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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:1379f2f8d6e289c373beb86705dd50349840a6850fd79932957ae177aa587cc0"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 12 : Microwave Measurements"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.1 Page Number: 649"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Is=0.1*(10**-6)  #A\n",
+      "Pi=0  #dBm\n",
+      "Cs=0.1*(10**-12)  #F\n",
+      "Ls=2*(10**-9) \n",
+      "Cj=0.15*(10**-12)  #F\n",
+      "Rs=10  #ohm\n",
+      "T=293  #K\n",
+      "nktbye=25*(10**-3)  #V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Rj\n",
+      "Rj=(nktbye/Is) \n",
+      "print 'Rj =',Rj/1000,'kohm'\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Bi\n",
+      "Bi=nktbye/2 \n",
+      "Bii=Bi*1000 \n",
+      "print 'Bi =',Bii,'A/W' \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Bv\n",
+      "Bv=Rj*Bii \n",
+      "print 'Bv =',Bv,'V/W' "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rj = 250.0 kohm\n",
+        "Bi = 12.5 A/W\n",
+        "Bv = 3125000.0 V/W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.2 Page Number: 650"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import log10\n",
+      "#Given\n",
+      "vswr=4.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "modT=(vswr-1)/(vswr+1) \n",
+      "Lm=-10*log10(1-(modT*modT))  #dB\n",
+      "print 'Mismatch Loss =',round(Lm,3),'dB' \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Sensitivity reduces by a factor\n",
+      "Bvd=(1-(modT*modT)) \n",
+      "Bvdp=Bvd*100 \n",
+      "print 'Voltge sensitivity reduces by',Bvdp,\"%\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Mismatch Loss = 1.938 dB\n",
+        "Voltge sensitivity reduces by 64.0 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.3 Page Number: 650"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt, pi\n",
+      "#Given\n",
+      "f=10E+9  #Hz\n",
+      "c=3E+10  #cm/s\n",
+      "a=4  #cm\n",
+      "s=0.1  #cm\n",
+      "lmb=c/f  #cm\n",
+      "lmbg=lmb/(sqrt(1-((lmb/(2*a))**2))) \n",
+      "vswr=lmbg/(pi*s) \n",
+      "print 'VSWR =',round(vswr,3) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Answer in book for lmbg is given as 3.49 but it should be 3.23 and hence the answer will be 10.3"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "VSWR = 10.301\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 37
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.4 Page Number: 651"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "delx=3.5  #cm\n",
+      "s=0.25  #cm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "lmbg=2*delx \n",
+      "vswr=lmbg/(pi*s) \n",
+      "print 'VSWR =',round(vswr,3) "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "VSWR = 8.913\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.5 Page Number: 651"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "vswr=2.0 \n",
+      "Pin=4.5E-3  #W\n",
+      "\n",
+      "modT=(vswr-1)/(vswr+1) \n",
+      "#Power reflected,\n",
+      "Pr=(modT**2)*Pin \n",
+      "#As coupler samples only 1/1000th power\n",
+      "Prr=Pr*1000 \n",
+      "print 'Reflected Power =',Prr,'W' "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reflected Power = 0.5 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.6 Page Number: 652"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "from math import tan, sqrt, pi\n",
+      "Z0=50  #ohm\n",
+      "p=2.4 \n",
+      "L=0.313 \n",
+      "x=2*pi*L \n",
+      "y=tan(x) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Zl=(Z0*(1+(p*p*1J)))/(p+(p*1J)) \n",
+      "T=(Zl-Z0)/(Zl+Z0) \n",
+      "p=sqrt(T.real**2+T.imag**2) \n",
+      "print 'Reflection coefficient =',round(p,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reflection coefficient = 0.41\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.7 Page Number: 652"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Zl=25+25*1J  #ohm\n",
+      "Z0=50  #ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "T=(Zl-Z0)/(Zl+Z0) \n",
+      "p=sqrt(T.real**2+T.imag**2) \n",
+      "print 'Reflection coefficient =',round(p,2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "vswrr=(1+p)/(1-p) \n",
+      "print 'VSWR =', round(vswrr,2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Fraction of power delivered\n",
+      "Pd=1-(p**2) \n",
+      "Pdp=Pd*100 \n",
+      "print 'Fraction of power delivered =',Pdp,'%' "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reflection coefficient = 0.45\n",
+        "VSWR = 2.62\n",
+        "Fraction of power delivered = 80.0 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.8 Page Number: 653"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "d=2.4 #cm\n",
+      "lmbc=1.8 \n",
+      "c=3*10**10  #cm/s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "lmbg=2*d \n",
+      "lmb=(lmbg*lmbc)/(sqrt(lmbg**2+lmbc**2)) \n",
+      "#Operating frequency\n",
+      "f=c/lmb \n",
+      "print 'Operating frequency =',round((f/10**9),2), 'GHz' "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Operating frequency = 17.8 GHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 42
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.9 Page Number: 653"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "from numpy import array#Given\n",
+      "p=1.5 \n",
+      "IsL=1  #dB\n",
+      "InL=30  #dB\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S21=10**(-IsL/20) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Assuming three ports to be identical\n",
+      "S32=S21 \n",
+      "S13=S21 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Isolations are also the same\n",
+      "S31=10**(-InL/20) \n",
+      "S23=S31 \n",
+      "S12=S31 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Refelction coefficients are also the same\n",
+      "T=(p-1)/(p+1) \n",
+      "S11=T \n",
+      "S22=T \n",
+      "S33=T \n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=array([S11,S12,S13,S21,S22,S23,S31,S32,S33] )\n",
+      "print 'Matrix is:',S "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Matrix is: [ 0.2   0.01  0.1   0.1   0.2   0.01  0.01  0.1   0.2 ]\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.10 Page Number: 654"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R1=10.6  #GHz\n",
+      "R2=8.30  #GHz\n",
+      "Q0=8200 \n",
+      "Q0d=890.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Er=(R1/R2)**2 \n",
+      "print 'Dielectric constant =', round(Er ,2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Qd=(Q0-Q0d)/(Q0*Q0d) \n",
+      "print 'Loss tangent of dielectric =',round(Qd ,4)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Dielectric constant = 1.63\n",
+        "Loss tangent of dielectric = 0.001\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 44
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.11 Page Number: 654"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "l0=0.15  #cm\n",
+      "lmbg=2*2.24  #cm\n",
+      "le=1.14  #cm\n",
+      "a=2.286  #cm\n",
+      "d=2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "B0=(2*pi)/lmbg \n",
+      "x=tan(B0*l0)/(B0*l0) \n",
+      "#Also\n",
+      "x1=(l0*x)/le \n",
+      "#Correct value seems to be\n",
+      "Bele=2.786 \n",
+      "e1=((((a/pi)**2)*(Bele/le)**2)+1) \n",
+      "e2=(((2*a)/lmbg)**2)+1 \n",
+      "Er=e1/e2 \n",
+      "print 'Er =',round(Er ,3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Answer in book for Er is given as 2.062 but it should be 2.038"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Er = 2.039\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 45
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
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