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| author | kinitrupti | 2017-05-12 18:53:46 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | kinitrupti | 2017-05-12 18:53:46 +0530 |
| commit | 6279fa19ac6e2a4087df2e6fe985430ecc2c2d5d (patch) | |
| tree | 22789c9dbe468dae6697dcd12d8e97de4bcf94a2 /Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_R._R._Dudeja/Chapter5_1.ipynb | |
| parent | d36fc3b8f88cc3108ffff6151e376b619b9abb01 (diff) | |
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diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_R._R._Dudeja/Chapter5_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_R._R._Dudeja/Chapter5_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..d4366624 --- /dev/null +++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_R._R._Dudeja/Chapter5_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1476 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:9df1a39eaf45bb37d3874de747aedcb050a5a7704427c92544b1342299e9f172"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 5 : Optical Sources Laser"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1: PgNo-193"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable declaration\n",
+ "t=0.1*math.pow(10,-6) # pulse broading in sec\n",
+ "d=12 # disance in km\n",
+ "B=1/(2*t) # max bandwidth MHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "ds=t/d #dispersion in ns/km\n",
+ "bl=B*d # bandwidth length product\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.1f %s' %(\" The max bandwidth = \",B/pow(10,6),\"MHz\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\"\\n The dispersion = \",ds*pow(10,9),\"ns/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n bandwidth length product = \",bl/pow(10,6),\"MHz km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The max bandwidth = 5.0 MHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The dispersion = 8.333 ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " bandwidth length product = 60.0 MHz km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 65
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2: PgNo-194"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "t=0.1*math.pow(10,-6) # pulse broadening in sec\n",
+ "d=15 # disance in km\n",
+ "B=1/(2*t) # max bandwidth MHz\n",
+ "ds=t/d # dispersion in ns/km\n",
+ "bl=B*d # bandwidth length product\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.1f %s' %(\" The max bandwidth = \",B/pow(10,6),\"MHz\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\"\\n The dispersion = \",ds*pow(10,9),\"ns/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n bandwidth length product = \",bl/pow(10,6),\"MHz km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The max bandwidth = 5.0 MHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The dispersion = 6.667 ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " bandwidth length product = 75.0 MHz km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 66
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3: PgNo-197"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "n1=1.465 # core refractive index\n",
+ "n2=1.45 #cladding refractive index\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "NA=math.sqrt(math.pow(n1,2)-math.pow(n2,2)) # numerical aperture\n",
+ "Mp=math.pow(NA,2)/(2*n1*c) # multipath pulse broadening in ns/km\n",
+ "bl=(1/math.pow(NA,2))*(2*n1*c) # bandwidth length product in GHz km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f' %(\" The numerical aperture = \", NA))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The multipath pulse broadening = \",Mp*pow(10,9),\"ns/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n The bandwidth length product = \",bl/pow(10,9),\"GHz km\"))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The numerical aperture = 0.21\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The multipath pulse broadening = 0.05 ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The bandwidth length product = 20.1 GHz km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 67
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4: PgNo-199"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "ds=0.020 # material dispersion\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of light m/s\n",
+ "y=1.3 #wavelength in um\n",
+ "M=ds/(c*y) # material dispersion parameter in ps/nm/km\n",
+ "w=6 # spectral width in nm\n",
+ "l=1 # length in km\n",
+ "rm=w*l*M # rms pulse broadening in ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The material dispersion parameter = \",M*math.pow(10,12),\"ps/nm/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The rms pulse broadening = \",rm*math.pow(10,9),\"ns/km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The material dispersion parameter = 51.28 ps/nm/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The rms pulse broadening = 0.31 ns/km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 68
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5: PgNo-201"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "wr=0.0014 # relative spectral width in nm\n",
+ "y=1.3*math.pow(10,-6) # wavelength in m\n",
+ "w=wr*y # spectral width in nm\n",
+ "ds=0.020 # material dispersion\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "M=ds/(c*y) # material dispersion parameter in ps/nm/km\n",
+ "l=1 # length in km\n",
+ "rm=w*l*M # rms pulse broadening in ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\" The rms pulse broadening = \",rm*pow(10,9)*pow(10,3),\"ns/km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The rms pulse broadening = 0.093 ns/km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 69
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6: PgNo-205"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Initialisation of variables\n",
+ "n1=1.46 # core refractive index\n",
+ "dl=0.01 # relative index difference\n",
+ "L=10*math.pow(10,3) # optical length in meter\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "dt=(L*n1*dl)/c #delay difference in s\n",
+ "dT=dt*math.pow(10,9) # delay difference in ns\n",
+ "rm=(L*n1*dl)/(2*math.sqrt(3)*c) # rms pulse broadening s\n",
+ "rM=rm*math.pow(10,9) # rms pulse broadening ns\n",
+ "bt=0.2/rm # max bit rate in bit/sec\n",
+ "bT=bt/math.pow(10,6) # max bit rate in M bits/sec\n",
+ "bl=bt*L # bandwidth length product in Hz meter\n",
+ "bL=(bt*L)/(math.pow(10,6)*math.pow(10,3)) #bandwidth length product in MHz km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The delay difference = \",dT,\"ns\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The rms pulse broadening = \",rM,\"ns\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The max bit rate = \",bT,\"M bits/sec\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The bandwidth length product = \",bL,\"MHz km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The delay difference = 486.67 ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The rms pulse broadening = 140.49 ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The max bit rate = 1.42 M bits/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The bandwidth length product = 14.24 MHz km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 70
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7: PgNo-208"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "n1=1.5 # core refractive index\n",
+ "dl=0.01 # relative index difference\n",
+ "L=6*math.pow(10,3) # optical length in meter\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "rm=(L*n1*dl)/(2*math.sqrt(3)*c) # rms pulse broadening s\n",
+ "rM=rm*math.pow(10,9) # rms pulse broadening ns\n",
+ "bt=0.2/rm # max bit rate in bit/sec\n",
+ "bT=bt/math.pow(10,6) # max bit rate in M bits/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The rms pulse broadening = \",rM,\"ns\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n The max bit rate = \",bT,\"M bits/sec\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The rms pulse broadening = 86.60 ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The max bit rate = 2.3094 M bits/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 71
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8: PgNo-209"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "n1=1.4 # core refractive index\n",
+ "dl=0.012 # relative index difference\n",
+ "L=6*math.pow(10,3) # optical length in meter\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "dt=(L*n1*dl)/c # delay difference in s\n",
+ "dT=dt*math.pow(10,9) # delay difference in ns\n",
+ "rm=(L*n1*dl)/(2*math.sqrt(3)*c) # rms pulse broadening s\n",
+ "rM=rm*math.pow(10,9) # rms pulse broadening ns\n",
+ "bt=0.2/rm # max bit rate in bit/sec\n",
+ "bT=bt/math.pow(10,6) # max bit rate in M bits/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.f %s' %(\" The delay difference = \",dT,\"ns\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n The rms pulse broadening = \",rM,\"ns\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\"\\n The max bit rate = \",bT,\"M bits/sec\"))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The delay difference = 336 ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The rms pulse broadening = 97.0 ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The max bit rate = 2.062 M bits/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 72
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9: PgNo-211"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable initialisation\n",
+ "n1=1.5 #core refractive index\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of light m/s\n",
+ "w=6*math.pow(10,-6) # rms spectral width in m\n",
+ "M=200 # material dispersion parameter in ps/nm/km\n",
+ "NA=0.25 # numerical aperture\n",
+ "w=50 # spectral width in nm\n",
+ "L=1 # length in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "rm=w*L*M # rms pulse broadening in s/km\n",
+ "rM=rm/math.pow(10,3) # rms pulse broadening in ns/km due to material dispersion\n",
+ "rm1=(L*1000*math.pow((NA),2))/(4*math.sqrt(3)*n1*c) # rms pulse broadening in ns/km due to material dispersion in sec/m\n",
+ "rM1=rm1*math.pow(10,9) # rms pulse broadening in ns/km due to intermodel dispersion in ns/km\n",
+ "rmt=math.sqrt(math.pow(rM,2)+math.pow(rM1,2)) # total rms pulse broadening in ns/km\n",
+ "bl=0.2/(rmt*math.pow(10,-9)) # bandwidth length product in Hz km\n",
+ "bL=bl/math.pow(10,6) # bandwidth length product in MHz km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The total rms pulse broadening = \",rmt,\"ns/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The bandwidth length product = \",bL,\"MHz km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The total rms pulse broadening = 22.40 ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The bandwidth length product = 8.93 MHz km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 73
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10: PgNo-214"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "yo=1320.0 # zero dispersion wavelength in nm\n",
+ "y=1290.0 # dispersion wavelength in nm\n",
+ "so=0.092 # dispersion slop\n",
+ "dt=(y*so/4)*(1-math.pow((yo/y),4)) #toal first order dispersion at 1290 nm in ps/nm/km\n",
+ "yo1=1310.0 # zero dispersion wavelength in um\n",
+ "y1=1550.0 # dispersion wavelength in nm\n",
+ "so=0.092 # dispersion slope\n",
+ "dt1=(y1*so/4)*(1-math.pow((yo1/y1),4)) # toal first order dispersion at 1550 nm in ps/nm/km\n",
+ "DM=13.5 # profile dispersion in ps/nm/km\n",
+ "DP=0.4 # profile dispersion in ps/nm/km\n",
+ "DW=dt1-(DM+DP) # wavelength dispersion in ps/nm/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The total first order dispersion at 1290 nm = \",dt,\"ps/nm/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The total first order dispersion at 1550 nm = \",dt1,\"ps/nm/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The wavelength dispersion at 1550 nm = \",DW,\"ps/nm/km\"))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The total first order dispersion at 1290 nm = -2.86 ps/nm/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The total first order dispersion at 1550 nm = 17.46 ps/nm/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The wavelength dispersion at 1550 nm = 3.56 ps/nm/km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 74
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11: PgNo-218"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable declaration\n",
+ "L=6*math.pow(10,-2) # beat length in m\n",
+ "dy=6*math.pow(10,-9) # spectral width in m\n",
+ "y=1.3*math.pow(10,-6) # operating wavelength in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "BF=y/(L) # model birefrigence in um\n",
+ "Lc=math.pow(y,2)/(BF*dy) # coherence length in m\n",
+ "db=2*math.pi/(L) #difference beween two propagation constants\n",
+ "dB=(2*math.pi*BF)/y\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The model birefrigence = \",BF*pow(10,6),\"um\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n The coherence length= \",Lc,\"m\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f' %(\"\\n The difference beween two propagation constants= \", db))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f' %(\"\\n The difference beween two propagation constants= \", dB))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The model birefrigence = 21.67 um\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The coherence length= 13.0 m\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The difference beween two propagation constants= 104.72\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The difference beween two propagation constants= 104.72\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 75
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 12: PgNo-219"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "y=0.85*math.pow(10,-6) # operating wavelength in m\n",
+ "L=0.5*math.pow(10,-3) # beat length in m\n",
+ "BF=y/(L) # model birefrigence in um\n",
+ "L1=75 # beat length in m\n",
+ "BF1=y/(L1) #model birefrigence in um\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\" The model birefrigenceat 0.5 nm = \",BF,\"*10^-3\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\"\\n The model birefrigence at 75 m = \",BF1*math.pow(10,8),\"*10^-8\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The model birefrigenceat 0.5 nm = 0.0017 *10^-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The model birefrigence at 75 m = 1.133 *10^-8\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 76
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13: PgNo-222"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "Lc=100000 # coherence length in m\n",
+ "y=1.32*math.pow(10,-6) # operating wavelength in m\n",
+ "dy=1.5*math.pow(10,-9) # spectral width in m\n",
+ "BF=math.pow(y,2)/(Lc*dy) # model birefrigence in um\n",
+ "L=y/BF # beat length in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The beat length= \",L,\"m\"))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The beat length= 113.64 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 77
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 14: PgNo-225"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable initialisation\n",
+ "n1=1.46 # core refractive index\n",
+ "NA=0.25 # numerical aperture\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,5) # the speed of light km/s\n",
+ "L=7 # length in km\n",
+ "si=math.pow(NA,2)/(4*math.sqrt(3)*n1*c) # intermodel pulse broadening ns/km\n",
+ "st=si*L # total intermodel pulse broadening\n",
+ "BW=0.187/st # bandwidth in MHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The intermodel pulse broadening = \",st*math.pow(10,9),\"ns/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n The bandwidth = \",BW/math.pow(10,6),\"MHz\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The intermodel pulse broadening = 144.17 ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The bandwidth = 1.2971 MHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 78
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 15: PgNo-227"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "n1=1.46 # core refractive index\n",
+ "df=0.025\n",
+ "L=500 # length in m\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "dt=(n1*L*math.pow(df,2))/(8*c) # max dispersion in ns/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\" The max dispersion = \",dt*math.pow(10,9),\"ns/m\"))\n",
+ "print (\"\\n The answer in the textbook is wrong \")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The max dispersion = 0.1901 ns/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The answer in the textbook is wrong \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 79
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 16: PgNo-229"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "dy=15 # spectral width in nm\n",
+ "L=25 # optical length in km\n",
+ "ps=1.60 #pulse spreads in ns/km\n",
+ "pS=1.6 # pulse spreads in ns/km\n",
+ "d=pS/(dy*L) # material dispersion in ns/km^2/nm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\" The max dispersion = \",d,\"ns/km^2/nm\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The max dispersion = 0.0043 ns/km^2/nm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 80
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 17: PgNo-231"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "n1=1.46 # core refractive index\n",
+ "NA=0.2 # numerical aperture\n",
+ "L=1.5*math.pow(10,3) # length in m\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the spee of light in m/s\n",
+ "dt=(L*math.pow(NA,2))/(2*c*n1) #intermodel dispersion in ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\" The intermodel dispersion = \",dt*math.pow(10,9),\"ns/km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The intermodel dispersion = 68.493 ns/km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 81
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 18: PgNo-234"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable initialisation\n",
+ "BLP=250*math.pow(10,6) # bandwidth length product in Hz\n",
+ "tr=0.32/BLP # intermodel pulse width broadening\n",
+ "md=75 # material dispersion in ps/nm.km\n",
+ "tm=2.25 # pulse broadening due to material dispersion in ns/km\n",
+ "tc=math.sqrt(math.pow((tr*math.pow(10,9)),2)+math.pow(tm,2)) # combine pulse broadening in ns/km\n",
+ "Ba=0.32/tm*math.pow(10,9) # actual BLP in Hz.km\n",
+ "Bac=Ba/math.pow(10,6) # actual BLP in MHz.km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The intermodel pulse width broadening = \",tr*pow(10,9),\"ns/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n pulse broadening due to material dispersion = \",tm,\"ns/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n The combine pulse broadening = \",tc,\"ns/km\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The actual BLP = \",Bac,\"MHz.km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The intermodel pulse width broadening = 1.28 ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " pulse broadening due to material dispersion = 2.25 ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The combine pulse broadening = 2.5886 ns/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The actual BLP = 142.22 MHz.km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 82
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 19: PgNo-235"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "L=40 # length in m\n",
+ "Ny=.75 # in ps/nm\n",
+ "dy=8 # spectral width in nm\n",
+ "t_mat=L*Ny*dy # chromatic/material dispersion in ps\n",
+ "t_mat1=t_mat/1000 # chromatic/material dispersion in ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The chromatic/material dispersion = \",t_mat1,\"ns\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The chromatic/material dispersion = 0.24 ns\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 83
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 20: PgNo-237"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "y=1.3 # operating wavelength in um\n",
+ "md=2.80 # material dispersion in ns\n",
+ "wd=0.50 # waveguide dispersion in ns\n",
+ "wt=0.60 # width of transmitted pulse in ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "td=math.sqrt(math.pow(md,2)+math.pow(wd,2)) # total dispersion in ns\n",
+ "dt=wt+td # received pulse width in ns\n",
+ "br=1/(5*dt*math.pow(10,-9)) # max bit rate bit/sec\n",
+ "Br=br/math.pow(10,6) # max bit rate in mbps\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\" The received pulse width = \",dt,\"ns\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n The max bit rate = \",Br,\"mbps\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The received pulse width = 3.4443 ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The max bit rate = 58.0671 mbps\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 84
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 21: PgNo-239"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "y=0.85 # operating wavelength in um\n",
+ "md=2.75 # material dispersion in ns\n",
+ "wd=0.45 # waveguide dispersion in ns\n",
+ "wt=0.50 # width of transmitted pulse in ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "td=math.sqrt(math.pow(md,2)+math.pow(wd,2)) # total dispersion in ns\n",
+ "dt=wt+td # received pulse width in ns\n",
+ "br=1/(5*dt*math.pow(10,-9)) # max bit rate bit/sec\n",
+ "Br=br/math.pow(10,6) # max bit rate in mbps\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\" The received pulse width = \",dt,\"ns\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The max bit rate = \",Br,\"mbps\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The received pulse width = 3.2866 ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The max bit rate = 60.85 mbps\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 85
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 22: PgNo-241"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "n1=1.46 # core refractive index\n",
+ "df=0.025\n",
+ "L=1500 # length in meter\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of ligth in m/s\n",
+ "md=(n1*L*df)/(c*(1-df)) # max dispersion in sec\n",
+ "Md=md*math.pow(10,9) # max dispersion in ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The max dispersion = \",Md,\"ns\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The max dispersion = 187.18 ns\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 86
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 23: PgNo-243"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "n1=1.5 # core refractive index\n",
+ "L=1000 # length in meter\n",
+ "NA=0.22 # numerical aperture\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "dl=math.pow((NA/n1),2)/2;\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of ligth in m/s\n",
+ "dt=(L*n1*dl)/c #intermodel dispersion in sec\n",
+ "dT=dt*math.pow(10,9) # intermodel dispersion in ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The max dispersion = \",dT,\"ns\"))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The max dispersion = 53.78 ns\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 87
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 24: PgNo-246"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "w=30.0 # line width in nm\n",
+ "L=1.5 # length in km\n",
+ "d1=6.0 # in ns/km\n",
+ "d2=85.0 # in ps/km/nm\n",
+ "d3=d2/1000 # in ns/km/nm\n",
+ "dt=d1*L # intermodel dispersion in ns\n",
+ "dt1=w*d3*L # intramodel dispersion in ns\n",
+ "dT=math.sqrt(math.pow(dt,2)+math.pow(dt1,2)) # total dispersion in ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.1f %s' %(\" The max dispersion = \",dt,\"ns\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\"\\n The max dispersion = \",dt1,\"ns\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\"\\n The max dispersion = \",dT,\"ns\"))\n",
+ "print (\"\\n answer in the textbook is wrong \")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The max dispersion = 9.0 ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The max dispersion = 3.825 ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The max dispersion = 9.779 ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ " answer in the textbook is wrong \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 88
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 25: PgNo-248"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "n1=1.55 # core refractive index\n",
+ "n2=1.48 # cladding refractive index\n",
+ "l=150 # fiber length in m\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) #the speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "dl=(math.pow(n1,2)-math.pow(n2,2))/(2*n1)\n",
+ "dL=0.068\n",
+ "dt=(l*n1*dL)/(c) # intermodel dispersion in s\n",
+ "dT=dt*math.pow(10,9) # intermodel dispersion in ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The intermodel dispersion = \",dT,\"ns\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The intermodel dispersion = 52.70 ns\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 89
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 26: PgNo-249"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Initialisation of variables\n",
+ "n1=1.42 # core refractive index\n",
+ "dl=0.02\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "dt=(n1*dl)/c # intermodel disersion in sec/m\n",
+ "dt1=dt*1000 # intermodel disersion in sec/km\n",
+ "dt2=dt1*math.pow(10,9) # intermodel disersion in ns/km\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\" The intermodel dispersion per km = \",dt2,\"ns/km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The intermodel dispersion per km = 94.667 ns/km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 90
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 27: PgNo-251"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print (\" Dwg=n2*(dl/cy)*V(d^2(Vb)/dV^2)\")\n",
+ "print (\"\\n Dwg=n2*(dl/cy)*V(d^2(V(1-exp(-V))))/dv^2\")\n",
+ "print (\"\\n =CV(Z-V)exp(-V)\")\n",
+ "print (\"\\n where C=n2(dl/cy)\")\n",
+ "print (\"\\n waveguide dispersion will be zero , when V=2\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " Dwg=n2*(dl/cy)*V(d^2(Vb)/dV^2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Dwg=n2*(dl/cy)*V(d^2(V(1-exp(-V))))/dv^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ " =CV(Z-V)exp(-V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ " where C=n2(dl/cy)\n",
+ "\n",
+ " waveguide dispersion will be zero , when V=2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 91
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 28: PgNo-255"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# variable initialisation\n",
+ "y=900.0 # operating wavelength in nm\n",
+ "yo=1343.0 # wavelength in nm\n",
+ "so=0.095 # in ps/nm^2-km\n",
+ "L=150.0 # in km\n",
+ "dy=50.0 # in nm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "Dy=(so*y/4)*(1-math.pow((yo/y),4)) # inps/nm-km\n",
+ "Dy1=Dy*(-1) # do not consider -ve sign\n",
+ "dt=Dy1*L*dy # pulse spreading in ps\n",
+ "dt1=dt/1000 # pulse spreading in ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.3f %s' %(\" The pulse spreading = \",dt1,\"ns\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The pulse spreading = 634.567 ns\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 92
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 29: PgNo-260"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Initialisation of variables\n",
+ "n1=1.48 # core refractive index\n",
+ "y=900 # operating wavelength in nm\n",
+ "yo=1343 # wavelength in nm\n",
+ "so=0.095 # in ps/nm^2-km\n",
+ "L=1.5 # in km\n",
+ "dy=50 # in nm\n",
+ "dl=0.002\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of ligth in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "Dm=(so*y/4)*(1-math.pow((yo/y),4))# inps/nm-km\n",
+ "Dm1=Dm*(-1) # do not consider -ve sign\n",
+ "Vd=0.26\n",
+ "Dw=((n1*dl)/(c*y*math.pow(10,-9)))*(Vd);\n",
+ "DW=Dw*math.pow(10,6)# in ps/nm-km\n",
+ "dt=DW*L*dy # pulse spreading in ps\n",
+ "dt1=dt/100 # pulse spreading in ns\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\" The pulse spreading = \",dt1,\"ps\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The pulse spreading = 2.1378 ps\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 93
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 30: PgNo-263"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Initialisation of variables\n",
+ "a=4.1*math.pow(10,-6) # core radius in um\n",
+ "dl=0.0036\n",
+ "y1=1.310*math.pow(10,-6) # operating wavelength in um\n",
+ "y2=1.550*math.pow(10,-6)# operating wavelength in um\n",
+ "n1=1.4677# core refrative index at y=1.310\n",
+ "n2=1.4682# core refrative index at y=1.550\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "v1=(2*3.14*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*dl))/y1# normalised frequency at y=1.310\n",
+ "v2=(2*3.14*a*n2*math.sqrt(2*dl))/y2# normalised frequency at y=1.550\n",
+ "wo=a*(0.65+(1.619/math.pow(v1,1.5))+2.879/math.pow(v1,3))\n",
+ "wp=wo-a*(0.016+1.567/math.pow(v1,7))\n",
+ "wo1=a*(0.65+(1.619/math.pow(v2,1.5))+2.879/math.pow(v2,3))\n",
+ "wp1=wo-a*(0.016+1.567/math.pow(v2,7))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\" The value of wo = \",wo*pow(10,6),\"um\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n The value of wp = \",wp*pow(10,6),\"um\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n The value of wo1 = \",wo1*pow(10,6),\"um\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\"\\n The value of wp1 = \",wp1*pow(10,6),\"um\"))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The value of wo = 5.2031 um\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The value of wp = 5.1253 um\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The value of wo1 = 6.2264 um\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The value of wp1 = 5.0980 um\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 94
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 31: PgNo-268"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Initialisation of variables\n",
+ "y=1.30*math.pow(10,-6) # operating wavelength in m\n",
+ "dn1=math.pow(10,-6)\n",
+ "dn2=math.pow(10,-5)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "db1=(dn1*2*3.14)/y# in per m\n",
+ "db2=(dn2*2*3.14)/y# in per m\n",
+ "Lp1=(2*3.14)/(db1)# beat length in m\n",
+ "Lp2=(2*3.14)/(db2)# beat length in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The max core radius = \",db1,\"um\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The max core radius = \",db2,\"um\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n The beat length = \",Lp1,\"m\"))\n",
+ "print ('%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n The beat length = \",Lp2*100,\"cm\"))\n",
+ "print (\"\\n Hence, range of beat length; 13cm-1.3m\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The max core radius = 4.83 um\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The max core radius = 48.31 um\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The beat length = 1.30 m\n",
+ "\n",
+ " The beat length = 13.0 cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Hence, range of beat length; 13cm-1.3m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 95
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 32: PgNo-269"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable initialisation\n",
+ "n1=1.48 # core refractive index\n",
+ "dl=0.0027\n",
+ "a=4.4*math.pow(10,-6) # radius in m\n",
+ "y=1.32*math.pow(10,-6) # operating wavelength in m\n",
+ "n2=n1*(1-dl)\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of ligth in m/s\n",
+ "v=(2*3.14*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*dl))/y\n",
+ "VD=0.080+0.549*math.pow((2.834-v),2)\n",
+ "DW=(-1)*(n2*dl*VD)/(c*y) # wavelength dispersion in s /um/m\n",
+ "Dw=DW*math.pow(10,6) # wavelength dispersion in ps /nm/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.4f %s' %(\" The wavelength dispersion = \",Dw,\"ps n/m/km\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The wavelength dispersion = -2.5213 ps n/m/km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 96
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 33: PgNo-271"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable initialisation\n",
+ "n1=1.48 # core refractive index\n",
+ "dl=0.01 # refractive index difference\n",
+ "c=3*math.pow(10,8) # the speed of light in m/s\n",
+ "y=1.55 # wavelength in um\n",
+ "DM=7.0 # in ps/nm-km\n",
+ "DW=(-1)*DM # in ps/nm-km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# calculations\n",
+ "X=math.pow(-10,12)*(n1*dl)/(c*y)# in ps/nm/km\n",
+ "Z=(DW/X)-0.08\n",
+ "V=2.834-math.sqrt(-Z/0.549)\n",
+ "a=(V*y)/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*dl))# core radius in um\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print ('%s %.2f %s' %(\" The core radius = \",a,\"um\"))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The core radius = 2.47 um\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 97
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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