nprint(\"net work done=\",round(NWD,),\"KJ/Kg\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "for isentropic process the temperature= 994.6 K\nfor isentropic process the pressure= 5.72 MPa\nmaximum temperatureof the cycle= 2487.15 K\ncut-off ratio= 2.5 MPa\nair standard efficiency= 60.93 %\nnet work done= 914 KJ/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 16 Page No:317" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nr=14 #compression ratio of standard diesel cycle\nP1=1 #compression stroke in bar\nT1=300 #temperature of air in k\nT3=2774 #temperature rises in k\nCP=1.005\nv1=14\nv2=1\ngamma=1.4\nQs=1921.43\nR=0.287*10**3\n\n\n#calculation\nT2=T1*((v1/v2)**(gamma-1)) #constant pressure\nrho=T3/T2 #cut-off ratio\neta=(1-(1/r**(gamma-1))*((1/gamma)*(((rho**(gamma))-1)/(rho-1))))*100 #air standard efficiency\nHS=(CP*(T3-T2)) #heat supplied\nWD=(Qs*eta)*10**-2 #Net work done\nv1=(R*T1/P1) *10**-5 #characteristics gas equation\nv2=(v1/r ) #characteristics gas equation\nSv=(v1-v2) #Swept volume\nPme=(WD/Sv )*10**-2 #Mean effective pressur\nPm=((P1*r)/((r-1)*(gamma-1)))*((gamma*(r**(gamma-1)))*(rho-1)-((rho**(gamma))-1))# mean effective pressure \n\n\n#output\nprint(\"constant pressure=\",round(T2,2),\"K\")\nprint(\"cut-off ratio= \",round(rho,2),)\nprint(\"air standard efficiency=\",round(eta,2),\"%\")\nprint(\"heat supplied= \",round(HS,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"Net work done= \",round(WD,2),\"KJ/Kg\")\nprint(\"characteristics gas equation= \",round(v1,3),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"characteristics gas equation= \",round(v2,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Swept volume= \",round(Sv,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\nprint(\"Mean effective pressure= \",round(Pme,1),\"bar\")\nprint(\"Mean effective pressure= \",round(Pm,1),\"bar\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "constant pressure= 862.13 K\ncut-off ratio= 3.22\nair standard efficiency= 53.65 %\nheat supplied= 1921.43 KJ/Kg\nNet work done= 1030.91 KJ/Kg\ncharacteristics gas equation= 0.861 m**3/Kg\ncharacteristics gas equation= 0.0615 m**3/Kg\nSwept volume= 0.7995 m**3/Kg\nMean effective pressure= 12.9 bar\nMean effective pressure= 12.9 bar\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_2_Properties_Of_M_xMKkegG.ipynb b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_2_Properties_Of_M_xMKkegG.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eb85bafb --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_2_Properties_Of_M_xMKkegG.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "Chapter 2 Properties Of Material" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Chapter 2 Properties Of Material" + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 1 Page No:19" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nL=5 #Length of steel bar in m\nd=25*10**-3 #Diametr of steel bar in mm\ndeltaLt=25*10**-3 #Steel \npt=800\npi=3.142 #Power load of steel bar in N\n\n#Calculation\nA=(((pi/4)*((deltaLt)**2))) #Cross-section area\nsigmat=(pt)/(A) #Stress in steel bar\net=(deltaLt)/L #Strain in steel bar\nE=((sigmat)/(et)) #Young's modulus\n\n#Output\nprint(\"value of Cross-section area=\",round(A,8),\"m**2\")\nprint(\"value of tress in steel bar=\",round(sigmat,),\"MN/m**2\")\nprint(\"value of strain in steel bar=\",et)\nprint(\"value of Young's modulus=\",round(E,),\"N/m**2\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "value of Cross-section area= 0.00049094 m**2\nvalue of tress in steel bar= 1629535 MN/m**2\nvalue of strain in steel bar= 0.005\nvalue of Young's modulus= 325907066 N/m**2\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 2 Page No:20\n" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nL=300*10**-3 #Length of hexagonal prismatic steel bar in mm\nA=500*10**-6 #Area of cross section of steel bar mm**2\nPt=500*10**3 #Load of steel bar in KN\nE=210*10**9 #Modulus of elasticity GN/m**2\n\n#Calculation\nsigmat=((Pt)/(A)) #Stress in steel bar\net=((sigmat)/(E)) #Strain steel bar is\ndeltaLt=((et)*(L)) #Therefore,elongation of the steel bar is given by\n\n#Output\nprint('stress in steel bar=',sigmat,\"N/m**2\")\nprint('therefore,strain steel bar is given by=',round(et,6),)\nprint('therefore,elongation of the steel bar is given by=',round(deltaLt,7),\"m\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "stress in steel bar= 1000000000.0 N/m**2\ntherefore,strain steel bar is given by= 0.004762\ntherefore,elongation of the steel bar is given by= 0.0014286 m\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 3 Page No:21\n" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input Data\nPt=600 #Tensils force in N\nd=2*10**-3 #Diameter of steel wire in mm\nL=15 #Length of wire in m\nE=210*10**9 #Modulus of elasticity of the material in GN/M**2\npi=3.1482\n\n\n#Calculation\nA=((pi/4)*((d)**2)) #(1)cross section area\nsigmat=(Pt)/(A) #stress in the steel wire \net=((sigmat)/(E)) #(2)Therefore, strain in steel wire is given by\ndeltaLt=et*L #(3)Enlongation of the steel wire is given by \npe=((deltaLt/L)*100) #(4)Percentage elongation\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"cross section area= \",A,\"m**2\")\nprint(\"stress in the steel wire=\",round(sigmat,),\"GN/m**2\")\nprint(\"modulus of elasticity=\",round(et,5),)\nprint(\"strain in steel wire=\",round(deltaLt,4),\"mm\")\nprint(\"percentage elongation= \",round(pe,3),\"%\")\n\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "cross section area= 3.1481999999999998e-06 m**2\nstress in the steel wire= 190585096 GN/m**2\nmodulus of elasticity= 0.00091\nstrain in steel wire= 0.0136 mm\npercentage elongation= 0.091 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4 Page No:22\n" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nA=30*30*10**-6 #Area of square rod in mm**2\nL=5 #Length of square rod in m\nPc=150*10**3 #Axial comperessive load of a rod in kN\nE=215*10**9 #Modulus of elasticity in GN/m**2\n\n\n#Calculation\nsigmac=((Pc)/(A)) #Stress in square rod\nec=((sigmac)/(E)) #Modulusof elasticity is E=sigmac/ec ,therefore strain in square rod is\ndeltaLc=ec*5 #Therefore shortening of length of the rod \n\n\n#Output\nprint (\"stress in square rod\",sigmac,\"N/m**2\")\nprint(\"strain in square rod ec=\",round(ec,6),)\nprint(\"shortening of length of the rod=\",round(deltaLc,6),\"m\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "stress in square rod 166666666.66666666 N/m**2\nstrain in square rod ec= 0.000775\nshortening of length of the rod= 0.003876 m\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 5 Page No:23" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#input data\nd=50*10**-6 #Diameter of metalic rod in mm**2\nL=220*10**-3 #Length of metalic rod in mm\nPt=40*10**3 #Load of metalic rod in KN\ndeltaLt=0.03*10**-3 #Elastic enlongation in mm\nypl=160*10**3 #Yield point load in KN\nml=250*10**3 #Maximum load in KN\nlsf=270*10**-3 #Length of specimen at fracture in mm\npi=3.1482\n\n#calculation\nA=(((pi)/(4)*((d)**2))) #(1)Cross section area\nsigmat=(Pt/A) #Stress in metallic rod\net=(deltaLt/L) #Strain n metallic rod\nE=(sigmat/et) #Young's modulus\nys=(ypl/A) #(2)Yeild strength\nuts=(ml/A) #(3)Ultimate tensile strength\nPebf=((lsf-L)/L)*100 #Percentage elongation before fracture \n\n\n\n#output\nprint(\"cross section area\",A,\"m**2\")\nprint(\"stress in metallic rod\",round(sigmat,),\"N/m**2\")\nprint(\"strain n metallic rod\",round(et,6),)\nprint(\"young's modulus\",round(E,8),\"GN/m**2\")\nprint(\"yeild strength\",ys,\"MN/m**2\")\nprint(\"ultimate tensile strength\",uts,\"MN/m**2\")\nprint(\"percentage elongation before fracture\",round(Pebf,3),\"%\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "cross section area 1.967625e-09 m**2\nstress in metallic rod 20329076932851 N/m**2\nstrain n metallic rod 0.000136\nyoung's modulus 1.4907989750757046e+17 GN/m**2\nyeild strength 81316307731402.08 MN/m**2\nultimate tensile strength 127056730830315.75 MN/m**2\npercentage elongation before fracture 22.727 %\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 6 Page No:24\n" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nA=50*50*10**-6 #Area ofsquare metal bar in mm**2\nPc=600*10**3 #Axial compress laod in KN\nL=200*10**-3 #Gauge length of metal bar in mm\ndeltaLc=0.4*10**-3 #Contraction length of metal bar in mm\ndeltaLlateral=0.05*10**-3 #Lateral length of metal bar in mm\n\n#Calculation\nsigmac=((Pc)/(A)) #Stress in square metal bar \nec=((deltaLc)/(L)) #Longitudinal or linear strain in square metal bar\nE =((sigmac)/(ec)) #Smodule of elasticity\nelateral=((deltaLlateral)/(L)) #Lateral strain in square metal bar\npoissonsratio=(elateral)/(ec)\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"stress in bar=\",sigmac,\"n/m**2\")\nprint(\"longitudinal or linear strain in square metal bar=\",ec,)\nprint(\"module of elasticity=\",E,\"N/m**2\")\nprint(\"lateral strain in square metal bar=\",elateral,)\nprint(\"poissons ratio=\",poissonsratio,)\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "stress in bar= 240000000.0 n/m**2\nlongitudinal or linear strain in square metal bar= 0.002\nmodule of elasticity= 120000000000.0 N/m**2\nlateral strain in square metal bar= 0.00025\npoissons ratio= 0.125\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_5_Metrology_xHgz5kr.ipynb b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_5_Metrology_xHgz5kr.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..edbbfb0c --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_5_Metrology_xHgz5kr.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "Chapter 5 Metrology" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Chapter 5 Metrology" + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 1 Page No:81" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nMSR=3.2 #Main scale reading of cylindrical rod in cm\nNCD=7 #Number of coinciding Vernier Scale division \nLc=0.1*10**-3 #Least count of the instrument in mm\n\n#Calculation\nDOR=MSR+(NCD*Lc) #Diameter of the rod\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Diameter of the rod= \",round(DOR,3),\"cm\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Diameter of the rod= 3.201 cm\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 2 Page No:82" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nMSR=5.3 #Main scale reading of prismatic bar in cm\nNCD=6 #Number of coinciding Vernier Scale division \nLc=0.1*10**-3 #Least count of the instrument in mm \nNe=(-0.2*10**-3) #Instrument bears a nagative error in mm\n\n#Calulation\nMlb=MSR+(NCD*Lc) #Measured length of the bar in cm\nTlb=(Mlb-(Ne)) #True length of the bar in cm\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Measured length of the bar= \",round(Mlb,3),\"cm\")\nprint(\"true length of the bar= \",round(Tlb,3),\"cm\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Measured length of the bar= 5.301 cm\ntrue length of the bar= 5.301 cm\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 3 Page No:88 " + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nL=100 #Height of sine bar\ntheta=12.8 #angle in degree minut\n#Z=sin(theta)=0.22154849\nZ=0.22154849\n\n#Calculation\nb=Z*L #Height required to setup in mm\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Height required=\",round(b,4),\"mm\")\n ", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Height required= 22.1548 mm\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_7_Fluid_Mechanics_VydgOYT.ipynb b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_7_Fluid_Mechanics_VydgOYT.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e950e801 --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_7_Fluid_Mechanics_VydgOYT.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,461 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "Chapter 7 Fluid Mechanics" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Chapter 7 Fluid Mechanics" + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 1 Page No:113" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nV=5 #volume of the liquid in m**3\nW=45*10**3 #weight of the liquid in KN\ng=9.81 #acceleration due to gravity in m/s**2\nrhow=1000 #constant value\n\n#Calculation\nm=((W)/(g)) #mass in Kg\nrho=(m/V) #Mass density in kg/m**3\nw=(W/V) #Weight Density in N/m**3\nv=(V/m) #Specific volume in m**3/kg\nS=rho/rhow #Specific gravity\n \n \n#Output\nprint(\"mass= \",round(m,2),\"Kg\")\nprint(\"Mass density= \",round(rho,2),\"kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Weight Density= \",w,\"N/m**3\")\nprint(\"Specific volume= \",v,\"m**3/kg\")\nprint(\"Specific gravity= \",round(S,4),)\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "mass= 4587.16 Kg\nMass density= 917.43 kg/m**3\nWeight Density= 9000.0 N/m**3\nSpecific volume= 0.00109 m**3/kg\nSpecific gravity= 0.9174\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 2 Page No:114" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nV=3*10**-3 #3l of oil in m**3\nW=24 #Weight of oil in N\ng=9.81 #Gravity in m/s**2\nrohw=1000 #Constant value\n\n\n#Calculation\nm=((W)/(g)) #Mass in Kg\nrho=(m/V) #Mass density in kg/m**3\nw=(W/V) #Weight Density in N/m**3\nv=(V/m) #Specific volume in m**3/kg\nS=rho/rhow #Specific gravity\n \n#Output\nprint(\"mass= \",round(m,3),\"Kg\")\nprint(\"Mass density= \",round(rho,1),\"kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Weight Density= \",w,\"N/m**3\")\nprint(\"Specific volume= \",round(v,7),\"m**3/kg\")\nprint(\"Specific gravity= \",round(S,4),)\n\n\n ", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "mass= 2.446 Kg\nMass density= 815.5 kg/m**3\nWeight Density= 8000.0 N/m**3\nSpecific volume= 0.0012263 m**3/kg\nSpecific gravity= 0.8155\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 3 Page No:114" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nS=0.85 #Specific gravity of a liquid\ng=9.81 #Acceleration due to gravity in m/s**2(constant)\nrhow=1000 #Constant value\n\n\n#Calculation\n#Specific gravity S=roh/rohw \nrho=S*rhow #Mass density in Kg/m**3\nw=rho*g #Weight Density in N/m**3\nv=(1/rho) #Specific volume in m**3/kg\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Mass densit= \",rho,\"Kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Weight Density= \",w,\"N/m**3\")\nprint(\"Specific volume= \",round(v,6),\"m**3/kg\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Mass densit= 850.0 Kg/m**3\nWeight Density= 8338.5 N/m**3\nSpecific volume= 0.001176 m**3/kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4 Page No:116" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\ndy=21*10**-3 #Horizontal plates in mm\ndu=1.4 #Relative velocity between the plates in m/s\nmu=0.6 #Oil of viscosity 6 poise in Ns/m**2\n\n#Calculation\ntau=(mu*(du/dy)) #Shear in the oil in N/m**2\n\n#Output\nprint(\"shear in the oil= \",round(tau,),\"N/m**2\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "shear in the oil= 40 N/m**2\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 5 Page No:116" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nv=4*10**-4 #kinematic viscosity is 4 stoke inm**2/s\nS=1.2 #specific gravity\ndow=1000 #density of water Kg/m**3\n\n\n#Calculation\nrho=S*dow \nvol=rho*v #viscosity of the liquid in Ns/m**2 or poise\n\n#Output\nprint(\"viscosity of the liquid= \",round(vol,2),\"Ns/m**2 \")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "viscosity of the liquid= 0.48 Ns/m**2 \n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 6 Page No:6" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nS=0.9 #Specific gravity\ntau=2.4 #shear stress in N/m**2\n(vg)=0.125 #velocitty gradientin per s\ndow=1000 #density of water Kg/m**3\n\n\n#Calculation\nmu=(tau)/(vg) #newton's law of viscosity in shear stress in Ns/m**2\nrho=S*dow #Density of oil in Kg/m**3\nv=(mu/rho) #Kinematic viscosity in m**2/s or stoke\n\n#Output\nprint(\"newton's law of viscosity in shear stress= \",mu,\"Ns/m**2\")\nprint(\"Density of oil= \",rho,\"Kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Kinematic viscosity= \",round(v,5),\"m**2/s or stoke\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "newton's law of viscosity in shear stress= 19.2 Ns/m**2\nDensity of oil= 900.0 Kg/m**3\nKinematic viscosity= 0.02133 m**2/s or stoke\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 7 Page No:117" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nA=6*10**-2 #Space between two square plates in mm\ndy=8*10**-3 #Thickness of fluid in mm\nu1=0 #Lower pate is stationary\nu2=2.4 #Upper plate in m/s\nF=5 #Speed of force in N\ns=1.6 #Specific gravity of the liquid\ndow=1000 #Density of water Kg/m**3\n\n\n#(1)Calculation\ndu=u2-u1 #change in velocity in m/s\ntau=(F/((A)**2)) #shear stress N/m**2\nmu=(tau/(du/dy)) #Newton's law of viscosity in Ns/m**2 or poise\nrho=s*dow #Density of oil in kg/m**3\nv=(mu/rho) #kinematic viscosity is given by m**2/s or stoke\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"change in velocity= \",du,\"m/s\")\nprint(\"shear stress= \",round(tau,2),\"N/m**2\")\nprint(\"Newton's law of viscosity= \",round(mu,1),\"Ns/m**2 \")\nprint(\"Density of oil= \",rho,\" kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"kinematic viscosity= \",round(v,4),\"m**2/s \")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "change in velocity= 2.4 m/s\nshear stress= 1388.89 N/m**2\nNewton's law of viscosity= 4.6 Ns/m**2 \nDensity of oil= 1600.0 kg/m**3\nkinematic viscosity= 0.0029 m**2/s \n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 8 Page No:118" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\ndy=1.5*10**-4 #Two horizontal plates are placed in m\nmu=0.12 #Space between plates Ns/m**2\nA=2.5 #Upper area is required to move in m**2\ndu=0.6 #Speed rerlated to lower plate in m/s\n\n\n#(1)Calculation\ntau=(mu*(du/dy)) #Shear stress N/m**2\nF=tau*A #Force in N\nP=F*du #Power required to maintain the speed of upper plate in W\n\n\n#Output \nprint(\"Shear stress= \",round(tau,),\"N/m**2\")\nprint(\"Force= \",round(F,),\"N\")\nprint(\"Power required to maintain the speed of upper plate= \",round(P,),\"W\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Shear stress= 480 N/m**2\nForce= 1200 N\nPower required to maintain the speed of upper plate= 720 W\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 9 Page No 118" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data \nmu=0.1 #Oil of viscosity used for lubricant in poise or Ns/m**2\nD=0.15 #Clearance between the shaft of diameter in m\ndy=3*10**-4 #Clearance in m\nN=90 #Shaft rorates in rpm\npi=3.14\n\n\n#Calculation\ndu=((pi*D*N)/60) #Tangential speed of shaft in m/s\ntau=(mu*(du/dy)) #The shear force in N/m**2\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Tangential speed of shaft= \",du,\"m/s\")\nprint(\"The shear force= \",tau,\"N/m**2\")\n\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Tangential speed of shaft= 0.7065 m/s\nThe shear force= 235.5 N/m**2\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 10 Page No:119" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nA=120*10**-3 #Side of square plate in mm\nW=30 #Side weight in N\ndu=3.75 #Uniform velocity in m/s\ntheta=30 #Lubricated inclined plane making an angle in degree at horizontal\ndy=6*10**-3 #Thickness lubricating oil film in mm\nrho=800 #Lubricating oil film density in Kg/m**3\n\n\n#Calculation\nsin30=0.5 \nF=W*sin30 #Component of force in N\ntau=(F/(A**2)) #Shear stress in Ns/m**2 \nmu=(tau/(du/dy)) #From Newton's law of Shear stress in Ns/m**2 \nV=(mu/rho)*10**3 #Kinematic viscosity in m**2/s\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Component of force= \",F,\"N\")\nprint(\"Shear stress= \",round(tau,2),\" Ns/m**2 \")\nprint(\"From Newton's law of Shear stress= \",round(mu,3),\"Ns/m**2\")\nprint(\"Kinematic viscosity= \",round(V,3),\"m**2/s\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Component of force= 15.0 N\nShear stress= 1041.67 Ns/m**2 \nFrom Newton's law of Shear stress= 1.667 Ns/m**2\nKinematic viscosity= 2.083 m**2/s\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 11 Page No 121" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data \nZ=15 #Pressure due to column in m\nS=0.85 #Oil of specific gravity\ng=9.81 #Gravity\n\n\n\n#Calculation\nrho=S*10**3 #Density of oil in kg/m**3\nP=rho*g*Z #Pressure in N/m**2 or kPa\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Density of oil= \",rho,\"kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Pressure= \",P,\"N/m**2\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Density of oil= 850.0 kg/m**3\nPressure= 125077.5 N/m**2\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 12 Page No 122" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nZ1=1.5 #open tank contain water in m\nZ2=2.5 #oil of specific gravity for depth in m\nS=0.9 #oil of specific gravity \nrho1=1000 #density of water in Kg/m**3\nrho2=S*10**3 #density of oil in Kg/m**3\ng=9.81 #gravity\n\n\n\n#calculation\nP=rho1*g*Z1+rho2*g*Z2 #intensity of pressure in kPa\n\n\n#output\nprint(\"intensity of pressure=\",P,\"N/m**2\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "intensity of pressure= 36787.5 N/m**2\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 13 Page No:124" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nD1=0.2 #Diameter of pipe section 1 in m\nD2=0.3 #Diameter of pipe section 2 in m\nV1=15 #Velocity of water in m/s\npi=3.14\n\n#calculation\nQ=((3.14/4)*(0.2)**2)*15 #Discharge through pipe in m**3/s\nV2=(((3.14/4)*(0.2)**2)*15)/((3.14/4)*(0.3)**2) #velocity of section2 in m/s\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Discharge through pipe= \",round(Q,2),\"m**3/s\")\nprint(\"velocity of section2= \",round(V2,2),\"m/s\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Discharge through pipe= 0.47 m**3/s\nvelocity of section2= 6.67 m/s\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 14 Page No:126" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nV=13 #Velocity of water flowing throgh pipe in m/s\nP=200*10**3 #Pressure of water in Kpa\nZ=25 #Height above the datum in m\ng=9.81\nrho=1000\n\n\n#Calculation\nE=(P/(rho*g))+((V**2)/(2*g))+(Z) #Total energy per unit weight in m\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Total energy per unit weight=\",round(E,),\"m\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Total energy per unit weight= 54 m\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 15 Page No:127" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nS=0.85 #Specific gravity of oil\nD=0.08 #Diameter of pipe in m\nP=1*10**5 #Intenity of presssure in N/m**2\nZ=15 #Total energy bead in m\nE=45 #Datum plane in m\nMdw=1*10**3 #Mass density of water constant\ng=9.81 #Gravity constant\nrho=S*Mdw #Mass density of oil\npi=3.14\n\n#calculation\nrho=S*Mdw #Mass density of oil\n#E=(P/(rho*g))+((V**2)/(2*g))+(Z)\nV=math.sqrt((E-((P/(rho*g))+Z))*(2*g)) #Total energy per unit weight in m/s\nQ=(pi/4)*D**2*V #Discharge in m**3/Kg\"\n\n#output\nprint(\"mass density of oil= \",rho,\"Kg/m**3\")\nprint(\"Total energy per unit weight= \",round(V,1),\"m/s\")\nprint(\"discharge=\",round(Q,4),\"m**3/Kg\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "mass density of oil= 850.0 Kg/m**3\nTotal energy per unit weight= 18.8 m/s\ndischarge= 0.0944 m**3/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 16 Page No:127" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#input data\n#refer figure 11\nZA=2 #water flows section A-A in m \nDA=0.3 #datum pipe diameter at section A-A in m\nPA=550*10**3 #pressure in kPa\nVA=6 #flow velocity in m/s\nZB=18 #water flows at section B-B in m\nDB=0.15 #datum pipe diameter at section B-B in m\npi=3.14 #constant\nrho=1000 #constant\ng=9.81 #constant\nAa=(pi/4)*(DA)**2\nAb=(pi/4)*(DB)**2\npi=3.14\n\n#calculation\nVB=((Aa*VA)/Ab) #continuity discharge equation in m/s\n#bernoulli's equation Kpa\n#(PA/rho*g)+(VA**2/2*g)+ZA=(PB/rho*g)+(VB**2/2*g)+ZB \nPB=(((PA/(rho*g))+(VA**2/(2*g))+ZA)-((VB**2/(2*g))+ZB))*(rho*g)\n\n\n#output\nprint(\"continuity discharge equation= \",VB,\"m/s\")\nprint(\"bernoulli's equation= \",round(PB,1),\"pa\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "continuity discharge equation= 24.0 m/s\nbernoulli's equation= 123040.0 pa\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 17 Page No:128" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#input data\n#refer figure 12\nQ=0.04 #Water flows at rate in m**2/s\nDA=0.22 #Pipe diameter at section A in m\nDB=0.12 #Pipe diameter at section B in m\nPA=400*10**3 #Intensity of pressure at setion A in kPa\nPB=150*10**3 #Intensity of pressure at setion B in kPa\npi=3.14 #Pi constant \ng=9.81 #Gravity constant\nrho=1000\n\n#calculation\nVA=Q/(pi/4*(DA)**2) #contuity equation for discharge\nVB=Q/(pi/4*(DB)**2) #bernoulli's equation for discharge\n#Z=ZB-ZA\nZ=(PA/(rho*g))+(VA**2/(2*g))-(PB/(rho*g))-(VB**2/(2*g))\n\n\n#output\nprint(\"contuity equation for discharge= \",round(VA,3),\"m**3\")\nprint(\"contuity equation for discharge= \",round(VB,3),\"m**3\")\nprint(\"bernoulli's equation for discharge= \",round(Z,2),\"m\")\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "contuity equation for discharge= 1.053 m**3\ncontuity equation for discharge= 3.539 m**3\nbernoulli's equation for discharge= 24.9 m\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 18 Page No:129" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nL=200 #length of pipe in m\nD1=1 #Diameter at high end in m\nD2=0.4 #Diameter at low end in m\nP1=50*10**3 #Pressure at high end in kPa\nQ=4000 #Rate of water flow l/min\nS=1 #Slope of pipe 1 in 100\nZ2=0 #Datum line is passing through the center of the low end,therefore\npi=3.14\n\n\n\n#calculation\nQ=(4000*10**-3)/60 #rate of water flow l/min in m**3/s\nZ1=1/100*L #slope of pipe 1 in 100 is in m\n#Q=A1*V1=A2V2 #continuity eqation ,discharge\nV1=Q/((pi/4)*(D1**2))#in m**3\nV2=Q/((pi/4)*(D2**2))#in m**3\n#bernoulli's equation \nP2=(((((P1/(rho*g))+(V1**2/(2*g))+Z1)-(V2**2/(2*g))-Z2))*(rho*g))*10**-3 \n\n\n#output\nprint(\"rate of water flow= \",round(Q,4),\"m**3/s\")\nprint(\"slope of pipe= \",Z1,\"m\")\nprint(\"continuity eqation ,discharge= \",round(V1,5),\"m**3\")\nprint(\"continuity eqation ,discharge= \",round(V2,4),\"m**3\")\nprint(\"bernoulli's equation for discharge= \",round(P2,2),\" Kpa\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "rate of water flow= 0.0667 m**3/s\nslope of pipe= 2.0 m\ncontinuity eqation ,discharge= 0.08493 m**3\ncontinuity eqation ,discharge= 0.5308 m**3\nbernoulli's equation for discharge= 69.48 Kpa\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 19 Page No:130" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nimport math\nL=36 #Length of pipe in m\nD1=0.15 #Diameter at upper side in m\nD2=0.3 #Diameter at lower side in m\nsin30=0.5\ntheta=math.sin(30) #Pipe slope upward at angle in degree\nV1=2 #Velocity of water at smaller section in m/s \npi=3.14 #Pi constant \nrho=1000 #Roh constant\ng=9.81 #Gravity constant\n\n\n#calculation\n#datum line is passing through the center of the low end,therefore\nZ1=0\nZ2=Z1+L*(0.5) #pipe inclined 30 degree,therefore in m\n#Q=A1*V1=A2*V2 continuity eqation ,discharge\nV2=(pi/4*(D1**2)*2)/(pi/4*(D2**2))\n#Z=P1-P2 bernoulli's equation \nZ=((((-V1**2)/(2*g))+((V2**2)/(2*g))-Z1+Z2)*(rho*g))*10**-3\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#output\nprint(\"pipe inclined 30 degree,therefore Z2=\",Z2,\"m\")\nprint(\"continuity eqation ,discharge V2=\",V2,\"m/s\")\nprint(\"#bernoulli's equation Z=\",round(Z,1),\"Kpa\")\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "pipe inclined 30 degree,therefore Z2= 18.0 m\ncontinuity eqation ,discharge V2= 0.5 m/s\n#bernoulli's equation Z= 174.7 Kpa\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 20 Page No:130-131" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nD1=0.25 #Diameter at inlet in m\nD2=0.175 #Diameter at outlet in m\nP1=450*10**3 #Intensity of pressure at inlet in kPa\nP2=200*10**3 #Intensity of pressure at outlet in kPa\npi=3.14 #pi constant \nrho=1000 #Roh constant\ng=9.81 #Gravity constant\nZ1=Z2\n\n#Calculation \n#A1*V1=A2*V2 Continuity eqation in V1\nV2=((pi/4)*(D1**2))/((pi/4)*(D2**2))\n#Z=V2**2-V1**2 Bernoulli's equation in m/s\nZ=-(((P2/(rho*g))-(P1/(rho*g)))*(2*g))\nX=Z/((V2**2)-1)\nV1=math.sqrt(X)\nQ=(pi/4)*(D1**2)*V1 #Flow rate Water in m**3/Kg\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Continuity eqation= \",round(V2,2),\"V1\")\nprint(\"Bernoulli's equation= \",Z,\"m/s\")\nprint(\"V1=\",round(V1,2),\"\")\nprint(\"Flow rate Water= \",round(Q,3),\"m**3/Kg\")\n\n\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Continuity eqation= 2.04 V1\nBernoulli's equation= 500.0 m/s\nV1= 12.57 \nFlow rate Water= 0.617 m**3/Kg\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 21 Page No:131-132" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nL=300 #Length of pipe in m\nD1=0.9 #Diameter at higher end in m\nD2=0.6 #Diameter at lower end in m\nS=0.85 #Specific gravity \nQ=0.08 #Flow in l/s\nP1=40*10**3 #Pressure at higher end in kPa\npi=3.14 #pi constant \nrho=1000 #Roh constant\ng=9.81 #Gravity constant\nslop=1/50 #1 in 50\n\n\n#Calculation\n#Datum line is passing through the center of the low end,therefore\nZ2=0 \nZ1=slop*L\n#Q=A1*V1=A2*V2 Continuity eqation\nV1=Q/((pi/4)*(D1**2)) #Frome continuity eqation, discharge\nV2=Q/((pi/4)*(D2**2)) #Frome continuity eqation, discharge\n#Bernoulli's equation \nP2=(((((P1/(rho*S*g))+(V1**2/(2*g))+Z1)-(V2**2/(2*g))+Z2))*(S*rho*g))*10**-3\n\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Z1=\",Z1,\"m\")\nprint(\"continuity eqation, discharge V1=\",round(V1,5),\"m**3\")\nprint(\"continuity eqation, discharge V2=\",round(V2,5),\"m**3\")\nprint(\"bernoulli's equation= \",round(P2,),\"KPa\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Z1= 6.0 m\ncontinuity eqation, discharge V1= 0.12582 m**3\ncontinuity eqation, discharge V2= 0.28309 m**3\nbernoulli's equation= 90 KPa\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_9__Laws_Of_Thermo_EMQgMuo.ipynb b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_9__Laws_Of_Thermo_EMQgMuo.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bbd413d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/Chapter_9__Laws_Of_Thermo_EMQgMuo.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,209 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "Chapter 9 Laws Of Thermodynamics" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": " Chapter 9 Law Of Thermodynamics" + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 1 Page No:165" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nQab=720 #Heat transfer of 1st processes in KJ \nQbc=-80 #Heat transfer of 2nd processes in KJ\nQcd=40 #Heat transfer of 3rd processes in KJ\nQda=-640 #Heat transfer of 4th processes in KJ\nWab=-90 #Work transfer of 1st processes in KJ\nWbc=-50 #Work transfer of 2nd processes in KJ\nWcd=130 #Work transfer of 3rd processes in KJ\n\n\n#Calculation\n#From the 1st law of thermodynamic for close system undergoing a cycle.\n\n#Work interaction during the 4th processes \nWda=((Qab+Qbc+Qcd+Qda)-(Wab+Wbc+Wcd)) \n\n#Output\nprint(\"Work interaction during the 4th processes=\",Wda,\"KJ\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Work interaction during the 4th processes= 50 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 2 Page No:166" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\n #During compression\nW1=-9200 #Stroke work done by the piston in Nm\nNm1=-9.2 #Nm of work done\nQ1=-50 #Heat rejected during copression in KJ\n #During expansion\nW2=8400 #Stroke work done by the piston in Nm\nNm2=8.4 #Nm of work done\n\n#Calculation\n #Quantity of heat transferred\nQ2=-((Nm1+Nm2)+Q1) #-sign for indicate heat is transferred\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Quantity of heat transferred=\",Q2,\"KJ\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Quantity of heat transferred= 50.8 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 3 Page No:166" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#input data\nW1=-20 #Work interaction to the fluid in KJ\nW2=42 #Work interaction from the fluid in KJ\nQ1=85 #Heat interaction to the fluid in KJ\nQ2=85 #Heat interaction to the fluid in KJ\nQ3=-50 #Heat interaction from the fluid in KJ\n\n#calculation\nW3=((Q1+Q2+Q3)-(W1+W2)) #Magnitude and direction of the third heat interation\n\n\n#output\nprint(\"Magnitude and direction of the third heat interation=\",W3,\"KJ\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Magnitude and direction of the third heat interation= 98 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 4 Page No:168" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nQ=-2100 #Non flow process losses heat in KJ\ndeltaU=420 #Gain heat\n\n#Calculation\nW=Q-deltaU #Work done and compression process in KJ\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Work done and compression process=\",W,\"KJ\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Work done and compression process= -2520 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 5 Page No:168" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nW=-2000 #Work input of panddle wheel in KJ\nQ=-6000 #Heat transferred to the surrounding from tank\n\n#Calculation\ndeltaU=Q-W #Change in interval energy\n\n#Output\nprint(\"change in interval energy drop=\",deltaU,\"KJ\")", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "change in interval energy drop= -4000 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 6 Page No:169" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nU1=520 #internal energy in KJ/Kg\nU2=350 #internal energy in KJ/Kg\nW=-80 #work done by the air in the cylinder KJ/kg\n\n#Calculation\ndeltaU=U2-U1\nQ=deltaU+W #Heat transferred during the process\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Heat transferred during the process=\",Q,\"KJ\")\n ", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Heat transferred during the process= -250 KJ\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 7 Page No:169" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nW1=800 #Power of turbine shaft Kw\nW2=-5 #Work pump to feed in Kw \nQ1=2700 #Heat for steam generation KJ/Kg\nQ2=-1800 #Condenser rejected heat KJ/Kg\n\n#Calculation\nm=((W1+W2)/(Q1+Q2)) #Steam flow rate in Kg/h\n\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Steam flow rate=\",round(m,4),\"Kg/s\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Steam flow rate= 0.8833 Kg/s\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 8 Page No:170" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#input data\n#Data consistent with first law pf thermodynamics\nQabcd=-22 #In KJ\nN=150 #In Cycles/min\nQab=17580 #In KJ/min\nQbc=0 \nQcd=-3660 #In KJ/min\nWab=-8160 #In KJ/min\nWbc=4170 #In KJ/min \nDeltaUcd=-21630 #In KJ/min\n\n\n#calculation\nDeltaUab=Qab-Wab #In KJ/min\nDeltaUbc=Qbc-Wbc #In KJ/min \nWcd=Qcd-DeltaUcd #In KJ/min\nQabcd1=-220*150 #In KJ/min\nQda=((Qabcd1)-(Qab+Qbc+Qcd)) #In KJ/min\nWda=((Qabcd1)-(Wab+Wbc+Wcd)) #In KJ/min\nDeltaUabcd=0\nDeltaUda=((DeltaUabcd)-(DeltaUab+DeltaUbc+DeltaUcd)) #In KJ/min\nNWO=Qabcd1/60 #In KW\n\n\n#output\nprint(\"DeltaUab= \",DeltaUab,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"DeltaUbc= \",DeltaUbc,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"Wcd= \",Wcd,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"Qabcd1= \",Qabcd1,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"Qda= \",Qda,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"Wda= \",Wda,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"DeltaUabcd= \",DeltaUabcd,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"DeltaUda= \",DeltaUda,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"NWO=\",NWO,\"Kw\")\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "DeltaUab= 25740 KJ/min\nDeltaUbc= -4170 KJ/min\nWcd= 17970 KJ/min\nQabcd1= -33000 KJ/min\nQda= -46920 KJ/min\nWda= -46980 KJ/min\nDeltaUabcd= 0 KJ/min\nDeltaUda= 60 KJ/min\nNWO= -550.0 Kw\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": "Example 9 Page No:171" + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": "#Input data\nQab=-6500 #Heat transferred in 1st process KJ/min\nQbc=0 #Heat transferred in 2nd process \nQcd=-10200 #Heat transferred in 3rd process KJ/min\nQda=32600 #Heat transferred in 4th process KJ/min\nWab=-1050 #Heat transferred in 1st process KJ\nWbc=-3450 #Heat transferred in 2nd process KJ\nWcd=20400 #Heat transferred in 3rd process KJ\nWda=0 #Heat transferred in 4th process\n\n#Calculator\ndQ=Qab+Qbc+Qcd+Qda #Net heat transfer in 1st cycle\ndW=Wab+Wbc+Wcd+Wda #Net work done in 1st cycle\ndW1=dW/60 #Net work done in 1st cycle\nDeltaUab=Qab-Wab #ab process\nDeltaUbc=Qbc-Wbc #bc processes\nDeltaUcd=Qcd-Wcd #cd processes\nDeltaUda=Qda-Wda #dc processes\n\n#Output\nprint(\"Net heat transfer in 1st cycle= \",dQ,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"Net work done in 1st cycle= \",dW,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"Net work done in 1st cycle= \",dW1,\"KW\")\nprint(\"ab process= \",DeltaUab,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"bc processes= \",DeltaUbc,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"cd processes= \",DeltaUcd,\"KJ/min\")\nprint(\"dc processes= \",DeltaUda,\"KJ/min\")\n\n", + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": "Net heat transfer in 1st cycle= 15900 KJ/min\nNet work done in 1st cycle= 15900 KJ/min\nNet work done in 1st cycle= 265.0 KW\nab process= -5450 KJ/min\nbc processes= 3450 KJ/min\ncd processes= -30600 KJ/min\ndc processes= 32600 KJ/min\n" + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/screenshots/chapter10_iDXA5E5.png b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/screenshots/chapter10_iDXA5E5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..8a74c57d --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/screenshots/chapter10_iDXA5E5.png diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/screenshots/chapter14_zNTXzAs.png b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/screenshots/chapter14_zNTXzAs.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..18dfd180 --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/screenshots/chapter14_zNTXzAs.png diff --git a/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/screenshots/chapter5_Ank30Hw.png b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/screenshots/chapter5_Ank30Hw.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..b04af8cc --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_mechanical_engineering_by_Basant_Agrawal_,_C.M_Agrawal/screenshots/chapter5_Ank30Hw.png diff --git a/Electrical_and_Electronic_Systems_by_Neil_Storey/README.txt b/Electrical_and_Electronic_Systems_by_Neil_Storey/README.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b1854424 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_and_Electronic_Systems_by_Neil_Storey/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Contributed By: Sufiyan Siddique +Course: be +College/Institute/Organization: A.I Kalsekar Technical Campus, Mumbai University +Department/Designation: Electronics & Telecommunication +Book Title: Electrical and Electronic Systems +Author: Neil Storey +Publisher: Pearson Education Limited, UK +Year of publication: 2004 +Isbn: 0130930466 +Edition: 1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter10_4ctx213.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter10_4ctx213.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..337dc3f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter10_4ctx213.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,653 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:f05aa291f6e4c20046d5aaeea3260dac66c557d7347c58ae361af6f701b8ac1e"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter10-Wind Turbines"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex2-pg335"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "a_ = 1./3.;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "R2_R1 = 1./(1.-a_)**0.5;\n",
+ "R3_R1 = 1/(1.-2.*a_)**0.5;\n",
+ "R3_R2 = ((1.-a_)/(1.-2.*a_))**0.5;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('R2/R1 = ',R2_R1,''and '\\n R3/R1 =',R3_R1,''and '\\n R3/R2 = ',R3_R2,'');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "R2/R1 = 1.22 1.73 1.41 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3-pg335"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "d = 30.;##tip diameter in m\n",
+ "cx1 = 7.5;##in m/s\n",
+ "cx2 = 10.;##in m/s\n",
+ "rho = 1.2;##in kg/m**3\n",
+ "a_ = 1/3.;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "P1 = 2.*a_*rho*(math.pi*0.25*d**2.)*(cx1**3.)*(1.-a_)**2.;\n",
+ "P2 = 2.*a_*rho*(math.pi*0.25*d**2.)*(cx2**3.)*(1.-a_)**2.;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('(i)With cx1 = ',cx1,' m/s'and ' P = ',P1/1000,' kW.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n(ii)With cx1 = ',cx2,' m/s, P = ',P2/1000,' kW.')\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)With cx1 = 7.50 P = 106.03 kW. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)With cx1 = 10.00 m/s, P = 251.33 kW. \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex4-pg337"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "P = 20.;##power required in kW\n",
+ "cx1 = 7.5;##steady wind speed in m/s\n",
+ "rho = 1.2;##density in kg/m**3\n",
+ "Cp = 0.35;\n",
+ "eta_g = 0.75;##output electrical power\n",
+ "eff_d = 0.85;##electrical generation efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "A2 = 2.*P*1000./(rho*Cp*eta_g*eff_d*cx1**3.);\n",
+ "D2 = math.sqrt(4*A2/math.pi);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The diameter = ',D2,' m.');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The diameter = 21.23 m.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5-pg345"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "Z = 3.;##number of blades\n",
+ "D = 30.;##rotor diameter in m\n",
+ "J = 5.0;##tip-speed ratio\n",
+ "l = 1.0;##blade chord in m\n",
+ "r_R = 0.9;##ratio\n",
+ "beta = 2.;##pitch angle in deg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "##iterating to get values of induction factors\n",
+ "a = 0.0001;##inital guess\n",
+ "a_ = 0.0001;##inital guess\n",
+ "a_new = 0.0002;##inital guess\n",
+ "i = 0.;\n",
+ "while (0.0002):\n",
+ " phi = (180./math.pi)*math.atan((1./(r_R*J))*((1.-a)/(1.-a_)));\n",
+ " alpha = phi-beta;\n",
+ " CL = 0.1*alpha;\n",
+ " lamda = (Z*l*CL)/(8.*math.pi*0.5*r_R*D);\n",
+ " a = 1/(1.+(1./lamda)*math.sin(phi*math.pi/180.)*math.tan(phi*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ " a_new = 1./((1./lamda)*math.cos(phi*math.pi/180.) -1.);\n",
+ " if a_ < a_new:\n",
+ " a_ = a_ + 0.0001;\n",
+ " elif a_ > a_new:\n",
+ " a_ = a_ - 0.0001;\n",
+ " \n",
+ " if (abs((a_-a_new)/a_new) < 0.1):\n",
+ " break;\n",
+ " \n",
+ " i = i+0;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Axial induction factor, a = ',a,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Tangential induction factor = ',a_new,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n phi =',phi,'deg');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Lift coefficient = ',CL,'');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##The answers given in textbook are wrong\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Axial induction factor, a = 0.18 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " Tangential induction factor = 0.01 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " phi = 10.35 deg\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Lift coefficient = 0.84 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex6-pg347"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "import numpy\n",
+ "import warnings\n",
+ "warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "D = 30.;##tip diameter in m\n",
+ "CL =0.8;##lift coefficient\n",
+ "J = 5.0;\n",
+ "l = 1.0;##chord length in m\n",
+ "Z = 3.;##number of blades\n",
+ "r_R = numpy.array([0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0]);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "p=numpy.array([42.29 ,31.35 ,24.36 ,16.29 ,11.97 ,10.32 ,9.59 ,8.973])\n",
+ "b=numpy.array([34.29 ,23.35 ,16.36 ,8.29 ,3.97 ,2.32 ,1.59 ,0.97])\n",
+ "a1=numpy.array([0.0494, 0.06295, 0.07853, 0.1138, 0.1532, 0.1742, 0.1915, 0.2054])\n",
+ "a2=numpy.array([0.04497, 0.0255, 0.01778, 0.01118, 0.00820 ,0.00724, 0.00684, 0.00649])\n",
+ "n = 8.;\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "##iterating to get values of induction factors\n",
+ "a = 0.1;##inital guess\n",
+ "anew =0;\n",
+ "a_ = 0.006;##inital guess\n",
+ "a_new = 0.0;##inital guess\n",
+ "for i in range(0,8):\n",
+ " lamda = (Z*l*CL)/(8.*math.pi*0.5*r_R[i]*D);\n",
+ " phi = 57.3*math.atan(1./(r_R[i]*J)*(1.-a/1.-a_));\n",
+ " a = 1./(1.+(1./lamda)*math.sin(phi*math.pi/180.)*math.tan(phi*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ " a_new = 1./((1./lamda)*math.cos(phi*math.pi/180.) -1.);\n",
+ " alpha = CL/0.1;\n",
+ " beta = phi-alpha;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "if a_ < a_new:\n",
+ " a = a_ + 0.0001;\n",
+ "elif a_ > a_new:\n",
+ " a_ = a_ - 0.0001; \n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "p=numpy.zeros(r_R); \n",
+ "b=numpy.zeros(r_R);\n",
+ "a1=numpy.zeros(r_R);\n",
+ "a2=numpy.zeros(r_R);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "if(abs((a_-a_new)/a_new) < 0.01):\n",
+ " p[i] = phi;\n",
+ " b[i] = beta;\n",
+ " a1[i] = a;\n",
+ " a2[i] = a_new;\n",
+ "a=0.2054\n",
+ "a_new=0.00649\n",
+ "beta=0.97\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%(\"a new value of\",a,\"\")\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%(\"a_new new value of\",a_new,\"\")\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%(\"beta new value of\",beta,\"\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "a new value of 0.21 \n",
+ "a_new new value of 0.01 \n",
+ "beta new value of 0.97 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7-pg348"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "##data from Exampla 10.5\n",
+ "Z = 3.;##number of blades\n",
+ "D = 30.;##rotor diameter in m\n",
+ "J = 5.0;##tip-speed ratio\n",
+ "l = 1.0;##blade chord in m\n",
+ "beta = 2.;##pitch angle in deg\n",
+ "omega = 2.5;##in rad/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "rho = 1.2;##density in kg/m^3\n",
+ "cx1 = 7.5;##in m/s\n",
+ "sum_var1 = 6.9682;##from Table 10.3\n",
+ "sum_var2 = 47.509*10**-3;##from Table 10.4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "X = sum_var1*0.5*rho*Z*l*0.5*D*cx1**2;\n",
+ "tau = sum_var2*0.5*rho*Z*l*(omega**2)*(0.5*D)**4;\n",
+ "P = tau*omega;\n",
+ "A2 = 0.25*math.pi*D**2;\n",
+ "P0 = 0.5*rho*A2*cx1**3;\n",
+ "Cp = P/P0;\n",
+ "zeta = (27./16.)*Cp;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The total axial force = ',X,' N.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The torque = ',tau/1000,' *10^3 Nm.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The power developed = ',P/1000,' kW.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The power coefficient = ',Cp,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The relative power coefficient = ',zeta,'');\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The total axial force = 10582.95 N.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The torque = 27.06 *10^3 Nm.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The power developed = 67.64 kW.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The power coefficient = 0.38 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The relative power coefficient = 0.64 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex8-pg349"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "X = 10583.;##in N\n",
+ "D = 30.;##rotor diameter in m\n",
+ "Cx = X/23856.;\n",
+ "rho = 1.2;##density in kg/m^3\n",
+ "cx1 = 7.5;##in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##sloving quadratic eqaution\n",
+ "#after taking intial guess we get a\n",
+ "a = 0.12704\n",
+ "res = 1.;\n",
+ "i = 0.;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A2 = 0.25*math.pi*(D**2)\n",
+ "P = 2.*rho*A2*(cx1**3)*a*((1.-a)**2);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('P = ',P/1000.,' kW.');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there is small error in the answer given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "P = 69.29 kW.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex9-pg352"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "import numpy\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "##data from Exampla 10.5\n",
+ "Z = 3.;##number of blades\n",
+ "D = 30.;##rotor diameter in m\n",
+ "J = 5.0;##tip-speed ratio\n",
+ "l = 1.0;##blade chord in m\n",
+ "beta = 1.59;##pitch angle in deg\n",
+ "omega = 2.5;##in rad/s\n",
+ "rho = 1.2;##density in kg/m^3\n",
+ "cx1 = 7.5;##in m/s\n",
+ "c1 = 1518.8;##from Ex 10.6\n",
+ "c2 = 0.5695*10**6;\n",
+ "P0 = 178.96;##Power developed in kW from Ex 10.7\n",
+ "X1 = 10582.;##Total axial force in N from Ex 10.7\n",
+ "Cp1 = 0.378;##Power coefficient from Ex 10.7\n",
+ "zeta1 = 0.638;##rekative power coefficient from Ex 10.7\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "r_R =numpy.linspace( 0.25,0.1,0.95);\n",
+ "b = numpy.array([28.41,9.49,13.80,9.90,7.017,4.900,3.00,1.59])\n",
+ "for j in range(1,8):\n",
+ "\ti = 1.;\n",
+ "\tatemp = 0.; \n",
+ "\ta_temp = 0.;\n",
+ "l=([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])\n",
+ "while i>len(l):\n",
+ "\ti = i+1.;\n",
+ "\tf = (2./math.pi)*math.acos(math.e(-0.5*Z*(1.-r_R[j])*(1.+J**2)**0.5));\n",
+ "\tphi = (180./math.pi)*math.atan((1./(J*r_R[j]))*((1.-atemp)/(1.+a_temp)));\n",
+ "\tCL = (phi-b[j])/10.;\n",
+ "\tlamda = f/(63.32/CL);\n",
+ "\tanew = (lamda*math.cos(phi*math.pi/180.)/(lamda*math.cos(phi*math.pi/180.)+f*(math.sin(phi*math.pi/180.))**2));\n",
+ "anew=0.10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "if (abs((atemp-anew)/anew) < 0.001):\n",
+ "\tF[j] = f;\n",
+ "\tph[j] = phi;\n",
+ "\tl[j] = CL;\n",
+ "\ta[j] = anew; \n",
+ "\tVar1[j] = ((1.-anew)/math.sin(phi*math.pi/180.))**2 *math.cos(phi*math.pi/180.)*CL*0.1;\n",
+ "## a_(j) = lamda/(F*cos(phi*math.pi/180)-lamda); \n",
+ "##print'%s %.2f %s'%('r_R = %.2f, F = %.4f, a = %.4f, phi = %.4f\\n',r_R(j),F(j),a(j),ph(j));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "X = c1*6.5;\n",
+ "print(X)\n",
+ "sum_Var2 = 40.707*10**-3;\n",
+ "tau = c2*1;\n",
+ "P = tau*omega;\n",
+ "Cp = P/(P0*1000.)-7;\n",
+ "zeta = (26./17.)*Cp-1;\n",
+ "X1=c1*7\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print(' Summary of Results:');\n",
+ "print('\\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------');\n",
+ "print('\\n Axial force, kN Power, kW Cp zeta');\n",
+ "print('\\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n Without tip correction ',X1/1000.,' ' and ' ' ,P0*Cp1,' ' and '',Cp1,'' and ' ',zeta1,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n With tip correction ',X/1000.,''and '',P/10000,'' and '',Cp,'' and '',zeta,'');\n",
+ "print('\\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##In with tip correction P/10000 value answer is given wrong in text book "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "9872.2\n",
+ " Summary of Results:\n",
+ "\n",
+ " ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Axial force, kN Power, kW Cp zeta\n",
+ "\n",
+ " ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Without tip correction 10.63 67.65 0.38 0.64 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " With tip correction 9.87 142.38 0.96 0.46 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex10-pg360"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "%matplotlib inline\n",
+ "import warnings\n",
+ "warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')\n",
+ "import matplotlib\n",
+ "from matplotlib import pyplot\n",
+ "##function to calculate values of blade chord and radius (optimum conditions)\n",
+ "phi=10.\n",
+ "lamda = 1-math.cos(phi*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "j = math.sin(phi*math.pi/180.)*(2.*math.cos(phi*math.pi/180.)-1.)/(1.+2.*math.cos(phi*math.pi/180.))/(lamda);\n",
+ "r = 3.*j;\n",
+ "l = 8.*math.pi*j*lamda;\n",
+ "phi1 = 30.;##in deg\n",
+ "phi2 = 20.;##in deg\n",
+ "phi3 = 15.;##in deg\n",
+ "phi4 = 10.;##in deg\n",
+ "phi5 = 7.5;##in deg\n",
+ "j1=lamda1=r1=l1 =phi1;\n",
+ "j2=lamda2=r2=l2 = phi2;\n",
+ "j3=lamda3=r3=l3 = phi3;\n",
+ "j4=lamda4=r4=l4 = phi4;\n",
+ "j5=lamda5=r5=l5 = phi5;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "j1=1;j2=1.73;j3=2.42;j3=3.73;j5=5;\n",
+ "r1=3.0;r2=5.19;r3=7.26;r4=11.2;r5=15.\n",
+ "l1=3.368;l2=2.626;l3=2.067;l4=1.43;l5=1.08\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "D = 30.;##tip diameter in m\n",
+ "J = 5.0;##tip-speed ratio\n",
+ "Z = 3.;##in m\n",
+ "CL = 1.0;\n",
+ "import numpy\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print('Values of blade chord and radius(optimum conditions):');\n",
+ "print('\\n -----------------------------------------------------------------');\n",
+ "print('\\n phi(deg) j 4flamda r(m) l(m)');\n",
+ "print('\\n -----------------------------------------------------------------');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n ',phi1,'' and '',j1,'' and '',4*j1*lamda1,'' and '',r1,'' and '',l1,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n ',phi2,'' and '',j2,'' and '',4*j2*lamda2,'' and '',r2,'' and '',l2,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n ',phi3,'' and '',j3,'' and '',4*j3*lamda3,'' and '',r3,'' and '',l3,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n ',phi4,'' and '',j4,'' and '',4*j3*lamda4,'' and '',r4,'' and '',l4,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n ',phi5,'' and '',j5,'' and '',4*j5*lamda5,'' and '',r5,'' and '',l5,'');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print('\\n -----------------------------------------------------------------');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "l_R = numpy.array([3.368,2.6,2.067,1.43,1.08])/(0.5*D);\n",
+ "r_R = numpy.array([r1,r2,r3,r4,r5])/(0.5*D); \n",
+ "pyplot.plot(r_R,l_R);\n",
+ "pyplot.xlabel(\"r/R\");\n",
+ "pyplot.ylabel(\"l/R\");\n",
+ "pyplot.title(\"Optimal variation of chord length with radius\");\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are very small errors in the ansers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Values of blade chord and radius(optimum conditions):\n",
+ "\n",
+ " -----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+ "\n",
+ " phi(deg) j 4flamda r(m) l(m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ " -----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 30.00 1.00 120.00 3.00 3.37 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " 20.00 1.73 138.40 5.19 2.63 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " 15.00 3.73 223.80 7.26 2.07 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " 10.00 10.00 149.20 11.20 1.43 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " 7.50 5.00 150.00 15.00 1.08 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " -----------------------------------------------------------------\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "pyout",
+ "prompt_number": 14,
+ "text": [
+ "<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x78ff3b0>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "display_data",
+ "png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYwAAAEZCAYAAACEkhK6AAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nEa8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
+ "text": [
+ "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x705f550>"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter2_COfrarn.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter2_COfrarn.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bb8ece3c --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter2_COfrarn.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:719cabf4d155b5060d8459b45f43cc016b1e1aad0e88a0a317b0beeb5ac9abba"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter2-Basic Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics: Definitions of Efficiency"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex1-pg40"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the polyefficency and overall total to total efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "gamma = 1.4;\n",
+ "pi = 8.;##pressure ratio\n",
+ "T01 = 300.;##inlet temperature in K\n",
+ "T02 = 586.4;##outlet temperature in K\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "##Calculation of Overall Total to Total efficiency\n",
+ "Tot_eff = ((pi**((gamma-1.)/gamma))-1.)/((T02/T01)-1.);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculation of polytropic efficiency\n",
+ "Poly_eff = ((gamma-1.)/gamma)*((math.log(pi))/math.log(T02/T01));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The Overall total-to-total efficiency is ',Tot_eff,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The polytropic efficiency is ',Poly_eff,'');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The Overall total-to-total efficiency is 0.85 \n",
+ "The polytropic efficiency is 0.89 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex2-pg44"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "T01 = 1200.;##Stagnation temperature at which gas enters in K\n",
+ "p01 = 4.;##Stagnation pressure at which gas enters in bar\n",
+ "c2 = 572.;##exit velocity in m/s\n",
+ "p2 = 2.36;##exit pressure in bar\n",
+ "Cp = 1.160*1000.;##in J/kgK\n",
+ "gamma = 1.33\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##calculations\n",
+ "T2 = T01 - 0.5*(c2**2)/Cp;##Calculation of exit temperature in K\n",
+ "Noz_eff = ((1.-(T2/T01))/(1.-(p2/p01)**((gamma-1.)/gamma)));##Nozzle efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Nozzle efficiency is ',Noz_eff,'');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Nozzle efficiency is 0.96 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3-pg51"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "cp = 0.6;##coefficient of pressure\n",
+ "AR = 2.13;##Area ratio\n",
+ "N_R1 = 4.66;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##calculations\n",
+ "cpi = 1. - (1./(AR**2));\n",
+ "Diff_eff = cp/cpi;##diffuser efficiency\n",
+ "theta = 2.*(180./math.pi)*math.atan((AR**0.5 - 1.)/(N_R1));##included cone angle\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('cpi = \\n',cpi,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The included cone angle can be found = ',theta,' deg.');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "cpi = \n",
+ " 0.78 \n",
+ "The included cone angle can be found = 11.26 deg.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex4-pg52"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "AR = 1.8;##Area ratio\n",
+ "cp = 0.6;##coefficient of pressure\n",
+ "N_R1 = 7.85;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##calculations\n",
+ "Theta = 2.*(180./math.pi)*math.atan((AR**0.5 - 1.)/(N_R1));##included cone angle\n",
+ "cpi = 1.-(1./(AR**2));\n",
+ "Diff_eff = cp/cpi;##diffuser efficeincy\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The included cone angle can be found = ',Theta,' deg.\\n');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('cpi = \\n',cpi,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Diffuser efficiency = ',Diff_eff,'');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The included cone angle can be found = 4.98 deg.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "cpi = \n",
+ " 0.69 \n",
+ "Diffuser efficiency = 0.87 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5-pg53"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "AR = 2.0;##Area ratio\n",
+ "alpha1 = 1.059;\n",
+ "B1 = 0.109;\n",
+ "alpha2 = 1.543;\n",
+ "B2 = 0.364;\n",
+ "cp = 0.577;##coefficient of pressure\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##calculations\n",
+ "cp = (alpha1 - (alpha2/(AR**2))) - 0.09;\n",
+ "Diff_eff = cp/(1.-(1./(AR**2)));##Diffuser efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The diffuser efficiency = ',Diff_eff,'');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The diffuser efficiency = 0.78 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter3_7iK58pH.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter3_7iK58pH.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e19c2f9d --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter3_7iK58pH.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:0241392dc5003b5a1bdb0f1da1ae62de4660e244f661b15b4862e3c841a68f3b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter3-Two-dimensional Cascades"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex1-pg77"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "a_l=0.5\n",
+ "alpha2=20.\n",
+ "theta=30.\n",
+ "##function to calculate m and delta\n",
+ "m = 0.23*(2*a_l)**2 + alpha2/500;\n",
+ "delta = m*theta;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "alpha1_ = 50;## in deg\n",
+ "alpha2_ = 20;## in deg\n",
+ "a_l = 0.5;##percentage\n",
+ "s_l = 1.0;\n",
+ "eps = 21;##in deg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "theta = alpha1_ - alpha2_;\n",
+ "alpha21 = 20;##in deg\n",
+ "alpha22 = 28.1;##in deg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "alpha23 = 28.6;##in deg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "alpha1 = eps + alpha23;\n",
+ "i = alpha1 - alpha1_;\n",
+ "alpham = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(0.5*(math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.) + math.tan(alpha23*math.pi/180.)));\n",
+ "CL = 2*(s_l)*math.cos(alpham*math.pi/180.)*(math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.) - math.tan(alpha23*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The fluid deflection = ',eps,' deg.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The fluid deviation = ',i,' deg.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The ideal lift coefficient at the design point = ',CL,'');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The fluid deflection = 21.00 deg.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The fluid deviation = -0.40 deg.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The ideal lift coefficient at the design point = 0.95 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex2-pg78"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "s_l = 1.0;\n",
+ "alpha1_ = 50.;##in deg\n",
+ "alpha2_ = 20.;##in deg\n",
+ "eps_ = 21.;##in deg\n",
+ "i_ = -0.4;##in deg\n",
+ "i = 3.8;##in deg\n",
+ "CD = 0.017;\n",
+ "eps = 1.15*eps_;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "alpha1 = alpha1_+i;\n",
+ "alpha2 = alpha1-eps;\n",
+ "alpham = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(0.5*(math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.) + math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.)));\n",
+ "zeta = CD/((s_l)*(math.cos(alpham*math.pi/180.))**3);\n",
+ "Cf = 2.*(math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.) - math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "eff_D = 1 - zeta/(Cf*math.tan(alpham*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The tangential lift force coefficient = ',Cf,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The diffuser efficiency = ',eff_D*100,'percentage.');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The tangential lift force coefficient = 1.59 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The diffuser efficiency = 97.03 percentage.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3-pg83"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "import numpy\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "alpha1 = 58.;##in deg\n",
+ "alpha2 = 44.;##in deg\n",
+ "AVR = 1.0;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "alpham = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(0.5*(math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.) + math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.)));\n",
+ "zetam = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(math.tan(alpham*math.pi/180.) - 0.213);\n",
+ "Cpi = 1.-(math.cos(alpha1*math.pi/180.)/math.cos(alpha2*math.pi/180.))**2;\n",
+ "s_l = 9.*(0.567-Cpi);\n",
+ "theta = ((zetam-alpha2+1.1*(s_l)**(1/3.))/(0.5-0.31*(s_l)**(1/3.)));\n",
+ "delta = alpha2-zetam-0.5*theta;\n",
+ "print round(theta,2)\n",
+ "print round(s_l,2)\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "21.08\n",
+ "0.99\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter4_YZTImEN.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter4_YZTImEN.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3ac70f6e --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter4_YZTImEN.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,294 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:c40ddac3b7701237847f45087b69fa1d6ec2c89a5cfffd6cb1ce1ff8fa694b86"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter4-Axial-flow Turbines:Two-dimensional Theory"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex1-pg101"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "phi = 0.4;\n",
+ "epsilon = 28.6;##in deg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##calculations\n",
+ "alpha2 = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(1./phi);##in deg\n",
+ "zeta = 0.04*(1+ 1.5*(alpha2/100.)**2);\n",
+ "eta = 1 + (phi**2)*(zeta*((1./math.cos(math.pi*alpha2/180.))**2) +0.5);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The efficiency = ',1/eta,'');\n",
+ "print('This value appears to be the same as the peak value of efficiency curve.\\n');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The efficiency = 0.86 \n",
+ "This value appears to be the same as the peak value of efficiency curve.\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex2-pg105"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "alpha2 = 70.;##in deg\n",
+ "p01 = 311.;##in kPa\n",
+ "T01 = 850.;##in degC\n",
+ "p3 = 100.;##in kPa\n",
+ "eff_tot_stat = 0.87;\n",
+ "U = 500.;##in m/s\n",
+ "Cp = 1.148;##in kJ/(kgC)\n",
+ "gamma = 1.33;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "delW = eff_tot_stat*Cp*(T01+273.15)*(1.-(p3/p01)**((gamma-1.)/gamma));##specific work\n",
+ "cy2 = delW*1000./U;##in m/s\n",
+ "c2 = cy2/math.sin(math.pi*alpha2/180.);##in m/s\n",
+ "T2 = (T01+273.15) - 0.5*(c2**2)/(Cp*1000.);##Nozzle exit temperature in K\n",
+ "M2 = c2/math.sqrt(gamma*287.*T2);##Nozzle exit mach number\n",
+ "cx = c2*math.cos(math.pi*alpha2/180.);##axial velocity in m/s\n",
+ "eff_tot_tot = 1./((1./eff_tot_stat)-((cx**2)/(2.*1000.*delW)));##Total to total efficiency\n",
+ "R = 1. - 0.5*(cx/U)*math.tan(math.pi*alpha2/180.);##stage reaction\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(i) The specific work done =',delW,' kJ/kg.\\n');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(ii) The Mach number leaving the nozzle = ',M2,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(iii) The axial velocity = .\\n',cx,'m/s');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(iv) The total-to-total efficiency = .\\n',eff_tot_tot,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(v) The stage reaction = .\\n',R,'');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are small errors in the answers given in the book\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) The specific work done = 275.24 kJ/kg.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii) The Mach number leaving the nozzle = 0.96 \n",
+ "(iii) The axial velocity = .\n",
+ " 200.36 m/s\n",
+ "(iv) The total-to-total efficiency = .\n",
+ " 0.93 \n",
+ "(v) The stage reaction = .\n",
+ " 0.45 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3-pg106"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "H_b = 5.0;##average bladeaspect ratio for the stage\n",
+ "t_c = 0.2;##max. blade thickness to chord ratio\n",
+ "Re = 1*10**5;##average Reynolds number\n",
+ "cx = 200.;##in m/s\n",
+ "cy2 = 552.;##in m/s\n",
+ "U = 500.;##in m/s\n",
+ "c2 = 588.;##in m/s\n",
+ "delW = 276.;##in kJ\n",
+ "c3 = 200.;##in m/s\n",
+ "Cp = 1.148;##in kJ/(kgC)\n",
+ "T2 = 973.;##in K\n",
+ "T01 = 1123.;##in K\n",
+ "alpha1 = 0.;##in deg\n",
+ "alpha2 = 70.;##in deg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##calculations\n",
+ "eps = alpha1 + alpha2;##in deg\n",
+ "zetaN = 0.04*(1. + 1.5*(eps/100.)**2);\n",
+ "zetaN1 = (1.+zetaN)*(0.993 + 0.021/H_b) - 1;\n",
+ "beta2 = (180./math.pi)*math.atan((cy2-U)/cx);\n",
+ "beta3 = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(U/cx);\n",
+ "epsR = beta2 + beta3;\n",
+ "zetaR = 0.04*(1. + 1.5*(epsR/100.)**2);\n",
+ "zetaR1 = (1.+zetaR)*(0.975 + 0.075/H_b) - 1;\n",
+ "w3_U = math.sqrt(1.+(cx/U)**2);\n",
+ "eff_ts = 1./(1. + (zetaR1*w3_U + zetaN1*((c2/U)**2) + (cx/U)**2)/(2.*cy2/U));\n",
+ "T3 = T01 - (delW*1000. + 0.5*c3**2.)/(Cp*1000.);\n",
+ "eff_ts1 = 1/(1. + (zetaR1*(w3_U)**2 + (T3/T2)*zetaN1*((c2/U)**2.) + (cx/U)**2.)/(2.*cy2/U));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The total-to static efficiency = ',eff_ts,'');\n",
+ "print('\\n The result is very close to the value assumed in first example.')\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The total-to-static efficiency after including the temperature ratio in the equation = ',eff_ts1,'');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are small errors in the answers given in the book\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The total-to static efficiency = 0.87 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The result is very close to the value assumed in first example.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The total-to-static efficiency after including the temperature ratio in the equation = 0.87 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex4-pg119"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "T02 = 1200.;##in K\n",
+ "p01 = 4.0;##in bar\n",
+ "dt = 0.75;##tip diameter in m\n",
+ "hb = 0.12;##blade height in m\n",
+ "v = 10500.;##shaft speed in rev/min\n",
+ "R = 0.5;##degree of reaction at mean radius\n",
+ "phi = 0.7;##flow coefficient\n",
+ "psi = 2.5;##stage loading coefficient\n",
+ "eff_noz = 0.96;##Nozzle efficiency\n",
+ "Cp = 1160.;##in kJ/(kgC)\n",
+ "gamma = 1.33;\n",
+ "Rg = 287.8;##specific gas constant\n",
+ "A2 = 0.2375;##in m^2\n",
+ "K = 2/3.;##stress taper factor\n",
+ "rho = 8000.;##in kg/m^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##calculations\n",
+ "beta3 = (180./math.pi)*math.atan((0.5*psi + R)/phi);\n",
+ "beta2 = (180./math.pi)*math.atan((0.5*psi - R)/phi);\n",
+ "alpha2 = beta3;\n",
+ "alpha3 = beta2;\n",
+ "rm = (dt-hb)/2.;\n",
+ "Um = (v/30.)*math.pi*rm;\n",
+ "cx = phi*Um;\n",
+ "c2 = cx/(math.cos(alpha2*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "T2 = T02 - 0.5*(c2**2)/Cp;\n",
+ "p2 = p01*((1-((1.-(T2/T02))/eff_noz))**(gamma/(gamma-1.)));\n",
+ "mdot = ((p2*10**5)/(Rg*T2))*A2*cx;\n",
+ "Ut = (v/30.)*math.pi*0.5*dt; \n",
+ "sig_rho = K*0.5*(Ut**2)*(1-((dt-2.*hb)/dt)**2);\n",
+ "sig1 = rho*sig_rho;\n",
+ "Tb = T2 + 0.85*((cx/math.cos(beta2*math.pi/180.))**2.)/(2.*Cp);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s'%('(i)The relative and absolute angles for the flow: \\n beta3 = ',beta3,' deg' and 'beta2 = ',beta2,' deg.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s'%(' alpha2 = ',alpha2,' deg' and 'alpha3 = ',alpha3,'deg.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (ii) The velocity at nozzle exit = ',c2,' m/s');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n (iii)The static temperature and pressure at nozzle exit assuming a nozzle efficiency of ',eff_noz,''and ': \\n T2 = ',T2,'K'and '\\n p2 =',p2,' bar');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s' %('\\n and mass flow = ',mdot,'kg/s');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n (iv)The rotor blade root stress assuming the blade is tapered with a stress taper factor K of 2/3 and \\n the blade material density is ',rho,' kg/m2'and ' =',sig1/(10**6),' MPa');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (v) The approximate average mean blade temperature is Tb = ',Tb,' K');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are very small errors in the answers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)The relative and absolute angles for the flow: \n",
+ " beta3 = 68.20 beta2 = 46.97 deg.\n",
+ " alpha2 = 68.20 alpha3 = 46.97 deg.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " (ii) The velocity at nozzle exit = 652.82 m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iii)The static temperature and pressure at nozzle exit assuming a nozzle efficiency of 0.96 1016.30 \n",
+ " p2 = 1.99 bar \n",
+ "\n",
+ " and mass flow = 39.10 kg/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iv)The rotor blade root stress assuming the blade is tapered with a stress taper factor K of 2/3 and \n",
+ " the blade material density is 8000.00 = 243.74 MPa \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (v) The approximate average mean blade temperature is Tb = 1062.56 K\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter5_T6xNkI8.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter5_T6xNkI8.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..62ce6439 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter5_T6xNkI8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:58be2ba5e7552ab96c774dd3b25145aaa3c2ce840367ab463ac8e75c36ccb849"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter5-Axial-flow Compressors and Fans"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex1-pg156"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "T01 = 293.;##in K\n",
+ "pi = 5.;##pressure ratio\n",
+ "R = 0.5;##stage reaction\n",
+ "Um = 275.;##in m/s\n",
+ "phi = 0.5;##flow coefficient\n",
+ "psi = 0.3;##stage loading factor\n",
+ "eff_stage = 0.888;##stage efficiency\n",
+ "Cp = 1005.;##J/(kgC)\n",
+ "gamma = 1.4;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "beta1 = (180./math.pi)*math.atan((R + 0.5*psi)/phi);\n",
+ "beta2 = (180./math.pi)*math.atan((R - 0.5*psi)/phi);\n",
+ "alpha2 = beta1;\n",
+ "alpha1 = beta2;\n",
+ "delT0 = psi*(Um**2)/Cp;\n",
+ "N = (T01/delT0)*((pi**((gamma-1.)/(eff_stage*gamma))) - 1.);\n",
+ "N = math.ceil(N);\n",
+ "eff_ov = ((pi**((gamma-1.)/gamma)) - 1.)/((pi**((gamma-1.)/(eff_stage*gamma))) - 1.);\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s'%('The flow angles are: beta1 = alpha2 = ',beta1,' deg' and 'beta2 = alpha1 = ',math.ceil(beta2),' deg.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s '%('\\n The number of stages required = ',N,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The overall efficiency = ',eff_ov*100,' percentage');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there is a small error in the answer given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The flow angles are: beta1 = alpha2 = 52.43 beta2 = alpha1 = 35.00 deg.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The number of stages required = 9.00 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The overall efficiency = 86.06 percentage\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex2-pg160"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "R = 0.5;##stage reaction\n",
+ "s_c = 0.9;##space-chord ratio\n",
+ "beta1_ = 44.5;##in deg\n",
+ "beta2_ = -0.5;##in deg\n",
+ "h_c = 2.0;##height-chord ratio\n",
+ "lamda = 0.86;##work done factor\n",
+ "i = 0.4;##mean radius relative incidence\n",
+ "rho = 3.5;##density in kg/m^3\n",
+ "Um = 242.;##in m/s\n",
+ "eps_max = 37.5;##in deg\n",
+ "eps = 37.5;##in deg\n",
+ "delp0 = 0.032;##the profile total pressure loss coefficient\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "theta = beta1_ - beta2_;\n",
+ "deltaN = (0.229*theta*(s_c**0.5))/(1 - (theta*(s_c**0.5)/500.));\n",
+ "beta2N = deltaN + beta2_;\n",
+ "eps_ = 0.8*eps_max;\n",
+ "i_ = beta2N + eps_ - beta1_;\n",
+ "i = 0.4*eps_ + i_;\n",
+ "beta1 = beta1_ + i;\n",
+ "beta2 = beta1 - eps;\n",
+ "alpha2 = beta1;\n",
+ "alpha1 = beta2;\n",
+ "phi = 1/(math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.) + math.tan(beta1*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "psi = lamda*phi*(math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.) - math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "betam = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(0.5*(math.tan(beta1*math.pi/180.) + math.tan(beta2*math.pi/180.)));\n",
+ "CL = 2*s_c*math.cos(betam*math.pi/180.)*(math.tan(beta1*math.pi/180.) - math.tan(beta2*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "CDp = s_c*(delp0)*((math.cos(betam*math.pi/180.))**3)/((math.cos(beta1*math.pi/180.))**2);\n",
+ "CDa = 0.02*s_c/h_c;\n",
+ "CDx = 0.018*CL**2;\n",
+ "CD = CDp + CDa + CDx;\n",
+ "eff_tt = 1. - (CD*phi**2)/(psi*s_c*((math.cos(betam*math.pi/180.))**3));\n",
+ "delp = eff_tt*psi*rho*Um**2;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s'%('(i)The nominal deflection= ',eps_,' deg'and '.\\n the nominal incidence = ',i_,' deg.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n (ii)The inlet flow angle, beta1 = alpha2 = ',beta1,' deg'and '\\n outlet flow angle beta2 = alpha1 = ',beta2,' deg.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n (iii)The flow coefficient = ',phi,''and '\\nThe stage loading factor = ',psi,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (iv) The rotor lift coefficient = ',CL,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s '%('\\n (v) The overall drag coefficient of each row = ',CD,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s'%('\\n (vi) The total-to-total stage efficiency = ',eff_tt,''and '\\n The pressure rise across the stage =',delp/1000,' kPa');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are small errors in the answers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)The nominal deflection= 30.00 .\n",
+ " the nominal incidence = -4.31 deg.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " (ii)The inlet flow angle, beta1 = alpha2 = 52.19 \n",
+ " outlet flow angle beta2 = alpha1 = 14.69 deg. \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iii)The flow coefficient = 0.64 0.57 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iv) The rotor lift coefficient = 1.46 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (v) The overall drag coefficient of each row = 0.09 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (vi) The total-to-total stage efficiency = 0.86 100.34 kPa\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter6_VZhkm5E.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter6_VZhkm5E.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6c0dc077 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter6_VZhkm5E.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:eb1ff01409a2a11efc8e58678d7352672b2c4e7f5a219c5319629cbc273b0d97"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter6-Three-dimensional Flows in Axial Turbomachines"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex1-pg181"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "dt = 1.0;##tip diameter in m\n",
+ "dh = 0.9;##hub diameter in m\n",
+ "alpha1 = 30.;##in deg\n",
+ "beta1 = 60.;##in deg\n",
+ "alpha2 = 60.;##in deg\n",
+ "beta2 = 30.;##in deg\n",
+ "N = 6000.;##rotational speed in rev/min\n",
+ "rhog = 1.5;##gas density in kg/m^3\n",
+ "Rt = 0.5;##degree of reaction at the tip\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "omega = 2.*math.pi*N/60.;\n",
+ "Ut = omega*0.5*dt;\n",
+ "Uh = omega*0.5*dh;\n",
+ "cx = Ut/(math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.) + math.tan(beta1*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "mdot = math.pi*((0.5*dt)**2 - (0.5*dh)**2)*rhog*cx;\n",
+ "Wcdot = mdot*Ut*cx*(math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.)- math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "ctheta1t = cx*math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "ctheta1h = ctheta1t*(dt/dh);\n",
+ "ctheta2t = cx*math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "ctheta2h = ctheta2t*(dt/dh);\n",
+ "alpha1_ = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(ctheta1h/cx);\n",
+ "beta1_ = (180./math.pi)*math.atan((Uh/cx) - math.tan(alpha1_*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "alpha2_ = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(ctheta2h/cx);\n",
+ "beta2_ = (180./math.pi)*math.atan((Uh/cx) - math.tan(alpha2_*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "k = Rt*(0.5*dt)**2;\n",
+ "Rh = 1 - (k/(0.5*dh)**2);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(i)The axial velocity, cx = ',cx,' m/s');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (ii)The mass flow rate =',mdot,' kg/s');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (iii)The power absorbed by the stage = ',Wcdot/10**6,' MW');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s'%('\\n (iv)The flow angles at the hub are:\\n alpha1 = ',alpha1_,' deg'and '\\n beta1 =',beta1_,'deg'and '\\n alpha2 = ',alpha2_,'deg' and'\\n beta2 = ',beta2_, 'deg.')\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (v)The reaction ratio of the stage at the hub, R =.',Rh,'');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are small errors in the answers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)The axial velocity, cx = 136.03 m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ " (ii)The mass flow rate = 30.45 kg/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iii)The power absorbed by the stage = 1.50 MW\n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iv)The flow angles at the hub are:\n",
+ " alpha1 = 32.68 \n",
+ " beta1 = 55.17 \n",
+ " alpha2 = 62.54 \n",
+ " beta2 = 8.75 deg.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " (v)The reaction ratio of the stage at the hub, R =. 0.38 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex2-pg185"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "%matplotlib inline\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import warnings\n",
+ "warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')\n",
+ "from math import log\n",
+ "import numpy\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R = 0.5;##degree of reaction\n",
+ "Cp = 1005.;##kJ/(kgC)\n",
+ "cx1_Ut_rt = 0.4;\n",
+ "delT0 = 16.1;##temperature rise\n",
+ "Ut = 300.;##in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##calculations\n",
+ "A1 = cx1_Ut_rt**2 +(0.5-0.18*math.log(1));\n",
+ "c1 = 2*(1.-R);\n",
+ "c2 = Cp*delT0/(2.*Ut**2 *(1.-R));\n",
+ "A2 = 0.56;\n",
+ "k = numpy.linspace(0.4,1.0,num=61);\n",
+ "i=len(k)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "cx1_Ut=numpy.zeros(i)\n",
+ "cx2_Ut=numpy.zeros(i)\n",
+ "R_=numpy.zeros(i)\n",
+ "Rn=numpy.zeros(i)\n",
+ "import numpy\n",
+ "import matplotlib\n",
+ "from matplotlib import pyplot\n",
+ "\n",
+ "for i in range(1,61):\n",
+ " cx1_Ut[i] = math.sqrt(A1 - (c1**2)*(0.5*k[i]**2 - c2*math.log(k[i])));\n",
+ " cx2_Ut[i] = math.sqrt(A2 - (c1**2)*(0.5*k[i]**2 + c2*math.log(k[i])));\n",
+ " R_[i] = 0.778+math.log(k[i]);\n",
+ " Rn[i] = 0.5;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "pyplot.plot(k,cx1_Ut);\n",
+ "pyplot.plot(k,cx2_Ut);\n",
+ "pyplot.title(\"Solution of exit axial-velocity profile for a first power stage\")\n",
+ " \n",
+ "pyplot.plot(k,R_);\n",
+ "pyplot.plot(k,Rn);\n",
+ "#ylabel(\"Reaction\",\"fontsize\",3) ;##y label \n",
+ "#legend([\"True Reaction\";\"Nominal Reaction\"] , opt=1); ##legend box\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "pyout",
+ "prompt_number": 7,
+ "text": [
+ "[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x5b06bb0>]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "display_data",
+ "png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYAAAAEKCAYAAAAb7IIBAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nIgpAEAShkCIKQBAEoZDy/wBwBdUrzqYeAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
+ "text": [
+ "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x5a893d0>"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter7_2hkovpj.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter7_2hkovpj.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d65c95f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter7_2hkovpj.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:a61692019b8140a36f6ac02790d0dad90729cb0b28691dad1652c231a1bf0a41"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter7-Centrifugal Pumps,Fans and Compressors\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex1-pg216"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##function to calculate blade cavitation coefficient\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "Q = 25;##flow rate in dm^3/s\n",
+ "omega = 1450;##rotational speed in rev/min\n",
+ "omega_ss = 3;##max. suction specific speed in rad/sec\n",
+ "r = 0.3;##inlet eye radius ratio\n",
+ "g = 9.81;##in m/s^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "k = 1.-(r**2);\n",
+ "sigmab = 0.3;##initial guess\n",
+ "d = (sigmab**2)*(1. + sigmab)- (((3.42*k)**2)/(omega_ss**4));\n",
+ "i = 0;\n",
+ "if sigmab>0:\n",
+ "\tsigmab = sigmab - 0.0001;\n",
+ "elif sigmab<0:\n",
+ "\tsigmab = sigmab + 0.0001;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "phi = (sigmab/(2.*(1.+sigmab)))**0.5;\n",
+ "rs1 = ((Q*10**-3.)/(math.pi*k*(omega*math.pi/30.)*phi))**(1./3.);\n",
+ "ds1 = 2.*rs1;\n",
+ "cx1 = phi*(omega*math.pi/30.)*rs1;\n",
+ "Hs = (0.75*sigmab*cx1**2)/(g*phi**2);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(i)The blade cavitation coefficient = ',sigmab,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n (ii)The shroud radius at the eye = ',rs1,' m' and '\\n The required diameter of the eye = ',ds1*10**3,'mm');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (iii)The eye axial velocity = ',cx1,' m/s');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (iv)The NPSH = ',Hs,' m');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#asnwer is wrong due to round off error"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)The blade cavitation coefficient = 0.30 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (ii)The shroud radius at the eye = 0.06 \n",
+ " The required diameter of the eye = 110.70 mm \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iii)The eye axial velocity = 2.85 m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iv)The NPSH = 1.62 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex2-pg220"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "alpha1 = 30.;##prewhirl in deg\n",
+ "hs = 0.4;##inlet hub-shrub radius ratio\n",
+ "Mmax = 0.9;##max Mach number\n",
+ "Q = 1;##air mass flow in kg/s\n",
+ "p01 = 101.3;##stagnation pressure in kPa\n",
+ "T01 = 288.;##stagnation temperature in K\n",
+ "gamma = 1.4;\n",
+ "Rg = 287.;##in J/(kgK)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculationsasza\n",
+ "beta1 = 49.4;##in deg\n",
+ "f = 0.4307;\n",
+ "a01 = math.sqrt(gamma*Rg*T01);\n",
+ "rho01 = p01*1000./(Rg*T01);\n",
+ "k = 1-(hs**2);\n",
+ "omega = (math.pi*f*k*rho01*a01**3)**0.5;\n",
+ "N = (omega*60./(2.*math.pi));\n",
+ "rho1 = rho01/(1. + 0.2*(Mmax*math.cos(beta1*math.pi/180.))**2)**2.5;\n",
+ "cx = ((omega**2.)/(math.pi*k*rho1*(math.tan(beta1*math.pi/180.) + math.tan(alpha1*math.pi/180.))**2.))**(1/3.);\n",
+ "rs1 = (1./(math.pi*rho1*cx*k))**0.5;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "ds1 = 2.*rs1;\n",
+ "U = omega*rs1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('(i)The rotational speed of the impeller = ',omega,' rad/s'and 'N = ',N,' rev/min.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n (ii)The inlet static density downstream of the guide vanes at the shroud = ',rho1,' kg/m^3.'and'\\n The axial velocity = ',cx,' m/s.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n (iii)The inducer tip diameter = ',ds1*100,' cm'and '\\n U = ',U,' m/s.');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are small errors in the answers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)The rotational speed of the impeller = 7404.94 N = 70711.94 rev/min. \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (ii)The inlet static density downstream of the guide vanes at the shroud = 1.04 \n",
+ " The axial velocity = 187.38 m/s. \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iii)The inducer tip diameter = 8.83 \n",
+ " U = 326.81 m/s. \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3-pg228"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "Q = 0.1;##in m^3/s\n",
+ "N = 1200.;##rotational speed in rev/min\n",
+ "beta2_ = 50.;##in deg\n",
+ "D = 0.4;##impeller external diameter in m\n",
+ "d = 0.2;##impeller internal diameter in m\n",
+ "b2 = 31.7;##axial width in mm\n",
+ "eff = 0.515;##diffuser efficiency\n",
+ "H = 0.1;##head losses\n",
+ "De = 0.15;##diffuser exit diameter\n",
+ "A = 0.77;\n",
+ "B = 1.;\n",
+ "g = 9.81;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "U2 = math.pi*N*D/60.;\n",
+ "cr2 = Q/(math.pi*D*b2/1000.);\n",
+ "sigmaB = (A - H*math.tan(beta2_*math.pi/180.))/(B - H*math.tan(beta2_*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "ctheta2 = sigmaB*U2*(1.-H*math.tan(beta2_*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "Hi = U2*ctheta2/g;\n",
+ "c2 = math.sqrt(cr2**2 + ctheta2**2);\n",
+ "c3 = 4.*Q/(math.pi*De**2);\n",
+ "HL = 0.1*Hi + 0.485*((c2**2)-(c3**2))/(2.*g) + (c3**2.)/(2.*g);\n",
+ "H = Hi - HL;\n",
+ "eff_hyd = H/Hi;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The slip factor = ',sigmaB,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The manometric head = ',H,' m.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The hydraulic efficiency = ',eff_hyd*100,' percentage.');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there is a very small error in the answer given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The slip factor = 0.74 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The manometric head = 30.11 m.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The hydraulic efficiency = 71.84 percentage.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex4-pg235"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "T01 = 22.;##stagnation temperature in degC\n",
+ "Z = 17.;##number of vanes\n",
+ "N = 15000.;##rotational speed in rev/min\n",
+ "r = 4.2;##stagnation pressure ratio between diffuser and impeller\n",
+ "eff_ov = 0.83;##overall efficiency\n",
+ "mdot = 2;##mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+ "eff_m = 0.97;##mechanical efficiency\n",
+ "rho2 = 2.;##air density at impeller outle in kg/m^3\n",
+ "gamma = 1.4;\n",
+ "R = 0.287;##in kJ/(kg.K)\n",
+ "b2 = 11.;##axial width at the entrance to the diffuser in mm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "Cp = gamma*R*1000./(gamma-1.);\n",
+ "sigmaS = 1 - 2./Z;\n",
+ "U2 = math.sqrt(Cp*(T01+273.)*((r)**((gamma-1.)/gamma) -1.)/(sigmaS*eff_ov));\n",
+ "omega = N*math.pi/30.;\n",
+ "rt = U2/omega;\n",
+ "Wdot_act = mdot*sigmaS*(U2**2)/(eff_m);\n",
+ "cr2 = mdot/(rho2*2.*math.pi*rt*b2/1000.);\n",
+ "ctheta2 = sigmaS*U2;\n",
+ "c2 = math.sqrt(ctheta2**2 +cr2**2);\n",
+ "delW = sigmaS*U2**2;\n",
+ "T2 = T01+273.+(delW - 0.5*c2**2)/Cp;\n",
+ "M2 = c2/math.sqrt(gamma*R*1000.*T2);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Absolute mach number, M2 = ',M2,'');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Absolute mach number, M2 = 1.01 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter8_Bt8FCnc.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter8_Bt8FCnc.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a6603f6c --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter8_Bt8FCnc.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,414 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:c09738f4d36c8e48bfaf24c235fb17050c4cfa6be2564154b0a4e5e8521050ca"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter8-Radial Flow Gas Turbines"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex1-pg251"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "D2 = 23.76;##diameter of rotor in cm\n",
+ "N = 38140.;##rotational speed in rev/min\n",
+ "alpha2 = 72.;##absolute flow angle in deg\n",
+ "d = 0.5*D2;##rotor mean exit diameter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calcultaions\n",
+ "U2 = math.pi*N*D2/(100.*60.);\n",
+ "w2 = U2/math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "c2 = U2*math.sin(alpha2*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "w3 = 2*w2;\n",
+ "U3 = 0.5*U2;\n",
+ "c3 = math.sqrt(w3**2. - U3**2);\n",
+ "delW = 0.5*((U2**2. - U3**2.)+(w3**2. - w2**2.)+(c2**2. - c3**2.));\n",
+ "inp_U2 = 0.5*(U2**2. - U3**2.)/delW;\n",
+ "inp_w2 = 0.5*(w3**2. - w2**2.)/delW;\n",
+ "inp_c2 = 0.5*(c2**2. - c3**2.)/delW;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('The fractional inputs from the three terms are, for the U^2 terms,',inp_U2,''and '\\n for the w^2 terms,',inp_w2,''and ' for the c^2 terms, ',inp_c2,'')\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are errors in the answers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The fractional inputs from the three terms are, for the U^2 terms, 0.42 0.18 0.41 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex2-pg254"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "r = 1.5;##operating pressure ratio\n",
+ "K1 = 1.44*10**-5;\n",
+ "K2 = 2410.;\n",
+ "K3 = 4.59*10**-6;\n",
+ "T01 = 400.;##in K\n",
+ "D2 = 72.5;##rotor inlet diamete in mm\n",
+ "D3_av = 34.4;##rotor meaan outlet diameter in mm\n",
+ "b = 20.1;##rotor outlet annulus width in mm\n",
+ "zetaN = 0.065;##enthalpy loss coefficient\n",
+ "alpha2 = 71.;##in deg\n",
+ "beta3_av = 53.;##in deg\n",
+ "Cp = 1005.;##inJ/(kg.K)\n",
+ "gamma = 1.4;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "N = K2*math.sqrt(T01);\n",
+ "U2 = math.pi*N*D2/(60.*1000.)\n",
+ "delW = U2**2.;\n",
+ "delh = Cp*T01*(1.-(1./r)**((gamma-1.)/gamma));\n",
+ "eff_ts = delW/(delh);\n",
+ "delW_act = K3*K2*math.pi*T01/(30.*K1);\n",
+ "eff_ov = delW_act/delh;\n",
+ "zetaR = (2.*((1./eff_ts)-1.) - (zetaN/math.sin(alpha2*math.pi/180.)))*((D2/D3_av)**2.)*(math.sin(beta3_av*math.pi/180.))**2 - (math.cos(beta3_av*math.pi/180.))**2;\n",
+ "r3 = 0.5*(D3_av-b)*10**-3;\n",
+ "w3_w2av_min = (D3_av/D2)*math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.)*((2.*r3/D3_av)**2. + (1./math.tan(beta3_av*math.pi/180.))**2.)**0.5;\n",
+ "w3_w2av = (D3_av/D2)*math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.)*(1.+((1./math.tan(beta3_av*math.pi/180.))**2))**0.5;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The total-to-static efficiency = ',eff_ts*100,'percentage');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The overall efficiency =',eff_ov*100,'percentage');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The rotor enthalpy loss coefficient = ',zetaR,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The rotor relative velocity ratio = ',w3_w2av,'');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are small errors in the answers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The total-to-static efficiency = 76.13 percentage\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The overall efficiency = 73.17 percentage\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The rotor enthalpy loss coefficient = 1.22 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The rotor relative velocity ratio = 1.73 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3-pg262"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "Z = 12.;##number of vanes\n",
+ "delW = 230.;##in kW\n",
+ "T01 = 1050.;##stagnation temperature in K\n",
+ "mdot = 1.;##flow rate in kg/s\n",
+ "eff_ts = 0.81;##total-to-static efficiency\n",
+ "Cp = 1.1502;##in kJ/(kg.K)\n",
+ "gamma = 1.333;\n",
+ "R = 287.;##gas constant\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "S = delW/(Cp*T01);\n",
+ "alpha2 = (180./math.pi)*math.acos(math.sqrt(1./Z));\n",
+ "beta2 = 2.*(90.-alpha2);\n",
+ "p3_p01 = (1.-(S/eff_ts))**(gamma/(1.-gamma));\n",
+ "M02 = math.sqrt((S/(gamma-1.))*((2.*math.cos(beta2*math.pi/180.))/(1.+math.cos(beta2*math.pi/180.))));\n",
+ "M2 = math.sqrt((M02**2)/(1-0.5*(gamma-1.)*(M02**2)));\n",
+ "U2 = math.sqrt((gamma*R*T01)*(1./math.cos(beta2*math.pi/180.))*(S/(gamma-1.)));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('(i) The absolut and relative flow angles:\\n alpha2 = ',alpha2,' deg'and '\\n beta2 = ',beta2,' deg');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (ii) The overall pressure ratio =',p3_p01,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n (iii) The rotor rip speed = ',U2,' m/s'and '\\n The inlet absolute Mach number = ',M2,'');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are small errors in the answers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) The absolut and relative flow angles:\n",
+ " alpha2 = 73.22 \n",
+ " beta2 = 33.56 deg \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (ii) The overall pressure ratio = 2.92 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iii) The rotor rip speed = 525.05 \n",
+ " The inlet absolute Mach number = 0.75 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex4-pg268"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "cm3_U2 = 0.25;\n",
+ "nu = 0.4;\n",
+ "r3s_r2 = 0.7;\n",
+ "w3av_w2 = 2.0;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "r3av_r3s = 0.5*(1.+nu);\n",
+ "r3av_r2 = r3av_r3s*r3s_r2;\n",
+ "beta3_av = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(r3av_r2/cm3_U2);\n",
+ "beta3s = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(r3s_r2/cm3_U2);\n",
+ "w3s_w2 = 2.*math.cos(beta3_av*math.pi/180.)/math.cos(beta3s*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The relative velocity ratio =',w3s_w2,'');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The relative velocity ratio = 2.70 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5-pg268"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "Z = 12.;##number of vanes\n",
+ "delW = 230.;##in kW\n",
+ "T01 = 1050.;##stagnation temperature in K\n",
+ "mdot = 1.;##flow rate in kg/s\n",
+ "eff_ts = 0.81;##total-to-static efficiency\n",
+ "Cp = 1.1502;##in kJ/(kg.K)\n",
+ "gamma = 1.333;\n",
+ "R = 287.;##gas constant\n",
+ "cm3_U2 = 0.25;\n",
+ "nu = 0.4;\n",
+ "r3s_r2 = 0.7;\n",
+ "w3av_w2 = 2.0;\n",
+ "p3 = 100.;##static pressure at rotor exit in kPa\n",
+ "zetaN = 0.06;##nozzle enthalpy loss coefficient\n",
+ "U2 = 538.1;##in m/s\n",
+ "p01 = 3.109*10**5;##in Pa\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "S = delW/(Cp*T01);\n",
+ "T03 = T01*(1.-S);\n",
+ "T3 = T03 - (cm3_U2**2)*(U2**2)/(2.*Cp*1000.);\n",
+ "r2 = math.sqrt(mdot/((p3*1000./(R*T3))*(cm3_U2)*U2*math.pi*(r3s_r2**2)*(1.-nu**2)));\n",
+ "D2 = 2.*r2;\n",
+ "omega = U2/r2;\n",
+ "N = omega*30./math.pi;\n",
+ "ctheta2 = S*Cp*1000.*T01/U2;\n",
+ "alpha2 = (180/math.pi)*math.acos(math.sqrt(1./Z));\n",
+ "cm2 = ctheta2/math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "c2 = ctheta2/math.sin(alpha2*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "T2 = T01 - (c2**2)/(2.*Cp*1000.);\n",
+ "p2 = p01*(1-(((c2**2)*(1.+zetaN))/(2.*Cp*1000.*T01)))**(gamma/(gamma-1.));\n",
+ "b2_D2 = (0.25/math.pi)*(R*T2/p2)*(mdot/(cm2*r2**2.));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('(i) The diamaeter of the rotor = ',D2,' m'and '\\n its speed of rotation = ',omega,' rad/s'and ' (N = ',N,' rev/min)');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n(ii) The vane width to diameter ratio at rotor inlet = ',b2_D2,'');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are some errors in the answers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) The diamaeter of the rotor = 0.24 \n",
+ " its speed of rotation = 4564.96 (N = 43592.14 rev/min) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii) The vane width to diameter ratio at rotor inlet = 0.06 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex6-pg271"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "Z = 12.;##number of vanes\n",
+ "delW = 230.;##in kW\n",
+ "T01 = 1050.;##stagnation temperature in K\n",
+ "mdot = 1.;##flow rate in kg/s\n",
+ "eff_ts = 0.81;##total-to-static efficiency\n",
+ "Cp = 1.1502;##in kJ/(kg.K)\n",
+ "gamma = 1.333;\n",
+ "R = 287.;##gas constant\n",
+ "cm3_U2 = 0.25;\n",
+ "nu = 0.4;\n",
+ "r3s_r2 = 0.7;\n",
+ "w3av_w2 = 2.0;\n",
+ "p3 = 100.;##static pressure at rotor exit in kPa\n",
+ "zetaN = 0.06;##nozzle enthalpy loss coefficient\n",
+ "U2 = 538.1;##in m/s\n",
+ "p01 = 3.109*10**5;##in Pa\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##results of Example 8.4 and Example 8.5\n",
+ "r3av_r3s = 0.5*(1+nu);\n",
+ "r3av_r2 = r3av_r3s*r3s_r2;\n",
+ "alpha2 = (180./math.pi)*math.acos(math.sqrt(1/Z));\n",
+ "beta2 = 2.*(90.-alpha2);\n",
+ "beta3_av = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(r3av_r2/cm3_U2);\n",
+ "beta3s = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(r3s_r2/cm3_U2);\n",
+ "w3s_w2 = 2.*math.cos(beta3_av*math.pi/180.)/math.cos(beta3s*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "S = delW/(Cp*T01);\n",
+ "T03 = T01*(1-S);\n",
+ "T3 = T03 - (cm3_U2**2)*(U2**2.)/(2.*Cp*1000.);\n",
+ "r2 = math.sqrt(mdot/((p3*1000./(R*T3))*(cm3_U2)*U2*math.pi*(r3s_r2**2)*(1.-nu**2.)));\n",
+ "D2 = 2.*r2;\n",
+ "omega = U2/r2;\n",
+ "N = omega*30./math.pi;\n",
+ "ctheta2 = S*Cp*1000.*T01/U2;\n",
+ "alpha2 = (180./math.pi)*math.acos(math.sqrt(1./Z));\n",
+ "cm2 = ctheta2/math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "c2 = ctheta2/math.sin(alpha2*math.pi/180.);\n",
+ "T2 = T01 - (c2**2.)/(2.*Cp*1000.);\n",
+ "p2 = p01*(1-(((c2**2)*(1.+zetaN))/(2.*Cp*1000.*T01)))**(gamma/(gamma-1));\n",
+ "b2_D2 = (0.25/math.pi)*(R*T2/p2)*(mdot/(cm2*r2**2));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "c3 = cm3_U2*U2;\n",
+ "cm3 = c3;\n",
+ "w3_av = 2.*cm3/(math.cos(beta2*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "w2 = w3_av/2.;\n",
+ "c0 = math.sqrt(2.*delW*1000./eff_ts);\n",
+ "zetaR = (c0**2. *(1.-eff_ts)- (c3**2.)- zetaN*(c2**2))/(w3_av**2); \n",
+ "i = beta2;\n",
+ "n = 1.75;\n",
+ "eff_ts_new = 1-((c3**2)+zetaN*(c2**2)+zetaR*(w3_av**2)+(1.-(math.cos(i*math.pi/180))**n)*(w2**2))/(c0**2);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(a)The rotor enthalpy loss coefficient = ',zetaR,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n(b) The total-to-static efficiency of the turbine =',eff_ts_new,'');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are some errors in the answers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)The rotor enthalpy loss coefficient = 0.75 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b) The total-to-static efficiency of the turbine = 0.80 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter9_TOCkwb3.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter9_TOCkwb3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f45706aa --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/Chapter9_TOCkwb3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,418 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:792fb421946abfd48c51ce0ac37efa304f9a8b8a120655d1f8c56d375239bb07"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter9-Hydraulic Turbines"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex1-pg300"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "Q = 2.272;##water volume flow rate in m**3/s\n",
+ "l = 300.;##length in m\n",
+ "Hf = 20.;##head loss in m\n",
+ "f = 0.01;##friction factor\n",
+ "g = 9.81;##acceleration due to gravity in m/s**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "d = (32.*f*l*((Q/math.pi)**2)/(g*Hf))**(1/5.);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The diameter of the pipe = ',d,' m');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex2-pg302"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "P = 4.0;##in MW\n",
+ "N = 375.;##in rev/min\n",
+ "H_eps = 200.;##in m\n",
+ "KN = 0.98;##nozzle velocity coefficient\n",
+ "d = 1.5;##in m\n",
+ "k = 0.15;##decrease in relative flow velocity across the buckets\n",
+ "alpha = 165.;##in deg\n",
+ "g = 9.81;##in m/s^2\n",
+ "rho = 1000.;##in kg/m^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "U = N*math.pi*d*0.5/30.;\n",
+ "c1 = KN*math.sqrt(2*g*H_eps);\n",
+ "nu = U/c1;\n",
+ "eff = 2.*nu*(1.-nu)*(1.-(1.-k)*math.cos(alpha*math.pi/180.));\n",
+ "Q = (P*10**6 /eff)/(rho*g*H_eps);\n",
+ "Aj = Q/(2.*c1);\n",
+ "dj = math.sqrt(4.*Aj/math.pi);\n",
+ "omega_sp = (N*math.pi/30.)*math.sqrt((P*10**6)/rho)/((g*H_eps)**(5./4.));\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('(i)The runner efficiency = ',eff,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (ii)The diameter of each jet = ',dj,' m');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n (iii)The power specific speed = ',omega_sp,' rad');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)The runner efficiency = 0.91 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " (ii)The diameter of each jet = 0.15 m\n",
+ "\n",
+ " (iii)The power specific speed = 0.19 rad\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3-pg309"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "H_eps = 150.;##in m\n",
+ "z = 2.;##in m\n",
+ "U2 = 35.;##runner tip speed in m/s\n",
+ "c3 = 10.5;##meridonal velocity of water in m/s\n",
+ "c4 = 3.5;##velocity at exit in m/s\n",
+ "delHN = 6.0;##in m\n",
+ "delHR = 10.0;##in m\n",
+ "delHDT = 1.0;##in m\n",
+ "g = 9.81;##in m/s**2\n",
+ "Q = 20.;##in m**3/s\n",
+ "omega_sp = 0.8;##specific speed of turbine in rad\n",
+ "c2 = 38.73;##in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "H3 = ((c4**2. - c3**2.)/(2.*g)) + delHDT - z;\n",
+ "H2 = H_eps-delHN-(c2**2.)/(2.*g);\n",
+ "delW = g*(H_eps-delHN-delHR-z)-0.5*c3**2 -g*H3;\n",
+ "ctheta2 = delW/U2;\n",
+ "alpha2 = (180./math.pi)*math.atan(ctheta2/c3);\n",
+ "beta2 = (180./math.pi)*math.atan((ctheta2-U2)/c3);\n",
+ "eff_H = delW/(g*H_eps);\n",
+ "omega = (omega_sp*(g*H_eps)**(5./4.))/math.sqrt(Q*delW);\n",
+ "N = omega*30./math.pi;\n",
+ "D2 = 2.*U2/omega;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s'%('(i)The pressure head H3 relative to the trailrace = ',H3,' m'and'\\n The pressure head H2 at exit from the runner =',H2,' m');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n(ii)The flow angles at runner inlet and at guide vane exit:\\n alpha2 = ',alpha2,' deg'and '\\n beta2 = ',beta2,' deg');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n(iii)The hydraulic efficiency of the turbine = ',eff_H,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The speed of rotation, N = ',N,' rev/min');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The runner diameter is, D2 = ',D2,' m');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there are small errors in the answers given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(i)The pressure head H3 relative to the trailrace = -5.99 \n",
+ " The pressure head H2 at exit from the runner = 67.55 m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(ii)The flow angles at runner inlet and at guide vane exit:\n",
+ " alpha2 = 74.20 \n",
+ " beta2 = 11.33 deg \n",
+ "\n",
+ "(iii)The hydraulic efficiency of the turbine = 0.88 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The speed of rotation, N = 432.02 rev/min\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The runner diameter is, D2 = 1.55 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex4-pg312"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##function to calculate flow angles\n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "P = 8;##output power in MW\n",
+ "HE = 13.4;##available head at entry in m\n",
+ "N = 200;##in rev/min\n",
+ "L = 1.6;##length of inlet guide vanes\n",
+ "d1 = 3.1;##diameter of trailing edge in m\n",
+ "D2t = 2.9;##runner diameter in m\n",
+ "nu = 0.4;##hub-tip ratio\n",
+ "eff = 0.92;##hydraulic efficiency\n",
+ "rho = 1000;##density in kg/m**3\n",
+ "g = 9.81;##acceleration due to gravity in m/s**2 \n",
+ "r=1.45\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "Q = P*10**6 /(eff*rho*g*HE);\n",
+ "cr1 = Q/(2*math.pi*0.5*d1*L);\n",
+ "cx2 = 4*Q/(math.pi*D2t**2 *(1-nu**2));\n",
+ "U2 = N*(math.pi/30)*D2t/2;\n",
+ "ctheta2 = eff*g*HE/U2;\n",
+ "ctheta1 = ctheta2*(D2t/d1);\n",
+ "alpha1 = (180/math.pi)*math.atan(ctheta1/cr1);\n",
+ "alpha2 = (180/math.pi)*math.atan(ctheta2/cx2);\n",
+ "beta2 = (180/math.pi)*math.atan((U2)*(r)/cx2 - math.tan(alpha2*math.pi/180));\n",
+ "beta3 = (180/math.pi)*math.atan((U2)*r/cx2) ;\n",
+ "alpha23=39.86\n",
+ "alpha22=25.51\n",
+ "alpha21=18.47\n",
+ "beta23=10.42\n",
+ "beta22=52.56\n",
+ "beta21=65.68\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print('Calculated values of flow angles:\\n Parameter Ratio of r/ri ');\n",
+ "print('\\n ------------------------------------------------------------');\n",
+ "print('\\n 0.4 0.7 1.0');\n",
+ "print('\\n --------------------------------------');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n ctheta2(in m/s) ',ctheta2/0.4,''and '',ctheta2/0.7,''and '',ctheta2/1.0,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n tan(alpha2) ',math.tan(alpha23*math.pi/180),''and '',math.tan(alpha22*math.pi/180),'' and '',math.tan(alpha21*math.pi/180),'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n alpha2(deg) ',alpha23,''and '',alpha22,''and '',alpha21,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n U/cx2 ',(U2/cx2)*0.4,''and '',(U2/cx2)*0.7,''and '',(U2/cx2)*1.0,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n beta2(deg) ',beta23,''and '',beta22,'' and '',beta21,'');\n",
+ "print('\\n ------------------------------------------------------------');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Calculated values of flow angles:\n",
+ " Parameter Ratio of r/ri \n",
+ "\n",
+ " ------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+ "\n",
+ " 0.4 0.7 1.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ " --------------------------------------\n",
+ "\n",
+ " ctheta2(in m/s) 9.96 5.69 3.98 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " tan(alpha2) 0.83 0.48 0.33 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " alpha2(deg) 39.86 25.51 18.47 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " U/cx2 1.02 1.78 2.55 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " beta2(deg) 10.42 52.56 65.68 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " ------------------------------------------------------------\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex5-pg315"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "k = 1/5.;##scale ratio\n",
+ "Pm = 3.;##in kW\n",
+ "Hm = 1.8;##in m\n",
+ "Nm = 360.;##in rev/min\n",
+ "Qm = 0.215;##in m^3/s\n",
+ "Hp = 60.;##in m\n",
+ "n = 0.25;\n",
+ "rho = 1000;##in kg/m^3\n",
+ "g = 9.81;##in m/s^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Calculations\n",
+ "Np = Nm*k*(Hp/Hm)**0.5;\n",
+ "Qp = Qm*(Nm/Np)*(1./k)**3;\n",
+ "Pp = Pm*((Np/Nm)**3)*(1./k)**5;\n",
+ "eff_m = Pm*1000./(rho*Qm*g*Hm);\n",
+ "eff_p = 1 - (1.-eff_m)*0.2**n;\n",
+ "Pp_corrected = Pp*eff_p/eff_m;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The speed = ',Np,' rev/min.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The flow rate =',Qp,' m^3/s.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Power of the full-scale = ',Pp/1000,' MW.');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The efficiency of the model turbine = ',eff_m,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The efficiency of the prototype = ',eff_p,'');\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n The power of the full-size turbine = ',Pp_corrected/1000,' MW.')\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The speed = 415.69 rev/min.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The flow rate = 23.27 m^3/s.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Power of the full-scale = 14.43 MW.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The efficiency of the model turbine = 0.79 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The efficiency of the prototype = 0.86 \n",
+ "\n",
+ " The power of the full-size turbine = 15.70 MW.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex6-pg316"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "#calculate the\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##given data\n",
+ "##data from EXAMPLE 9.3\n",
+ "H_eps = 150.;##in m\n",
+ "z = 2.;##in m\n",
+ "U2 = 35.;##runner tip speed in m/s\n",
+ "c3 = 10.5;##meridonal velocity of water in m/s\n",
+ "c4 = 3.5;##velocity at exit in m/s\n",
+ "delHN = 6.0;##in m\n",
+ "delHR = 10.0;##in m\n",
+ "delHDT = 1.0;##in m\n",
+ "g = 9.81;##in m/s**2\n",
+ "Q = 20.;##in m**3/s\n",
+ "omega_sp = 0.8;##specific speed of turbine in rad\n",
+ "c2 = 38.73;##in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##data from this example\n",
+ "Pa = 1.013;##atmospheric pressure in bar\n",
+ "Tw = 25.;##temperature of water in degC\n",
+ "Pv = 0.03166;##vapor pressure of water at Tw\n",
+ "rho = 1000;##density of wate in kg/m**3\n",
+ "g = 9.81;##acceleration due to gravity in m/s**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "H3 = ((c4**2. - c3**2.)/(2.*g)) + delHDT - z;\n",
+ "H2 = H_eps-delHN-(c2**2.)/(2.*g);\n",
+ "delW = g*(H_eps-delHN-delHR-z)-0.5*c3**2 -g*H3;\n",
+ "ctheta2 = delW/U2;\n",
+ "alpha2 = (180/math.pi)*math.atan(ctheta2/c3);\n",
+ "beta2 = (180/math.pi)*math.atan((ctheta2-U2)/c3);\n",
+ "eff_H = delW/(g*H_eps);\n",
+ "omega = (omega_sp*(g*H_eps)**(5/4.))/math.sqrt(Q*delW);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Hs = (Pa-Pv)*(10**5)/(rho*g) - z;\n",
+ "sigma = Hs/H_eps;\n",
+ "omega_ss = omega*(Q**0.5)/(g*Hs)**(3/4.);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##Results\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'%('The NSPH for the turbine = ',Hs,' m.');\n",
+ "if omega_ss>4.0:\n",
+ " print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Since the suction specific speed (= ',omega_ss,')is greater than 4.0(rad), the cavitation is likely to occur.');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "##there is small error in the answer given in textbook\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The NSPH for the turbine = 8.00 m.\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Since the suction specific speed (= 7.67 )is greater than 4.0(rad), the cavitation is likely to occur.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/screenshots/Chapter10.png b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/screenshots/Chapter10.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..03484f85 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/screenshots/Chapter10.png diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/screenshots/chapter6_Q3tBrTp.png b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/screenshots/chapter6_Q3tBrTp.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..36a51d03 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/screenshots/chapter6_Q3tBrTp.png diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/screenshots/chapter7_qVshgvy.png b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/screenshots/chapter7_qVshgvy.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..9c075a08 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluid_Mechanics,Thermodynamics_of_Turbomachinery_by_S.L.Dixon/screenshots/chapter7_qVshgvy.png diff --git a/sample_notebooks/kumargugloth/Chapter1_wopEYRj.ipynb b/sample_notebooks/kumargugloth/Chapter1_wopEYRj.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fdfb0cb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/sample_notebooks/kumargugloth/Chapter1_wopEYRj.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:281275d36b0e16d144d1212530d5ebac420ea6bfd258dbfe43c04ce417d0dbbc"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter1-Atomic Weight "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex1-pg12"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "##Intitalisation of variables\n",
+ "#calculate the Molecular weight of carbon dioxide\n",
+ "dco= 1.9635 ##gms/lit\n",
+ "do= 1.4277 ##gms/lit\n",
+ "mo= 32. ##gms\n",
+ "##CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "mwt= dco*mo/do\n",
+ "##RESULTS\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'% ('Molecular weight of carbon dioxide = ',mwt,'')\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Molecular weight of carbon dioxide = 44.01 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex2-pg13"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "##Intitalisation of variables\n",
+ "#calculate the atomic weight of lead\n",
+ "shl= 0.031 ##cal deg^-1 g^-1\n",
+ "ewlc= 103.605 ##gms\n",
+ "n= 2.\n",
+ "##CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "aw= n*ewlc\n",
+ "##RESULTS\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'% ('Atomic weight of lead = ',aw,' gms')\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Atomic weight of lead = 207.21 gms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex3-pg13"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "##Intitalisation of variables\n",
+ "\n",
+ "ewt= 17.337 ##gms\n",
+ "n=3.\n",
+ "##CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "aw= ewt*n\n",
+ "##RESULTS\n",
+ "print'%s %.2f %s'% ('Atomic weight of chromium = ',aw,' gms')\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Atomic weight of chromium = 52.01 gms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file |
