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author: hardythe1 2015-04-07 15:58:05 +0530
committer: hardythe1 2015-04-07 15:58:05 +0530
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tree: 725a7d43dc1687edf95bc36d39bebc3000f1de8f /Engineering_Physics
parent: 62aa228e2519ac7b7f1aef53001f2f2e988a6eb1 (diff)
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diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter11_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter11_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:1d5f4970753c62d94a2bd202867cc0f79046f1baac4b1a42721a5ae6844ad5f4"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "11: Nuclear Radiations and Detectors"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.1, Page number 227"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "r0=1.2;              #radius(fm)\n",
+      "A=7;                 #mass number \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "r=r0*A**(1/3);\t     #radius of Li(fm) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The radius of Li is\",round(r,4),\"fm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The radius of Li is 2.2955 fm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.2, Page number 227"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "M=235.043945;         #atomic mass of uranium(u)\n",
+      "Z=92;                 #atomic number of uranium\n",
+      "mp=1.007825;          #mass of proton(kg)\n",
+      "N=143;                #no.of neutrons\n",
+      "mn=1.008665;          #mass of neutron(kg)\n",
+      "A=235;                #number of nucleons\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "B=(((Z*mp)+(N*mn)-(M))/A)*931.5;            #Binding energy(MeV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The binding energy per nucleon is\",round(B,3),\"MeV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The binding energy per nucleon is 7.591 MeV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.3, Page number 227"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#After removing one neutron from Ca(A=43;Z=20) it becomes Ca(A=42;Z=20)\n",
+      "M=41.958622;             #mass of Ca(A=42;Z=20)(kg)\n",
+      "mn=1.008665;             #mass of neutron(kg)\n",
+      "E=42.95877;              #mass of Ca(A=43;Z=20)(kg)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "C=M+mn;\n",
+      "D=C-E;\n",
+      "B=D*931.5;               #Binding energy of neutron(MeV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The binding energy of neutron is\",round(B,4),\"MeV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The binding energy of neutron is 7.9336 MeV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.4, Page number 227"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "mBe=9.012182;            #Atomic mass of beryllium(u)\n",
+      "mHe=4.002603;            #Atomic mass of helium\n",
+      "mn=1.008665;             #mass of neutron(kg)\n",
+      "mC=12.000000;            #Atomic mass of carbon\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "Q=(mBe+mHe-mn-mC)*931.5        #energy balance of the reaction(MeV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Q-value is\",round(Q,1),\"MeV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Q-value is 5.7 MeV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.5, Page number 227"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "mLi=7.016004;              #mass of Lithium(A=7)(u)\n",
+      "mH=1.007825;               #mass of Hydrogen(A=1)(u)\n",
+      "mHe=4.002603;              #mass of helium(A=4)(u)\n",
+      "p=0.5;                       #energy of proton(MeV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "Q=(mLi+mH-2*(mHe))*931.5     #energy balance of the reaction(MeV)\n",
+      "#The energy of 2 alpha particles is equal to the Q-value + energy of proton.\n",
+      "Ealpha=(Q+p)/2;              #energy of each alpha particle(MeV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Q-value of the reaction is\",round(Q,2),\"MeV\"\n",
+      "print \"The energy of each alpha particle is\",round(Ealpha,3),\"MeV\"\n",
+      "print \"answer for energy in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Q-value of the reaction is 17.35 MeV\n",
+        "The energy of each alpha particle is 8.924 MeV\n",
+        "answer for energy in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.6, Page number 228"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "wt=1000;            #weight(gm)\n",
+      "A=235;              #mass number of uranium\n",
+      "N=(6.02*10**23/A)*wt;         #no.of nuclei in 1kg of uranium\n",
+      "Q=208;                          #energy-balance of the reaction\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "E=N*Q;                          #Energy released(MeV)\n",
+      "#1MeV=4.45*10^-20kWh\n",
+      "E=E*4.45*10**-20;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The energy released is\",round(E/10**7,3),\"*10**7 kWh\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The energy released is 2.371 *10**7 kWh\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.7, Page number 228"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "wt=5000;                   #weight(gm)\n",
+      "A=235;                     #mass number of uranium\n",
+      "Ef=208;                    #Energy released per fission(MeV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "N=(6.02*10**23/A)*wt;      #number of nuclei in 5 Kg\n",
+      "E=N*Ef;                    #Energy(MeV)\n",
+      "E=E*1.6*10**-13;           #Energy(J)\n",
+      "T=24*60*60;                #time\n",
+      "P=E/T;                     #power(MW)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The power output of a nuclear reactor is\",round(P/10**6),\"MW\"\n",
+      "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The power output of a nuclear reactor is 4934.0 MW\n",
+        "answer given in the book is wrong\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.8, Page number 228"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "A=235;                  #mass number of uranium\n",
+      "p=1000;                 #amount of electric power produced(MW)\n",
+      "e=0.32;                 #energy conversion efficiency of the plant\n",
+      "f=200;                  #fission energy per event(MeV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "I=p/e;                  #Input nuclear energy(MW)\n",
+      "TE=I*(10**6)*3600*24*365;           #total energy(J)\n",
+      "EF=f*(10**6)*1.6*10**-19;           #Energy released per fission event(J)\n",
+      "N=TE/EF;                            #Number of nuclei required\n",
+      "M=N*A/(6.02*10**23);       #corresponding mass(g)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The amount of uranium required is\",round(M*10**-3,1),\"kg\"\n",
+      "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The amount of uranium required is 1202.2 kg\n",
+        "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.9, Page number 229"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-19;                  #charge of the particle(c)\n",
+      "B=1;                            #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "m=1.67*10**-27;                 #mass of proton(kg)\n",
+      "r=0.5;                              #radius(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "omega=(q*B)/m;                  #angular frequency(radian/s)\n",
+      "v=(omega/(2*math.pi))*10**-8;           #frequency(MHz)\n",
+      "s=omega*r;                          #speed of proton(m/s)\n",
+      "K=(m*(s**2))*(1/2)*6.27*10**12;     #kinetic energy of protons emerging from cyclotron(MeV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The frequency of oscillator to accelerate protons is\",round(omega/10**8,2),\"*10**8 radian/s\"\n",
+      "print \"The speed of proton is\",round(s/10**7,1),\"*10**7 m/s\"\n",
+      "print \"The kinetic energy of protons emerging from the cyclotron is\",int(K),\"MeV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The frequency of oscillator to accelerate protons is 0.96 *10**8 radian/s\n",
+        "The speed of proton is 4.8 *10**7 m/s\n",
+        "The kinetic energy of protons emerging from the cyclotron is 12 MeV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.10, Page number 229"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "rho=1.83*10**17;                     #average density of carbon nucleus(kg/m^3)\n",
+      "m=12;                                #mass(u)\n",
+      "e=1.66*10**-27;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "r=(m*e/((4/3)*math.pi*rho))**(1/3)*10**15;         #radius(fm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The radius is\",round(r,2),\"fm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The radius is 2.96 fm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.11, Page number 229"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-19;              #charge of the particle(c)\n",
+      "B=5;                        #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;              #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "v=(q*B)/(2*math.pi*m);      #cyclotron frequency(Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"cyclotron frequency of electron is\",round(v/10**11,1),\"*10**11 Hz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "cyclotron frequency of electron is 1.4 *10**11 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.12, Page number 229"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "k=1.5;                           #maximum kinetic energy(MeV)\n",
+      "m=1.67*10**-27;                  #mass of proton(kg)\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-19;                   #charge of particle(c)\n",
+      "r=0.35;                          #radius(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "B=math.sqrt(k*10**6*q*2*m)/(q*r);           #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The mgnetic field is\",round(B,1),\"T\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The mgnetic field is 0.5 T\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 34
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.13, Page number 229"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "m=1.67*10**-27;                       #mass of proton(kg)\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-19;                        #charge of particle(q)\n",
+      "v=25;                                 #cyclotron frequency(MHz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "B=(v*10**6*2*math.pi*m)/q;          #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The required magnetic field is\",round(B,4),\"T\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The required magnetic field is 1.6395 T\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 37
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 11.14, Page number 229"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "v=20;                 #cyclotron frequency(MHz)\n",
+      "B=1.3;                #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "d=2*math.pi*v*10**6/B;           #charge to mass ratio of proton(C/kg)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"charge to mass ratio of proton is\",round(d/10**6,2),\"*10**6 C/kg\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "charge to mass ratio of proton is 96.66 *10**6 C/kg\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter13_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter13_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..83323d13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter13_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:46a82c7fe1b65af7ee26b9fa38521b26c61cee31bc75dd5001fe45442416739c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "13: Optical Fibre"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 13.1, Page number 250"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n1=1.49;                    #refractive index of core\n",
+      "n2=1.46;                    #refractive index of cladding\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "NA=math.sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2));      #Numerical aperture\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The numerical aperture is\",round(NA,1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The numerical aperture is 0.3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 13.2, Page number 250"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "NA=0.5;                       #numerical aperture of fibre \n",
+      "n0=1;                         #refractive index of the medium(air)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "i=math.asin(NA/n0);           #acceptance angle(radian)\n",
+      "i=i*180/math.pi;         #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The acceptance angle is\",i,\"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The acceptance angle is 30.0 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 13.3, Page number 250"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "NA=0.25;                        #numerical apperture\n",
+      "lamda=0.75;                    #wavelength(micro m)\n",
+      "a=25;                           #core radius(micro m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "f=(2*math.pi*a*NA)/lamda;      #normalised frequency\n",
+      "Ng=(f**2)/2;                    #number of guided modes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The number of guided modes is\",int(Ng)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The number of guided modes is 1370\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 13.4, Page number 250"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "pi=100;                 #mean optical power launched(micro m)\n",
+      "po=5;                   #mean optical power at fibre output(micro W)\n",
+      "l=6;                    #length(km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "S=10*math.log10(pi/po);         #signal attenuation(dB)\n",
+      "Sk=S/l;                 #signal attenuation(dB/km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The signal attenuation is\",round(Sk,3),\"dB/km\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The signal attenuation is 2.168 dB/km\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 13.5, Page number 250"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "ns=2.89;                 #sum of refractive indices of core & cladding\n",
+      "nd=0.03;                 #difference of refractive indices of core & cladding\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "NA=math.sqrt(ns*nd);         #numerical apperture\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The numerical apperture for the optical fibre is\",round(NA,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The numerical apperture for the optical fibre is 0.29\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 13.6, Page number 250"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "NA=0.28;                  #numerical aperture\n",
+      "a=30;                     #core radius(micro m)\n",
+      "lamda=0.8;               #wavelength(micro m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "f=(2*math.pi*a*NA)/lamda;           #normalised frequency\n",
+      "Ng=f**2/2;                           #number of guided modes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The number of guided modes is\",int(Ng)\n",
+      "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The number of guided modes is 2176\n",
+        "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 13.7, Page number 250"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "S=2;                  #signal attenuation(dB/km)\n",
+      "l=1;                  #length(km)\n",
+      "p0=20;                #mean optical power at fibre output(micro W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "pi=p0*10**(S/10);     #mean optical power launched into fibre(micro W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The mean optical power launched into a fibre is\",round(pi,1),\"micro W\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The mean optical power launched into a fibre is 31.7 micro W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 13.8, Page number 251"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "S=2.3;                #Signal attenuation(dB/km)\n",
+      "l=4;                  #length(km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "S=S*l;                #signal attenuation for 4km in dB\n",
+      "P=10**(S/10);         #ratio of mean optical power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"ratio of mean optical power is\",round(P,1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "ratio of mean optical power is 8.3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 13.9, Page number 251"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "op=1/4;          #ratio\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "#S=10*log(pi/po)\n",
+      "S=10*math.log10(1/op);         #signal attenuation(dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"Signal attenuation is\",int(S),\"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Signal attenuation is 6 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter1_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter1_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter1_1.ipynb
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter2_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter2_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..b527497e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter2_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:ad2a8335720a8ceacd5db30334fb790c6a4c8fa5b69e23fcad6e232d80ed69c2"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "2: Crystal Structure"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 2.1, Page number 29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "d=6.5*10**3;                 #density of silver bromide(Kg/m**3)\n",
+      "m=187.8;                     #molecular weight of silver bromide\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "M=(4*m)/(6.022*10**26);       #mass of ion in unit cell(kg)\n",
+      "#d=mass of ions in unit cell/volume of unit cell\n",
+      "a=((M/d)**(1/3))*10**10;        #lattice parameter(Angstrom)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The lattice parameter is\",round(a,2),\"Angstrom\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The lattice parameter is 5.77 Angstrom\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 2.2, Page number 29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "r=2.3;                            #atomic radius(Angstrom)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "a=(4*r)/math.sqrt(3);     \n",
+      "fv=((a)**3-(2*(4/3)*math.pi*r**3))*10**-30;    #free volume(m**3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The free volume per unit cell is\",round(fv*10**30,1),\"*10**-30 m**3\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The free volume per unit cell is 47.9 *10**-30 m**3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 2.3, Page number 29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "k=8.625*10**-5;                          #Boltzmann constant(eV/K)\n",
+      "#n1000/n500=ln[n1000/n500]=Ev/1000k\n",
+      "Ev=1.08;                                #average energy required to create a vacancy(eV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "N=math.exp(Ev/(1000*k));                     #ratio of vacancies\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The ratio of vacancies is\",round(N/10**5,1),\"*10**5\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The ratio of vacancies is 2.7 *10**5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 2.4, Page number 29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#n500=N*exp(-Ev/500k)\n",
+      "k=8.625*10**-5;                            #Boltzmann constant(eV/K)\n",
+      "Ev=0.95;                                  #average energy required to create a vacancy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "n=math.exp(-Ev/(500*k));                        #n500/N\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The ratio of number of vacancies to the number of atoms is\",round(n*10**10,1),\"*10**-10\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The ratio of number of vacancies to the number of atoms is 2.7 *10**-10\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 2.5, Page number 30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=1;\n",
+      "k=1;\n",
+      "l=1;\n",
+      "#d(hkl)=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2) where \"a\" is the lattice parameter\n",
+      "r=0.18;     #atomic radius(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "d111=(2*math.sqrt(2)*r)/math.sqrt((h**2)+(k**2)+(l**2));     #spacing(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The spacing of (111) planes in a monoatomic structure is\",round(d111,2),\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The spacing of (111) planes in a monoatomic structure is 0.29 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 2.6, Page number 30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "M=200;                               #atomic weight \n",
+      "a=5;                                #lattice parameter(angstrom)\n",
+      "Na=6.022*(10**26);\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "rho=(2*M)/(Na*(a*10**-10)**3);         #density of the structure(kg/m**3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The density of the bcc structure is\",round(rho/10**3,2),\"*10**3 kg/m**3\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The density of the bcc structure is 5.31 *10**3 kg/m**3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 2.7, Page number 30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#Free volume=a^3-[(4/3)*pi*r^3];for sc,a=2r\n",
+      "#Therefore free volume =(2r)^3-[(4/3)*pi*r^3]\n",
+      "fv=30.48*10**-30;                            #free volume per unit cell(m**3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "r=(fv/(8-(4/3)*math.pi))**(1/3)*(10**10);          #atomic radius(angstrom) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The atomic radius is\",round(r),\"Angstrom\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The atomic radius is 2.0 Angstrom\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 2.8, Page number 30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#free volume=a^3-[2*(4/3)*pi*r^3]\n",
+      "#for bcc a=4r/3^(1/3)\n",
+      "fv=61.72*(10**-30);                          #free volume(m**3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "a=-(fv/(1-math.pi*math.sqrt(3))/8)**1/3*10**31;           #lattice parameter(angstrom)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The lattice parameter is\",round(a,2),\"Angstrom\"\n",
+      "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The lattice parameter is 5.79 Angstrom\n",
+        "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 2.9, Page number 30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "rho=9000;                         #density(kg/m**3)\n",
+      "w=65;                             #atomic weight\n",
+      "v=1;                              #volume(m**3)\n",
+      "a=1.4;                            #average number of free electrons per atom\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "n=(rho*v)/(w/(6.022*10**26));      #number of atoms\n",
+      "rhoe=n*a;                          #density of free electrons per atom(electrons/m**3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The density of free electrons is\",round(rhoe/10**29,3),\"*10**29 electrons/m**3\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The density of free electrons is 1.167 *10**29 electrons/m**3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 2.10, Page number 31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=1;\n",
+      "k=0;\n",
+      "l=1;\n",
+      "d101=0.5;            #spacing of (101) plane\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "#d101=a/sqrt((h^2)+(k^2)+(l^2))\n",
+      "a=d101*math.sqrt(2)      #lattice parameter(Angstrom)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The lattice parameter is\",round(a,1),\"Angstrom\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The lattice parameter is 0.7 Angstrom\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter4_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter4_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..f4145c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter4_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:e9b50f0b4ca0520935774156fedb1fdaaf2b2fd5241b8184a650d42b25d657cd"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "4: Interference"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.1, Page number 69"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "i=40;                                    #angle of incidence(degrees)\n",
+      "mew=1.2;                                #refractive index\n",
+      "t=0.23;                                #thickness of the film(micro m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "i=i*math.pi/180;                     #angle of incidence(radian)\n",
+      "r=math.asin(math.sin(i)/mew);        #angle of refraction(radian)\n",
+      "lambda1=(2*mew*t*math.cos(r))*10**3;      #wavelength absent(nm) \n",
+      "lambda2=lambda1/2;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The wavelength absent is\",round(lambda1,1),\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The wavelength absent is 466.1 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.2, Page number 69"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "lambda1=400*10**-9;                #wavelength 1(m)\n",
+      "lambda2=600*10**-9;                #wavelength 2(m)\n",
+      "#2*t=n*lambda\n",
+      "n=150;    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "t=((n*lambda2)/2)*10**6;     #thickness of the air film(micro meter)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The thickness of the air film is\",t,\"micro m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The thickness of the air film is 45.0 micro m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.3, Page number 70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "lamda=600*10**-9;     #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "mew=2;\n",
+      "theta=0.025;      #wedge-angle(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=theta*math.pi/180;      #wedge-angle(radian)\n",
+      "x=(lamda/(2*mew*math.sin(theta)))*10**2;       #bandwidth(cm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth is\",round(x,3),\"cm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The bandwidth is 0.034 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.4, Page number 70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "xair=0.15;                     #bandwidth of air(cm)\n",
+      "xliq=0.115;                    #bandwidth of liquid(cm)\n",
+      "mewair=1;                      #refractive index of air\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "mewliq=(xair*mewair)/xliq;      #refractive index of liquid\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The refractive index of liquid is\",round(mewliq,1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The refractive index of liquid is 1.3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.5, Page number 70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n=9;\n",
+      "lamda=589*10**-9;                   #wavelength of light used(m)\n",
+      "R=0.95;                             #radius of curvature of lens(m)\n",
+      "mew=1;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "D=(math.sqrt((4*n*lamda*R)/mew))*10**2;   #diameter of the ninth dark ring(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The diameter of the ninth dark ring is\",round(D,2),\"cm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The diameter of the ninth dark ring is 0.45 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.6, Page number 70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "x=0.055;                       #distance in fringe shift(mm)\n",
+      "n=200;                         #number of fringes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "lamda=((2*x)/n)*10**6;          #wavelength(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The wavelength of light used is\",lamda,\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The wavelength of light used is 550.0 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.7, Page number 70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n=50;                             #number of fringes\n",
+      "lamda=500*10**-9;                 #wavelength of light used(m)\n",
+      "mew=1.5;                          #refractive index of the plate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "t=((n*lamda)/(2*(mew-1)))*10**6;    #thickness of the plate(micro meter)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The thickness of the plate is\",t,\"micro m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The thickness of the plate is 25.0 micro m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.8, Page number 70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "lamda=550*10**-9;                   #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "mew=1.38;                            #refractive index\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "t=(lamda/(4*mew))*10**9;              #thickness(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The minimum thickness of the plate for normal incidence of light is\",round(t,3),\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The minimum thickness of the plate for normal incidence of light is 99.638 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.9, Page number 70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "i=35;                                         #angle of incidence(degrees)\n",
+      "mew=1.4;                                      #refractive index\n",
+      "n=50;                                        \n",
+      "lamda=459*10**-9;       #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "i=i*math.pi/180;                     #angle of incidence(radian)\n",
+      "r=math.asin(math.sin(i)/mew);        #angle of refraction(radian)\n",
+      "#2*mew*cos(r)=n*lambda\n",
+      "#n(459)=(n+1)450\n",
+      "t=(n*lamda/(2*mew*math.cos(r)))*10**6;          #thickness of the film(micro meter)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The thickness of the film is\",round(t,3),\"micro m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The thickness of the film is 8.985 micro m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.10, Page number 71"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "lamda=500*10**-9;                      #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "x=0.07;                                 #observed band width(cm)\n",
+      "mew=1;                                  #refractive index\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=(math.asin(lamda/(2*mew*x)))*10**2;     #wedge angle(radian)\n",
+      "theta=theta*180/math.pi;     #wedge angle(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The wedge angle is\",round(theta,2),\"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The wedge angle is 0.02 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.11, Page number 71"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "dair=0.42;                   #diameter of certain rings(cm)\n",
+      "dliq=0.38;                   #diameter of rings when liquid is introduced(cm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "mew=dair**2/dliq**2;            #refractive index of liquid\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The refravtive index of liquid is\",round(mew,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The refravtive index of liquid is 1.22\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.12, Page number 71"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "m=8;                                           #eigth ring\n",
+      "n=3;                                           #third ring\n",
+      "dm=0.4;                                        #diameter of the eigth ring(cm)\n",
+      "dn=0.2;                                        #diameter of the third ring(cm)\n",
+      "R=101;                                         #Radius of curvature(cm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "lamda=(((dm**2)-(dn**2))/(4*R*(m-n)));      #wavelength of light(cm) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The wavelength of light used is\",round(lamda*10**5,4),\"*10**-5 cm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The wavelength of light used is 5.9406 *10**-5 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 4.13, Page number 71"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "mew=1.38;             #refractive index of magnesium floride\n",
+      "t=175;                #thickness of coating of magnesium fluoride(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "lamda=4*t*mew;        #wavelength(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The wavelength which has high transmission is\",lamda,\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The wavelength which has high transmission is 966.0 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter5_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter5_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d125b365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter5_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:f4c05fd79d4d56cbd4b08f847aeb0bba767b388c9bbe1bea8066d97e3ac78212"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "5: Diffraction"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.1, Page number 86"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n=1;\n",
+      "lamda=600*10**-9;                 #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "theta=35;                          #angle at which first minimum falls(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=theta*math.pi/180;      #angle at which first minimum falls(radian)\n",
+      "d=((n*lamda)/math.sin(theta))*10**6;      #width of the slit(micro m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The width of the slit is\",round(d,2),\"micro m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The width of the slit is 1.05 micro m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.2, Page number 86"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "D=0.95;                          #distance of the screen from the slit(m)\n",
+      "lamda=589*10**-9;                #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "d=0.5*10**-3;                     #width of the slit(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "y=((2*D*lamda)/d)*10**3;         #width of a central band(mm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The width of the central band is\",round(y,2),\"mm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The width of the central band is 2.24 mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.3, Page number 86"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "D=1.1;                        #distance of the screen from the slit(m)\n",
+      "lamda=589*10**-9;             #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "y=4.5*10**-3;                  #distance of first minimum on either side of central maximum(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "d=((D*lamda)/y)*10**3         #slit width(mm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The slit width is\",round(d,3),\"mm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The slit width is 0.144 mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.4, Page number 86"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n=4;\n",
+      "lamda=589.6*10**-9;                  #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "D=0.95;                              #distance of the screen from the slit(m)\n",
+      "w=0.28*10**-3;                        #width of the slit(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "d=((n*lamda*D)/w)*10**3;     #distance between centres(mm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The distance between centres of central maximum and the fourth dark fringe is\",int(d),\"mm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The distance between centres of central maximum and the fourth dark fringe is 8 mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.5, Page number 86"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "s=5*math.pi/2;                           #secondary maximum\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "I=(math.sin(s)/s)**2;                      #I2/I0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"Ratio of intensities of central & second secondary maximum is\",round(I,3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Ratio of intensities of central & second secondary maximum is 0.016\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.6, Page number 86"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "lamda=450*10**-9;                  #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "n=2;\n",
+      "dlambda=1*10**-9;                   #difference in wavelength(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "N=lamda/(n*dlambda);               #minimum number of lines per cm \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The minimum number of lines per cm is\",N/2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The minimum number of lines per cm is 112.5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.7, Page number 86"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n=1;\n",
+      "lamda=650*10**-9;                       #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "d=2*10**-6;                              #width of the slit(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=math.asin((n*lamda)/d);                #angle at which first minimum will be observed(radian)\n",
+      "theta=theta*180/math.pi;      #angle at which first minimum will be observed(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The angle at which first minimum will be observed is\",round(theta,3),\"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The angle at which first minimum will be observed is 18.966 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.8, Page number 87"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "lamda=600*10**-9;                           #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "y=2*10**-3;                                 #width of the central band(m)\n",
+      "D=1;                                       #distance of the screen from the slit(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "d=((2*D*lamda)/y)*10**3;                    #slit width(mm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The slit width is\",d,\"mm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The slit width is 0.6 mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.9, Page number 87"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "y=6*10**-3;                     #first minimum is observed(m)\n",
+      "d=90*10**-6;                    #slit width(m)\n",
+      "D=0.98;                        #distance of the screen from the slit(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "lamda=((y*d)/D)*10**9;           #wavelength(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The wavelength of light used is\",int(lamda),\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The wavelength of light used is 551 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.10, Page number 87"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n=1;\n",
+      "lambda1=450*10**-9;                   #wavelength of first spectral line(m)\n",
+      "d=1/5000;                    #number of lines\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta1=math.asin((n*lambda1)/d);    \n",
+      "theta1=round(theta1*10**2*180/math.pi);\n",
+      "theta2=theta1+2.97;\n",
+      "theta2=theta2*math.pi/180;\n",
+      "lambda2=d*math.sin(theta2)/n;    #wavelength of second spectral line(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The wavelength of second spectral line is\",int(lambda2*10**7),\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The wavelength of second spectral line is 550 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 5.11, Page number 87"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n=3;\n",
+      "lamda=700*10**-9;              #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "theta=90;         #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=theta*math.pi/180;     #angle(radian)\n",
+      "d=n*lamda/math.sin(theta);    #grating element(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The minimum grating element required to observe the entire third order spectrum is\",d*10**6,\"*10**-6 m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The minimum grating element required to observe the entire third order spectrum is 2.1 *10**-6 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 45
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter6_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter6_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..271f7718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter6_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:015049a6d28a54143e382d872ce51260f52be159a8159c04fe93d876c0cea685"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "6: Polarisation"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 6.1, Page number 108"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "mew=1.63;              #refractive index of the glass plate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "#tan ip=mew\n",
+      "ip=math.atan(mew);        #ip=polarising angle(radian)\n",
+      "ip=ip*180/math.pi;     #ip=polarising angle(degrees)\n",
+      "#ip+r=90\n",
+      "r=90-ip;              #angle of refraction(degrees)\n",
+      "rd=int(r);      #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "rm=round(60*(r-rd));     #angle(minutes)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The angle of refraction is\",rd,\"degrees\",rm,\"minutes\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The angle of refraction is 31 degrees 32.0 minutes\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 6.2, Page number 108"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#I=I0(cos^2(teta))\n",
+      "theta=50;                #angle made between two principle planes(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=theta*math.pi/180;   #angle(radian)\n",
+      "I=(math.cos(theta))**2;         #incident unpolarized light\n",
+      "#percentage of incident unpolarised light is (I/I0)*100 where I0 is incident polarised light\n",
+      "p=I*100;      #percentage of incident unpolarized light(%)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The percentage of incident unpolarized light is\",int(p),\"%\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The percentage of incident unpolarized light is 41 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 6.3, Page number 108"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#I=I0*cos^2(teta)\n",
+      "#cos^2(teta)=I/I0\n",
+      "a=0.08;                #a=I/I0;where I=incident unpolarized light & I0=incident polarized light\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=math.acos(math.sqrt(a));    #angle between planes of transmission of analyser and polariser(radian)\n",
+      "theta=theta*180/math.pi;     #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "thetad=int(theta);     #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "thetam=round(60*(theta-thetad));     #angle(minutes)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The angle between the planes of transmission of analyser & polariser is +(or)- \",thetad,\"degrees\",thetam,\"minutes\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The angle between the planes of transmission of analyser & polariser is +(or)-  73 degrees 34.0 minutes\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 6.4, Page number 108"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#IE=A^2(cos^2(teta));IO=A^2(sin^2(teta))\n",
+      "#I0/IE=tan^2(teta)\n",
+      "theta=40;                    #angle made between incident beam & optic axis(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=theta*math.pi/180;   #angle(radian)\n",
+      "a=math.tan(theta)**2;                  #I0/IE\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"I0/IE=\",round(a,1)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "I0/IE= 0.7\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 6.5, Page number 108"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "lamda=589;                              #wavelength of light(nm)\n",
+      "mew0=1.54;                               #refractive index for ordinary wave\n",
+      "mewE=1.55;                               #refractive index for extraordinary wave\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "t=lamda/(4*(mewE-mew0))*10**-3;         #thickness(micro m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The thickness of a quarter-wave plate is\",t,\"micro m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The thickness of a quarter-wave plate is 14.725 micro m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 6.6, Page number 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "ip=52;                               #angle of polarization(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "ip=ip*math.pi/180;   #angle(radian)\n",
+      "mew=math.tan(ip);                    #refractive index of the material surface\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The refractive index of the material surface is\",round(mew,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The refractive index of the material surface is 1.28\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 6.7, Page number 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "r=33;                      #angle of refraction(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "ip=90-r;                   #polarising angle(degrees)\n",
+      "ip=ip*math.pi/180;     #angle(radian)\n",
+      "mew=math.tan(ip);          #refractive index of quartz\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The refractive index of quartz is\",round(mew,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The refractive index of quartz is 1.54\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 6.8, Page number 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#IE=A^2*cos^2(teta);IO=A^2*sin^2(teta)\n",
+      "#I0/IE=tan^2(teta)=0.65\n",
+      "a=0.65;                        #ratio of intensities of ordinary & extraordinary light\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=math.atan(math.sqrt(a));           #angle made by plane of vibration of the incident light with optic axis(radian)\n",
+      "theta=theta*180/math.pi;      #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "thetad=int(theta);     #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "thetam=int(60*(theta-thetad));\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The angle made by the plane of vibration of incident light with the optic axis is\",thetad,\"degrees\",thetam,\"minutes\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The angle made by the plane of vibration of incident light with the optic axis is 38 degrees 52 minutes\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 6.9, Page number 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "mew0=1.544;                                  #refractive index of ordinary waves\n",
+      "mewE=1.553;                                  #refractive index of extraordinary waves\n",
+      "lamda=550;                                  #wavelength(nm) \n",
+      "t=9;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "delta=((2*180)/(lamda*(10**-9)))*(mewE-mew0)*t*(10**-6);           #phase difference(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The phase difference between O and E rays is\",int(delta),\"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The phase difference between O and E rays is 53 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 6.10, Page number 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "delta=50;                                #phase difference(degrees)\n",
+      "mewE=1.544;                              #refractive index of extraordinary waves\n",
+      "mew0=1.553;                              #refractive index of ordinary waves\n",
+      "t=8;                                     #thickness(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "lamda=((2*180)/delta)*(mew0-mewE)*t*10**-6*10**9;              #wavelength of light incident(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The wavelength of light incident is\",lamda,\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The wavelength of light incident is 518.4 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..36caeba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:604dfd31225e3c2fe12afc104ed18461bd1bcabd558389f5cc69df386ba9091d"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "7: Motion of a charged particle"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.1, Page number 132"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-19;                   #charge of the electron(c)\n",
+      "V=18;                            #potential difference(kV)\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;                   #mass of the electron(kg)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "K=e*V*10**3;                     #Kinetic energy(J)\n",
+      "v=math.sqrt((2*e*V*10**3)/m);            #speed of electron(m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The kinetic energy of electron is\",K*10**16,\"*10**-16 J\"\n",
+      "print \"Speed of the electron is\",round(v/10**7,3),\"*10**7 m/s\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The kinetic energy of electron is 28.8 *10**-16 J\n",
+        "Speed of the electron is 7.956 *10**7 m/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.2, Page number 133"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;                    #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+      "vx=4*10**6;                       #velocity along x-axis(m/s)\n",
+      "E=1500;                           #electric field strength(N/C)\n",
+      "l=0.07;                           #length in y-axis(m)\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-19;                    #charge of electron(c)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "y=(-q*E*(l**2))/(2*m*(vx**2))*10**2;         #vertical displacement of electron(cm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The vertical displacement of electron when it leaves the electric field is\",round(y,3),\"cm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The vertical displacement of electron when it leaves the electric field is -4.038 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.3, Page number 133"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "u=5*10**5;                   #velocity(m/s)\n",
+      "m=1.67*10**-27;               #mass of proton(kg)\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "E=500;                        #electric field(N/C)\n",
+      "theta=42;                     #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=theta*math.pi/180;      #angle(radian)\n",
+      "t=((u*m*math.sin(theta))/(q*E))*10**6;             #time required for the proton(micro s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The time required for the proton is\",round(t,2),\"micro s\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The time required for the proton is 6.98 micro s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.4, Page number 133"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "m=1.67*10**-27;                  #mass of proton(kg)\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "B=0.36;                          #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "R=0.2;                           #radius(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "v=(q*B*R)/m;            #orbital speed of proton(m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The orbital speed of proton is\",round(v/10**6,1),\"*10**6 m/s\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The orbital speed of proton is 6.9 *10**6 m/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.5, Page number 133"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "v=2*10**6;                     #speed(m/s)\n",
+      "theta=30;                      #angle at which proton enters at the origin of coordinate system(degrees)\n",
+      "B=0.3;                         #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "m=1.67*10**-27;                #mass of proton(kg)\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=theta*math.pi/180;       #angle(radian)\n",
+      "vp=v*math.sin(theta);          #v(perpendicular component)\n",
+      "vpa=v*math.cos(theta);         #v(parallel component)\n",
+      "p=(vpa*2*math.pi*m)/(q*B);         #pitch of the helix described by the proton\n",
+      "R=((m*vp)/(q*B))*10**2;         #radius of the trajectory\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"the pitch of the helix is\",round(p,2),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"the radius of trajectory is\",round(R,2),\"cm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the pitch of the helix is 0.38 m\n",
+        "the radius of trajectory is 3.48 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.6, Page number 133"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "V=25;                      #deflecting voltage(V)\n",
+      "l=0.03;                    #length of deflecting planes(m)\n",
+      "d=0.75;                    #distance between 2 deflecting plates(cm)\n",
+      "Va=800;                    #final anode voltage(V)\n",
+      "D=0.2;                     #distance between the screen and the plates(m)\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;                               #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "y=(((V*l)/(2*d*Va))*(D+(l/2)))*10**4;        #displacement produced(cm)\n",
+      "a=((V*l)/(2*d*Va))*10**2;\n",
+      "alpha=math.atan(a);                          #angle made by the beam with the axis(radian)\n",
+      "alpha1=alpha*180/math.pi;        #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "v=((math.sqrt((2*e*Va)/m))/math.cos(alpha));          #velocity of electron(v)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"the displacement produced is\",round(y,2),\"cm\"\n",
+      "print \"the angle made by the beam with the axis is\",round(alpha1,2),\"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"velocity of electrons is\",round(v/10**7,2),\"*10**7 m/s\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the displacement produced is 1.34 cm\n",
+        "the angle made by the beam with the axis is 3.58 degrees\n",
+        "velocity of electrons is 1.68 *10**7 m/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.7, Page number 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "B=5*10**-5;                  #magnetic field(Wb/m**2)\n",
+      "l=0.04;                      #length of magnetic field along the axis(m)\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;               #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+      "D=0.25;                      #distance of the screen from the field(m)\n",
+      "Va=600;                      #final anode voltage(V)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "y=(((e*B*l)/m)*math.sqrt(m/(2*e*Va))*(D+(l/2)))*10**2;      #displacement of the electron(cm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"the displacement of the electron beam spot on the screen is\",round(y,2),\"cm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the displacement of the electron beam spot on the screen is 0.65 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.8, Page number 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "E=2.5*10**4;               #electric field(V/m)\n",
+      "B=0.18;                    #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "B1=0.22;                   #magnetic field in the main chamber(T)\n",
+      "m2=13;                     #mass number of carbon(kg)\n",
+      "m1=12;                     #mass number of carbon(kg)\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-9;\n",
+      "q=1.67*10**-27;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "v=E/B;                     #velocity of particles(m/s)\n",
+      "s=((2*v*(m2-m1)*q)/(e*B1))*10**12;       #seperation on photographic plate(cm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"the seperation on photographic plate is\",round(s,3),\"cm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the seperation on photographic plate is 1.318 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.9, Page number 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "v=5.6*10**6;                  #speed of the electron(m/s)\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;                #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "s=0.03;                       #distance travelled(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "E=(m*(v)**2)/(2*e*s);         #intensity of electric field(N/C)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The intensity of electric field is\",round(E),\"N/C\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The intensity of electric field is 2973.0 N/C\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.10, Page number 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "v=5*10**7;\n",
+      "B=0.4;                   #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "r=0.711*10**-3;          #radius of the circle(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "Q=v/(B*r);               #charge to mass ratio(C/kg)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The charge to mass ratio is\",round(Q/10**10,2),\"*10**10 C/kg\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The charge to mass ratio is 17.58 *10**10 C/kg\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.11, Page number 135"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;              #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+      "v=3*10**7;                  #speed of electron(m/s)\n",
+      "R=0.05;                     #radius of the circle(m)\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-31;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "B=((m*v)/(q*R))*10**-9;          #magnetic field(mT)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The magnetic field to bend a beam is\",round(B,1),\"mT\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The magnetic field to bend a beam is 3.4 mT\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.12, Page number 135"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;                #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "t=8*10**-9;                   #time(ns)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "B=(2*math.pi*m*500)/(q*t);          #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The magnetic field is\",round(B,2),\"T\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The magnetic field is 2.23 T\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 7.13, Page number 135"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "v=9.15*10**7;                  #cyclotron frequency of proton(Hz)\n",
+      "m=1.67*10**-27;                #mass of proton(kg)\n",
+      "q=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "B=(2*math.pi*v*m)/q;           #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The magnetic field is\",int(B),\"T\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The magnetic field is 6 T\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter8_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter8_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..b3ec194e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter8_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:a95b407b682939fdad30498a4e63981a88538f3262f7c6d2067bc16aa9ba5b35"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "8: Magnetic materials and Spectroscopy"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 8.1, Page number 153"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "mew=0.9*10**-23;             #magnetic dipole moment(J/T)\n",
+      "B=0.72;                     #magnetic field applied(T)\n",
+      "k=1.38*10**-23;             #boltzmann constant\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "T=(2*mew*B)/(3*k);          #temperature(K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The temperature is\",round(T,2),\"K\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The temperature is 0.31 K\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 8.2, Page number 153"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#(C=mew0*M*T)/B.\n",
+      "#Therefore M=(C*B)/(mew0*T)\n",
+      "C=2*10**-3;            #C is curies constant(K)\n",
+      "B=0.4;                #applied magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7;\n",
+      "T=300;                #temperature(K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "M=(C*B)/(mew0*T);     #magnetisation(A/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"magnetisation is\",round(M,2),\"A/m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "magnetisation is 2.12 A/m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 8.3, Page number 153"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "B=0.35;                  #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "lamda=500*10**-9;       #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;         #speed of light \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "deltalambda=(e*B*(lamda)**2)/(4*(math.pi)*m*c*10**-9);      #Zeeman shift in wave length(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"Zeeman shift in wave length is\",round(deltalambda,5),\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Zeeman shift in wave length is 0.00408 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 8.4, Page number 154"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#T=(C*B)/(mew0*B)\n",
+      "C=2.1*10**-3;           #C is curie's constant(K)\n",
+      "B=0.38;                #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7;   #molecular magnetic moment\n",
+      "M=2.15;               #magnetisation(A/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "T=(C*B)/(mew0*M);     #temperature(K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"Temperature is\",round(T,1),\"K\"\n",
+      "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Temperature is 295.4 K\n",
+        "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 8.5, Page number 154"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#(M1*T1)=(M2*T2).Therefore M2=(M1*T1)/T2\n",
+      "M1=2;                 #Initial magnetisation(A/m)\n",
+      "T1=305;               #Initial temperature(K)\n",
+      "T2=321;\t\t      #final temperature(K)\t\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "M2=(M1*T1)/T2;        #magnetisation at 321K(A/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"Magnetisation at 321 K is\",round(M2,1),\"A/m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Magnetisation at 321 K is 1.9 A/m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 8.6, Page number 154"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7;        #molecular magnetic moment\n",
+      "M=4;                          #magnetisation(A/m)\n",
+      "T=310;                        #temperature(K)\n",
+      "C=1.9*10**-3;                 #Curie's constant(K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "B=(mew0*M*T)/C;              #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"Magnetic field is\",round(B,2),\"T\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Magnetic field is 0.82 T\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 8.7, Page number 154"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#e/m is gyromagnetic ratio.\n",
+      "deltalambda=0.01*10**-9;                         #Zeeman shift(m)\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                                       #speed of light in  vacuum(m/s)\n",
+      "lamda=600*10**-9;                              #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "B=(deltalambda*4*math.pi*m*c)/(e*(lamda)**2);    #uniform magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"Magnetic field is\",round(B,4),\"T\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Magnetic field is 0.5956 T\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 8.8, Page number 154"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "deltalambda=0.01*10**-9;                           #Zeeman shift(m)\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                                      #speed of light in vacuum(m/s)\n",
+      "B=0.78;                                          #magnetic field(T)\n",
+      "lamda=550*10**-9;                              #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation    \n",
+      "Y=(deltalambda*4*math.pi*3*10**8)/(B*(lamda)**2);    #e/m ratio(C/kg)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"e/m ratio is\",round(Y/10**11,1),\"*10**11 C/kg\"\n",
+      "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "e/m ratio is 1.6 *10**11 C/kg\n",
+        "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter9_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter9_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..29c8edee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter9_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:495ac96015f20ad80c50d2c1722e924721169f0ca7b7ca56739c5ef92f3f2a43"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "9: Quantum Theory"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.1, Page number 171"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "r=0.05;                  #radius of the wire(mm)\n",
+      "l=4;                     #length of the wire(cm)\n",
+      "e=1;\n",
+      "T=3000;                  #temperature(K)\n",
+      "s=5.6703*10**-8;         #stefan's constant \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation  \n",
+      "A=2*math.pi*r*l*10**-5;      #area(m**2)\n",
+      "p=s*T**4*A*e;            #power radiated by the filament(W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The power radiated by the filament is\",round(p,2),\"W\"\n",
+      "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The power radiated by the filament is 57.72 W\n",
+        "answer given in the book is wrong\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.2, Page number 171"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=6.626*10**-34;                   #plancks constant\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                         #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "lamda=550;                        #wavelength(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "E=(h*c)/(lamda*10**-9);           #energy of photon(J)\n",
+      "Es=0.1/E;                          #number of photons(per square cm per second)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The number of photons are\",round(Es/10**17,2),\"*10**17 per square cm per second\"\n",
+      "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The number of photons are 2.77 *10**17 per square cm per second\n",
+        "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.3, Page number 171"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=6.626*10**-34;                      #plancks constant\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                            #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "lamda=300*10**-9;                    #wavelength(m)\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "phi=2.2;                              #work function(eV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "E=(h*c)/lamda;                       #energy of photon(J)\n",
+      "Kmax=(E-(phi*e))/e;                           #maximum kinetic energy(eV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The maximum kinetic energy  is\",round(Kmax,2),\"eV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum kinetic energy  is 1.94 eV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.4, Page number 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=6.626*10**-34;                      #plancks constant\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                            #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "lamda=175*10**-9;                    #wavelength of light(m)\n",
+      "w=5;                                  #work function of nickel(eV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "E=(h*c)/(lamda*1.6*10**-19);         #Energy of 200 nm photon(eV)\n",
+      "#From photoelectric equation E-w is the potential difference\n",
+      "p=E-w;                                #potential difference required to stop the fastest electron(eV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The potential difference that should be applied is\",round(p,1),\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The potential difference that should be applied is 2.1 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.5, Page number 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=6.626*10**-34;                   #plancks constant\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                         #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "V=50;                              #accelerating voltage(kV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "lambdamin=((h*c)/(e*V*10**3))*10**9;      #shortest wavelength of X-rays(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The shortest wavelength of X-rays is\",round(lambdamin,4),\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The shortest wavelength of X-rays is 0.0248 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.6, Page number 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "lambda1=0.708;                  #wavelength of a certain line in an X-ray spectrum(angstrom)\n",
+      "Z1=42;                          #atomic number\n",
+      "Z2=24;\n",
+      "a=1;                            #screening constant\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "lambda2=(lambda1*(Z1-a)**2)/((Z2-a)**2);      #wavelength of same line(angstrom)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The wavelength of same line is\",round(lambda2,2),\"angstrom\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The wavelength of same line is 2.25 angstrom\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.7, Page number 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#From Bragg's law 2*d*sin(teta)=n*lambda\n",
+      "n=1;\n",
+      "lamda=0.32;                    #wavelength(nm)\n",
+      "theta=28;                       #angle at which first order Bragg's reflection is observed(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=theta*math.pi/180;        #angle(radian)\n",
+      "d=lamda/(2*math.sin(theta));      #distance between atomic planes(nm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The distance between atomic planes is\",round(d,2),\"nm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The distance between atomic planes is 0.34 nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.8, Page number 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=6.626*10**-34;                   #plancks constant\n",
+      "theta=50;                   #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "m=9.1*10**-31;              #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                  #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "theta=theta*math.pi/180;    #angle(radian)\n",
+      "deltalambda=(h/(m*c))*(1-math.cos(theta))*10**12;      \n",
+      "lambdafin=2.5;              #wavelength of scattered X-rays\n",
+      "lambdainit=lambdafin-deltalambda;     #wavelength of X-rays in the incident beam(pm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The wavelength of X-rays in the incident beam is\",round(lambdainit,2),\"pm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The wavelength of X-rays in the incident beam is 1.63 pm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.9, Page number 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=6.626*10**-34;                 #plancks constant\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                       #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "lamda=500*10**-9;               #wavelength of laser(m)\n",
+      "t=20*10**-3;                     #time(s)\n",
+      "N=2.52*10**16;                   #number of photons in a 20ms pulse\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "E=(h*c)/lamda;                  #Energy of 500 nm photon(J)\n",
+      "p=E*N/t;                         #power of the laser(W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The power of the laser is\",round(p,1),\"W\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The power of the laser is 0.5 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 34
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.10, Page number 173"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=6.626*10**-34;                        #plancks constant\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                              #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "lamda=350*10**-9;                      #threshold wavelength(m)\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation  \n",
+      "W=h*c/(lamda*e);             #work function of the surface(eV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The work function of the surface is\",round(W,2),\"eV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The work function of the surface is 3.55 eV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.11, Page number 173"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=6.626*10**-34;                  #plancks constant\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                        #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+      "lambdamin=0.02*10**-9;            #minimum wavelength(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "V=(h*c/(lambdamin*e))*10**-3;       #accelerating voltage(kV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The accelerating voltage needed to produce minimum wavelength is\",round(V,4),\"kV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The accelerating voltage needed to produce minimum wavelength is 62.1187 kV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 42
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.12, Page number 173"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "#According to Bragg's eq.2*d*sin(teta)=n*lambda\n",
+      "n=2;                     #since second order Bragg's eq.\n",
+      "d=5;                     #since d=5(lambda)\n",
+      "lamda=1;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "a=(n*lamda)/(2*5*lamda);\n",
+      "theta=math.asin(a);      #angle of second order Braggs reflection(radian)\n",
+      "theta=theta*180/math.pi;      #angle(degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The angle of second order Braggs reflection is\",round(theta,2),\"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The angle of second order Braggs reflection is 11.54 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 45
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 9.13, Page number 173"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h=6.626*10**-34;                     #plancks constant\n",
+      "c=3*10**8;                           #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "lamda=0.03;                         #wavelength(nm)\n",
+      "p=80/100;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation                        \n",
+      "E=(h*c)/(lamda*10**-9);             #energy of photon(J) \n",
+      "TE=E/p;                              #Total energy.E=80% of TE(J)\n",
+      "TE=TE*(10**-3)/e;                    #Total energy(keV)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The electron must have been accelerated through a potential difference of\",round(TE,3),\"kV\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The electron must have been accelerated through a potential difference of 51.766 kV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 49
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/README.txt b/Engineering_Physics/README.txt
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d99f6a28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: SINDHU ARROJU
+Course: btech
+College/Institute/Organization: JNTUH
+Department/Designation: Computer Science
+Book Title: Engineering Physics
+Author: V Rajendran
+Publisher: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited(New Delhi)
+Year of publication: 2008
+Isbn: 9780070261037
+Edition: 1
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/screenshots/1.png b/Engineering_Physics/screenshots/1.png
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diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/screenshots/22.png b/Engineering_Physics/screenshots/22.png
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author	hardythe1	2015-04-07 15:58:05 +0530
committer	hardythe1	2015-04-07 15:58:05 +0530
commit	c7fe425ef3c5e8804f2f5de3d8fffedf5e2f1131 (patch)
tree	725a7d43dc1687edf95bc36d39bebc3000f1de8f /Engineering_Physics
parent	62aa228e2519ac7b7f1aef53001f2f2e988a6eb1 (diff)
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